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i

OUR FRENCH ALLIES,

ROCHAMBEAU AND HIS ARMY, LAFAYETTE AND HIS DEVOTION.

D'ESTAING, DeTERNAY, BARRAS, DEGRASSE,

AND THEIR FLEETS,

GREAT WAR

FROM 1778 TO 1782,

IVCIXDINO

MILITARY OI'KUATroXS IN lillnDK ISLAND, THK SlItRKyDKEt OK YORK-

TOWN, SKKTCIfKj: IIP FRKM n AM) A.MKKICAN OKKK'KRS, AND

ISCIUKNTS (IK MXIAI. I.IKK l\ XKWl'DliT, I'RUVI.

DKNCK, AMI Kl.MAVIIKRK.

WITH NLMEBOrs I L L V S T H A T 1 1) N 8 .

n ■> 1-- I ''A' ; N i\; A HI IN S'lT) N I-.

rnoviDExcK:

I'KINlKn riY THK I'KOVIltlCX* K l-RKSS COIII'AXY.

■1 ;

it

^i(fh

r~\

(c

)U

^

One Huni>rbd Copiks Robbicatkd.
Four Extra Stkrl Pobtraits.

CorTKIIiKT ESTUKD 1881.

LVrTRf.HT Sr>rBEi>.

All IttcHj* Kesebtkd.

ittarquis tit Borjjambcau,

THK

lIONOItlCt) IlKIMIt-^iENTATIVK

OK

A XOIII.K XAMK,
Till H VOT-.IJMI:,

COMlIEMUltATINti TllK IMitHtTANT All* itKNI>F.KKD BY FRAKfE

To TDK

t'MTKU STATES
l.\ TllEIlt ,->TI{f(Ji;i.E Wn ISDKl'EXDKNCE,

Is

■..^KKfSPKt^TFUIiIiY : I\SCKIBED>

HV

riii: AiTiioii.

--TT-T-i ^V

it-T.AiHE v:kF t^ 5^«Ht«s: rrac in iht h»iffrr
« E»^ « •'ric- w «9n«nvc fau^mst-jiHi: Tvouirvd
K -^^K ^iiTiSiaiiiii Ic ^hviq^ litr- iiw&cbi-
: «c « WMicuij nannc tn ifar Xmtk Amrri-
^ L<«riBfic, Bf«« ko)£i^ a JfOOMtn tm^ in

in ^ivinr inr:*- i. rrr^-p*^ lia: iiave Tvmm-ro ihf soub of dmnrAir
BliiveT7 mm. i> ■•iitt^"!** aiir t*r^ir"tttot. and iha: hav(^. in no mod-
era.!* €H;^T»=t. m-diS-c lirt iwtUiinL idotr mnil l^nsbaion of »11
£unnni. itrr Ame-t^Bi. H^vutuboi. msy «-iili imtb hf rluinsd «» £&•

iii lin- !U>iiut[t r.i:i:-r^ Tiii it*!pe% eruTJ. iii, "1 am bTi Amerirar ril»-
zeii." tr !»•>» fc^ fr-'-^sr.^ «;- «-ar iim- p:^", " 3 am a fininaii riiiwi*."'
in till T^iijT. ■: zur C^rsit^-

lii nf-DTmr "i«- naiEi^aJir^ *r »iiirh »-f no*- Iwiasi.. and ihc
niuleria] pro^tuc-Tr^. t-¥t».'.^*^ rirtCi- and libenk* »>iirli wr nom so
uliuudHUth fTi.i'''- F-*!*^ SI'-* u lite ihjneen fwlilc, bni •*sironr
mJDdfd " roiniih^. i»e- ii>iL TW apirii nf ihai qkIios and of her
moDurcii. L«iuK ;ite A\ i.. » iDusraied in the fnDowiii^ uarraiivf.
Tin- B!»?isiMurt ii^ Tr-itotr^i » a* liiDelT. mjti hasicned to a siipcessfu]
lennmaiKFii a simcrW- uta: lOffVf ibac onre ntDM^ prpai anxiclx lo
r^eu lin- ImjH-fu! WB*."iiiiun^ii- li hitf Iteen said, in tb«- war <.f crii-
i'"i^m. liiRi bin ittr liH- iifif«e (rf crippUu^ ibe po^er of Ejurlaiid-

X PREFACE.

aod of extendiog liis coloninl dominiotis, the French King would
never have consented to an alliance fraught with the remarkable con-
sequences that followed it. Whatever niay have been the motive that
governed his action, the benefit to the struggling colonies soon became
apparent, nnd on that fact we rest.

According to a statement made by the Prince de Joinville, France,
in the War of the American Revolution, "lost thirty-five thousand
men and twenty-five ships of the Hue." AH this logs, did not, of
course, occur in America, nor in the waters of t)ie United States,
but was an aggregate growiug out of the alliance witli the American
Confederacy. A conservative ministry was disinclined to commit
France to such a relation. "The King," the Prince says, "encount-
ered an opposition from the Count de Vergcnues and the Court,
when he took the suffering cause of the Americans in hand. He was
moved by the rcpresculations of the American Commissioners, and
the Queen was no less urgent to save the sinking cause ef the Amer-
ican people. My gnindfjithor and my father were present when the
last struggle took place between the King and the niinis^try upon the
article of alliance with tlie United Colonies of America. That day —
it was a happy day for the Americans — but for the King, it was the
day of liis death I Yc^i, on that day when the King put his name to
the inslrument, he scaled his death warraut." . . . . " Hut
for these powerful aids, no monuments are raised to per[)etUHte their
memory. Lciuis XVI. ought to be placed next to General Washing-
ton as a liberator of the American people." *

The Amcriciius are not an unapprecialive nor an ungrateful peo-
ple. This is shown in the commendatory general orders issued by
Washington, immediately after the surrender of Cornwallis, and the
equally expressive resolutions of thanks to "Our Frkscii Allies,"
so promptly passed by Congress, at Philadelphia, together with a
vote ttulhorizing tlie erection of a nuuiunicnt at Yorktown to perpet-
uate the memory of the gallant services of the allied arniii'r' of

* Prince do Jolnvillv'v cunvprvuliOD wirh the Rev. Elraitr WUllains.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. XI

Fninctf Mild the United States. When tlie monument on that spot,
the corner-stone of which was laid Oclobcr lOtlu 1881, shall be
completed, ample justice will be done to the memoi-y of Louis XVI.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

To Henry Thayer Drowne, Esq., of New York, whose knowledge
of Rhode Ittland hiatory is iinsurpassed, I am deeply indebted for
mucli vahiahle assistance in prosecuting my I'cscarches. For special
courtesies my grnteful acknowledgments are also due to Governor
Alfred II. Llttlefiehl, Lincoln; Ilun. Joshua M. Addeman, Hon.
Henry H. Anthonyi Hon. Nelson W. Aldrich, lion. John it. Bart-
lelt, Hon. William W. Iloppin, Mr. Frederick Street Hoppin, Wil-
liam Buweu, Esq., George L. Cooke, Esq., Rev. Henry H. Norllirup,
George W. Danielson, Esq., Sir. Charles W. Hopkins, Sir. George H.
Peck,* Zacliariali Allen,* LL. I)., Reuben A. Guild, LL.D., Zubuloc
L. White, Esq.. Albert Holbrook, Esq., Caleb Fiske Harris,* Esq.,
Mr. Albert V. Jcnks, Mr. John Morris, Mr. Russell M. Larned^
Mr. Henry R Davis, Mrs. Harriet A. Brownell, Miss, Mary W.
Armin^tou, Miss Ellyu A. Clarke, Miss Charlotte K. Clarke, Mr.
Thomas V. Carr, and Mrs. Anun R. Carr, Providence ; David King,
M. D.,* Henry E. Turner, M. D., Hon. Francis Briiiley, James
Eddy Slauran, Esq., George C. Musoii, Esq., Hon. William P.
Shetficld, Rev. Charles T. lirook-i,* Sirs, Martha SL Anderson,* Mis.
James Bircklieiid, and SIihs Emily Hazard, NtMvport ; William J.
Miller, t^q., Bristol; Sirs. Annie (i. Bowen, Tiverton; IIoii. Wil-
liam Greene,* Prof. George Wasliington Greene,* East Greenwich ;
General George Sears Greene, Cowoset ; Hon. Robert C. Winthrop,
lion. Samuel A. Green, 31. D., John Ward Dean, Esq., Rev.
Edward Everett Hale, D. D., Sir. Samuel Adams Drake, and Mr.
Francis S. Drake, Boston ; William P. Uphnm, Esq., Sidom. SInss. ;
Oliver Wendell Holmes, SI.D., Rev. John L. Sihiey, Cambridge,
Miiss. ; President Noah Porter, S.T.I)., LL. D., Addison Van Name,

*T1ie tlamd namei are of those pcrraus who, nltli a lingli' exccplioD, dvccated trlille
tbb TOlnme wmi bring printed.

Xll PREFACE.

A. M., Franklin B. Dexter, A. M., New Haven, Conn. ; Hon. J.
Hammond Trumbull, LL. D., Hartford, Conn.; Mr, Antlioiiy
Lawton, Troy, N. Y. ; Townaend Ward, Esq., Mr. John A. McAllis-
ter, Mr. Dexter S, Stone, Mr. William S. Scliofield. and Miss Elisie
Willing Balch, the accomplished translator and historical writer,
Philadelphia, Penn. ; Robert A. Brock, Esq., Richmond, Va. ;
MisB Kate Nelson, Yorktown, Va. ; Hon. William Hunter, Hon.
John S. Tucker, , A. R. Spofford, Esq., Washington, D. C. ; Miijor
Asa Bird Gardner, LL. D., Judge Advocate United States army,
George H. Moore, LL. D., Lenox Library, Mr. Jacob B. Moore,
Librarian New York Historical Society, Thomas Vernon, Esq., and
Charles T. Congdon, Esq., New York city. To Mr. Joseph E. C.
Famham, the sole compositor of this volume, my thanks are tendered
fur the prompt, neat and satisfactory manner in which he has per-
formed the task assigned him ; arid also to Mr. Henry F. Doherty
and to Mr. Alexander M. Robertson for office attentions.

Tlie mechanical excellence displayed in the printing of this volume
is highly creditable to the Providence Press Company, which has
long been distinguished for superior boo1( printing, and numerous
historical works bear the imprint of that establishment.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

No historical work has ever before been issued by a Rhode Island
press 80 largely illustrated as this. The illustrations number two
hundred and nineteen. Of these, including eight silhouettes, seventy-
two are portraits of French and American officers, and of distin-
guished civilians. Of this seventy-two, twenty-nine are steel engrav-
ings. The portrait of Queen Victoria, (page 558,) in the early days
of her domestic sorrow, was engraved in England. The portraits
engraved on wood are mostly from the burin of Mr. John 0. Thomp-
son, of this city, whose taste and skill are too well knoiyn to require
further commendation. The historical buildings, aut(>graph3, revo-
lutionary relics, and other objects of interest, were produced by the
same band. Several reproductions were furnished by the Photo-

OUB FBENCH ALLIES. XIU

Electrotype CoinpHny, Koston. Among tlie illuBtrntioDS that will most
readily attract the attention of historical students are the sections of
riie maps of Blaskowitz and Lcwin ; General Sullivan's battle map,
(page 109) ; the flag of-the Second Rhode Island regiment, carried
at the siege of Yorktown ; and the plat of the French encampment
in North Providence, now included in tlie city of Providence. I
consider it a suhject for congratulation that so much of the plan of
the encampment has been saved from the deatniction of the plough.
A hydrographic chart of Narragansett Bay, with the soundings care-
fully laid down, was published in 1776 by J. T. W. Des Barrea, *' in
pursuance of directions from the Lords of Trade," and dedicated to
*' the Riglit Honorable Lord Viscount Howe." This is probably the
first hydrographic 8ur\'ey of the bay ever made. The chart shows
the station of each of the British guard vessels, and the pointa at
which these were severally destroyed, as described on page 69. The
cliarta of Blaskowitx and Dc Barres are rare and iD\'fthiable illustra-
tions of Rhode Island in the War of the Revolution.

AKNOTATIONS.

As will be seen, numerous annotations appear in the following
pages, and material that came to hand while the printing was in
progress, but too late to be used in its appropriate place in the narra-
tive, will be found in the appendix. For tlic convenience of readers
to whom the lives or biographies of distinguished characters of the
Revolution are not easily accessible, upwards of eiglity notices and
biographical sketches of Amerienii and French officers are here
inserted.

ROCnAHBEAU PARK.

On page 316, the story of a movement to open a park on the
French Camp-ground is told. It is there said, "the long desired
park has been ensured." As a sequel to the story, it inay be said,
that the ^nerous offer of nearly thirty-two acres of land, for the pur-
f09e above designated, was made by the owner, Henry T. Beckwith,

XIV PREFACE.

Esq., to llie Cilv CouiifU, Ijut at ilie lime of tliu ivritiiig of tliis pre-
face, it had not been acted upon. The Park is still hoped for.

ItKLK-ei.

A niimher nf mementos of tho Fi-encli olfi<'er!" who passed their
time so agivrnhK- in IVovidi-iice and Xowpcirt. is nu-ntiom^d in tlie
narrative. A tliorongh investigation wonlil donhticss bring to li»lit
many mon-. The Count de Noaillos. on liia de])ai'tnre from New-
port, where lie pa-<Si^'d the winter oi' ITmO-SI in the faniih' of Mr.
Thomas Robinson. left some of tiis camp t-qnipagi- iK-hind. Ileiija-
miii II. Smith. Ksc|., liHr< at his residence in Phiiadclttliia a eiiiii]>-
kettle that belonged tt» the Count, and a teli'-a-tete set of Sevres
china, Rent by the Countess de Noailles, to ^Irs. liobinson, as a
token of her friendly regards. Tiie gift was aeeoni|>anied with the
following letter :.

"Madam:— I do not Itnow wluther yon will forsivo luy iaillseretion, but
your fricmlly kindness for my liiinlimul uffffls nic so truly tlmt I cnnaot deny
myself ttie iiti-asiire of tilling- you how niiich ami witli wliut sini-erity I unile
with hlin in ^Tutitmli.' tor all your fn\~ors. Siiii:t< you know liiiii, Mmliuti, yon
will be to jii(I{ri! of my iin<'n^iat:s!) and of tliv eoniinual alarms I am v\poHK<l
to oa his ac'i-oiint. From what be has told mt- uf your Hvosiliility an<l teiitler
feelingH, I ]io]hi it will be a iibnsiire to you to bear in proiuring him a buppy
litu, you also Rive sotiif. coiisoliktion to u heart altnust broken with sueb a vari-
ety of afflii'tionl I liavea dimlile oblij^ation to you, Muilam, for liaviiiK
otlniitttHl him into un inlliimlo n<'<iuaiiiiuii<'e in your family. He wilt see
there, each (lay, that real hnpiiiiiess is ant fotiiid In the jiiirsuit of military
glory, to wbldi, neverihejess, men make fnu-h erufl siu:riti('esl

" May I hoiie, Miulam, that yoii wilt i>eruiit aie to present yon some tea-cniw
of a nianufaetory we have here, anil that in drinking your te.-i with ytmr
ehanning daughters, yoa will sometimes think of me. I should look upon it
as a great liappiness if eireumatanees shonld ever procure me an oi)portunity
to offer myself ibe bonm^e of all those sentiments you inspired me, nnil witli
which I bavo the bonor to be, .Muilam,

" Tour most bumble and most obedient servant,

"Xo.VILLRS UE NOAILI.ES.

" Paris, Gth month, 17»1."

OUR FRBKCH ALLIES. XV

BATTLE OK RHODE I3LAXD.

The following extract is from aii uiiptiblistied diary kept by the
Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL. 1)., pastor of tlie Congregational church
in HainiltoD> Mass., and should have followed the account of the
battle given by Colonel Trumbull, (page lOG), but waa mislaid and
not recovered until after the entire volume had been printed. Dr.
Cutler was a voluuteer chaplaiu in General Titconih's brigade, which
he joined nt Tiverton. He remained on the island ia the discharge
of his duties until August 26, 1778, when he left to visit his lather
in Killiiigly, Conn.*

August 0, Sunday. "This morning thn army was ordered to parade near
Howiand's ferry. In ordur to cmliark and rujiuliark in tbe boats that they
might tlie better understand suL-h a nmnotuvre, but a recoDiioltcTing party
having disL-overed that the (jneuiy had luft the iigipcr end of the Uland, and
retreated into Newport, the troops embarked and iirnceeded over, formed on
the opposite beach, and marelied up and took i)os.session of their works, which
vere not at all damafred. They evaunated tlieiii Saturday evening, upon
finding our troops intended to land six miles liulow, and cut off their retreat.
They drove off all tho horsey and all the cattle from the inhabitants, except
one cow to a family, destroyed all their wheels and carriages of every kind,
took quantities of provisions, and filled up niUHt of their wells.

"10. Monday. Tbitt morning I crossed on lo Rhode Island, and Joined
General Titcomb's brigade. Oined with Iiiin and a nuTiilwr of gentlemen on
the ground abroad, not having any ijuartcrs. Sleep this night in the officer's
room in the barracks in tlm furt taken up by Colonel Wade.

•' Last evening a fleet was seen olT the harljor, of about eighteen or twenty
sail, came up near the lighthonse and anchored. Several ships of the line,
but unknown who or from whence. Abont 10 o'clock, the French fleet that
lay alMfve the town of Xcwpurt, canm lo sail, and went out in pursuit of
them. As they passed the totvji and forts the ship^ Vgan and kejit up an
incessant fire, until they were all |m«»cd. The roar <jl iiuuiun at times was
such aa to make but one continued sound, without any distinction of guns.
The fleetln the offing, which proved to be from New Vork. immediately put

*Ke*. Dr. Culler was boru in Klllitigly, Conn., Muy 3, 174'J; j,'riiduatril Mt VbIk Col-
lege In 17fl6; received from his Alma Multr Ilie lionorury ilc^rfc of LL. 1>. In irm, anil
died Id IlamlltOD, Mom., July ^'>>. It^'^l. Ht- nui. a rii[Uiriil [>ii«tor, and wui- illstlnitultlicd
for MlenllAo atlklniDeDta.

XVI PREFACE.

to sea, «nd hj dark th» Frroch fl«ei in jwrsah td ibt^ was mt (d si^it of
Imnd.

" 11. TaeMlaj-. The G«aml itrorared a rihMitilxs tor gn>neis at cne
Browning's, a Quak^T. Invii«d mf to Ut« wiili bin. 7%» ^>or«ii4; ite wind
at oortbeast lilew pretty hard. cIondT and raiST. At 4. tbc wbole amj
paraded, and was reviewMl by the j^>ti«ral oSccn^ Ttw order of tank and
encampment. Ftom linf,— Vamnm'!! an>l C<viK-irs lai^Ead** aa tfae ri|^t. —
Glover's and Col. Coin. Gr^'^noV do onihelefl. Tbe M<cor>d tinr, ccnuDanded
by MaJ.-43en. Hanrock, LAtvol's bri)FMdr on i)ie ri^l. TiTccnoVF on the left.
The light corpii. conflislinc ot Jatk^ia's civps. BoRtea iDdepeadeBlB and
Light Infantry, and fitly men fr\^m ea^^'h brijndc in tl»e trrat line, comnaBded
by Col. Leul.iton. [Ijvinpsion?] The r««one, oon»»iinf oi Holdea's asd
Brown's refpnienlii, isxiiiiiandeil by Col. Com. Wrst. A VifufciTig diriiikiB ob
each wing of the army, and a Hankin); party to each wing <J each line, con-
sisting of rohinteer and militiA. A Kidy of boT»ie. cximntaitdtid by Oencral
Whipple. Tlie ritrht wing ot Ute mh^le army oommanded by Mai..Gca
Greene. — the left by tho Manjuis <lt> la Fa^'rlte.

" 12. Wedno!ida,v. Thin niornin;; or Irrs (or tb^ whole ara^ to be panwled
at 6, for advani'ing towi»i>i> tb*- eni ««»■.«' linoj^ Bui the i^tvn incTvaring
violently, piwi'nti<Yl. A iin-ai nutiiNT of the militia hai~iiig bo tests were
obligMl to f.^ntinuo out in tbe siorm without any shelter. Col. Tbcwinlike
maigned. Col, Wade *piv.*int<>il, Capt*. llniwn and CaKtl took lodgings at
our quarters.

•- IX Thunhlay. Thostorm exi^islinj; severe, — wind TeiTr hi{:b. Mr. Nat.
Trary lodgtHl with us. l>r. Clark and l^us>ins. d-ils. \Vadsworth aad Tbont-
dike with us. A Serjp>ant and nine mon dfsert*»l. btloagiiitg to il«e S3d Rgi-
roeut, British. Say the Fnni'li shiiv, diMuonni<<d ibe gnns and almost demol>
ishetl two fort.t. and killed several nn'n on Monday.

"14. Friday. This uiorning the wind ehsn)p\i to the southward. At 4
in the miu-ning. tr<.x>|i:» turned out, I'XMmineil ih^-ir amis, and rrnewtd their
eartridgfs. Capl.*. I'aUtt, lln^wn and ni>-seU nvle down near the enemies*
lines. Saw Col. IlichUirn and bis linMher Samnd. Oidrrs for tbe army to
mareh at t! to-morrow morning. S<>\ ersl desi'Tters.

" 1.1. Satnnlay. At ti o'l-Uvk a signal gun fr<>m the right, as a signal for
the whole army to g^rade. Half after A, two >-annons firei) for signals for
fonning into oolumns. Three eannons. signal for marvhiikg. Tbe front line
a<lvanred in four oohimns. and the sti-ond line in two >-oluinns, «nn-
manded by their resptvtivo Brigadiors. FUnking divisions and flanking
partie.i marched in their n'S|»eiiive stations. The light r*»rp* adranced.
The light horse advamvd on the right for reconnoiterinp. lioneers
marvbed ad\-anoi>tl of eai-h division to n^move walls, et<-. Tbe artillery
and ammunition wagt^ns lietween the flrsl and second line,— tbe baggage

OUR FUENCH ALLIES. XVII

l>etweeo tlie secund lino and the reserve. The reserve moved in one ool-
umn, I ha<l a fine proflpcot of the whole army an it moved off from Butts'
Hill, where we first encamped. They made a very grand apiwarance. The
army marched about three miles, and halted. A council of war was held by
the general ofHcers, who advanced and marked out the ground for eucamp-
fog. No appearance of an attack from the enemy. The aroiyextended quite
across the island, from water to water. At 2 o'clock, advanced and came
upon the ground, about a mile and an lialf from the enemy's lines, directly in
theirfront. Theyfireda fewcannon. As soon at unr brigade was halted, on
the ground, I returned to our old quarters and tarried the night. Was much
pleased with the kiudneMS and l>enevolence of Mr. Thomas Browning, at
whose house we quartered.

" IG. Lord's Day. Returned to Cam]>. Gen. Titcomh took quarters at Mr.
Peleg Laughton's, a friendly Quaker, where we had very good accommoda-
tions. Almost the whole brigade on duty. No opportunity to attend public
worship. At night began to throw up a redoubt upon an high eminence near
the enemy's lines. Went in the afternoon with a number of ofHcers to view
a garden near our quarters, belonging to one Mr. Bowler,— the finest by tar 1
ever saw. It is laid out much in the form of my own, contains four acres, has
a grand aisle in the middle, and is adorned in the front with beautiful carv-
ings. Near the middle is an oval, surrounded with espaliers of fruit trees, in
the centre o( which is a pedestal, on which is an annillary sphere, with an
equatorial dial. On one side of the front is a hot-house, containing orange
trees, some ripe, some green, some blooms, and various other fruit trees of
the exotic kind, curious flowers, etc. At the lower end of the ai.sle is a
large summer-house, a long square containing three rooms,— the middle
paved with marble, — hung with landscapes and other pictures. On the
right is a very targe private lilnairy, adorned with very curious carvings.
The collection of French and English authors, mnps, etc., is valuable.
The room is (urnlslied with a table, cliairsi, etc. There are espaliers of
fruit trees at each end of the garden, some curious flowering shrulis
and a pretty collection of fruit trees. The room on the left in the sumnicr-
honse, beautifully papered and designed tor music, contains a spinet. But
the whole garden discovered the desolations of war, and the want of a gard-
ener to dress It. The Marquis de la Fayette took quarters at this house.

"A nnmbcrof cannon fired from the enemy's Inn-s this aflernoon, but no
damage done.

"17. Monday. Morning foggy. After it cleared away, rode down to the
lines with Col. Thorndike. Hod a fine view of the enemy's lines from the top
of an house about a quarter of a mile di.stance, atul little advanced of our
picket. The enemy had fired for some ti me iu the morning, but had ceased
(or some hours. While we were on the hou.-tc, begun their tire again from the

XVIIl

PKCPACB.

reJtitilitK. SvrvTttl thot pnwml tia on «ncli Ritle, iin<l M) beyond iw. Made «
afawking wlilnllinji. Soon ttder vtv \rlt tlio lintiH<- n ^hot iiiiiiti lliroiigb it.
Foiinil our diliintioii not V4T.v hsIi- nor imrtrcKlOv. Htvtxl liv tlu' Marqiii* vvlieii
ft rmiriion liiitl jiiHt [iMHL-4] u*. Wax [tlnuicil with Iuh llnnrii'iui, I mi fun nil I lt»tt
iKiiliiiijt ti» l>wiHi ot my own, nml us I luii) no buslne«H tn dungor, runcluUi^d
to nitty no lonKfr lp«t 1 hI)oii1>I ha]ip(>n l« |it«y tor) ilfur fnr my ^^lIIol^lt,y.
(Ilearil trnin my frirmlH In (?otin<'i-tk-nt.}

■■ I« Tiii>ai]av. Murninc f"«iiy. AcPDOniiK it clt^reil orr.tbe encniyb«Kaii
to nrr on tilt wurliii (farown up laiit dI(iIiI, wliloh vteie votialiltrulili?, but our
men wtrrii md covvivil that tlipy mntlnupil the worlis tor lh« while d&y, — no
ilimtiiitr' rlonc rxr^iil unt- lann woiiniU-il. One iiiwi hail bin mrtoiK'h-box cw-
rtt'il awny. Nln<- unrit l>i-li>.n;ciiig to onr brigtiiii> {iftrrulol on tlir f;rmintt tn-at
th<.' iniri!Ui'hiiii<-ui i.'urriiM iLway by two bnllH. Cnpi. Doil;*i' ■■si-ii|ic(l iiurrowly.
tl»d the ItonoT Id ilSn« n'itb<>i!urra1 Hanvcwlt by pariinilar invUmion. l>ine(l
In grcftt 4latp. A iHive nuinluTof ofliitn. The Godi-ibI vury coniplaianDt.
Iiivit«(l niP to Oinr, brcakfiut or to sup wttii iiini wlR-neVL-r 11 snirtd nie, with-
citit nny i-i^rouiony. Atlft iliniirr, n niiinWr oF jjoimI ■ohk'*-

" in. W<-iIn«Mlny. Kog(Ey mnrning. Onr Unit bntli-ry npeaicil. ,^ Mnuly
firv from both liAv*. Tlirtrir liiindnil Miiinon dnvl by 10 o'cliH-k. The cnviu^
evaciiiiteil one r<rOo)il<1 lierurc I'l ii'cjiH'k. At the f-rent rOL-k «>n cnir li.-rt. hud a
flne view, sccurf fiotn UaiiKer. Koilv In tlic lifteruooii in punull ol a flabiuu
bOftC. A luftn in on^ of thv trenrlitHi 1i«i1 bin tlitifh iriit oR by ■rttnnon hMll,
and expired In nn hoiir aiid a IinK.

"30 Tbiiraduy. KiTq-y tiioriiinn- Aateody llr« tlironsb tbi^ day. Altuitded
ptAycrit tltln ttvpitin^ \tilb ib« brigwlc for the flrat time, our Hltuation not
admiciinti of ti Iwiforv.

" SI. Fridfty. The Frenrh fle«l trtiiTiiiHl itnd citiiie (o iLinliur ott ibi; lighU
houBe. j^rcntly dnmaffed by th<- atom. The LiwKniuIoc, on lioard of which
Count C>'E«tainK liolstvd IiIh tlii^, wnn dliinia*led und lo^t lioi rudder. Ocie T4
ijtlMing, Took il)'- S^-ncgnl and rme bi^uib Ki't<-b. OcnoTnl and all of lis
iuviivd lo tukc 1uiivh>;on with Gcii. Hnoi^ovk. Fuuud il nithcr nn vieitunt
dinner tlian u liincbeun. We all nvlndowu to the rack. Hnw thn tie«t. We
had two or three more lialterlef opened. W&rm firing. Coniiuiinlly tlirow-
tnii b1ii«Hs from both p»illL>s, Saw several bnrat In Ibu nlr. Allendud pruyerjt
iiioriiinj; and vi'vriing.

" ^. Rntunliiy. Wind out. The tlircu fri^IuB In th« riVLr joltiod iho Aeal,
Wnrm flrini;. FrMynnt inorningiMEicl t^v)>ning.

■' 2S. Lord's Day. ExpPi'l<>d lo pr>-ft.'h, and just prpparnl Irt no up U> tho
lirJuade <vlieii tlie G^■neral received n letter truu General Snltlvau, tnlorin-
iun him that the French fleet were ao dtMBtered they could by qo mnanit
afford U8 »)iy usaivtiince, but were ^oni} to Doeton to riitlt. Aa the plan hul
ever bean tii liihe off eight or ton ihoiiaiincl tni-ii from the ii.>ri of the army,

OUK FRKNCH AIJ.IBS

XIX

•ml Uitd ibotn on Br«nton> Neck in Uie tmeroy's rear, unil«r corvr of th«
. Fnnch BhlfM, for il wan w«U known ilirlr ISitc» vri>in> liii|>rp|[nM)iIr. ibU lOiilit
not be txecatMl wilh any dtftttt of wtfrty ot jitimpea^t nf aiii^ceiu without any
oavn, all th« OoiicraU wcte cnllcd u|>un to sive Uielr uplnlon wbetbvt an'
Immediate ntrent was not alDMitiiU-l; nM«auirf . TI>i> iint-xfH-^-l«<l tlmertlnn
o( tb« flMt, wUlrh wiu Uic uuun aprinc el the expetlltlon, <-rut a nuivonMtl
gtootn on Iba •rmy.aitd ihrvw ii§ ail loht vonalt-rnallon. Oiir moat ii)uit^in«
liopM w^tti i-roppol In tlir bad, mud wv exprct>:<l imni'Httule iird«ni U> prepare
lo more off llie Krunnd. Thto prcr«Dtr<i Ibf briffHic'it UM-viiux. A very bvvy
are froo) the batlnrie* nil day. Itralti dowti lo Die Uaen. Ilail a Doc pcoapMt
of lbs tnetni's llnu. Kaw all our »bot strike whltli w«r« waII dircebod. Onu
man killwl bj a cannoa ball at ooe of our guns,— anotli«r dlod t^ xbe wound
hp rcc*lvi^ y<tiit«nl»y by tlip bunting of a »lt*ll. A groat number of nhclls
Ihrown In i)ic nigbt. Our pi-oplc ^plit ou« IK-jiouudcr and oo« t>^ ItKrli taor-
tmr.

" H. Monday. Aa much ol the >i«ary iMtfUpiga inoved off last night aa po«-
alMft, A lH>dy of men ruiraalcd to Blrfingthen the wnrkH at Butts' Hill. Al
Ihn lincm— Itravy Hrw — array prspariag to rt'treat-

" 33, TiieHday. Very h«ary firing — >4hell« nl aight — ordem to he ready to
rrirvotl at a moment's notice.

"M. Wedneiiday. Especti^ lo ri.-treal al <i, tliU morning. Brigada
pan»d«d— wot alloor baggttgeoR the island ~ extnato bot. But rumalued
on tltv grotiuil. Concludml lo Ml out mynett for Connecticut, ('aiiie off tlie
Island at 4 P. M. CrOHac«l Bflalui f«rry. Bode to rrovUlcnco, and lodged
■bout a mile out of town."

Tm SOCIBTt OP Tap. cntOINSATI. — AN KRIIUH IN lll«TO»r
(.-01UtlH-tKl».

This .Sueivlv, of wliicb Wiuliiuglou wai> Ibe flret President, was
QrgnDit<»I iu Ai>ri], 17tj3. Stale Miodetiea wuro fdrnicd tlw Mtmc
ye»r. For rcuotts not ocwwary hero to cotwidcr, the Parent and
SUh' .Soriclios wi'Pi' bUlcrly nssailwrl lij- mt'ii |iriirniijfiil in public
affnirfi and hI' mmmmiiliti<,' inlliiviK-is «lii> predicted llie dirvat cuuw-
()Ul'IH»!I froiu ihftr cxlsteuce. Tbo uvwspupen* "f (lie diir, with few
i!xw|rtiun«, gave ciirrvnry to llieiie lioMilu iculimentji, while fnittluHH
effon* wero made to ahlnin their siipprcitfion hy K-giiOAlivc urtiou.
Willi a b«UHr midersift tiding of the design and npiril of ihe C'luciji-
miii, lite liuslililr 9o strongly displayed gradually di»Hpl«ar«l. k

been ic auv wi,*. -■ iia2*e^Hx» ii :.•- toit-.. zjisrr:. mx. amisr=- of lie
UuioE," «iic I'aaz ivyi^-^'l ix^ir r^ti-rrsa azt Mus'twasK »iae- la^
have, with Iik ii^iluiv-. eaJ ri *?T«j'a». *^c±M»»rt- Ii. IK iituilK

Hevulutiot t>v-:iH t'r^ i' W (*-," :at-> > su: ^— ^•3bH'«- «a,fcf»ffc -nio-
iup i*» Rmnk- IsiMud. » ui,*L •.; fc- p~i'iv- *f^. ;. r»T-*«, 1; &. ib«:
"Rbo^ l*i«iui iiis:"ii:K'ii.-«eHl *ii.-z iv »i— ■t:ij»ir- •?■ »p?^ immimTT
of ibo (.^nlcr." Wbt'iix— tii^- s::i:-. n*-.:. s> t»*c^ o"'— a T»-«irTui
CK«1 tu tiif Hisi.i-Ti , i^kTi. T-na: :;-. 3^.!_*vSls :.» - f ■■■-jniML"? Jttir-
dhU" April i>, ITm. • iii.-: A.-v-i^ -• * -. .r,:»- -.i*,- :Be >:ah re dtnde
lelitud is (iflcniiiiKv !.^ .itsr-j-iirur^ »t ' »i:v :'v--- icf^ia. «m i» •
meiuWr of tin- ».>\Wt t-:' :ik l :!»,-:::'ai.:-. ii:'il -^'Mrr uaeir iann»liit
of ImWiuiT «IM I'.'s; 1-: i>.'i'.*r .-.n- :-u< i;i»ii"- Tte r..\i-- smnc" i«e»

iv«»r^, «iiJ (>;' ".in U:<.vk l-viv : ,L :•; •■siw.wr^ ;»:' !7SS kbc 17?4.

auUittrist'^ Q>«' t.> s*;* ;iiK; ;■-, :;:f^r .-.: -.i"^ sa-iiiDfr-:* s? ^cKawd hr
f»rts. TIk- Giiii--^; A^s^ :::;■-■'. . s. >.- k> -it* T^-.-sv^ai- sjk-w. aera-
" drtrnuhit-il "' i.^ *;:>:'-*i>.- :S4 »; ■» ,■ 1-,- ,-i;:j!i» j.c tit*- re**»a «t

nils evor iitu-iu}t:(^. NiiuiVrs .n:" ::< ii>-*i: ^5s:ii^i#ii*«c ^lex Ja. ike
Sute. who wvri- tth'i«lvr> .»;' ;ix- S.*-?.-:* .«;" lit. CinrniBaii- i«> tW
cKww of ihfir Ihi-s, ItfW iiu:vw-:»-.:: rvlC->- iJ&."«^ Ro: t »* D«dleae
tu pursin? llu> Mil'iiv: I'tiri'nr, V^v •\;*.vr»;<- »tsi"<s 7C- Kara more
of ibf IVu-iit Stx-ii-rv s;m < !" i:;. Ki-^-^^" I*iAT>.A i»ssvx"ifcie. is r»*erprd
to the *' Moiiu.it> A i!ii- H:s;on.-;<"i S.x!v:v ,-• IV^T^fvS^'-a.'" V<4-
uiiie VL. aiiJ l.> iIk- ovlwMsli^c !:i»;or\ i>:" :Sc Rivvii I?^T»d Socirtr
by Miijor As* BiM llsrvhicr, IX, O,, l'-^;U>i S;*Sf# *raiy.

THE svKitn v>»' iu»; -."ixciNNxn in FR-KXCX.

As the rr«.Mii'Ii «ii\iU.trv frnvs Iwvi Vft the rni:«J Saa«s before
the iQslituiiou of tliv Ot\ior. Ot.":ion»l \Vas4uUj:tv»a. *s IVwsiJent-GeD-
eral, OQ ib« ^'Jih of CK'tol>cr. IT^, wivt« to L« Comte de Bocliam-

«KM WKXSKM *B^rpff SOU

«&£. ttiL cfis' QCrit uT EMtARimiMir. astnsmuzwf cliuu IM di» Kmiiosr 4^
T«r- til. iitt raii£ iittthm- iie- £1115,

•OtL die ItltiL uf ±111: auuidt- ILtiu* XTH- mi tft* nuwc fflifWriiM^

juts wi» liluiwttt 31 ^vtar ^tti^ :iimii^ -i&amrxinn. •acfx^ Dli» eBMRlb'

;iil. 3iB ^niimr gipriiJHaiiiL-

ITiar jfimdnirTr ^pmKiiuk: -v'uim utiiBliatfc aij di«^ yMWummt -v/f mem*-
Ii*tmuti uiiuctii'iiitt-'tiBiiiiKuiiu- .itiiii:li& .pufMC -oMpffiMst \w>» miib-
JtMShrt. 11 ittuw iiH mcuiiiniR nuiiiilKtdftnifc

J^iilit^ due: LnraoMKti liter uuuunhMt jJuunniMR 1^ riinr 'flMSimdnik.
3>iiiiiik. rliac x ww- :iir- :v«utatiillt- -wtntim in. :« .^nac ranaK,. ,ii«j|U>tiw
u5 viinh .lonKiiMtm'itui jidt^nenri^ jianMiiuti.

ITie oignjri. jmniiMffwiiiii Trifc iI^h iwvwnMrTlu ,Itmtt*ti flf j wwr .olut'
iaiii dniB- ^nrixTiBKadl- imC ■niumiueuU'' «i. -thBiimt: v/t ^tagtiuuKomum
■Miimlmi. -a ijiit Tjuatseaim- u* :!)«: laut si^«- ^vtiiiO-'Wi* :ti« ibiagiiMi
■IT -iuflirian.

Tie ^rrsmar mn vnt- -iiiiin :n 'Iik fsosnitiadnn it* mnllmmifc. nM:

3U OML.-EVSL dlf?- WVTMr tUUM 'U V<*M9*- tw. TV(fllMU« ^fUUlttnitiiuUI;,.

-fn» Mnnuutt imii tie £111^ iwt hmunlr «^tiKt lur mmruvit..

Hje 4Mr»er n- 'lir-'L'ii*?ini«i- n ^'■mins )««iaie.'tirft4}in<!:;..ifiR u!
"be noBT. ditin^nutiM Mai. ■sk^tuitv* I'jmKn- .n. Sutnge,- nvt vun^
^^TiM. n. tse itoBr nanr o^ -tie vmroMl i?"i>ne:i DbsRL.

y^'"- rfW -^■"" vti:M«».» :-^ awn -pr7 jMnUar «: 'tie't.(nrr u*
^«nniU»L. am., mantr a'- tie 'Homer ?<T?mi. 3afc>Uiv« hhI MMKifvLU
ae'ii; lie attaxtftrBaa *na- iimaiir' 'sx-tautvttr wndwcL-u lii*' ^aaoi-

-fe. •TFas- «!»• t» Ksne riur mimtmvTUHu tiai: » .ja«: at- Snttmmr^:

-■■ri,p^ii nMt-mfleij«'J>«»nu3^iweMaiMmaH*HiMMiwaemK

l~i*ii.. BL. k HMTueiitL dt- £uewcnihnu^ ?>eaitk!ic tr tiR- F?ifst*L ?ttMit

iMuuw a!' fieitcM) wiif' iw£ -tcrcvc n. ^bt JHU — JLaaDKT' taxrr-l" Mud
werf tMusidenc It jMaiiet- ZUc UKtaaHrr oaui&aDiiiiiit.

Tiw 'fine meAiiir «f Hit Cfcvtc ii Trmaet w ikiac a fic^ m. iW
TtL u'' Jhuubtv. 1~*^.

Iv sli UK niinciuenu- uf ^Jm- Siaie(-4!^*«iM!nL n:' Z/rfi'. hwsf^ im-
eHiaidiBhiDeui uf etnucincioiiMl fiwenmeic tim FTVina. Cnirmnaxi
werv cuut^ucoooH.

Hie aiTva <c kbe Ki&£ uic xbi: iiiuirir-ariiu. re um tviti. (C ler-
rur ptn an toid it' iIh- mtviius^ nf lix- C*rdtr. uid. ■? utc- mfanlicn-

deveeuL. uid a^ios: ubirfc iefisliibia: was lakiik. xtx-^ -wr^ iarvri w
tuui^mitt. or wttre imnri^MiDpd or rn3koiN^. — mH} Tvt nr sbrre ii«T-
in* bv«] able i(> rvUUL ilM-ir ;dacv> in Tbr ancj- nr ut^.

Tbf rwpord uf nrtrina] TiwjDi<«^ it Fr»nf» sbo»^ tiiai nearer all in
tbe miiharv nerticf rts<t* ic In reaerju iiffirrrj : vliDe of ibojv in tbe
navT, a lar^- DinDlvr wa? jirmuotcd tmn the ^radt- of C-^uuunr 6e
VaisMan lo W C'hefe d'Eat-adrv. Rear w >"i«' AdmiraK and a frw
to the QDU9ua] diriiiiT of Admirml.* «

On papep ^0i■^-,^^^* i# a di-scripliou oi' tJw «*)phr«rk»n of ihe hinh of
the DaupliiQ. pnnided bv ttn* Frcitch niintittor. M . I^irome. at which
WashiogtOD and RiH-hatiilit'tiu were prosl*. iVvr xhe life of ihi?
heir to tlie Fprnch ihnnw it rtond tti inyslt^ri- hai^rs. Oii the one
baud, it is affimit'd tliat lie di«>d iii 1 T9A, and on ibo olh*'r that, hi the
age of I*u years, he wrs' (V»iisipiied lii tho I'aTv nf >• Simon, the cob-
bler." a brutHl man rmiding in raris, timW whivM' inhuman Irwtt-
mvDt he became idiotic, and in thai condition it-a>- clnndc!>tin.>ly cai^

• Begirter of the So<4f ty of ihc t'titdtiMll (n Mm- n\mlf nf Hh<Mti- t»hnHl ami l^wMfaoe

PluutiotM, 1783-180, bj Aw Bird itardnN,!.).. IV,. t«iV* a<It^w«I«' Vm\r** SMmuM^.
A Intuit SecretWT.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. XXIU

ried to America, and placed in the cnre of an Indian family at
Cauglinawaga, N. Y. ; that at about t)ie age of thirteen or fourteeu
years he recovered liis reason ; that he wascducated for the ministry ;
that H missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church to the Indians,
known as the Rev. Eleftzer Williams, was none other than the son of
Louis XVI. ; that the Indian woman, his reputed mother, did not
acknowledge him to be lier child ; that he had none of the character-
istics of an ]ndian ; that he closely resembled Ix>nis XVIII.; that
in nhildhood, boxes of clothing an! medals of Louis XVI. and Marie
Antoinette were luft with him ; that various marks on his body cor-
responded exactly with those known to have been on the body of the
Dauphin; that Belanger, in 1848, confessed, when dying, that he
brought the Dauphin to this country ; and much more of this sort ;
that, in 1818, at a dinner party given in New York, the French
Minister, Genet, said, "the Dauphin of France is not dead, but
was brought to America"; that the first knowledge Mr. Wil-
liams had of his royal descent was received from ihe Prince de Join-
ville, by whom he wns visited, in 1841, for the purpose of obtaining,
for a princely consideration, " a solemn abdication of the throne of
France in favor of I^uis Philippe,'* then King of the French, which
proposition, much to tlie chagrin of the Prince, Mr. Williams
declined. Mr, Williams does not appear to have been elated with
this assurance of his royal parentage, nor did he ever take steps to
assert his claim to the throne. In " Putnam's Magazine " for Feb-
ruary, 1853, under the head, " Have we a Bourbon among ns?"
this remarkable story is told in detail by the Rev. John H. Hanson,
with an introduction by the late Rev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks, of
New York. Of the merits of its claim to an aflirmative belief, the
reader will judge.

THE YORKTOWN CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION.

It will be seen (pages 537-568) that considerable space has been
given to an account of this commemoration, in which Rhode Island

XXIT

FVXF^CX

Wi-; it-t-^-ii: »: V. »-«.-. » : Jinr^ :"h! t-ia-s irrG^-o-?^ u»£ ik««£ sit
»? WY-i ** lis iirr>vT.: *:-4.-\«oo ;<ir^ •fc;^ r-v^a a. ^ oissiB-

J .■lr■,',"v^■7^"^^■s■ |; «*>*■ .■\\ «■>*-'•. i'-\*.-i ■,; ■•••y N'..-<t-.; irinx*

«\.i. >.■.< I.«,«.vs — .k.- s*~— ••-

OUE FBEXCU ALLIES. XSV

Al-THORITIKS.

Id coUecting materials for this volume, I Imvo hv»» many ytmn
engaged. Xot le88 than two hundred printed author it ivn, iii('hitliii;(
the publications of twenty French officers in the army tuid iiHvy wlio
participated in the American Revolution, have Ihh'u plactMl within
my reach. By the cordial permission of Henry V. A. JohUii, Kiuit
the Providence City Clerk, I have made a careful exumination of the
proceedings of the town and of the town council during the entire war.
An exaroinalioQ of the Fawtucket (North Providence) rewmlo liiui
alto been made. By similar cordial permixHionH of the Khotle iNland
State Executive Department, the Rhode lalaml IliHtitrical Society, the
Ma.asachu9ett9 Historical Society, the American Anti<|UArian Society,
the New England Hintoric-Genealogical Society, tlie New York His-
torical Society, the PenDDylrania Historical Society, artd the J'ruMi-
dent aod Librmriao of Vale College, I have t*een made ac4|uaiutc(I
with the numoscripts in their retipective arehiveD, i>earing upr^n my
line of inquiry, besides which I have had the um: of a largir number
of nDpabUsbet] diaries and tKher family pspers of tlie K<!Volutiouary
period. Bot BTfCwkhManiiii^ tbU wide ncr«pK, aitd with uiiwiMirie«l
emieavor u> be thf^mzh. I dr> tKit aif^iime tlmt tit*; fusU) iuu> been
exhau.'ftriL I bav« frfyb^rffrird Ur \it: a^Turat*; in my rmrrativf. but
will wA t^ifma(Ut»Ilj aifino tbal no «;rTor in iitM.tHW*:iii '^n ht: fouud.
It bar \0rr:i an- ai^ l>> 4>i Wwjrabk juHi'^ t/t tit*r inialiiabl'^ M;rvi<.-ei-
of "One FcrvH AxjJtw.'' awi u» fi pr^mtrut tb* »iilU;nt points in
the tu><ese3> '^ tbr^ I4a»j if^/fi*. aod tl>*: itetKiti of th>: SlitU:
ambormefe. m* Vj *%JAk. uwtxr mnaaal fatrvAMu in tiiuei- of tit*;
grea&esi *:mKST'rvrT. 1: lii* I brif«t I ba»«r «*^*fcd«*l. I u»:e<l •jIi\'-
a<ld tine s. fcw-tjhig ^ ««H9«^^ '^. KJw^ L>4Hbd. itw] ul.-'. n.
^Ter^ X tw iM^iffn^Mur:^ «wS»rW». I i^tf. luwk ins*: u.tf. ot Ui.

nil

mzrAiTE.

Tin- d«(«Ilni£ i>i>n-*( iC 1 .V«:<-; Cv-ix- -v,x^ -e lb* ^•atbt*^ (^■CDer

>l.»rt..r., .Vn>f--i."7i' M ; .■^■. - - 5"'».-i^ ■• :». :.-.-t*i-- >:;■.' :- M. *\ri-\v,

lVvsj.ii*ri; .^t :r-, V-\ rw K. .^-.S •- V' r^ «■*> .V-'v *: (.r. jiuilh^KV

1 1' ri iHiNMv ij(\ .V. « ill. ;■■>,■•. iS -N ■><.•.■">.. N'v , ».t.v' ,, -• fc- 1 .S(»,c^\ .
■*r\. lo iN'-jviHT^r.- il>. ^!-.Vv vv'":. .x-v"^,; !v».i-' K'^tln nzid

rf.

.->

^-r.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

I'OKTRAITS.

AilatuK, John Qiiincy, (steel jilatt^)

Allen, Za<-hariali, (hU>p1 {ilAt«,).

Arnulil, <i«iieral Beneilict, ((rlwtrotjpc.)

Artbiir. Prtisiilent Chester A., (hU'pI jilnte,)

Andre, Miijur John,

Anthony, Hon. Ilunry R., (steel pliite,) .

Ahlrieh, Hon. NelHon W., (Ht«ol plate,}

Bowen, Depnty-Governur Jal>ez, (HSIhuunltr,

Barnui, VU'c-Ailiniral,

Cralk, Dr. Jaine^, (ftjlhonettc,) .

Giistine, Ic Comte <le,

Chautclhix, le Couite tie,

Cornwallis, General Lord, .

Chowy, General,

Dearborn, Colonel Henry, .

D'E-staing, Vice- Admiral,

Doyle, Hon. Thoiuaa A., (steel plate,)

Drowno, Captain William,

Drowne, Dr. Solomon, (wti-cl plate,)

Drowne Henry Thayer, (steel plate,)

Dumas, Count de, ,

Dc GroHse, Ic Comte, .

Denx-Ponts, Count William dc,

Eames, Hod. Benjamin T., (sterl plate,) .

Fcrsen, Count, {steel plati-,)

Franklin, Benjamin, (9t«el plate,)

Garfield, President James A., (stocl plat«,)

Glover, General John, (phot<>-lifh(i(;raph from litliopjaph,)

Gates, General Horatio,

Greene, General Nathanael, (steel plate,)

Greene, Colonel Christopher, (steel plate,)

.■520

r>az

22
549
2>M

:hs

.142
244
?81
100
225
22li
4(»
40H
4fi0
«7

r.79

279

.T20

;i3]

aiKi, .'198

4;h

»4li
40!l
.Ml>
.^46
130
132
496
384

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

XXIX

HISTORIC BUILniNGS, &r-

Brick Hoiisn, Noa. .VIZ ami .1*1 Nortli Main struift,

" Brimllvy Hoiise," utid Battlc-flelil,

Bri<:k HoiiHc, near Snim Point, .

BatUTiea of Light Artillery,

Continental Currency, upeeimcn of,

Calouiul Cnrrency, npeciiuen of, .

City Hall, Provideneo, ....

KlBR-Ship " Ville de Paris,"

Hancock Mansion, Boston,

Home of Depnty-Governor Jal>ez Bnwcn,

Hacker's Hall, ....

High School, Providence, ....

Lafayette, baa-relief pf, ...

Library Building, Brown University,

LilRTty Tree, Providence,

Moore's House, near Vorktown, Va.,

Narragansett Hotel, Providence,

Nelson Mansion, Yorktown, Va..

Ulney Homestead, ....

Rliuile Island CoUe^^e, (hospital,)

State House, Newport, (hospital,)

Surrender of Cornwallis, ban relief,

Trinity Chiircli, Newjiort,

Vernon Mansion, Newport,

Vernon Arms, .....

Wanton Mansion, Newport,

Webb Mansion, Wethers field, Conn.,

Washington Ring, .....

Yorktown Monument, ....

31

324

fi7

58

.■Ml

lit

247
252

mi

520
.V$3
.■><H>
4(>ri

nso

428
444
196
218
477
33B
22!)
230
2(52
39;i
518
544

AUTOGRAPHS.

Angell, Colonel Israel,

Arnold, General Benedict.

Andr<^, Major John,

Barras, Vice-Admiral, .

Btfville, M. de, Quartermaiiter-General ,

Bowen, Colonel Ephraiui,

Bowen, Deputy-Governor Jalfez,

Cooke, Governor Nicholas,

4:t»

22
2110

:m, vm, fXNi
.wo

147

240, 450

4S

XXX

AUTOGBAPHS.

Cnrnoll, Goneral Ezekiel, .

m

Cornwallifl, Lord,

4^,468,482

Criiik, Dr. James, .

190

Gliantellux, 1e Coiiite i1«,

226, .W3

CIioiRy, General Lewis Etliis,

408

t>'E»ttain(;, Vice-Admiral,

99

Do Grasae, Admiral,

396

De Ternay, Admiral,

603

Doonellan, Thoin&H,

117

Drowtie, Captain William,

279

De Prctr, Major, -

328

Dela Touclie, Captain,

4U

Dumas, Count de,

331,603

Duportail, Chevalier Lewis LebeRiir,

40!)

Foster, Theodore,

. . 116

Glover, General John,

91, 130

Gates, General Horatio,

114, 132

Greene, Governor William,

158

Hancock, Governor John,

78

Halsey, Thomas L.,

250

Heath, General William,

19,l!M,ti02

Howe, Sir William,

.■505

King, Dr. David, -

347

Knox, General Henry, ,

410

Lafayette, Marquis de.

443, 605, 614

Levy, v., .

57

Luxerne, M. de la, .

170,605

Malmedy, General,

36

Nelson, Governor Thomas,

. 426

Noaillcs, Count de,

465

Olney, Captain Stephen,

440

Olney, Colonel Jeremiah,

449

Peek, Solomon,

001

Uochambean, General le Comte de,

201, 20(i, 20K, Hm, .502. rtl2, 001, (Ktt

Rush, Dr. Benjamin,

mi

Silly, M. de, Lieutenant,

008

Spencer, General Joseph,

49

Sullivan, General John.

117

Symonds, Captniu Thoiuas,

468

Tnimbull, Governor Jonathan,

149

Taric, Commissary M. de.

217, 21!", 501

Tilghman, Colonel Tench, .

491

ore FSZXCH *irnB^ rxxi

Vmmam,G*mtnlJa^t»M^ .... M

Vernon. Wiltiaa. ....,., *3J

Wud, Secntarr Hcair. ..... S»

WMhingtoB, G«Mssl G«ocip. 4J. fT. Q4. JKT. «». «H

SOSCfLLAXBOCS ILUTSTRATIOSS^
Be»con on Procpcct Hill. ...... M

BUskowitz'f Topognphknl Chan of ^">mc»»"'" Bmt. 'WvtiitM of. ^

Battle Map. fK. I..t ...... M*

Cannon pr«9eated to G«n«nl Natbasa^l Grc«*e. WH

CornTallis. Locd. Ajks of. ..... -DM

EHagnm of Freseb EngMtanint, Xorth Pronfean. 3IT

Fon on ProH>«r( HOI, ...... H

French Heajqoaiten' Tent. ..... 310

Flag of Second Bbode IslMd Beeineai at Torfctowa. 1711. 43

Flag I British j taken at TorittowB, ..... <73

Oranite stab over the gnn of AdBtiral be TenaT. :U3

lodiao I>anc«. , .251

Inriution to balla, ..... St, 3K, Stl

Lewis' Map of part of Bbode Island. . . m

Ij^nding of French TitK^M at Xewpovt. .... 30S

Moral Tablet to Admiral De Temar. . Mt

Pass to Sheriff John BeTcrtr. ..... 3W

Plan of Siege of Torfctown. . .IS*

Retreat from Bbode Island, ..... 110

Rochamheaa <SUver> Spoon, ..... iVl

Bo-hambean Walch. ...... 244

Bochambeaa Sword, exchanged with General Xaihan Miller, 315

Sahtn. CsHar. discharge of, .... . )C

Sword of General Jamea M. Vamnm, . M

Sword and PMoU belongiiig to C<rfonei Ephraim Bowen, I4»

Sword of Lafajette, . .173

Ship " General Washington," ..... t!T6

Sorrer of French Encantpmeni. Xorth Providence, . 310

Sword of Colonel Christopher Greene, . . . 3M

Sword ot Colonel Jeremiah OIne;, .449

Surrender of Cornwallis, (Trmnboll,) .... 478

PART I.

PRELIMINARY EVENTS.

.JTTO one who rends the history of lUiode Isliind in its
^^> documents Jind well authenticated traditions can fail
to jierccivc traits inherent in its found<T. Before and snb-
scqiiently to the granting of the Cliartor of l()43-4 by the
home government, which imitcd the three colonies as "The
Incorporation of Providence Plantations in the Narragansett
Bay in New England," the people evinced loyalty to the
mother country. But while loyal they were independent.
They understood their rights, and were prompt in resisting
encroachment upon them. Indeed, they were a people who
believed they were capable of t;iking care of themselves, who
chose to manage their affairs in their own way, and %vho
asked no aid from the Throne other than the protection in
their prerogatives that would secuie them from unauthorized
foreign molestation. Yet they honored the King. They
respected the government, whether a monarchy or a com-
monwealth, and the tone of individual and legislative expres-
sion was in accordance with this spirit. It was only when
the English Parliament passed measures so oppressive to the
American colonies, and attenii>ted to enforce them, or the
minions of the government made themselves oppressive to
the people Ity annoying and irritating conduct, that attach-
ment to King and Parliament gradually weakened. The

2 RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

temper of the colony for si senes of ycsirs was trutlifiilly
exhil>itcd in firinjr upon the jirnied schooner St. John ; in the
pi-otosts agahist the ".Molussea Act," the "Stamp Act," Ihe
tax on tea, and refusal to use it ; the lejrend ()n an extra
issue of tlie Providence Gazette, of " Vox Populi Vox
Dei," and " W/iere (he Sj>lrit of the Lord is there i.'* Lih-
i-i'fij " ; the bontirc of tea juid the Royal Anns in Providence ;
tlio hanging, in effigy, in Newport, of the Attorney General
and two stamp officers ; and the seizure of cannon on "Fort
Island," with (he avoM'cd ]inrj)osc of using them in self
defence, if necessary.

The rc(^klessncss of the Parlijinient, and the ftdly of Lord
North, notwitlistandiui: the warnings of far-seeing states-
men, hastened events that issued in ii tinal separation of the
colonics from tlic mother country ; and, as for Ithodc Island,
tlic exaspeniting course jiursucd hy Ijicutenant William
Dudingston, in the (iaspee ; and later, of Sir Jiimes AVal-
hurc, Captain of the frigate; Hose, together with other excit-
ing causes, severed tlic ties of aHection, aroused a defiant
spirit, an<I prepared tlic puhlic niiiul to join heartily with
the other colonies in ahjuring "all allegiance to the llritisli
crown," and to "solemnly puhlish and declare that these
united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and inde-
pendent States." Such was the growing tenij)er of Ithodc
Island up to the oi)ciiing of the year 177;').

The Gaspcc, before referred to, was a revenue vessel of
eight guns. Her commander had n()t only been unnecessa-
rily annoying in the performance of his official duties, but
hiid jussnmed an uncourteons attitude towards (iovcrnor
Wanton. On the !Hh of June, 1772, in giving chase to :i
packet for Providence, commanded by Captain Ilenjamin
Lindsay, he grounded on Namquit P{)int, (afterwards called
Gaspee Point,) about seven miles below the town, and the
tide being on ebl), could not get off. Captain Lindsay
carried the news to Providence. That same night the Gas-
pee was attsicked and btn-ned by a body of volunteers, in

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 3

eight long boats, comuiiinded hy Abriiliam "Whipple. Lieu-
tenant Dudiiigrttoii wns severely woiuuled.

The l)oats for the expedition, funiished by John Brown, n
prominent niercliant of Providenre, were gathered, before
starting, at Fenner's wharf, nearly opposite the public house
of James Sabin, on South ^litin ^^trcet, where the company
cast bullets and niiide other i)roparalions for the assault.
Conspicuous in this atliiir besides John lirown and Abraham
"\^'hipple wore John 11. Hopkins, sou of Connnodore Esek
Hopkins, Dr. John Afawney, Benjamin Page, Joseith liuck-
lin, Turpin Smith, and Ephraim liowon. A compuny of
boys manned a boat with tlio intention of accompanying the
expedition. Of the number was the late venerable Presi-
dent of the Khodc Island Historical Society, John Howland ;
but he was taken from the boat by his master Ohidding, and
thus, as he says, had "no part in the boast of being of Iho
(iiL-ipee party." AVheihcr his companions carried out their
design does not appear — probably not.

The destruction of the Gaspce stirred greatly the crown
authorities. A reward of £1U0 was otlered for the discovery
and conviction of the perpetrators of the deed; but though
well known to many in Providence, the secret was sacredly
kept, and no arrests were made. The story appeared at the
time in the form of a ballad, attributed to Caittain Swan, of
Itristol, K. I. It is here given as a curious relic of tlic
l)eriod :

'■ 'Twas ill the rclyn of George the Third,
Our public i)eace was much Oisturhcil
By shlpH of wiir, that caint mid laid
U'lUilii our ports, to stop our trade.
Seventeen hundred and seveiitj'-two.
In Newport hnrbur Iny ii erew,
That played the part of pirates thore,
Tlic sons of frei'dom could not bear.
Roim-tinies they weighed and gavu them chase,
Such actions, sure were very base.
No honcHt coaxtcr could pass by
But what they would let some shot fly;

RHODE ISLAND IN THE HEVOLUTION.

And did provoke, to tiigrli degree,

Those true born sons of liberty ;

So timt tlipy could not longer bear

Those sons of Ileliul stnying there.

Bnt 'twas not long 'fore it fell out,

That Williiini Dudlngston, so stout,

Cominnnder of the Gnspeo tender,

Which he has reason to remember.

Because, an people do uHxert,

lie almost Iiiul his just desert;

Here, on the tenth day of lust June,

Betn'lxt the hours of twelve luid one. ^

Did chase the sloop called the Hannah,

Of whom, one Lindsny, wus cominamler.

They dogged her up Providence Sounil,

And there the rascal got aground.

The news of it flew that very dny,

That they on Nani<iult I'oint did lay.

That night, about half after ten

Some Narriigansett Indian men.

Being sixty-four, if I remember.

Which made the stout coxcomb surrender;

And what was best of all their tricks,

They in his breech a Imli did fix ;

Then set the men upon the laud,

And bnrnther up, we understand; -

Which tliliig ])rovoked the King so high

He said those luen stiail surely die;

80 if he could but And them out.

The hangman he'll employ, no doubt;

For he's declared, in his passion,

He'll have them tried n new fashion.

Now, for to And these people out,

King George has offered very stout;

One thousand pounds to llnd out one

That w()unde<l William Dudingston.

One thousand more, he says he'll spare.

For those who say the sheriffs were ;

One thousand more, there doth remain

For to find out the leader's name;

Likewise, live hundred pounds per man

For any one of alt the elan.

But let him try his utmost skill,

I'm apt to think he never will

Find out any of those hearts of gold,

Though he should offer Ufly fold."

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 5

Captain Wallace Tvas even more iinnoying to the com-
merce of the colony than Lieutenant Dudiugston, and his
frequent raids for cattle and other supplies on the towns
bordering the Narragnnsett and Mount Hope Bays, as well
us upon the islands in the former, made him alike dreaded
and hated. In 1775, when Sir James had learned who com-
manded in the attack upon the (laspce, he addressed the
following threatening letter to that brave leader :

" Yoii, Abraham Whipple, on the 10th June, 1772, burned his Mfjesty's
vi'ijsel, the Gospec, and I will hang you at the yard arm,

"James Wali,ack."

To this AVhipple returned the following characteristic
reply :

"To Sill Jamrs Waixacb:
" Sir: — Always catch a man before you hang him.

"Abraham Wiiipplk."'

In 182G the fiftieth anniversary of American iiulependence
was celebrated in Providence with great spirit. The mili-
tary and civic procession numbered more than one thousand
persons. To the concourse of citizens thronging the streets
a special attraction was an elegant barouche in which rode
the four survivors of the Gaspee exploit in 1772, viz. : Col-
onel EpliRiim Bowen, Colonel John Mawney, Captain Ben-
jamin Page, and Captain Tuqiin Smith. The barouche was
drawn by four white horses, driven by Mr. Horatio Blake,
landlonl of the Franklin House, who volunteered the ser-
vice. Over the heads of these venerable patriots waved a
splendid silk banner, designed and painted for the occasion
by Mr. Samuel J. Bower, of Providence, whose pencil
exhibited the skill of an accomplished artist. Within
wreaths and appropriate devices, bearing the names of the
sm-vivors, the "Gaspee," and tlie date 1772, appears a rep-
resentation of the ill-fated I'essel in flames, with a boat con-

tl RHODE ISLAND IS THE REVOLUTION.

Iiiiiiing a minihcr of tlic during assailants rowing from the
Imrriinjr "reek. On tlio reverse are the Arms of Kliode
Island, with llie legend : ''July 4, llHi. In God we Hope.
For LilKTty and Indei>endeni-e. July 4, is2i;." In tho
right hand (-(mier of the obverse jiiettirc is the record Ijy tlie
artist: "Presented to the Commiltee of Arningenients hy
Samiiel J. liowcr, I'inxt." After tlic eelehration the ("oni-
mittcc presented it to the llhode Lshnid Historical Society,
in whose cabinet it is stilt preserved.*

Till-; BALL BKCLN'S TO KOLL.

ENLISTMENTS. — HOSriTALS. — ARM V OV OUSERVATION. — EM-
nrtVO OF THE AMKltlCAX NAVY. — FEMALE PATRIOTISM.—
SOLIHEUS' UATIONS. — CorXCIL OF WAR.

^^ROM the I!tth of April. 177.7, when the news arrived
fvJj^ that liritish troop.s, nnder Major Pitcairn, had marched
from Boston to I^exington aiid(''oncord,to seize military stores

•Siiinufl J. Il'uvf-r, •'tin iif .lulin mill Hmmr Bowit, wns liorn In J'rfiviik-nui'. I'rinr Id
uiiil after tin' K"''>t Si'iili-iiibrr gii^f in 1^1.1, lie ki|il ii ilry ^vdtU store on C'ht-ii|isidi', Xiirtli
Muiti wlrt'tl. On tlir iiii'nirmil)li; iliiy, h1ii>ii iIic HikhI Ii:ii1 Mii>]it nHiiy till' !»riii)ri' fonncH-
\nf till' I'ust ullil wi'-t jiiili— of tilt' rivpr, lie wun miibli'ii to n'm-li lii-i liomp i>ii riiir alrcH
only !))■ (jnshlnt; up nmnil tlic nortli ^illl■ of tin- Cuvr inul -wiumiinK iutiitis a iiiirriiwiT |>'>r-
llciii of 1 tip imury si renin. Mr. HiiwerV" fiillier nns ill-tiiiBui»ln-il a- ii ciirver in wikmI. Iieing
cim.-'klereil oiic of the most exjifrl In lii» iirufes-inn in llie eoiinlry. Ilii- " Turk'* Uenil,"
U'liicli for many yewr'' Inokei] ilowii witli liercimiiiK flriivity iijKin ]iiis»i'r.- Iiy from its eli-vu-
lion on WliilniiWi'H ISlork, at Ill>> junction of Weslnihisteraml Wcylxi.MM-t street:!, iinti wliiull
WH" subat'iLiently n^iiion-'l iin'l curried to llie Sonlli or WeM, unil a sliitni- of WufliiliBtou,
which >ti)«il ul llie wi-l end of M'liahinjjlon Ilridpe ut Iiiilhi ruiiil, nnd whidl wilS swept
nwny in the September giilt- of Ihlo. were tiieelineii!!' of his hiindinork.

Mr. llower enleri'd llie nrniy In llie war of 1^|■,■, uiid in n in I its loud to Inive lleld ti Mlbor-
(llnnte comiiinnil. lie WHS on hi» nay to New (Irlcim-i al tlic time of llic liiitlle there. He
iiutH<ei|ueully niuri'hed to (ieorgla, where lie o'ltiiineil some exjH'rience [n skirniivldni; witli
tlie Iniliui)!!. Aflerlenving the urmy lie- neiit South, u»<l spent fomr lime In Millnlf'rvjlle
iinil SiLVHitnah. Keturiilnc to I'rovidence, he rnfriij:i>d anew In III- liusine.i.''. which he i>iir-
rued Ht ililTerenC IliiieH on Mui'ket t^c|iiiire, Weyl>os>et Htreel, iiml in the llmnillon unil
till- Dyer IjullUini;!' on We!<tmin*ter street. The ludtr In- cMTiipieil until his ileitlli, whleli
orcurred March 7[li, ISflO.iiI the njre of sixty-three yeiirn. Mr. Jlower wbh liiaiily reiiiierted
In the cuniiEiuuily fur hl> inurul und iiuciiil worth.

OUlt FRENCH ALLIES. I

tliere deposited b}- patriotic coUmists for expected use, until
the clo.se of the wjir of the Kevohitioii, the p;itrioti.sni of Rliode
Ihihind W!i.s iLstir. Matcriiils for the inmiufaetiire of powder
were eollceted, a powdex-mill was built,* magazines were
cstabli.-;hcd, tire ships were procured, a tloating battery was
ordered, obstructiori.s to the approach of the ci i c my "^ ships
were jirovidcd, and oi'diuince was east at Hope Fiirniicct in
Cranston. J

The (Spirit of this period is ilhistnitcd by the fact that
with the exception of a small number of loyalists, neai-ly
every able-I)odied male person in the colony between tlie
apes of sixteen years and sixty, ftu" a lon^rer or shorter
time, bore arm.s. Providence, during thi.s same period,
was literally a military camp, and the street.s were daily
enlivened by thc^ presence of 8()ldiers and the sound of
martial music. The Providence (Jazetle of December l!S,
177.^, says "not n i-hiy passes, Sundays exeei)ted, but some
of the companies are under arms," while Stephen Jenks, of
North Providence, and others skilled in the manufacture of
Jire-arnis, were indu.-jtriously engaged in furnislung muskets
f(»r the approaching time of need.§ Hesides the constnnt

*Or tliiit Mill Caleb Hnrria iva" Rppijiiiltsl ovcrsi'cr.

* Ku'k nnpklni' niiit Jo<{>pli Itronii wi-r^ n]>|iiiiiit('il h Coiiinillli-i' 1ii fro t)irmt|:li l)iv i-ol-
iiiiy iiMil I Id en III 1 11' in ivliat plHrcs il luuy W ul.■l1■^?l^r>- lu iTi-a Imtli'rirs or uiilri'noliiin^iila
for its (liTi'ilfi-.

lA|iril, irr.1, in Uip iliatriliulliiii i>f ^..'i^iil |niiiii(ls of powiliT, mill (lur-iiURrliT jmrl of the
Icuil, liulli'l:' mill flhilH 1ii'li>ii(;iiip 1(1 (lie rolmiy, rriiviilciKV.' nri-lvi-it 14> jnmiuls of powiliT.
3:;r ixiiinihurii'Hil, UIS fllulr'; Ntivjiorl rcfilii'il :w.i piminU of iH.wclir, r.-MiH.umls iif Ifuii,
i:,isri Hint".

ni Aiipiiil.urilic Kunii' yi'ur, llii' GciiituI A^'sfiiilily volcil, " Mini tliis coluiiy will ]mri;lium
all tlic |tiiii)i<iwiliT Ilmt nlinil lie liiiportcil licrc txTori' llii- 1st uf A|iril iii'Xt, ul liip nilf ot
llircv Kliilliiijis, tuwrul iiiuiiry, h jiuiitiil."

In 1770 tliiTi' Hcrt.' I-IA ouinmii ill t)ir .'^Inli-, (INtriliiiliil a.^ fiilliitvi! : Ni'n|iort I'liiiuty, U;
I'mviili-npecuiinty, ^; llristiil ciiiiiity, 15; Ki'iit cutiiity, 17.

{ ChI>Iii1ti Sti'|>h('ii Ji-iik* matiiiriiirliiml inni'krts fur si'vcml nf llii' milillii i.'oiii|iHiiiva of
tilt- ciilciiiy. ni- ri'i'lilcil Iti I'nH'tiK'ki-t. Hi?' Krrat uim-^Inr ninit to Niirtli Truvlili'iirv,
nrrorilinif to tra'llllon, us parly u.- Ifiia. IIi-wii* a iMilous ijiitrkit ntul aiirimiliiciii cliizeti,
prci-UIIng Ht most uf llii- imlilic LitiKliiFtiH mi'i'tlngs ur tliv town. Hi' 'lli-d >iii Siiiiilur, Nor,
ItlMi, IMNI, Iti tlii' Ki-vi'iily-l'iiiirtli yi'ur <if lii- iif;c, Ivitviii;; ii u iilou- ami sixly ili-ncciiiliintii Ici
mourn IiIk ilcpHrtiirv. lie wa..| n kiml liii..t<nn[l, tin [nilii1|;i>iit purcnt, iiiiil an ubli)!lii|; iiHkI>-
txir. Till' wiiluw, till' tiriiliaii. nml nliivrs in dlslrr>.'> ivcro jiartnktr-i or liiri iH'iirvutfnvv.
Ilf Iran a miiii of nun ml jiiitjcini'iil and iuli'^rily. Hi-, iatt hk-kiii-^s was iHirnu witli a calm
n^igtmtlon lo lliriviil of OihI. Uii funeral took iiliirc from ilir iii<'«tiii>!.|iiiUM' on the
Tiii-Hlay after lila deceasp, on wtildi iM-cuiilon a jHTtliiciil itircoumr won dellrrrcd by tbe
U«v. Ur. Ilurlej', of Cambridge, Slaaa. — Sre note in CtHtennial Uiatory of J'aKlucttt.

8

nnODE I8LAKD IK THE KEVOLUTIOS.

enlistment of men to fiil tlie rejrimcnta of ColoueU Lippitt,
OIncy, Kirhmoml, Hilcht'oclt , Criiry, Topliam, <ireeneT
Varnum and Klliott, troops frecjncntly passed through the
town, (sometimes GQtiimpin;r for the nijrht on "Atatthew-
son's Plain,") on their raaa-h to join tlie jirniy inwler the
imm<*<liitte comiuund of Wiishinf^on. The General .Vssom-
bly dirtttc<i the cstalilishni<'nt of Ilospitiils, und Dr. Jona-
than Arnold was nppointcvl " Director and Providetor," Dr.
Isaac Senior, of Xewport, liospilal burgeon, and Pre.
Stephen Wigncron and Joseph Joslin, Keginientid Snrgcons.
Publiu necessities led to taking posscittiion of Khodc Island
Collogo ns early as 1776, to Iw use*! as a Bjimivk and Hos-
pital. Aticrthe liattle on Ithodc l.shiiul the niimhcr in the
hoS]7ital was increased to about one htindi'ed.

In I77S, the late Dr. Levi Wheaton liehl the position of
Hospital Steward, "in point of fact a Surgeon."* George
Stainer was AVai-d Ma.ster: William Temple, Thomas Pig-
gin, and John Stantield, Tendeiv : Sandi Slniner, Mrs.
Darnes, Mi-s. Poltitiger. Air-*. Biiiles, and Snkey Olnej,
J^urses; Samuel Tlinrlicr, Hospital Commissary. Mr.
Thnrhor serve*! about n year, nnd was siu'ceeded by Oltiey
Wiiisor. For a short time Drs. Jackson. Hutchinson,
Hugun, Sweet, Wilson, Hardin inid I'arsons, were Svirgt^ns.
Dr. Peter Tiinier was a Surgeon in Colonel Isnicl .Vngell's
Battalion. Dr. John IWtlett sened as a Surgeon in a
l{liode Isliuid Urigade, luid was, in 1777. a Director of tlio
Rhode. Tsl.-ind Hospital. I>r. M'illiam Whitcridjie altendcd
on sick soldiers at flowhmd's Ferry. Dr. William Chacc
attended on siek and wounded stddiers. Dr. Caleb Fiske,
of &'itnate, performed simitar sen^ices. Dr. Solomon
Drownc. of whctm a more extended notice will Iks found Jn
another i)art of this volume, served as a Sui^eon on boartl
the private sloop^f-war Hope, during a cruise in 1780. He
also served for sevcml years in the same capacity in various
hospitals and regiments.

■CowiU.

^ •

OCB FRENCH ALLIES.

9

There were liotipiluls at itmlul, Warren, Tiverton, and
elsowhpre, liiit no com|>l(!lG list oC surgeons employed in
tlicm Iiiis conic to light.

At an tsiirly (lay, an "Army of ()I»servul)«n " of l.SOO men
was misod, of which, before Juno 1, 1775, more than 1 .000,
bpsirlfs the I'niteJ Train of Artillery with fonr tieM pieces
iiml twelve siege gnn8, liatl joined the Anicri^in iirniy
cuenmpm) at Iloxbnry, near Itoatnn. In 1778 Khodc Islimd
had tive reginieiats in the lieM,and in addition to tiie^e there
were olevt-ti ind»'])endcnt. eharteivd companies ; ainonp them,
the Kcntiph tiimrds, the Kingston Reds, ihc I'awtuxct
Rangers, and the I'rovidcnco eompunies of Cadu(8, Artillery,
and Iitfimtry, ready as minute men for any ^rvJcc required.
Kor was llti:» cxhiltition of jmtriolism confined to men. It
was shared equally (ils in the lute war of the Kehellion) by
wivcB and daughters. They siuin flax and wotd and wove
cloth niid made gnrnienls and knitted &tocking>J for the army
with an enei'gy and a pcr-iistence which only a tnie love of
freedom coidd have inttpired. They took the places of their
hnshiinds luul lirothem on the farm. — jdotighliig, planting,
and harvesting the crops, — and thus helping, in an import-
ant way. the achievement of a Xnlional Life.

For army rations the (ieneral A^seuildy made the follow-
ing allownm-*- : "One pound of l»rea(| ; one pound of beef
or pork; a half-jwuny for vegetables ; half a gill of rico ;
one pint of milk ; one quart of ifccr per day ; and one pint
of niola.s.^es per week. That once a week in^^ead of meat
they have a |>oinid rtf tish, nn ounce of l>ut(.er, and half a
pint of viiu'gjir; Ihat If they have no milk they he allowed
a gill and a half of ri«! per day ; that if the half peruiy per
day for vegciidjies he not sufficient, the Hrig)idier-( lenoral
be em|iowered tii increase the snme to a sufficient allowance ;
au<l that the ('^munissjiry furnish tlicm with the »amc qutui-
lily of soap ns i* allowed by the colony of Massachusetts
Bay to their lri>o|«s." It waj» further provided tiir all [K-rsoos
who entertained soldier» on Uic march, that, " if they bupply

10 RHODE ISL.\KX> IN THE EEVOLITK'K.

Iwt thrve nieals of riciuaU l»efore the troops loave the house
ihey shall l*e allowiM nine penot per meal ; if more than
tfarf« mesiU that they l>e allon^e^i for ihe whole at the rate
of nine sthillin^ jxt week : that in eolJ weather two fienee
yiCT night shall l*e allowed for eaoh <<^<linerV l**doinff: and
that T>t> liijuor he found ihem on the colony"? a<-eouni."

To leave noihinij undone thai woiiKi impart increased effi-
ciency to pwhlir a<-lion a borne Council of War. con>isiin<r of
Governor Nicholas Owke. Dc-j'iny-Govemi^r William Brad-
foni. Stephen Hopkins. Ara^mse Paire. John Fenner. John
IVxler, Jfishua Ba>>ooek. Cromwell (.Tiild. William Grci-ne.
and Henry Ward, Secrt-Tary of State, was apjviinted l"y the
(teneral AssemTOy. and measurv-s were contx-rted "for the
well heing and soturiiy of this >tau-, and lie Uniw^i States
in ffeneral." At different fK-riod* diirinir the war the follow-
ing per<«ons were niemlx-rs vif ihJs C- -until : Ebenezer
Thompsf»n. Daniel CaJuxtne. Chri>to]fher Kllery, Oiristopher
Lippilt. Janie* Arnold. Thomas Romreil, Samuel BaKx>ck,
Gideon Hoxsie. Jolt Conis!*"K-k. tiideon <_"omstofk. Imman-
nel Ca*»e. "niomas Willis. John Vjx^ike. JaT«ez Bowen, Par-
don Gray. Ks<-k Hopkins. John Jf-nekes. John Northnp.
Jonathan J. HaAzard. Jnsjjih Humphrey, TV(^-*c'riod Pearf*.
Panl Mnmford. CAleh Gan^ner. Peter Philli]>s. Xnthan Mil-
ler, Thomas Tillinffhast. AVilliara M'esl. John T. Clarke,
Jowph Stanton, Sylvi-ster Gardner. Eoliert Elliott, William
Ijidd, Beniionin JVuime. Gideon Mumford. Thomas Hnlden.
William Tiu^rarl. and Jeremiah Clarke. At first, nine shil-
lings, law fill money, w en- alkiwed for each dny's utiendance.
to memW-rs residing onl f.f Providenc-e, and six shilling*! to
members ro^iding in town. In ]7>i] the compensation was
incrpAsed to fifteen shillings ywr day.

At the beginning of the war the confederation was dcsti-
tnte of a nnyy, and although yirivat^wrs were industrions in
their m(Kie of warfare, this desritmion was severely folt.
Tlhode Island l^ogan the work of supplying this nped. Two
vessels, the AVnshington and the Kuty, were equipped and

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 11

placed in command of Abraham AVhippIe, with the title of
Commodore. Subsequently the number of vessels was
increased, which may be regarded as the embryo of the
American Navy, commanded by Esek Hopkins, who had
been a Brigadier-Genei-al, while Whipple continued in com-
mand as Captain of the frigate Columbus. The exploits of
Commodore Hopkins at Nassau and elsewhere, gained for
him among the enemy the reputation of a brave and ener-
getic officer, greatly to be feared. A poet of the day repre-
sents Neptune as being disturbed while he lay

"111 dalliance soft and anxious play,"

with his favorite goddess, and directing the winds to go forth
and make known who dared to shake his coral throne and
fill his realm with smoke. The winds obeyed, and having
witnessed a battle —

" Amazed they fly and tell their Chief
That How ia ruined past rellur,
And Hopkins conquering rode.
* Hopkins ! ' said Neptune, ' who Is he
That dares usurp this power at sea,
And thus insnlt a God?'
The Winds reply : ' Id distant Land
A Congress sits whose martial Bands
Defy all Britain's force.
And when their floating castles Roll
From sea to sen, from Pole to Pole,
Hopkins directs their course.
And when their Winged Bullets fly
To reeufttate their Liberty,
Or scourge oppressive Bunds,
Then Gallant Hopkins, culinly Great,
Tho' Death and Carnage round him wait,
Performs their dread command.'"

The result is that Neptune, in amazement, resigns his Tri-
dent and Crown to Congress, and says, aa

*'A tribute due to such renown,
These Gods shall rule for me."

12

ItnODB ISLAND IN THE BEVOIXTIOS.

Esek Ilopkiua, »au of William and Kuth Willduson Hop-
kins, and lirnlhcr of Uovcninr .Stephen Ilnpkin.s, was bora
in Scitiinto, R. I., April 2C, 1718. lie wn« in youlh lii-ed
a farmt-r. 1ml occasional visiU to Provideufo, wIk'il* lie saw-
ships and sailonn, awakened a desire to plough the son, which
he did for several yeai-g. Tlie primary lessons in scaman-
sthip Uiiia taken ])rovud of grejil lietTice to him in t^nbdetpient
years. It was while so enwai^^d thiit he saw the pcniieious
effects upon sailors of the prevalent piactice of using "grog"
at eleven o'eloek in tlic forenoon, and fonr o'clock in the
ntteniunii, a custom be ahjuix^d, and during his long lifo
totally abstained from the use of intoxicating liipioi-s a& a
bevenige.

On XorcmUer 2>i, 174fi, "Mr. Hopkins married Desire J.
B«rro!i<;fhs, of Nc^vport, by whom ho had four children. —
John H., Heart, AbigijII, and Samuel. About 1751 be
removed to Providence, where he took i)ai't in public affairs,
and frcijuently represcnletl the town in the fJeneivd Assem-
\)\y. He nfVervvards settled in \orth Pn>vldence. At the
(jpening of the Revolnlioii he sided, as already seen, with
the sons of freedom. Uy (iovernor L'ooke he was eomiuis-
eioncd a» Brigadiei"-Gencra] in command of mx himdred
men. In 177.1 Congress a])poiuled him ('ommander-in-t'liicf
of a navy then to ho croiifed, and which he did miieh to
create.

In Febnuiry, 177G, Commodore Hopkins with a fleet of
eight vessels sailed on a sneecssfnl expedition against New
Provideuee. The forts at Xawaii were taken, and all the
cannon and military stores brought invay. Tliese consisted
of eighty-eight cannon, fifteen mort^irs, fi\'e thousand four
bundled and tifty-eight shell, and upwards of eleven thou-
sand round shot. On his return thiilv-six of ihese ciumon
were landed at New London for the defence of that place,
twenty-six of which were subfie(|Uently transferred to .\cw-
iwrt for tlic same ptu-pose, greatly to the joy of the inhabit-
ant*. Twenty of these wei"e ordered by Cougresa to be

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 13

sent to Philadelphia, but upon a spirited remonstninec by a
committee of the General Assembly being made, showing
the great danger from the enemy to which Xewix>rt was
exposed, the order was modified to six Trom Xew|H>rt and
fourteen from Xew London. AVhen off Block Island, on his
retum voyage, he fell in with and captured the British
sloop Hawke and the bomb brig Boltou, both well provided
■with ammunition and stores. For this act the President of
Congress complimented him officially.

Two days after these captures, the Alfred, (the flag ship,)
the Cabot, Captain John B. Hopkins, and the Columbus,
Captain Abniham AVhipple, attacked, unsuccessfully, the
British ship Glasgow, of twenty-nine guns and one hundred
and fifty men. For this failure, arising from imavoidable
causes, both the Commodore and Captain Whipple were
censured. The latter, justly indignant, demanded a court-
martial , which was not called. With a better understanding
of the affair, the President of Congress addressed a letter to
Commodore Hopkins, saying: "Though it is to be regretted
that the Glasgow Man-of-War made her escape, j-et, as it
was not through any misconduct, the praise due to you and
the other officers is undoubtedly the same."

When the Warren and the Providence were built Commo-
dore Hopkins was appointed to the command of the former.
The committee appointed by Congress, under whose super-
vision these vessels were built, consisted of Kicholas Cooke,
Nicholas Brown, Joseph Russell, Joseph Brown, John
Brown, John Smith, William Kussell, Daniel Tillinghast,
John Innes Clarke, Joseph Nightingale, Jabez Bowen, and
Rufus Hopkins, all of Pro\idence. The master-cari>enter of
the Warren was Benjamin Tallman, and of the Providence,
Sylvester Bowers. Mr. Tallman was born in Portsmouth,
R- 1., in the year 1741. He established himself in Provi-
dence as a ship-builder, and was regarded as one of the
niost skilful naval architects of his time. He built about
one hundred sail of merchant vessels, some of them of the

u

RHODK ULAKD » TllK KEVOLtTJOX.

Iwymt cUuiof j4jt|M (Vfurimctcd En IboM days. Two of thrm,
Um Aiiii hikJ Itui IIo|M% owned hy Broun and Ivr^, aad tlitr
(iwirtpT H'«ttbin;r1^iii, ownnl l>y Jittm Itruvrn, atluined ■ di»-
Uugui»lu-4 n\tulaiitm. Mr. TkIIiuuii tuok au active pgirt in
liie wtir of iUt! llfvoliiliiMi, aiui hiu-4-(*>Mirely held the mnk of
Mnjur, lAfuti'naitt-C*AotnA, dik] (Colonel. ^Miiltr «enin}; in
CnUfUi-l Itii-hiiinti'l's ru^iuiviil he waa engaged in the Imttlc uf
I>i/ii;{ Jklniiil, hIu'I'c hu! HiifrL'rcd M>vcrcl,v. Ho died at hta
b'iDie in VntviAt'iH'ct, JiimT 10, 183i», agtrd ninety-five y«ara,
univerMilly n.'specled.

It hnii Iwuii ttiD eoniuiori lot of men of ])iircrit motives who
hav<» randeri^d vnlmililit »virv\ce» to their country, to he
HitNiJIed by tha lunj^iic nf nlaiiiU^r, and to luive vile insinuations
ur |Hi»irlvi' I'liiir^'ffl niiide fur llio drhlriK-tinii nf ilipir cbur-
uelL-r>4. U »viin Ml uitli Wunliingtuii. Tl w;w m) vvilU Grt'vne.
TbU (irdi-al llii|)ltiuH liid not eiteape. 1'herc were, unfoi-tti-
iiHtidy fur Ihi' credit of a tnio in«iil»K)d, tjiasc who could
dot iiiipreviate liiit patriotic /.4>al and di->lntcrc>sled efiur1« in
the caniiO nf freedom. Wiit popularity excited euvy, and
hl« n<l\n(iil lo nulionltniite piildic inleresU to private, created
hualilily. Itii Hun in ixiniidHfdy'it wny and niic^t he rcrnuvcd.
Hoan HM lu>ai-<l the voice of mliiiuny, and in Jutie, 177(>,
he (net tin* Marino ('onnnitlee a1 11iiliid('t])hiM in reference to
cinlain chniTtca tlml liml hceii ]>rcferr<<d a^ipiiiist him. He
waft aldy dcffiidt'^d liy •Inliu AdantM, actpiitted, and rctainc<l
hUi iNUuiiunid. 'Ilic eonunitliic ilirected bini to ])urchu!iu a
tKihwmcr he Imd taki'U, antt added, "thi» schooner must he
called till' IlupkiuM," — u fcigniticaiit i^miplinient. umler the
i-ircni)ihi«ni-cH, to an etticient and fnithfu) officer. The ilis-
(tngiii»h(H] ConmuxUuxi John I^iul Jone«, an intimate friend
of t.\immi>tlore Hopkins, writing to him in reference lo bis
PhUatlulphia exiwrii'nce, says :

" I kihfw yvKi win iiui sHipect uw ot Omturf nrh«n I ilDriu I have not
n^tfltracail » wore alncvrv plMAar* for a loa<; lime pAsl thu) thr ac«Mtat
I b«w lud of roar tevlNg galtwd yoor cutM* »l PtiUadclpht*, In »plc« of
f*tiy. Y^«w- bic muMv wltl Urwl U> jrow (kitim MtTmta^ ; by poiotlns

OUR FRENCH AI^UBS.

IS

ont jnnr fHeiMts and eneml<», jou ttUI bu thereby cunbK'd to retain IIm
nnv purl, niilk yoii aro giiAnlliii; agiiltiHt the utlirrs. You will be thrice
welroinp to yonrnntlvc land nud to your nrareat conccniB, Afltr your
Ute Hhnrk, ih^y will mirv you, »» golJ frmn tin* lire of more wortli nnd
value i uud kiMiider will ktvp Hflvnce wlivn A Jmlnil llopkhiN Is meiitlonvd."

The next ymr h« wua Hgnin cited to appear before the
same committee, iiiit as no s[>euitic charges were made
H^iiiiKt him, he neglected (bp citation^ niid January' 2,
17(7, vroA ■iismiit.'if^d the i^erviee- Hut thi.s lU't did not dim-
inish the contidenc-e and rasped of his rellovr-citizonM. His
iittefiihiess to the Colonies nt a moment when they were
stmjffiling into national birth no one questioned. His
bravery was Iteyond dispute, nnd his worth us a patriotic
citizen was universally Acknowledged.

Wiiilc of nn independent nuiid, and deeidedly pronounced
in his opinions, (he Coniniodoi-o wa-t, in private life, social
and hearty in his wetcouies. flis title " Comnninder-in-Cbief
of the Navy," i-onftrred u]>on him by a law of Congress,
was desifHi^d to make his position correspond to that held
by Wu!<h)n<^ton iis Couimanilor-in-Chief of the anny. H\a
pay was $125 per month. In otKciitl correspondence ho was
addres«<ed as Comiuodore ; but in private and in the papeni
of Ihe day he wius frcijiiently styled AtimivoJ.

In nJiO, while a reprosentitive for the town of North
Providence, he was ia^truuiental in securing the nnaniuious
ap[H)iittttient of President Manning, of Rrown University,
na a delc<mt6 t" 'he t'ontinental Coniircss.

His death took place February 2fi, 1^02, in the elghty-
fimrtli year of his a^fc. His reutoiniD lie in the family groiuid
in North Providence. A fine portrait of him, painted by
Hcfulc, is in the jwsiM'ssion of Ilrown Univei-sily.

Thus closed the earthly career of the founder of the
American Navy. IliK publiL- nnd private papei's irarae into the
Iiand»i of .ludpe J. Dorranw, who had liin estate in charge.
Subsequently they wore obtained by the late Judge WiUiain
R. Staples, who, under the sanction of the hoirs-al-lflwc,
deposited theu in Ihe lilitHk' Island Historic^d Society.

16 RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

FORTIFICATIOKS.

GENERAL BENEDICT ARNOLD.— COMMODORE AltRAHAM WHIP-
PLE.—THE PROVIDENCE COMPANY OF CADETS.

'3[(^K{>M 1774 to 1777, Providence became well guarded.
,*Jj) Forts on Prospect Hill and at Fox and Field's Points
bristled with cannon ready to thunder dcfiiuicc at invaders.
The town ordei-cd an intreuchnient to be thrown up, to
extend from Sflssafras Point to Field's Point, "sufficient to
cover such a body of men as may be ordered there on any
emergency. "* A breastwork for the protection of sharj)-
shooters was thrown up a little north of llowci's' Cove, and
a redoubt at Bullock's Point. Mr. Thomas X. Sumner, a
former resident of Providence, in a letter of "Kcmiuis-
cences" addressed to his daughter, dated "Brookline, May
13, 1834," says:

" I remember In ndditlon two clrcnlar forts called reiloiibts, south of
the miiin furt on the height of the hitl — one noith and one south of the
powder house which stood on Powder liuniie lime. Tliis lune was then
the only road to what wfl» called the upper ferry, now cuntrul liridge, I
believe. It led by where Mosea Brown now lives, or did live."

The Fox Point Fort, or "Fox HiU," as styled in the town
records, was built I)yC:iptain Nicholas Power, "in consulta-
tion with Captain Ksek Hopkins, Amlirosc Page, Esq.,
Captain John Updike, Sir. Samuel Nightingale, Jr., Captain
William Earle, and Captain Simon Smith." Although
Blaskowitz, on his " Topographical Chart of the Narragan-
sett Bay," 1777, nites the fort at ".50 guns, 18 and 24
pounders," the town at first, whatever incrt^ase may after-
wards have been made, ordered " a battery of six 18 pound-

*"Onc day last week, Mr. Crompton, with one of Ills Light Tnfiinlry ilrumirxTS nnd two
of the CuUct flrerf, wmt rouitdto nollt^' tlie SonR of Freedom wlio liad tlic imblic good
and emfety at heart, to repair to Itackcr'ii Wharf, with sucti Implf ments a,* art u»ei1 in
Intrenchtnjt, wiiere a boat wst reaity to take tlicm on board and trani<pori llieiu to the

■hore between SHi»a(Vai and Kidd'i I'olnt Wltii what liiid Ix'eii dune by a

liDntb«r wiio went ttie day before, we liirew up a brea^twoil that extetitlrd near one quar-
ler of a mile."— Letter /tQot Dr. Solomoit Drowne, I'rovideiue, Augntt 13, 1 113.

OUR FBEXCH ALLIES. 17

era," four of the cflnuon "to be mounted as field pieces."
Captain Esek Hopkins was appointed to the command of
this fort ; Captain Samuel Warner was appointed Lienten-
ant ; and Captsiin Christopher Sheldon, gunner. Seven men
Tvore appointed to cjieh gun, who were authorized to select
from their numlier a captain and !i gunner. A watch of two
persona for day and night was also provided.*

The items of expense are preserved in the following bill
brought to light in removing the town archives from the city
l)uilding on Market Square to the new city hall :

Tuw.v OF Pitovii>KVCK To Nicholas Power, Db.

1775. Aug. 16. To H8i Daya'work for mcu bulUIlng Battery

at Fox III!], . . «t 3 p day. 22 4 »

To paid ThoH. PIttmnn'a wages ami billot for

3 months' Guard at the Battery ft-om Aug.

30tli to November 30lli, . . . .9 15
To p'd John Jouca wages iind billet fur same

time, 7 IC

To pd. Tlios. PIttmaii for 3 montbs &. 7 Days

at [obscure] 10 11 3

1776, To pd. Jiio. .lones bill for 8 weeks £ 3 Day,

from Apr. S to May etli, . . . 2 11 6|

To Bamanl Eddy's Bill for ProvisloBa for

men at work ou Breast Work at Field's

Point, 16

To .Toliij Pitts' Bill for Guarding Battery &

Billet 2 months, 6 9 5

To David Lnwrince's Bill for Stores, . .314
To .Johii Browu's Bill, 13 >i

£63 IS 3i
To Addiugton Davenport's aid for nse of his
Shop for 11 Watch House for Towu
Watch, 13

£61 IC 5i

•The Uiuird«forFux I'oixT, frnm Janunry to Julr, 1778, wpn- arrangoil asfollown:

Cnjit. SiiU. Srrgt. Corp. Kififr. Privalei.

Jannar7 4 0 1 1 1 1 ao

M»y 31 0 1 1 3 0 ao

JoneU 0 I 1 2 1 18

Juoe 17 0 0 1 1 g 12

July H 0 1 :: z

FiKtD'9 Foist,

Jonei;, .... 0 1 1 2 1 .16

JoIyH 0 1 1

8

18

RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLITIOX.

•. ^

eiTCH ALL HOIIHD.

The Foi't nil Pros-
pect Hill, coniiuiindiiig
ull the iiiipiuat-lics to
the foiitrc of the town,
was built hi 1777, with
the approviil of (icn-
enil SiiciK-er, iiinicr
the direflioii of Ma-
\ Jor Jauics .Siuiiiior, by
whom it was plaiiiiecl,
then Chief Engineer of the Khode Island Dejiai-tinent. It
oceiipicil the site now covered in part by a brick block of

dwelling-houses at

the corner of Uowen and Oiiigdon

streets, and was at onoe garrisoned. In the i)rosecntion of
this work the town authorities heartily eoncnrred. At a
town meeting held May Tith, when Major Suumcr presented
his plan, it was voted to approve the measure as one that
" would be of the greatest advantage to the public as well as
to this lown hi particular," and General Spencer was assured
that the town would "cheerfully concur in any general mea-
sures for cairying the plan aforesaid, or sneli other as His
Honor may adopt, into execution."

At a meeting held May Kith, it was resolved, "to recom-
mend to the commanders of the severiil companies of Alai-m
Men, Independent Companies and Militia in this town, to
call their respective companies together, and in turns to go
upon Jleacon Hill, there to give all assistance tlicy are able
to complete the fortifications there erecting for the common
defence — that Colonel Bai-zillai Kiehmond's c(mipany go
upon duty to-morrow ; Captain Russell's the next day ; Cap-
tain llurriU's on Monday; Captain Kecne's on Tuesday;
Captain Snow's and the Grenadier Company on Wednesday ;
and that the captains keep lists of all persons who work, as
also of Ibose who do not work, to be returned to the next
town meeting, and that the s:iid companies begin on Thurs-
day next, and go through a second tour of duty in rotation

OVB. FKKNCn AIXIES.

19

in tlio same manner, each person to fiimlsb himself with
proper tools, etc."

Tlio (Uint-nsions of the fort wvw tlirec hundred by one
hiindreil »nd \\l\y feci, wilhiii llic [mnipei. It was Kiirrounded.
hy a fos^c or dit<.-h, and wa* capuhtc of nimintitig lifty-etght
gun*. In Ihe i;«ntre was erect«d a lai-gu pole or urnst at the
top of wliich WHS attached an iron cnine, and from the crane
was ^-uspended a liii^* ii-on kettle tilled with tar, to lie
ignitc<l hi an emergency, to warn the siirronnding conntry.
Soon after its completion nn experiment was made hy Major
Perkins, who oi-dered three eaunoiis to he (irod. and the lar
in the kettle, to he wt on fire. It bitrned sevenil liuiirK with
the desired elfecl. The light was seen in the
moMi di-slaiit parts uf the State. The rountry
was alarmed, and the next d:iy the militia in
^eal oiiml>era 6ocked into the lonn. The
use made of this heaeon jravc to the locality
the name of Jieavon JJill, a name it retained
for sevenil years.*

It vns tL part of the plan of iVftijor Simmer
to bilild harrneks on the side hill west of the
fort, ncniss "Dorr's Lane," near U'healon
street. The hiiilding wa» to 6ice west, to l>e
two stories Iii^h in the centre, and one story in eath wing.
Aa lo the erection of sueli a huihlin*^ on tlio spot designated
the records of the town are silent. Tradition is also silent,
and prohahly the Major's plan was not eonsumniated. The
town, however, did what it eonld to (iiniiHh aceonntioda-
tions, and among other arningeiuents the Work House, at

■ Vcr ll>p |>liin lit lltl. Von I an liiilibrcil to tliv cainirt; uf thi- llvfi. /^oIivIbIi Alleti,
Btbolw ■•llMldi't m"ll«<nliinof it. I'rivr lu niidln); (he ilr«n co|>M ■■I'llr. •iiiiiiiirrf^am
(to «rl|lMl. Mr. Albrn prvntniwl mo with ■ <1ran nuilr frtna mttmry, whieli. »n ouHi|)arl>
Hk, ivM (hiiml (II twaiir»«e1 r*t<rr>cnlu(laB. 1b liiouiltHc, of tbaane licraproriuiifl. llr,
Allra. Iii>|mikliif ofthUiM»>n«ri»l<ir the Rr'oladuti, uirt ; "llM'OOpvaf IW fl-XXof tlw
Oli> Ki>it •Iiows Dini tl wan^xcriilrd firtt-utlllfuJIy. bmI it>»( t( wm (lir ii><ib( perteci IbrllA-
Cmlion 111 Ihp luirlh imrl of (hr ^laic. Tlir lurrnllon of itiv tr«( rx)jrrUQ*iii* ■ill! rtKirtart
•wl t|ir[l>, wn'i>( to «lMi<f (lia vtnrf nMac la ptrparc tat ikfrlK* of ' tnttUtm tforni imxar
tUm wakaut Uw rifht of fvpn>Muilatli>n ' bj ckrijr oUonitU."

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 21

the corner of Smith und Ghnrles streets, was given up to the
use of the soldiery. At a town meeting heUl May 17, 1779,
Mr. John Brown, the Hon. Jabez 15owcn, C()h)nel Jonathan
Arnold, Welcome Arnold, Escj., and David Howell, Esq.,
were appointed a conmiiltcc to request General Gates "to
direct that suitable barracks be built at the expense of the
continent, tor ti-oops, in case any shall be barracked in this
town the next winter," and that they also " rctpiost the Gen-
end to direct that the Work House which has been improved
the winter past for barracks, and damaged thereby, be
repaired at the gencnil expense."

Mr. Sumner, iKjfore quoted, in pursuing his reminiscences,
says ;

'-During the Ruvolutlonary Wnr there wns a reg;inieiit of artillery iinilcr
Cohint'l Crniic for some cspLrlmeiUs hi throwing nhells. A (Ictachnient
under Captnlii CiiHeiider, were on duty with a mortar on tliis lot.* The
carrinpc vvsis placed on a. )ltllo knoll of ji^rountl, immediately In front of
iht: old ctlhir. This knoll, no donht, was formed when the cellar wan dujj;.
The dirt belny thrown down hltl to the west, formed a terrace whereon
the carrlnye waa placed. — the only level spot near the vicinity. I reraein-
btr very well after loading, ranging It south of (ireat Point, so that the
fall might he in the river, and tiring two or three dead or hlank shells,
irkich ih'<l not burst, -the next one, nry the. furirth, burst in the air. It did
not do any inlNChtef, but before they wure ready to Arc again, Tolonel
Crane came driving a foaming horse, and reprimanded Callender for firing
live shells before dark. More blanks were tired before dark, and after
dark a number of live ones, which burst before striking the water, and
made a line show."

On the 12th of January, 1777, Brigadier-General Bene-
dict Arnold arrived in Providence, to as.sist in the defence
of Rhode Island. His quarters were taken in a hou.sc west
of the Market square bridge, owned by Xathanael Greene,
and subsequently purchased by Governor William Jones.
The General does not appear to have done much here besides

•Thplot on which hU ftitlier, Mttjur Sumner, proposod to erect barrackfl. Major Sumner
camv irtlh lii» bm[ly IViim Butiton, in 1774, and livnl <u rroviilpnee until 17St, when he
n-moveii to Brookllne, Mbiik. HU son Tliomax, in hi« " reminiscences " communtcnted to
bl* daufhrer In ISH, appears (o have been ncnerBlIy correct in his recolieclion of localities
■ml event*. MMJor .•'unnier »iu|ierlnl ended tlic oreotlon of the meellng-Uouie of the First
HaplUt Society In TrovWencf , in 177t.

BHODE ISLA^T> IS THE RKrotmoy.

displaying bU military scailel tout, of which he was quite
Viiiii. Al this time he w«s M)un'(! l>y what he toiisldorpd a
want of appreciutiou of his merits as an officer, ami fre-

S^^^- ^^^i^^

qiienlly threatened to r^vsign his ronimission if not soon pi"o-
moted. lie uiico made {lli^ dticlumliou iii tht; pn^scnco of
Commodore Whipple, who shrewdly rapUcd, "General, I

1

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

S9

knoir you won't resijni-" "Why do you doulit my word?"
inqnirad Arnold. "Because, General," answered the Com-
modore, "yuu lire the [innidest ninn I uvor seed ; iind I know
you won't iiuil your unif'nnn, your e])JMilet(* and Lomnuind to
be a private mau — for I tell you, you are the proudest roan
that I ever «pct/.*' • The C^omniodoi-e was correct. The
General did nol resign, but after obtaining pmmotion,
bocamo » traitor to his conntry — huviu": four years previ-
ously made ii good military record at Snrato^ii. Well for
Ills reputation had it ItetMi that lie had closed his life on that
field. Hut of hiiu more hciviifter.

Commodore AhnUium Whipple, a descendant of John
Whipple, one of the original proprietors of Providence
Plantations, and an associate of Uoger Williams, was honi in
Provi(iciicr, IJ. I., Hepteinbcr 2<», 1733. He early took
to sea life, and sailed in the service of Nicholns Iti-own, one
of Uie leading merchants of Providence. Towards the close
of the ohi French war he conmiandcd the privateer "(Jame
Cock," in which, in a single cruiw, he captured twenty-three
prizes. The part ho took in the du^lruction <if the Gaspee,
in 1772, is rehitcri In prcredinfi pa^^^s. In 1775, two days
lieforc the battle of Ihinker llill, the ficiienil Assembly of
Rhode Island purchased and armed two sloops, one currying
twelve guns and the other eight, and appointed Captain
Whipple to the command of the larger vessel, named the
Providence, and Captain (Irimcs to that of the smaller, who
acted under the orders of Whipple. The duty assigned him
was to clear the luiy of the tenders of the British frlgsite Rose*
which prevented many vc^sids fi-om getting to sea. This he
did offeclually by an engagement with two of the tenders,
June irtth, in which he dis;ililcd and forced them to retire
nnder the guns of the frigate, Iwsides capturing a third.
This feat of valor won for him the honor of hnving tii-ed the
first gun on the sea at the British, in tlie opening of the

• Lift qS UowbBd, p. ».

nnODB ISLAlfD !>■ TUK REVOLUTION.

Kcvoliilionnry wiir. Stibsc<jncntly ho wns pincetl in com-
mnrnl of Tbe ColumltUii, in llio tontinentiil service, in which
ho wajr very adive. Ho pariiciiKiu-d in tin- oxpeililidii
Against Xew Piovidcnce, At ii later day he was appointed
to the commniid of the tnj;:atp I'rondpncp, a. new ve«i*ol of
twtinty-riirlit giins, hn\-ing C'nptain, aitciwnrds Gnvrnior
JoDes, for \m tJint oHiiftr. In 1778 he oscuped tin* Uritish
blorkadiii^ sqiiiidron occnpyinj^ thn hnrlmr uf XuwjKirt lUid
various |>osltion.s in th« hny, n»d l»orr* impoi*t;int <U'S[KilHirs
from Congn;.KS to our Mitiisl<:rs in Knirn-e. TUu iippeamnco
of the Providence at Nante« ntti-«cted much attentioi), as tbe
sight of iin American vnssel of wur in Ihat hnvUor •nun rare,
Cnittuiii .Jkdos whs sent without delay to Paris with the dei*-
patchtrs. uhero he met a M'arm reception. He «'«» presented
to the King, who ri'ceived him in the most coi-dial manner.
Comniodorc Whipple returned in safety to Riisinn. after a
aoniewhut perilous voyage, witJi a muek needed c^i^o of
clothing, arms and ammunition. For this service be
received a eomplimenhiry letter from Washington.

In eniisinjf on and ort' the <'oiuit of Xewfouudland. In •T«Iy,
1779, he iVll in with the homewaitl bound .lanniiea fleet of
nearly one hundred and fifty sail, eonvoyed hy a seventy-
four ^nin ship !ind several snuiller vessels. This eonvoy lie
joined, nnch-r the British (lajr. got iK>sses*ion uf the sig;nals
of tbe Conimndnre, and by an adroit movement tn the night
drew a nnndier of vessels ont of their course, of whieli he
raptunnl ten. Kijrht of these prizes, havinjr eai-goes valued
at more than a million of dollars, were brouifht safclv into
RoHton harlior.

In openitinj; in the South in 1780. nnri endeavoring to
save ChaHeKton from the enemy, he m'hs compelled to sur-
T*nderhi« sqiuidrnn to Adniinil Arlmthnot, niid was hold a
prisoner to the close of the war. Ho retunied to his fam
in Oonstrm ptxiror than when he cnlcrud the sorviee of the
United Stales, with a Ini^o sum due him. On the scturiliea
in which he waa finally paid bo realized, owing to the low

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 25

credit of the government, only two shillings and sixpence
on the pound, a discount of more than eighty per cent.

In 1784, Commodore M'hipple engiiged once more in the
merchant service, and as commander of the General Wash-
ington, a fine ship built by John Brown, he had the honor of
fir^t unfurling the American ting on the river Thames.*

In 178)) he represented Cnmston in the General Assembly,
^n the foimation of the Ohio company he removed with his
family to >Iarietta, and finally settled on a small farm bor^
dered by the Muskingum river, a few miles from Marietta.

While living in his new western home a company of enter-
prising men of Marietta built a vessel named the St. Clair,
of which he was given the command. Laden with provis-
ions he made a successful voyage to Havana. In commem-
oration of this event and of his naval exploits, Captain Jona-
than Bevol, a native of Tiveiton, K. I., wrote as follows,
kying the scene at the mouth of the Mississippi :

"The Triton crleth,
' Who conivLl) now from shore? '

Neptune repUeth,
' 'TIs the old Commodore ;
Long has it been since I saw him before.
In the year sevcnty-flve from Columbia he came,
The pride of the Briton on ocean to tame :
And often, too, with his gallant crew,
Hatti he crossed tiic belt of ocean blue.
On the Gallic coast
T have seen him tost,
While his thundering cannon lulled my waves.
And roused my nymphs from their coral caves,
When he fought for freedom with all his braves,
In the war of the Revolution.

*' ' But now he comes from the western woods,
descending slow wUh gentle floods.
The pioneers of a mighty train.
Which commerce brings to my domain !

*A recent vriter in the New York Tribune claims tlits honor for Caplain WJUlam
Mooere, who comnuinded the Bedford, of Nantucket, which, he uiy«, was "tliv first ship
to dlfplar the thirteen stripes Id the river Thames, Febraary 0, 17S3." No authorities are
at hand to settle these conlllcllnft claims.
4

26 BirODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

T'p, sons of tlie wave,

Greet the nohle brave !
Present your arms unto liiiii.

Ills gniy hair hIiows,

Life iicnrs Its close :
Lei's piiy the honors line hira.
Sen-mnhls attend with lute and lyre.
And hrhig your coiichs, my Triton sons,
In clionis lilow to the aged sire
A weltoine to my dominions.' "

Commodore Whipjilo was for several years active in stimu-
lating ship ImikUiig at ilarietla, but after this voyage to
Havana he retired from business life. He died at his home,
alter a short illnews, May 2!tth, 18li>, at the age of cighty-
tive years. His wife, a sister of (lovernor Hoi)kins, pre-
ceded him to the gnivc by only a few months, at th« ago of
seventy-nine years. His only son John was never uuin'ied,
and in the male line the family of this eminent patriot has
become extinct. The tombstone over his remains at Mari-
etta twars the following inscription :

" Sacrctl to the ni< mor)' of

COMMOIIOKK A Bit AH AM WlllPn.E,

Whose nnnie, skill and courage trill ever remain the pride and boast of hl^
country. In the htte lievointloii he was the tirst on the seas to hurl defi-
ance at proud llrlton; ^llantly lending the w:iy lo arrest n-om the Mis-
tress of the (H-enn lier scepter, and tiiere to wave the Star Spangled Ban-
ner. He nlso onndnt-ted to sea the tlrst sipiure-rigfied vessel ever built on
the Ohio, opening to commerce resources Iwyond c.ilculutlon."

It has been truly said that the success of Commodore
AVhippIe on the ocean " was not exceeded by that of any
other in the navy," and that "his exploits and chai-actor will
l<mg be i-eniembered by the inhabitants of Khode Island and
Marietta."*

The l*rovidenee ct>mpany of cadets, under Colonel Night-

■ For ■ miiTv I'XttMuli'il notice of the life and MTvin>* of Coinmodorr Whipple, ^ev
" Hvmvlm of tlii> K«t\y VUmvet S«-tiI>n of 01iiti,~ )>p. I.v-IM.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

27

ingalo, was stationed at Pawtiixet from Jsinuary 7th to Feb-
ruary 7th, 1777. The command comprised the following
i-oU:

Joseph Niglitftigalc, Colonel.

Willlum Uuesell,
Nntli'l Greene,
Paul Alleu,
Belu Whipple,
CliriHtoplier Oliicy,
Jo. Dolbeare Kusscll,
William Corlis,
Caleb Gardner,
Arthur Fenner,
P<!ni Bowler,
Priinns Tliunipson,

Lientunant-Colonel.

Major.

CuptHin.

Isl Sergeant.

2d

8ti

4th

FIfer.

At

Drummer.

John Innes Chirk,
Samuel Young,
LuwU Peck,
Nicholas Power.
John Angell,
Wlllium Bowen,
Zacharlah .\llen,
John Mumfiml,
Daniel Smith.
Nathauld Jaeob.«,
Peter Taylor,
Thomus Ghukling,
Joseph Parker,
John Gihlis,
James Hill,
S:imuel Hamlin,
William Karl,
Job Page,

Frivalen.

Joseph Aiigell,
William Co2zenH,
Pepp'l Tyler,
Itobert Lawton,
Oliiey Wiiisor,
Samuel Dnnu,
Nicholas Cooke,
James Munroc,
Thomas lUiHsell,
John Muinford,
JeHxe Cooko,
George Gluey,
Joseph Greene,
Joseph Cooke,
Daniel Kogors,
Beiijamiu Alger,
John Itogers,
William Uhodca,

Jeremiah Fones Jenkins,
Kiirus Hopkins,
John Green,
Daiih^l Cooke,
William Kui^sell, Jr.
Aaron Wrlghl,
Pardon Bowen,
Arthur Crawford,
Siimuul ChacB,
Beuj»niln Bowen,
Jeremiah Jenckes,
Samuel Chace, Jr.
Daniel Tilliugha»t,
John Kllton,
Sylv'o Jenks,"
Nehemiah Sweet,t
Joseph Green, t

Jeremiah Whipple, Sick, absent.

John Murray, Absent by leave.

James Morrill, Absent.

Joseph BncklUi, Jr., Absent In service of the State.

Prince,
Primus

M

loneers.

Thomas Thayer, '
Benjamin Camp,
Samuel ,

Walters.

•Tlow In Mr*l«r, (bur dayg.

I In tervlce, two dayH,

t In tervice, one daj'.

2S

BHODB ISLAND tS THE REVOLDTIOS.

The" total expense of the eoniiMiu^' diiritij^ their month's
encnmpriieiit wtva £2:Jf> IU9 4d.

This company of cmiets was one of the early oi^uized
infantry companies of I'l-ovidnnce. In coniiectiim with the
regiments of Colonels Little nnd Hitchcock, then i|uartercci
in town, it purfonued earort duty lo Ginicnd Wu»hin;;toii on
his visit to I*r(ividt'iiir, April .'», IV7H. In the wnr of 1812
ihe compntiy rendered iiiiportaut services n^ 11 home gnard,
and when, un the return of peace, I'lvsidunt Mutirue viiritcd
Providence, the cndets. under the conininnd of the late
CtdoucI George Baker, were selected for the e<»cort. The
eompuny no longer exidtd, its charter having been aunvn-
dercd in 1865.

THE KAKLIEST OF OUR FKKM*]! ALLIB.

JylxHE l^eehindion 0? hulcpondcncc found cordial sym-
(^J'palhy uumnt,' the lihenil spirit* of Kunipe, and was
looked upon with favor in France liy men in liigh sorial posi-
tion, who were not slow in making known their opinions.
French military officers flocked to America and applied for
positions ill the Continental Anny. Of ihese the following
is a list :

Monsieur Dtigan, M. Arnndol, Lc Chevalier de Saint
Anlaire, Aiilolnc Felix Vieliert, Louis I>uhois, Le Chevalier
de Kermnrvan, Jac. Ant. de Fninchesseii, Saint-MartJn,
Jcan-Arthnr de Vermonet, Fidelo I>orr6, ChriHlophe Pellis-
sier, Jacqnes-PanI Govert, Manpiir* de ^falmedy. Chevalier
du I'lcssis Mtmduit, tlcan-Louis Imhert, Chretien de Colenis,
.Tean-Lodis de ^'irnejoix, Pierre Fram^-ois de Boys, Mat-Al
de Ui Hochcformoy, Le Comie de Montfort, De la Neii^ille,
BcFaiieiiil, Charles ,\rmand Tufin, iMarfiui.^ de la Kouerie.
>L^rqui3 Fningois Lonis DcFleury, Thomas Conway, (of

ODB PltENClI ALLIES.

29

Scotch origin, nml one uf tlio Ciilml to tle])o^e Wiisliuigloti.)
Mottin dp hi Ihilme, Copiihi <li' la Ganle, Maniuis ilu la
Fayottc, Dc Viillonnys, I>c Chevalier cUi Pon:iiI, Do la
R-ulitire, iJe Gouvioni Baruti tie Ilolzcndorf, PruiUiutiiiiiu de
!Jorre, Troimoii ilii Coiidnii. Cheviilier do Failly, Dea E|)m-
icrei, l^e Onutc de Pidapki, (a Pole Uy birlh, »Dd killyd at
Snvanimh,) NtcoliLS Kugcr. Dc Ucdonux, •John llnroit do
Kalt). (iturii in (ionuiiiiy ), Dc Vvigny. Chevulicr dii Uiiiiison,
Chevalier de la Colouibe, Chevalier Dorset, Do Liiumoi, De
Giitiut, Chevalier de Villefranehe, Denis do llonohet, Ferdi-
nand de Bmhm, De Fonthiore, De Ponccanx, Du Camhray,
Marquis dc ViiMine, ISerhet de Rucht'fontainc, Do L'Eelise,
M. Tituzrir, M. Urice, De Neville, De Pongilieaii and Chev-
alier de Creniis.

These np|)li(-ant8 received nppciiiitnientti, in various grades,
from I>it'()tenant9 to Majora-Geucml. Some of Iheni gained
9i>efiul renown ; us, for example, Kouerio, Fleiiry, Dii Por-
tail. Puhi:^ki, De Kalh, Mauduit, De Giuiat,* Ikmeliet, and
Tonznr, who lost an arm in the service. Rut higii over all
towered Ijifayotte, who, at Ihe age of nineteen yeans, in wanii
ra5>*nipatliy with the Amcrlcnn caiiso, secretly lilted out a
vessel at his own «xp(-nr>e, and e]u«ling the Royal officers
6ent to prevent his departure, reiwhcd this eotintry and
asked permission of Congress to .verve in the army as a vol-
luiteer without pay. His cowjmynoini t/t vot/mjc w«re the
Itai-un De Kalh and ten other military gentlemen. If this
ttct di»tui-bed the equanimity of consen-ative.** at the Koyal
Court, it i>rovcd a udght}' power in strengthening the cour-
age of a sorely pre.'tsed people, belonging to an ancient,
honored and induential family of the French Xohility, he
was a favorite with Ixinis XVI. and his fascinating Queen,
Maria Antoinette, and did ranch to bring them inio clojier
eymputhy with the struggUug Americans, despite the coun-
teracting influence of the cautious Prime Miniater. 'J'lie

*alDnl,»hiH|iMnilr Ki.'ol'inpluf AtUUvrj *t Toritlawn, tlriee I>» la CokwulMt. kimI tto

30 RHODE ISLAND IX THE REVOLUTION.

spirit which actuated him throughout his military career in
this country is well expressed in a letter addresser! to Henry
Laurens, President of Congress, in acknowledgment of a
commendatory resolution transmitted to him from that
body :

" Tlic moment I licard of America I loved lipr; tlie moinciit I knew iilie
was tl};liliny for fVt'etlout 1 burnt witli a desire of bleeding for tier; Hud
the moment I fliall be able to serve her at any time, or in Kny part of the
world, will be among the hiippleNt ones of my life."*

Lafayette was received into the military family of AVash-
ington, between whom and himself there grew up a tender,
contidential, life-long fnendship. By Congress he was com-
missioned a Alajor-Geneml, and served without abatement of
ardor until the conclusion of the revolutionary struggle.

AVhen Lafayette came to Khode Island it was with a re|>
utation for unusual military ability, — a reputation well won
at the lirandywinc and elsewhere. In Providence, his
youth, intelligence and manly bearhig, not less than his
vigilance and prudence as an officer, made him a welcome
guest. The homes of the I)est families were eovdially opened
to him, and wherever he went he was the life of the social
circle. He found great delight in the society of the llow-
ens, the Niglitingales, the Browns, Foster, Corliss. Jones,
Tillinghast, Madame Dexter, and many others, while the
simple pleasures sure to await him and his otHcers at the
house of William Field, of Field's Point, or at the " Gairi-
son House" in Cranston, compensated in no small degree for
the home enjoyments he had temporarily laid aside at La
Grange, that he might serve the cause of freedom in America.
The late Miss Polly Feimer, a descendant of Major Thomas
Fenuer, who died some years ago. distinctly remembered
having seen Washington, Lafayette and other officers
"with swords dangling by their sides as they danced" at a

• Sinrlu.

Ol'R FREXC'H AU.TE». 31

ball given lU the (iarrison House* Tlieliulics ]>i-cscnt, she
said, were conspk-Dous "with powdered heads and apnu^led
dresses. "

Arnnn^ the plnces id Providence fteleet«d for quorters for
a night or nuue when in town, tradition nssiiii^s us that
Liitiijietle snnielimes found ir.sl in the ^inibi-el-roof brick
house, now niitnliered 537 and 539 Xorth Miiin sii-oel.

f*l

IgtMIITfllin II.' LAVJt% CTItUl

This oldest brick hotuo in Providence, an engi^ving of
which is hero given, was built between K.")!) and 1760
hy Lieutcniml-(>ovomor Klis-bii Brown, whose home was
neur by in t)m then ntmosl |>iihitttil residence, at present
known as ''the Butler House,'' in "Otrj^enter's Yard."
LieiitennnMiovenior Brown was the youngest son ot" Klder
.lames Krown^nnd the imitle of Moses Brown. August 21),
1770, he sold the briek house to Piiul Bunker, of Shcrboum,
now Xantueket town, and April \2, 177f), it wai; again sold
to Thomas Shcrboum, of the same town. It has st'voral
tiwcH since changed hands, but while it stands it will attract

*TkB"n«rriM>ii lloiiM''mubaUtniilannipl«I breifttAln Aniiar Finntf, OM of t&e
mrlf Mtltiir* 'it I'mtttti*. iwiil lir<»riip ■ ron>Kf lu nrlglibor* (■ ■ranMik of tlaiifrr fWiu
ItidUtK. Thv Itoiiw •iMita about haJf « inllt* nDrtliHT^tpriy arilivCwHlan l>liit Worfc*.
Il U bui Inliatiltiil, iiikI U ni|>ftlly nitMni to di-cay. TIi« tiouar Iwili by Kniat lliOMittt I'ru-
mur, ■ brullirruf <'N)ilalii AMIiur. It in ilio iklnll;, »(iil lu Kooil npi«'''.

82 RIIOUE IKLAKD TK THK REVOLrTIOy.

Attcntiou as a relic of the revolutionary period.* Of Ijifty-
ette more litrealler.

Sr^vcml of the officers in the preceding list were well
known in IVovidence. l*roujiueutl_v aiuung tbcm stood tlic
MarqiiJti Fraii(,'oi8 Lellonjiiis De Miilroedy and the Marquis
Pe Fleiiry. Malmedy came t<> Prriviil^-nrt; in DeeeniUer,
177ti, on the recommendation of (Jeneral Charles I^ce, and
was appointed CTjief Engineer and Director of tbe works of
defence witltiti the State, with the rank fiwt of Colonel and
tlien of Hrigiulicr-^ienera]. In hiti letter of inlroducliuu to
Governor Cooke, General Lee wiy* :

"Bbod« T«laiid will |>robttbljr he attjickc<1; jronr mcu flnd jrouugcr offl-
txn AT*: ifood, t>ut I nin (KTmiiiili^ ^ou Imvi- do man with yoD ctpftble of
coodtictlng an nrmy ; do man who has snffiriciil kiionlrdgr M an rn^l>
ueer. f Uitvi- tlirix-r<>ru r«voU-cil to ftcmJ n t;vii(l«ititin wllb nhoiiv );rriil
Uloota. ncliiity atjil zval, I am well acquBlut(.-0 ; Ills imiiie Ik Ma1in«lr, a
Fri'iK-tiraati. 1 cutrvat j'ou to glvi- lilm the eaUru commatul to be directed
by Ills couneik."

With this viiih tho Oovcmor complied, and important
elianges in tJie defences iirvMUid Pi-ovi<Iencc were made.

A defence had been estrihlished at Warwick Neck, which
the Cicnenil early inspcctc<I, and which he decided was not
athipted t<t the purjiosc intended. Concerning tlils |M)st he
writes 10 General Lee, December 20, 1776, as follows:

■>Ttie getitJrnieB or Ute comitiUlec Imagliirfl that Warwkk Nock was
iDOn; ImimrlAiil, since the Miemyart- in Ithoile Inland. I nMitniiil the
■wueevenlne- I litive traiened all ucar tu ttic point of Connecticut, all
llio ovck of Warwick. I cautiuL [ktcvIvu In all ihnl pnrt the pi>9)tiblllt)' of
klndcrlng itia cn«n)' h'oiti making a dG^ceni. The bankft throiiuhoul aru
oaajr or aecesM, aad tti« Te.-<8i?T« can com« clo^c to the land, Tlicrv in,

■■•Ttw iMraw «'Ui Bii (m|io»lnx atnuiuti' fttr ili* iIhii:<>, nail iliitv mil iipw irfvc ■mrirci
M» of R* tbcB apixAMDer, Tnn Ike fact thai kbout une-thlrd of Its IniKtli on Iht nonh
«■• inki'M dowii aBil llir wimmIrb eeUmge anw NtBndlng lliere liullt upon 111 ilte. Till* ttai
twoiifhl alHWI (ID ■cnmnl at ah latpmrv Aniiulallnn at (hi^ nortli rod, which raoicil t1 tu
IMdc aoil tbaw tlffua of lUanjc, *nA wat laken ihiva irttlitn ili« mr-mory or iicr>oiu now
Ur\m$. A look at Um tnmt rl«aih>a will rvrral ita or1|[l>ial pm[urlt(in, (pbubucIi aa llw
oniral wUiAitw of ih« Ibna wnili ow* Ha> vrMaait* tb« evvtn ut IIm nvKli and mniUi
IUd *■— ^. /r . in froMne* Jmrnai.

OUR TBENCH ALLIES. 33

however, an advanta;>:i>ou» situation for n camp upon the hl^h ground,
ft-om wbt^nce we can hliidvr tiie ent'tny from forming mid witlidruwing
thwiiselvvs from the Are of llicir ciuiiioii. It raiglit servo n.s a cnrnp of
observatiou. On my return I gnve a narticiilar account of this matter.

"You know. My Ueiieriil. llie KJtuatl<m of the town of Warwick. It is
mere foliy to attempt to defeml it, in case llie enemy makes a descent in
Its neighborhood. I there found some works begun. I thouglit It my
duty not to oppose the desire of the roinniamlaiit. We liave liierefore
comlnued to prolon;; tiiem, with some ro^iiihirity, adapted to the ground.

" The hame niglit I returned to Providence and gave an account to the
Governor of the dllllculty of deleiidiiig tlie town, and that the poHt ought
t«i be evacuated. I liave sent him an order of retreat for liie detachment,
with the out-guards, and requested liim to drive from I'awtuxet the great
number of cattle and forage, which arc on tlie Seek. I cannot doubt but
from lt«i Hituatlon, tliut is the place where the enemy will make their
descent, if they him).

"I think. My General, ttifit after making efforts at l'»wtuxet, and all
along the river, we ought to defend Providence, and there engage them.
I presented la the Governor four reasons to support this determination.
I believe the |)liiee wiiere I am, will, in a month, be out of danger of a
covpdemaia In that case, a general who slinll comnmnd a force, sup-
porting his left, and extending ohliqnely on the right, will cover Boston
and that province; and I do not believe the enemy dare enter Connecticut,
and by that means separate themselves iVom their vessels, wliich is their
place of arms ; nor are they no numerous a^ to render ttiemselves masters
of the river."

Under the same date, he writes : "I should go t«-duy to
Bristol and Ilowland's Ferry, but it snows to such n degree
that there U no travcllitig." Of the local mihtary asijeet he
gives the following description :

" Notwithstanding the proximity of the enemy, and the ease with which
tlii-y muy land, E do not see alwve six or .seven hundred men at Warwick;
one thousand or eleven liundred here; four hundred citizens, at the most,
ready to take arms, and only one company of artillery. The colonels of
the regiment do not know wliere to rendezvous. In case of alarm; I see
no posts established ; I see no artillery in motion, nor any preparations
for that purpose. No exercise at cannon, notwithstanding the great want
of Instruction.

" MeantlEue. the enemy are ten thousand. They do not make any gen-
eral movement; but they can, in one tide, embark In flat-bottomed boats,
and land at Warwick Neck, and arrive at Providence In four hours, that
town is worth such an attempt at this motuent. It is very important, on
account of the great quantity of inerchaodlze and ships in its port. I
S

34 RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

cannot nccouiit Tor tlie coiiditct uf the En^Udli fteiivruls, If tbcy li:ivc rooU
intelligence. The people here ^\\v themselves up to n Ii-thnrKk- hien,
bccau.se they are not nuiiierou.«, mid bee:iiisc they serve as a ileTenslve post
to Hhotle Ishtnil. The Amerieiiiis oiicht to Tear the Illusion; for thL>HC
two moiitlis it has been very destnictivc."

Provision wiis imiilo for the (leiicnirs accoiiim(Kliition in
tbe house of widow Eliziibeth Arnold, whieh proved to be
very satififjietory to him. He appears to have been active in
the discharfje of his duties, and to have sttMjd well approved,
but Washington having sent two eontinental general officei"s
to Providence competent to perform the duty of engineers,
and the Genend Assembly considering the heavy dcmiuids
upon the State treasury, felt constniined to close their rela-
tions witii tlio General, which they did " with ii very grateful
remembrance of his abilities, activity and zeal,'' and n gift
of £50. In acknowledgment of the courtesies shown him,
he wrote to Governor Cooke its follows :

"MoitmsTowx, May U»th, 177T.

"HiiNouAni.K Sill: — I'erinit nio to remind yoii that the Awsenthly of
Rhode I.-laiui, in coiisideralion of the small uuiiilter of troops ralse<l in
that State, (wliicli was a prudent measure, and from wise motives of
economy.) resolved to dismiss iheir three hriyaditr-Kenerals, It even
cou descended lo offer me a j^nililleatiiin for my st'rvi<'es, as a teslimony of
their saU>lac'iion ; and Your Honor hsis heen pleased, likewise, to nialte an

;advautiti:eous n.'presentatioi) of my conduct ; nil wiilcb. does me honor,
and has disposed the llnnoralde (.'on;;ress. His Kxeellency and all worthy

.persons to thinic favornlily of me: lioivever, this ^ood di>pi)sttion towards
luc is not universal: fur evil-minded people, ever ready to miseon.strue

•factx, have interpreted my dismisalou In a manner hi<;hly Injurinus to my
reputation.

"I know and retipect the j^ood intentions of the gentlemen wtio cum-

. pose your Assembly ; and tlierel'ure cannot heticve thai they iiieaiil tii do
me harm In sending me to the army; and after premisin;: (his. I siiall hes-
itate not u moment to ac<|ualut yon wltli the snhject of my ujiprehvnsions
and uuensliiess. imping from a eontinnanee of {rood ollli-e>, to remove the
prejudices and malicious Insinuations of the uintevolcnt aiiainst my char-
acter.

" I came into America with the consent of the Frencli K'-niTids. and upon
assurance that my services here would be asri-eabie to my country. I um
obliged to render them an account of my conduct In the arndes of the

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 35

Stalon. I couUl not do this better tlmii by liironnlng them that through
the rocoiiiiiicii(lntloi) ami confldciicc of Geiierni Lee the Stiite of Rhode
lHl:iiid liHN hoiiorG<l mi; with the riiiilc of 13ri;;ndlGr-Geiu<rnl; iiud I've just
miw rocoivcd the Geiiernl of Mnrtiiiluo's comiinmeiita therfupoii.

'■ If tlie ri-i>iitation of a French ollk-er through the afleetiou of his coiiii-
trjr for your cause, be al>soliitcly esublli'lied, by his fiilllllin!; his duty In
your aniiiv.s, I be:; yon will consider how critical the sltuutlon the bare
nnspiclon of the contrary must brln^ him into; my dismission after Uvc
months' [>romotloii must necessarily leave some susiiicion^ in a kingdom
where the spirit of honor and K"od conduct can alone reconimtnid to and
maintain olUcers In posts and phices.

" He pleased to put a favonilile constrnctlon on my Infinietude. I know
not what judj;miiit the people in yeneral of this continent may pass on
these matters, nidess 1 may be iillowid to form an Idea from the expres-
sive letter which General AVashlnifton wrote upon the subject.

" Wherefore, since my services at Khodelslcind have met \rttli your appro-
bation, permit me, through Vonr Honor, to ask a favor of the Assembly,
that will be of iiillnite service to me, Yonr Honors dismissed me fi'om
the maxims of economy, and because you had but few troops. I entreat
you will ayain houor me with the rank of Bri^jndier- General, without any
pay, and without the least pretenslou of ijcing employed by you, unless
Tour Honors should think proper to deninnd my services. This will be r
rank merely honorary, which will eonlirm the distinction you formerly
conferred on me without any solicitation on my part.

"If the principles of your udmiinsiration, sir, permit yoti to pay any
attention to what so essentliilly concerns my reputation, and to grant my
petition, be pleased to grant this rank to Monsieur Frau(,'oIs de Molmedy,
Colouel. The Congress sent me thU commission on the 10th May. lo
which ease there will be no degrudatlou, nud I shall enjoy In trauqulUIty
the effects of your bounty,

" I am, with profound respect, honored sir,

" Yonr most obedient and very humble servant,

(Signed) y Oy

"To Honorable Governor Cookk."

The Colonial Records do not show that any action was
taken upon General Malmcdy's rc<|U08t. There may have
been reasons of State for not calling the attention of the
General Assembly to the subject.

The Marquis Do Fleury passed a consideniblc time in
Providence, and while here held very intimate relations with

?fi RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

the lion. Theodore Foster, with whom he boai"ded, and who
entertained for him a high esteem. Mr. Foster represents
the Colonel as " sociable, jocose, and very agreeable in con-
versation, of a free, libend turn of mind in matters of
religion." September 13th, 1778, he went to Bristol, and
i-eturncd to Provident-o on the 24th. October 4th he left.
Providence to join Washington. lie was an oflScer of supe-
rior ability, and served In the American army as Captain,
Snb-Inspcctor under Steuben, Adjtitant-Genenil under Lee,
and Ijieutenant-Colonel. For distinguished services at Fort
Mifflin and at the battle of the Brandyvvinc Congress pre-
sented him ^ith a horse. He served gallantly under Sulli-
van on Rhode Island, and for the brilliant part he took in
the atorniing of Stony Point received the commendation of
Wayne. Congressvoted him thanks and a silver medal. The
•medal was j>robably never in his possession. It appears to
have been lost, how and when are unknown, in Princeton,
N. J., where it was found in 1850. De Fleury accom-
panied Hamilton in a visit to D'Estning in 177**. to conuuu-
nicate AVashington's views in regard to mutual operations.
Washington speaks of him as "an amiable and valuable
efficer," whose sen'ices he had received on numerous occa-
sions.

In 1780 he placed himself under the command of
Rochambeau, and served at Yorktown. The following let-
ter written by the Colonel at Yorktown subseciuently to the
capitulation, addressed to James Duane, a member of the
Continental Congress from New York, and recently brought
to light, exhibits an admirable, patriotic spirit. It is printed
without any coiTCction of an imperfect orthogi-aphy, pardon-
able in a foreigner of that period :

" Dear Sir

"I have wrott to yoii twice clnrinf^ tlic Biegc, I hope my letters arc
arrlv'd Mk Into your liandH : but I couldn't forbear conp^mtulating you on
thlB Lucky and gloriuas event. Our successes hnve not Indeed costed very
dear to oh; however you inuat not meaiiure our i^iory, by the dangers we

OITU FRENCU ALLIES. 37

run lo obtain it, but by tlicir utility, ('ornwnllyx. the »oiitlii>ru Lyoi), Imst
been very tame to lis ; he hail neither teetli, nor chiws, OihI bl(;s«i him, for
he has diim! no mitichicr. We shall 1 hope hy this last blow yet the better
of the )iritti!>h olistiiiaey to enslave amerkii. Don't yon think that the
Congres we have li»Ul at York will promote pence sooner than Ihe Coiiyres
iit vrenini? If we eonki hold the next session at churh-htown, [ do not
<)nestir>n but we should come to au end of this war next spring. Mr. Oe
grusse is sailed yesterday morning nflor the brlltish licet, which eame in
si;;ht and disappeared; if we heiir aiiylidnk of an action, you sliall have
the parileiilars. U'e expect to take our (iiiarters at Lampton [Hampton?]
york and wiUiainshiirsh. The nmerican army will divide, part to your
liiver, part to urcen's army. }>eneral Washington, O'"'' <"j""'"- 's y»lnf!
back to yiiur Country, which 1 hope he will protect, from the Indians of
nin;;ara and new york.

" fivrcwell. and believe mc forever with great respect your devoted and
oblijteit servant and friend

■'Fleiiry
"i Dined yesterday with Lord Coruwnllya & o'hara; i«;issobokl as lo
inquire of the Lord, why they took so many nigros, by (loil said he whe
had no other alllee.H left iu this Country, you forget did i answer, your
faithfuU friends the itulians

"31 October 1781 Cninp near york."*

Oil returning to France the Colonel was miidc a Field
Marshnl.

Worthy to be associated with I)e Fletiry is Charles
Animnd TuHn, Mnrqnis do la Itonerie, who was bom at the
Castle of do la Hoiierie, near Basonge in Brittany, in 175(5,
and early entered a regiment of the French Guards, under
the cointnand of the Duke de Biron. lie came to America
early in the struggle between the colonies and the mother
eonntry, and near the elo.se of his voyage narrowly escaped
death, Init succeeded in prcsenirig (lespatches fi-om Dr.
Fnnikiiti i)Iaced in his care by Captain Anderson of the ves-
sel in which he sailed, anil in delivering them to Congress.
May 10, 1777, he was eonnntssioned as Colonel in the conti-
nental army.

The Alaninis saw much sor^'ice in the Xortli and at the
South. He commanded an independent legion, with which

*Ni-w York Kvoning I'oi-t, Outobi-r IS, ItU^t.

RHODE tSLANt) DT THE BKVOLTTTKW.

he prti-ticipjitcd in the siege of Vorklowii. After llie surren-
der of (Jdrnwiiilis, Ijr was directed to n'[>nrt to (Jenenil
Greene in the I>epai-tmont of the South. Mafcb 2G, 1783,
he was ennimit^sioncd ii Itrlgadier-Genernl. He wiw u brave
and HI) efficient officer, and was greatly esteemed Iwth hy
A^'nshinu:ton and Rochamlieaii. Coiijarrcss passed vcrj' coni-
plimi,'iit«ry reaohtfions in nttknowIedgTiicnt of his servicec.
In 1784 he returned to Franoe, where he particiiwtcd iu the
excitinjr I'vents of llie time;?, ile died in 1T!*2 of grief for
tlie exL'ciitidn of Lonis XVI., to whom he was fnilhfnily
devoted."

Baroti De Kalb vnis bom in Geminny. and in early life
entered the French service, in which he continued forly-two
ycare. On his ari-ival in America ho [ifrore<l his services to
tho CongiTss. which were flc<icptcd. He was commisHionod
n Mnjor-Genenil, and commanded the right wing of the
iinny under Genersil Gates, in the battle near Camden, S. C,
in ivh!c-h he was mortally wonnded.

■An fnifrrtTltis Ucmotrof Ike H«rqul«, vrrlltra br Townivnd Wtud. Ew)., of ttillAfM.
plllit, b i>ulilt>Ncil In tlir IViinijIvnaIn UftKiuInn of niilorj nnil DiD|t«phr( 'Ol. lit No> l>
liCR, llliulralnl with a Itnely rnffrnrt^ porri-Rll.

BAKRArKH.— On paK" 1* dmibt* wmw cxiwn-fd wliellior b«mwrk»w<Te pr»ctnl on I lie
Ull-*Me wnl uf (he tort on I'rmnH'Cl lEUL Mnn- thai imfft- «w prlntri a iXuj hu been

ptMtd in my liktiiln III Mhli-li I llinl Ihr fiitlinriiix i-nlT] :

"I7K. JiiiirSI. TItclMmtckaUndliiKoii Hip luml of Dr. Wllllnm Dowva wu lolil Uilt
rlaj at pnbllc vumliir lo Ibc >iUd L>r. llowra Tor il dullnn •pretr."

A« th»laDil upon which 3tajor .'•umnf r pro|io«rd lo rrMt the bnimdti vai ownnl br I^.
William thinrn, llir aburr nKlract iiukui 1( apimrtliat. Ibpy ncrc built.

KfiTK— It appMra IImI prior iu ImHok Fmbiw, tjUhjrHtA (nlrrrd Into an agrpeinml
wHIi !)flai t>niiH-, ihi>« In raH> » a jmIUImI »f»d fnwBivnial afrnl gf CQngrim to pto-
L-nn dot III nf, arm -I atKl aauDMintlkm, by whkh ww t-nrnttit tn tlir Airmrr Ihr rank or
Malnr-limcral. nlilch Mr. Ihranr ba^xnl raonn-iu ii> ^onlimi. ^IniHar rMiinu^n wera
insdf- with tti.^ R«n>ii IV Kalb, tmd nlhcr oWff r» llit«idiii< lo IdfottT^ Hielr mlMlarr ftrr
tUOM wKh Ilie uiuilDcntal «tnic(lr tat • natioualil.v, llx-w contract* nrv rmhnn-d in
tlie Drant paitpn. aou In pauriiloii o* iIm> Trromri 1 '•■partiiH-iJl In Watlilnrlun. Ilwj
wpo- iHM-wti-n-l a fftr^i<an njr> bj lapliila n. A. ilaj^ltr. of tbe Tttamirr I>riiMim«^,
■nd w*ti! Hnt fuibliihrd In IIib Crmtdruiv tmlng rma. TIioib of Laraj <aip and Dp
Kalh am htn jin-antlHl a* f urauMW l« IhU liamtif e. Tli* artlKiicmpli)' of Uw orlKlaali
lia* aoi bcra ctiaairnd.

OUR FItKNCH ALLIES.

UAVAYKTTftli COirmALT.

" La il»lr i^ur noiiiiilrur Iv iiinniuti d* lafh/HIr uttntoe, At wnlr dans 1p> Iranpca Art
Ernt* unli tk> l/iiiur-ri<|iir l^.-plpii(rlaii«lF, i'( I.'icilrrM iju'tl [ir«iii| s Id Juntlcv ■!<• Ivitr (suiv,
lay r>tMiil AO-utiiiilrr iln ocrd^lucn d^ Sc lilrliitfciirr h Ia (rurm-. rt d* SV rt-iMlrf dIII«
•Blaul r|ir)l arn cii ley ; iiMii ric |viutaiit Sc flulFrd'ubtriilt ■.'■(cn^iifn I •■« Sa Atiiniri- )i>>iir
Mrv(r en l'ii}^ii;lni'>ir<^i.-( [>«Hrr 1k» men, (jirnuTaut iiu* II y Irut* iMuniit Ulllricr tivui'ml,
J^ar orfl ii«|iuutofr mivux urvir )n»n I'ayn i-l dh-i romniriUiits quVii lu; an'uirfHuC lui
IKWn du ItTi iHinaiiiUii < uiijcrtu, I* jirnili' do nii^iir f<>at'-r.tl i)up Jr Mijiplle I» rlHl* lie tujr
vmllraitT, rallllrr rl tn Dtlr^ KxptJIrr t»Cainailiutoiii>uur iniln-t prindrr ratitf Bciitnpttr
4* «o}iiHr, avcc Iv* nlBrkin (IiWruit ilii uiniir ktm'W. tin ^IUII^ aal»BiMv, Si-* alllim:**,
Irs grantlxi dIjtiillVB qui.- u r»iiilll( |iiiii>Mi! vn cv <'>>nr, mu Mviii ei>«aldi>rul>k> ifi <* Riijr.
■nm*, son laiTlitr iienoDiwI, ^k rL-puiaiiuu, ."ton dpilntrtvtM'merit, rt Siir1«iii t^n i«]« |Mur
Is lltNtrti^ <t« iioa I'ruTlnoifi. ni'dut (vulii jiO t>iij(UjrT ■ luy (ulrp 1a pruinvMt ilii<ll( jcrajlc do
uatJtH jrwiiTBl.nii tiuiii ilvHllia Llitu unit. Li> foyilwiuoj j'af Plgiw I* iiiMfrit.rnll • Pari*
N'pl Xlirt. nifl >i-jil «-n[ ."<jii«»lK SrUp.

Auk ri>ii<litl<ii» critri^iii. Jc ni'iiiTh' ■■( prciniH ilr jmrllr qnand ri ruiiimml Muiialmr
iKrnnrlitJiizrtu ui>r<ip>i<>, (Hiur r^rtii Ij-xdit* Klnl^aM-c tuul k- ii-lc puMlblc .*^an< aiic«ii«
(Wiuiloo uf ttahnnHit |Mill<uil|rri nil' rMvivaiil !ii>iilpiii»iil In Ulwrli- df ip<»nlt en tUiro[)»,
LonqM nut flunDk mi mod U«r mc mivtlwoHi fall a t'arl* oc ^])t Xbrv 17i*-

If n. dt lanijcilc.

Tkn ai*ti Ihat thp liarjiila dp f,aAi;i«'lii- ha* *1iu>m in m-xi lu i))« aioij: of Um) IJnllod
Nat«aor North Auwrlt'H, mid Itic inltri.-tl thai he lukii in tlivjuftln* «r Ihcbcaiite laal;-
tllC him nisli for opiHirtuidllo to dUtliiftuiiili blinsrlf In tliv Hur. an'l to makr hiimiflf iistv
All ta ilwn a* Mi'teli ii* In lilm lln; liul, nul tM^lti^ablv to oblnlii llipct)iiM>iiI iir Id* dually
|i?»crTvlDaforrli(ni.i>UHlr]r and to rron tlipocran, cxwpt on Ihc eondtlloti Ibal )i( dioulil
Itv at a p^iFTa) oinmr, I liiivr IidI1c«><1 (linl I <n«id ii'il terre mjr eoiiutTj am] njjr Miprrluri
bplliT Itiiiii by grariiliix lu lihn. lu llic iiaini- vf lliu terv liimuni til'' (.'uukrm, Ihr rnuk of
N4|or lirunal. wlilcli 1 Ink tbr ^talr« U» (aanrm ami raiir.r. and to Mihd furward hU tarn-
mlMJoB lo fiiabli- liliii 111 [like ami tiulil raak, «M)iitIii( fKnii lo iInv, wtili itip jci'iirrat oA-
oeriuf iIk' latiic urortt-. II U lilxh blrlli. Iif> fuiiEicciloiiK, III*? gnM dlri)li)f> tut Id liy hi*
nuiillr «l lliln (^Mirl. Idi (vuililrralik |iui>ci>luni In l)i<* Lintnlimi. lii-> |HT4-nial iiictil. hia
r*paiai|iiii. Iil> iliitiiiFn-iir-liH'", and, aliuir h11, lili muiI (or ilii' iVn^Uitu iif out mliinlp*,
batvaloiir b*«n iiMi' lo liiiluci' rncto laakr thl> |iromU« ofllit Mtd rank uf Unjor-tidu-ral,
III Ibe uaiiic t>f tltr >alil I'litivd >lai(-«. In ii<iiir» iir irhk'h I hair alxricd thmr jirt-iaiU,
iIpiMiai l*nri«, I1ili> kv ri-ath of l>c(ub<;f, •tTi-nu-rn lunidn-il uiiil irvcnit.'lx.

Ta tbr at-iHi- ci>THlili(>ii> I aKirr. ami |in>Tiil>i- in •lad vhrti and how Ur. Iiraai- uliall
jMilga b proja^, lo •MOlhrrald Simlt-n wllliull jMiwdbl* xral. «rl)li no BlIoHaum nnr piltala

Mlarr, rfMrrliif lu nijMlf onlf tlie rislH lo n-turii iv l^rvp* whciwriT my fluuUj or n;
kiBC ahall rroill tna ; iIori- at l^rla tbU •rrcalli <lar uT (fclutm. KTH.

(KlgHOll) TlIH llAiigi i« nK LArAIXTTK.

KAR»» UR KAU'a nOMTRAOT.

tm namu De Ralli lH<Iair iuItUkI hy ■ami' <>vnerala oT i)ip ht)thr>l rvputallon and by
HT(>n»|iKli«'r K»bl<nw>n or th<^ llri>t tank In IhU rr«llD. to fvrrv ttir caiKc of l.lbcnjrlD
AatPiii'a, lia aoairdliiKl; uBtrr* hit wriliwa tu tlir auMi tioncirablr t.'nagrr**, on Ibn IblloK'
llV li^na*-

1. To bp uiad* m Mnjurfiriirral of I1i« Amrrlmi Troopi M Ihr np|«ltiini»nii of tiM

Majiit llt-iirrala la IIibI •rrilii', ullli all iilhcr |jm|ul>llri lii-ii>li(tlli|t 10 Ibal Hank, braidri
B(«rilcular ««m lo hr altomnt to lilm aniiiiiiIlT, which li» nlll iii>i ■Ipli-milnt', b«l trij- uu It
for Otr riMijpTu, tH>|>]Bit ilwy will ctirnddcr Iho dUTirtMicp tlioni b. I^lwrcii tliHr own
Coaittlryairn, wloi arv lli Wiili IfUiiud lu dirfr-ail Itirlr all, aiHl ■ fnn'lgwr who out iif hli
owa aomrdoftr* lils IIikp, Hia biWp lili faiuUt alTatn l" liatnnl lil* IIIVfl>r tW AmrriCBii
Ulirrtti-a. nw labl »p)HrUitiiruU l« tM^ln ftatn Itala day MAijtiitntf Itaa fcv*Mtli--i;;8.

40 RHODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLrTION.

Snd. Thnt Mr. It^nnf* wDl TurnWh him prvM-nfly k hefnTv embarking with a Hum of
twelvp tlioui>aiLil livn-n frenrli money, iianidy fiOOO to b*- comidercd anil grlvcn if a gratifl-
callon for tIJC npcri>i>iir5 expcniKB attending bucIi an Kmnt, and tli' otliiT flOOO as an
advance upon bin a]i|)(>lntiiifnta.

3rd. Tlinl CnprHlit TliiboU martin aiid another (ieiiticman who Ije Baron l>e Knlb Shall
nominate In tlmi>, may bv ngTwA as majors to be liln aid <.\u ('amps at Ibe ap|K)lntmrnt4 of
•mcrlcan otniirs or the Same Itank, anil tli» »um of 'MOO,, or hI It-a-'t lMOO,, be [laid to eftch
of tlipm prcH-ntly or berore embarking. Ilif Imlf of which as a firalitlcatiou & tbe other
half At an advunoe, the raldappulntmi-ntn bpf(inn''iR too from tliiit day.

4th. That In cam- the reace n-na niude uf their Ijtndln^ In america, ortbal the Cunf^M
would not (n^nt these demand M, and ratify the present afiri-ement, or thai the llaron dc
Katb himself dhoulit on any other accouni & at uny Time liirline 1o relurn t<i KHroiM", that
he be alluweit to do so, and bwldes be furnUh with a snlllelent sum of money for the
Kxpensei) of hia comlnf; back.

On the abuve ('oiidltiunn, [ en);u|;e nnd promise to serve the anierienn States to tile
utmost iif my nbllllle>i, to acknowledgt^ the authority unit every art of thv mo't honorable
ConKresK, be fuilhfiill to lh« Connrry aa if iny own, obey to Superiors fommilli-d by that
TAwfull I'uwer, and be fnim this very duy at the iIlsiHiial of Mr. Ih^Hiie for my embarka-
tion and In such vedhol and harbour as he shull think 111. Witness my hand, In I'arU
noveiuberye >M-veuIh in the yeitr one thousand seven huudreil seventy-six.

(Signe<l) |>K K.M.n.

Reed, of SIIh!I Deane at I'lirla Novr. £!nd 1771! Sixteen Thousnud l-^ight Hundred l.ivn.un
acct. of the above.

(SigneTl) liK Kai.b.

N B paid (9400 In I'ath
& turn by a Bill on Mesm. Eh-Iap*.

A joint contract was hI!<o maile out for Chnrlen Louis, Viscount de Mituml, Chevalier
I>udouiM-an de Fiiyolle, and de Sonnevlllc, the former lo be made u Mnjor-I.iciicral, and
the latter lo be hU flldB-de-camp, wlih the rank res)H-i'tlvely of Lleulfniiult'olniiel and
Major. The salaries, bounses and other terms were defined. The name i>f the i'lie^'aller
<le Sonnevllle was not signed to the eontract, and there Is no mention of iliesi- iilheiTi' any-
where lu the rei'ords of the army. Il is Ihouj^ht probable thai llii-y did not come to .Amer-
ica. It will ho si-en that In his contrnct Ijifayelte alone silpnlalcil to serve wllliyiit |>iiy.—
a Blipulallon reiu-wed In his oppUcatlon to Coujiress for the runk of Hjuorlienernl.
AlthoUfch thi» rank was conferred upon him In Tnrls by Mr. lleiine, and may have In-en
known to blx I'amily and lo tlie king. It diH's not ripiH'ar lo have caused Ihem lo look wlrh
favor upon his pvopiisii] American ailventure.or to liuvc Induced the government lu riTrain
ftom inea^nre* lo prevent lis consummaiion.

Mr. t*llH$ IV'Hue, by wlKmi Ihe.-tc eontraeln were made, wa^ eho-^en by t'ongress an .Vin-
bassudor lo Krance. and served In connexion with Franklin and .lelPerson. In 1777 he was
recalled. lie suffrreil, as is not unfn'<|nently the exirerience uf piiblle men, from misrep-
resentations of ills ofllclal acts, but Dr. Kranklln testllied to hia (lUiiuuUlied iiilecrlly in all
his Iransaclloni' for OniKress. lie was n m.in of xlrong menial endowments, an eurne.st
patriot, nnd H victim of determined enemies. He wa* born In tirolon, t'onn., l>eceniljer
21, 1737, and died In Deal, Kn^land, August :>3, 17HU.

10

y.if'Ur i*r. »%!■ r\ fhf REVoLiTTny,

VfrA T''»" •*■ r*.... ■'? r^.«..(i 1 i-wMtN' % 't>-(i<r>- <'>niiiirk:iii: vttli a -urn -rf

**r-V» *(•"■! I kxil '■< -1 1 rt« iM '. trj i».T iiitiirt-J- iHMt VI III! >-<iii4ii|i-^*<t luil ^"'''■i ifi ^ jracif!-
'it'i"n f'fF <■•■ !■• ■•■^■•i I •]■••>••• 4>t> iiiliiiK <iM'>i tn Kn-iiii mil *ti -■tli>-r 'Bant ar ma
a&nn-*t- ij^.i. III! ■|<|F"tiiir>.>n<i

Jtr'). f )>•■■ < iiji<>;i> lhi).>i> ii>iriiii mil iiirs'ii'r lu-iii'i'iiinii viii i.r !tBr>in [V kAlh ^'lal',
nfirtt'ifm**- ill *iriii Mini In «f*«4-1 ■« tii'^'oi^ ' > Th- *ti*< till h- ■ .iiiip^ tr 'hi- juifiiinriufar-* 'if

«m*rI'-Bn "ffi i n-' «■«!. Ii«tih. «ii.< ■'»■ <ii->i ■■! ni«*' . -r ii '■ «.-i ;•»•', 'w ;iuii| ■■■ -».-a

*if llicrn [in'iiiTi .■■ I- I. !• . i..».rt-k-";i iiii I ■•! ■t'iii-<i i< I J— ir-m-at-i'ii X "'It- .'lh*r

hnU h' nn n'l' Bi" • . •*>• m"! i»ri»i'ii''-i.. in h. (i-i-ii .^ ■!<■■ 'Tiim *'ii- i«"

4Jh. 1lmilii»^*i i'»«- l'»<»^ • *» ri.i.lr j: -fn'i- t ^'•lii-ijf n *'iir«''»-v -t 'tn: "'if » - Qff^#*

would n'lt Brum I'l- " ■'■ nimi-U. .p.l -mv- ■'-»■ n-"-**- ijt— .n ' t • la: ■ ••■ H*.--'i 'if

KkIIi ti[lli«ll ili'iiilil "ii dill litlirt ■.1^-1, T.: A !■ «i- ■■111 ■■«■■■ ini .1 -I'-ir-i - • t.i-i r*. - :>;
li^ lif- RlliiiTf <l I" ■!■> '-1, mill l«*i.»n h.' ?v— ,..o »■■> J -ii-lliMi'<i; -ii-u 'f' -»■ .ir- ■ r ;i*
Ki|i''i)«a c>r liU •-■•H-liiH I'ni'l.

''rj flif nli-'W- f ifiii1iiliiii<>, 1 '-iikH^ liTii! f-ri'R !*r ■■ ■ *f^if -'u- jni»""iTn ^'i--* - -'it
ntiii'ial iii iin iitilllili-., In iii'kin'H liv)^ 'In «i.r'i ■— .n »- - n--— «.-; -i ■ '.■ — . •-- ■■-. r»Sw
I '111(1 1 ", t» full Mull 111 I 111' I imlitri ■> -.1 ir' .■■■ r.. -■■• > '.- ■««--'« "i'--* .■■■■:- "- ■; ?- t'-j;
I, DO Cull !'■•* II , Dii-I Im- Iniiti llii- II >i ilin >; "i .'i':*!-*' .■ 1|" ■.»»*■■ " - -. ■ ■ v iftT^a-
ll-iii liiiil III •iirli M'"i'l Hiiil >iBr|iiiiir ■> Ih hIibII :I.ii.L r' W -v<v '•.- 'a.:-: 'l I'mr.*
wiM mill I ^1- m'l I'lilli III Itir \rMi nii« IlmuMilhl M «i'U lll^tf^i^si -« i . r.~> .^'\

(■•lyiii'il : i k iLK.

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kii I III lli< lit

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I llr >i»iiii.i nil., ilii' fHrnii^t- !■> hr inailr a Majiirticm-ml. and

1.1 1 mil* ill' i'iiiii|i, « iili iIh' rniil. n-«pmli'c1r nf I.li-nTi>nani-i '(•Irtiicl ajid

mil- - ■ml iillii'r Ifnn* wimi. thiflnMl. TIm. iiaim- 'it tin' ' liFi-Bjier

yiti-ii III ilii ri III 1 rur I , aiiil iIh^D' !• nn iiti'iitimi nf lhe>M* nffinT* ant-

I -tu ■Mill . Ii i» lt(iMi|;ti'l (iroliHtilf itiKi tIk-i iliil imi rniiii' In \nii"'-

1 III IJ* r.itili'iir'l 1jtlK^''ni. alum- *-Tl|iiiljir I'll To ^t^ryt- h irh.u:: p:M —

111 till i<|i|.lli'iittiiii ii. ( micTi — f.T Ilii- niiik nf Vv-' I ■'■II' -»;.

I'l i.li mil ijjoiii III III III T'lii-i- ti" Mr. IS hii( , luni n.ii . 'lU' ■ tni'n

I ii. till' kiiijr, I' il'H- lull H|i;iiiir li. Iinvi nin-i'i] iIh'Ij. '•. ii.iL witti

\ r.ii M. HM N'Im ll'lll'i-. I.| lo bj,\i ilhllTh'r.ij Ibi ^'..1 |.:'IL]UI'I|' 'If ^''Traill

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il'ii'Tjiif-MlIt Till- i\iM,.ii-iin III fiiili'i.' Ill

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li. iTrr lie wa*

1> 1 .11 lll,lll'.;lll lilij Till 1 XIM ,■■! lirt III |ll.Ii'l, IIII Tl. fl-olli Tlli-n'p-

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■ ■' 'l> 'I I 111 nil il i-iii-iiiii '.. Ill mi- Uii-i; in iir.i;.iii. I unn., 1 ii'ci'iiiIht
•■il. I.hlIhii'I. Xiik'i'-' ■-"■ >'>■■'■

^

PART rr.

ii<,ft-ERN"OR> OmtE AND tiREENX

DEPtTTrJI'i-v-EaN'tAttM BB.\[>W}S.O aXD BO>WTr>-.— THE BRITISH
I>" NEWPORT— OESIRAI, aPT3fCEE'3 CAKP-UOS.

^ "S the openirur aod pm«rrp»t- of the Kt*voIiition. Rhixle
^^ r-lanU wx-* excee<iiQjrIy fijitniuite in h»^r chief magia-
tratei^. Niirhob.'i! Cooke, of Pmvi«leD<:e. *.i<jTerTior from
1775 to 177?t ; ;infl WilliAin Greene, of Warwiok. Governor
fmrn 177'* to I7Hti, were Iwth men of nntirina energy an»l
devoted patnotism. They nppreciated the vahie of the
stake fnr which the confedenition wa.-* playin;^. and heartily
supported every mea<inre ralciiL-ited to insure it* suivess.
Aware nf the exiMJt^d condition of Rhode I^hind, with its
lon^ line of tinprotected isear-coaot, Governor Cooke was
deeply :soliciton.-i that "ea^jnahle mea.-iiires mi^ht t>e adoptetl
to insure safety to the State. He therefore, March ll>.
177(1, addressed a letter to General Washington, then at
Cambrid;2:e, -solii-itin^ hU assiiittance. ~The sin^^ilar situa-
tion." he ifavr^, "^vill, we hope, excite your Excellency*!*
immMiaie attention. Khofie Island, and many other islands
in our ^>a.^^s and river*, with the extensive sea-coast, render
It veri- diffi..-ult to defend ourselves against the present min-
isterial fort-OS. AVhat our situation must he should a large
armed force make a landing upon Rho<.le Island, or any
other jKirt of the colony, your Excellency may as easily
6

42 RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

suggest .'is wc can descrilie. It will, we are sure, be your
Excellency's greiit concern to defend every part of the con-
tinent iis far as possible. Should your Excellent-y see tit to
order any part of the forces from the vicinity of lloston, to
any of the southern colonics we could wish your Excellency
would order their march through this colony by the sea-
shore, that we miglit have the chance of their being present
should the colony be immediately invaded ; and [to con-
sider] whether it may not be necessary that a considemble
force should be immediately stationed here, till the intention
of the enemy can be known, we also submit to your Excel-
lency."

Washington felt the force of this appeal, yet situated as
he was, straightened for arms and ammunition, he could not
readily comply. In the following letter, however, he
expresses a sense of the danger to which the State is
exposed, and indicates the only method iu his power to
render scn'ice :

" rAMMitiDOB, March lilst, 1770.

"Sir:— Your fnvors orthcmthand lOtii instnntl rcceiveil.aiul am sorry
to hear that your militia are so (lutlcl«nt Iti arm>t. I Rni' the mi.srortiiiie is
too common; nor do [ know how It will be remedied. In this army,
although I liave pursued every mode I conid device, for procnrlng them,
there Is still a groat deliciency ; iiud a cou^ldemhle iuiml)vr ol' men with-
out any in their Imiids.

"The peculiar situation of llhode Island, and tiic exteutdve sea coast,
had not escaped my mind. I well know the ent-my have It in theii' power
to do it comsiilcrable damage, unless there is a sutiicient forte lo repel
their attempts.

" But it Ls Ihe opinion of tho general oOiccrs here, that their destination
U against New Yorlt ; the Imporlaiice of whkh (as it secures thi: free and
only communication between the northern and sontiiern roionles, which
will be entirely cut off l>y their possessing It, und give them the command
of Hudsou'i' river, and iin easy pass Into Canada), miikei^ it absolnlely and
Indispensably net.-es,'<ary for the whole of this army, which l.i Iml incon-
siderable, except that part of It which will be left here to secure tiie stores,
barracks, and other puijlic property, to be marched from Its defence with
all possible ospedltlon. It is an object that should command our llrst
attention, and if lost, will he of the most fatal consequence to us iu the
present unhappy and interesting struggle.

OUB FBEKCH ALLIES. 43

" Lest any nttompt shoukl be mnde ngaliist you, I sliiill give orders to
the officers coiiiiniiiKlIng bilfimlus, if they have Intelligence of :iii invasion
upon their iiinrch, that they forthwith return to yoiip succor. I shall also
order the olHcer who will be left here, to do the stime with the troops
under his conitnHnd. whenever occasion mny require It.

"Ajrrcealily to the request nmrto by you, and your Honorable General
Assembly, I shall, with cheerfulness jinil pleasure, direct some of the lost
divisions that jro ttota hence, to pursue the route you wish, if they ran be
accomi undated with covering and provision; and .shall be evi-r ready and
happy to render Rhode Island, or any other place, any services in my
power, that may be compatible with the general good.

"I am, sir, with sentiments of the highest regard,

" Your and their most obedient Hcrvant.

^^

" To Governor Cooke."

Ill 11 letter addressed to Generiil AVashingtoii, under date
April 23, 177fi, Governor Cooke says :

" I prevailed upon Colonel Knox, who passed throngh this town on his
way to Norwich, to take a view of Newport, and to direct such works to
be thrown op an he .should think necessary for the defence of the phice.
He Is clearly of opinion that the town of Newport may be secured; and
hath left some directions, which I have ordered to be carried Into execu-
tion. They have begun the works, and I believe will thi.t day complete a
buttery which commands the north entrance of the harbor.

" To-morrow they begin the fortiflcations upon Fort Island ; nu<l If it
l)e in onr power to complete the works, I have no doubt It will pnt n total
end to torylsm in this c<ilony.

"As Colonel Knox's stay was very short, hi.-* plans are not particular nor
exact. If It were possHilc for Your Excellency to spare from your army
come person acquainted with fortifications, to assist, were It only for a
few days, yon would do us a particular favor, and a most essential service
to the common cause.

' I beg the favor of Your Excellency to represent the state of the colony
to Congress, and to recommend to them the taking our brigade (which Is
enlisted to serve in any of the United Colonies,) into Continental pay;
and to establish a force here, for the defence of the colony."

To this Wiushington replied April 28th : "I received your

44

RHODE ISLAND tS THE REVOLLTION.

favor of the 2ath. I am very g-Ind (hat Colonel Knox has
titkeD a view of Newport, and bu)H! llio diix-ctioUH ho left
will l)c attended with nil the good consr(|iii'ncc8 you men-
tion."

Niclioltut Cooke was horn in Providence, Febniary 3, 1717.
He was an pminent luort-hnnt. and for iiiiiriy years ciigao-od
in sea- faring lif'" as a s!>)p-inii>ilei'. lie bei-nnie conspjtnious
in town and Stutti alliiirM. \\'bcn urged to permit hii> naiuu
to be iiEicd aa a caiitlidal« for Governor as the only person
on wliom the friends of Americjin freedom louhl ajrree, be
relucltintly yielded, saying that if we did not suecced in the
revolutionary struggle we shouhl bo liun|^ a« traitors ; and
OS the rulers would he tnken fir>*t, he Huppo^ed he might as
well Ite Iiimgas iinother. A further illii.stration of bis decis-
ion of character i» found in the following letter addressed to
Cunirnodore ^Vallace. It waa written muter direetioii of a
resolution passed by the Geneml Assembly, while Mr.
Cooke waa Dcputy-Uovcmor. Such action was necessitated
on account of detention and intorfcrcnco with the commerce
of the colony by AVallace, then in command of Ilia Majes-
ty's ship Knse ;

" EAtrr GaKiiNwicii, Juii« II, 1772.
" " BiR :— Irony Iihto ihu gooil pcuplc of tills colony bci-n upprcsscd by
yanr conduct. In lnterni|ttl]ig ilivlr lAn-nii trad*', ami prvvftitfug Uio
ImportAtloii i>r tlic provision? nrcessarj Tor ihtir snhsUtencc.

•■The ucis of llio Brilisli Parliament, nlwady Hllttl wllh rrslr let Ions of
tra<lc, op|>re^<>lvu In llii; liljiih^^st clcfirrt^, mppiq by joii, lo l>0 thouglit loo
li;nl«i)t.

'• Not controlled by lho«e you nffect to cat) your n)ut«r». you have
doialiietl till.* pvr»<>u« and Uikvii awny Uii.- properties of His MiO^nly'*
American sobjccta, tviUiont any warnint ttom the acta of iruJL'i by
wlilcli yoii Itnve irreatly Impeded the InWrcoiirse between ihU and the
other coloiilea, nn well ah bcCwem the dlffbrcnt parts of thi» colony. The
lnhabit:tnt.t ^xpccling the iiilcrposlllon of the lannil authority of th«
coloiij, luivi! Iionic LlieM ouLntgCN with u imttciict- almost criminal.

*'TbL> I.rgiHlatnre have heard their complaliilji, and In cunHCijuence of
an act psvacd by tho Oenvrat AHsetnhly tlity day, I dviiinnii uT yon tli« rvn-
Kon of your conduct towards ibc luhabltRntD of this colony. In stopphig
and dciiiliiliiii; thf <■' vet>«:el!<. And I alxo deiaiind of yoti, tluit you linmi'dl-
at«ty restore the two jHtckels, bclon(cii]g to soinc InbabiuttiLH of the town

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

45

of ProrU|«>ne«; and nt) other v«ftAels belonging tA tb« InliitbltntiU of this
colony, which ,roij have taken imil iinJusLl; dctaliHrJ.

" So luii;( »M yoti remain In the colony, nn<1 i1«iiieau y<i(in«eir a* hi^comcs
your offlte, yon inny dtiwml ij|)"ii tin? iirutt-ctiun of tlip low«, «nil wfrj
OMlntnnce for proiRoiiuB the public service. In tny power. And yon may
Rlito he asc^urvd thiil iXm whole power of Ifaio culoiiy vrlll be exerted to
sertini the persons and prupvrtli» of Uic inbaltltanta ugalnHt every hiwlvss
hiradcr.

• An imiD'cdintc nnsvrcr is rwpn-sti;*! to tliis letter.

•' I am, silr, jour mewl liuitiUle Mcrranl,

WiiAtf'(^dp;^B_^-^

"To CuptAin iIamiw WAl.LA<rR."

As Pri'sideiit of the Boni*d of War, a Inrjre i)orticm of Ihe
piihlic rorrcspondence remained in tlio posseasion of Gov-
ernor Oiokc. Much of this, lo<je(hcr with other vahialile
documents, was destroyed I»3* the gmat fire which con-
stmied hh hou»te on South Mnin uttre^t, Janimry 21, 1801, —
a lost) to tlie historian greatly to be lamentod.

In hU liiisincss ptirsnits Govemor Cooke wne •<iioeo«sfiil ,
having acctimuluted an ample foiliiue. In private life he
WHS i-hcerfiil, uQiihlc, benevolent, and a <lbvout Hiip[>orter of
ehristian institutions. He died Soptemher 14, 1782, in the
Mxty-fifth year of his age, honored and Inmentod. One who
knew him well, iind who wils compi-tent to correctly esti-
mate his public niul private qnnlilies,* has left on recor<1
this testimony: "If a eorroet history of the Revolution, so
fiir lis Hhodc: Ishtiid 18 concemc<I, shotiM l)e writlen, the
name and clmnicler of Xich(da« Cuoke must appvar conspic-
uous ; by hU decision and energy he mit»od nnd sitRtainod
the high rrpntalion of the State, with the full confidence of
Genurul \VHHliin<^.on and the hi^h uppix'ciution of the lead-
ing men of the ueigfatxiring Slates, aa well m of Congress."

■Jaha tlowUad.

46

BHODK ISLAND IK THE ItEVOLLTION.

His rviunius Ho in the Xortli Uiiritil Groiiml in Providence,
hfiiparh n moniinicnt I>e:iHnj^ an iipin-opniUp inr§<-riptii>ii.*

Williiim (in-.niu! wns ilcsremk^d fnmi .lohii (irt'iMu'. sur-
geon, who fifiit settled in Pi-ovideucc, tmt\ tiftcnvards wiia
one of the eitrlictt settlers in VVarwick. He wns n son of
(fovcnior \VilIiHm GriH'nc, w\m ditil in otBce, and was hnm
in Ea>it Ciifonwirli, (Wnrwiek,) August l(>, 17S1. and died
in the houietituHd niiiii^ion, where he had jMissed his lift*,
Xovt-mbpr 211, 1SH!I. in tht- «ev»Mi(y-t'ighth ywtr iif hi** iigp.
He WHS hnrivd in the funjily ptMneterj' on the fiirm. I!aving
boen Chief Justice of the State, he brought to his offif* us
Governor exact legal knowledge that gave weight to his
opinions in all niattei's involving pnintN of law. That he
was an iineoniproniiKing patriot, as already intimated, his
public correspondence and other otheial acts clearly vhow.

The spint in which Governor Greene entered upon the
duties of liis officft is well expressed in a longratulntory Icl-
ter from his kinsman. General Nathanacl Greene, who wrote :
" 1 am pei'^uadud you have taken the reinet of govcnnnent
fixirn the Iwst of motives, and that you will discbai^ your
trust with the grealest integrity." lie mamed Catherine,
daughter of Simon and Deborah Kay, of Itloek Inland, by
whom he had four chitdrun, viz. : Hay,| ShuiucI. Phadie and
Celia.

•OviBmor Caakm foanil ui HllrU-nl caa4D(of la Ovfuij-tiarrruat WllHaai llniilfbrd, of
irbiol, simI tKirh liarinit vHlcml upon Ihclr rHpcctlrc oaieo* "«I a itmp of n**! p«bllc

dMitrr, dlltki>lt> aixl >h>lr<:r*i. atHl illK^uinrJ Ihr ililllt* of tlM-lr •lallnui «>illi pttrMIr
u^I, llniuii-** Ruil Intrejitdlly," ()«• ijrnml Aunnblf . <"> tlvrlr n>tlrin| fti.ni nldn-, )ir«
*rn)vil lomcli, in iH-lmlf vr Ihr Slalr. ■ vo)p uf Ihanhi In Btliioirtl(iltni'<'«l "f 'lir ■ iilut' of
liU (arflr*^. Itv wb* In tnCiniBlc n-lallum KJtli WntlilMjifon, olxi. Il li Mil'l. ■luring olip
of ItUriitt* to Ithodr Idsnd lUiiCMl Hi V'tk Hi » Welcome ipm% ■! Ibr ]il<-«»nHt UouBt
Ho|w nmniiau. William llnuUViril wa, n Hum] ili-iwiiilniil of liuirmor WlUtalii llraclrutil.
Ilip •raiiii] (lOfptnor of I'lf inuulh t'olunji, anil wh* boru lit I'l; mixiili, Mima., <ii N<>t*in-
tirt, l»tt llu slndkit nicdidoe nuJcr lUc lulitMi of in. ExrltM Utney. omiiuiham,
Mai>. He iHtlrd In hb pmTcHJon In M'arrrn. It. t.. anil rFrnuml tbrarr lo Itritlol and
luilrmi tlje )ir«fnuim of the law. HU tunitr (» RrUlol aua liunw^l liy ilic ItHiltli, .\t
lllcc«tnIn^b<VIll■-tlt of thf Krvolaihin lit' voi a tnt-rnbrr ul iti* < <iinmlti<'r of rnrmjHiiiit'
racr. Pi>r iitDnj jt-tr* b* wa* >tD'alirr at llir Itliuiir liland tirnrral AiMtuiliIy. In ITU: hr
Wft*Plt«1'^ a ^ciMior In Congrm, aud waaa Tniilc-vof Itrnvrn rnlvvnli}- fKitn 17M to liU
ilraDi. wlitrliOKiirmt Jiilyn. IHW.

r llriii. lla; <ir*»nr HIUhI iIk) aKor of Attomrjr (ienrral and lIUIHcl Atlarnvji Tar Htraral
jMLf*- n<'iraiaUoGl««fdSfMinrlii<.'<Hijtn'*'>.wlilclipoiliianhrrridKrivil In iwt. Hon.
Wmtani linmr, nmi nf Ka)' Urrvitr, h*ld tli* oAcr iif l.lrulrDaat-UoiMiHiT af Kboda
Ulaud fMin 1Mb M IMS.

OIU PKKSCH ALLIBB.

47

During the stay of tho Fi-ench Allioa in Khodc Isljind,
RMrhnnibonii. Lufuyctto, Gcneral*i Orcycne, Siilliviin niul Xnr-
ntim were uftcn gucMs at his lio^pitahlu tabic. In prJviite
tit'c he was u niodf^l irhrii^tUui «r|inlk-ni]i)i, nlwnyti •rnnllc nnd
kind t«> thoHO around him, luul universally' heloviM] and
respCL-tL'd US ii gouU and M'iso iiian, a judiciutiK L-tmn&cUor,
and a fkilhl'id ft-icnd.*

Ks\r\y in the wjir New|KJrt; :ip[>car$ Ui have l»een regarded
hy tile Unti^h m* an uligildc Imtw fur military and naval o]h>-
mtions. mid on-lhu 7lh of I>cccnilier, I77ri. when only about
ftevcn hundred American t^^ohliem were on the island for Its
prcileetion, Sir Peter Parker, with seven ships (if the line,
four frig:ite8 and seventy tnmrtport*. anchored in the bay,
and the next day (Sunday) diNenibarkeil alxait »ix thousand
tru()ps,f and i(M)k |MJs«es(iion of X<'vv[»ort. These trrKips
wens connuaTided by General Clinton. Under him were
Earl Percy nnd Majur-Genenil Pix-scott. TIiuh Pi-ovidence
and the intermediate towns on both sides of tho Imy were
Tirtually blockaded.

With this advent of the enemy began spoliations cummon
to war. The (.itizens of the town and of the island were
roblK>tl with impunity, and many fled to Providence and
ebewherc. lo csirape further ill treatment. Indeed, it wa8 n
dark and trjiniig period during the nearly three years in
which Khode lisland was made the theatre of war.

The oceniMition of Ncw]>firt by the Hrilish not only ]>Itieed
on embni^o on the coniiuei-ce of Providence, and enabled
the enemy tu mvage the country bonlcriiig on Xarn^nsell
and Mount Hoih> Itay.s, but it w&a a tonnidable menace of
Now Kngland, and was so felt by Conncetietit, I^Iussachu-

*Mllw fatrloite I>^itlr.t>«*«r>OT Jiib«s Hinrvii, ulpwtr MMMiUcd vitth ti»T«rMI
OnwM li puMtr afflilM, wllh ib« «Krc|it><ifi or • •'InjcU jtnr. IVmh ibi- «iuiii»i'naii»cai u
Ih»<l0»a of l)l« fubmnaliirlal carcvr, uii vxtriulinl iiuOcc will l» Ibuud In BnollMr part Of

T nt roiT* nraHa or Ponauuiuih wy " almitt ^.uw »r aciri.li imoft Iniitliil ■■>! loMi
puvMadiiK nt llil* tdaiid." Thaj ooiidBtcKt ut Btr Rritlili rrglmiinu. Incliulini a rrfimtrnt
ftttf^Uyrr.at'A ftiur roplinrnttotiloMlw*. One irrtlMUnrr(A»f]i««lwr(j wu mmiposmI
lor n*n tU tL-vt lo I»r1<bt.

48

BBLUO) ZX

wxTcsjrmsL

Hid 3frv HiBiprfcirr It vne j^eo l&dr to ptovv a

I) bUwMJi tfa pidAc sAmCiM «r Shod* lilMa
&B riiliMirf Ooagieas $mA GiaciJ WvAiiaginu In
vU oar SUIff. tbe lluve ahom aoud SftMw wen

Eb) Pcrt tmn^ tetamwd to fiig^'ad. ImHii^ Gcacni
Pn^tatt in co^Bttsd. and Uw Uttrr ha^it^ Iwrni lapfffed
in ka ^oartcn 1>T the *faiiU p^* of OitoMl WiUav Bar-
loa, JaW 10. 1777. Geanal F^got, «l» was arat ftva Nrv
T«Kk. nuv oMBaadad tfe Brit«k fivn» on KKnde Island.
IW capCBR of Geaenl Pr»ca«l was a tnid and vcJl
daviaud nadoliAin^ ^id iDTolrad more nnpnri«nT oonsts
ham bnw oanllT WA aaerilvd to it. It not onir
ftsib pover to tbe patrioiMB of tke ralany and
albriHflr naiaiiiiiB tkno^boai dw emntn . T^n ba«-
d Cbe mva cf Gewsal Lm, far vfccn Graenl rmcott
to the cMidnenta) srrricr. Hoa annoa*
toflwd kk pnnile sal to eqgaga ajfun ia tnilitarv
m eridcnl frcaa U» loner to WaAn^Cnn, dated
■90, 1777.inTU(AbeH0rs,tbMllK)«lfAlRS*«t«-
^iwa J* nsdond aa aaajr, wftatit4<' and |>lr«autl a& posM-
iitfi)raaa«kokin«BT*act aprtMMr/bo tuts "nnthnif
Idl to aieh far laik Ant aaar larpnmstanw ma> arbr « ikkh
•maf aalbt it convvaicaft far both panics tkat a fp»onl
^ take |4acv, and I aa>oi^>4 ibr nM rni^ tW
r-* la rr^, Ja—ij 37, Witi, Wasiliinjitvn
gtqy ufwt had been made on M» past to
In diK tine it ««» vffrvtrd, and Lrr
^ in in their nH|M>c«hv MA%, FW tUa
dni^ &«d ri^rTat pcnamted CVImm^ HmIxmi «M a
anand. Tkm G^koI ^imwTih in rcco^ilitv \4 ibr arr-
Tioe, ««tod ife an of «I,1i(.i to the t\doM>l aihl Kis paitr.
to he 4HtrifaadBd eqaaDjr faetveca oftren and #t4die4^». upon
the hant at Ae« par.

On the «Ih aT April, 1776, 3ia>ar4>i>«n] J«>M)^ Spen-

OUB FRENCH ALLIES. 40

cer, with a brigiide of five regiments, arrived in Providence
and assumed command of the military affairs of the State.
He was warmly greeted, and great hopes were entertained
]>y the inhabitants of the town from his advent among them.
The General at once saw the danger to which the State was
exposed, and the day succeeding his arrival addressed the
following letter to Governor Cooke in relation to it :

" Pkovidexcs, "th April, 1777.

" Sir : — Aa I think tLis part or tlic country Is in great daiigLT of being
noon rftvaged l>y tiie enemy, (the nrniy licre being so very weali), I tliere-
Tore imagine myself bonnd in iluty to make this Airther application to your
State for Immedintc succor.

" Tbe Continental troops of this Slate are pobitivciy ordered to the
wcstwanl, by General Waaliiugton ; they will all march to-morrow, except
those ordered to the hospital, to take the small pox. The whole troops
now In this army, by the returns, docs not exceed fourteen hundred men,
and they arc necessarily very ranch scattered. The enemy nt Rhode
liiliind arc without doiiht four thousand strong. This ts conOrmed^fhlly
by the Intelligence we hare. It would be too troublesome to relate the
particular evidence.

" The report In a late Providence paper, that the enemy at Uliodc Island
amounted to but twenty-two hundred, ought never to have had any credit
given to It ; and it never had, by any gentlemen who wore f^lly acquainted
with the general intelligence ftom Khodc Island; that information was
given by one Lawton, who came off from the Island, who has since been
strongly suspected of inimical designs, and was accordingly confined;
and since his confinement has confessed that he came off at the desire of
the enemy.

"By the late accounts we Imvc, the enemy have determined on making
a descent on the main very soon, to get tVesh provisions; but bow that
may be I cannot say. But it Is very certain, that the neglect of the seve-
ral States to keep a proper army up in these parts, to prevent their excur-
sions, Is extremely dangerous to the country, and aflTords a very great
temptation to the enemy to la; some parts of the country waste,

•' I hope, sir, from these representations, which Your Honor may depend
npon, your State will send with the utmost dUpatch some assistance to
this army. "lam, Ac,

' To Governor Cookb."
7

BHODB ISLAKD DT THE BBVOLITnOH.

Before the mrrival of General Sjwocer in Providence it
smiill po!t IjospituI bad W'cu cstablisfaed ni. TtK-knoiton, a
localtcm tbeu tjuitv remote from the densely (fopiilaled part
of the town ; Imt as it i;l»scd aui iniiiortant pass in case of
the enemy's appronch from tbnt quarter, and apprehending
the danger of ihe diM.*a*e I»ein'; cowiuiinieatcd to the troops,
the General requested the Town Coumi) tr> remove Ihe hos-
pital to ^<lmo plaeo mort- remote, hy tvhich safety to the
«nny noiild be ensured. The Council, in compliance with
the re<jup.st, and under tbe sanction of the General As^m-
My, made urrangemeuts nith Jesse I^nUiid, of North
Pro\-idcnce, ftir the use of hia house, at that lime occupied
hy John Jcnckes Durfcy, "they paying a reasimalde rent
therefor." l>urfey was to be remuneRited for tbe damage
he might suffer hy bU sudden rcmoral.

It was natund that the jwople of Rhotle IslaDd, having
felt so keenly the rigors of war, shuuM des^ire to see the
enemy driven, at an early day, fnwi New|iort. The CreneTtil
AsMrmlily. echoing the ciimmon fcclin*;. passed a re^ikitiou
at itri March session, 1777, recommending "lo the llonom-
l>le Major-General 8j>once-r (if It be any way consistent with
pnideucc) to make an attack upon the enemy at Itbode
Island."

To stimulate the enlistment of v(>lnnteci"s for this puqKJ»e,
a farther re»ohition wn^ adopted olTcrin^ a reward, to lie
eipnUly divided between the officei-s and ^ohliers, "of $1,000
for every British or foiviijn poneral otlicer ; $500 for a Col-
onel ; tl.'>0 for a hicntennnt-Colonel ; ^HXI for a ^tajo^ ; $50
for ever}' Captain ; $30 for ever}" suhaltcm ; and #20 for every
private taken primmer ami b)\n)<*lii ttlT the island aa afore-
said, witbin lifteen days." h was s.till further resolved, that
" Uis Honor the (iovemor and Genend S|>encer lie rc4[ncsted
to write lo the Hclcctnien of the towns of Kehoboth, Taun-
ton, AttlclKirongh, Wrt-'nlham, Norton. IWIin-rham. Digb-
ton, Swanzey, Freetown, L>artmmith and MiddlelMiniugh*
and HKiucal their aid and assistanon in engaging aa many

•

OL'lt FRENCH ALLIES.

51

I'olunteers wilhin their respective towns, for the purpose
aforesaid, a« way bu procured ; and that they foi-m tbeiu-
sclvoR into eonipaiiictf, appfiint tht^rir otticers, and inarcli to
the town of Tiverton on or before the 12tli of Mareh inst."

It wu£ ensy enoii^ to puss resolutions <tifiienlt of execu*
tion, and qnitc as easy to critieiac a failure to aecoiuplish a
I'e^ult that had not l»een carefully considered from a military
standpoint. And this nppoare to hjive heen the case with
the General Assembly and the people at Ifli*ge. Kvidently
neither bad wei^died the tbourmnd iuipedimenl^ to military
aellon which, to the eupr-rlioial eye, ni"c invisilile. (ienenil
Spencer had been in Providence nearly a year* the enemy
were ravaging the island and the adjacent country, and it
was felt that a movement for relief ought to be made.

The <le.sire of the (ieneral Assembly for an attack at that
lime upon the enemy did not find sympathy wjth General
Greene, who was then at Morrislown. General Arnold.
tJien in Providence, communicated the votes of the Assem-
bly lo (Jeneral (Jreene "as a curiosity." He evidently
resented them as a reflection upon himself and General
Spencer. In reply Greene says; " T am very sure their
hearts are right, and their zeal warm, but T fear they do not
pivo themselves time to deliberate properly. 1 am sure the
House of Assembly never tnetmi the resolutions as ii reflec-
tion upon tlie general otHcers." He then adds :

"Th« Rule of KIkxIv Isluiiil may thluk It a Brent Tiiti>rorlnn« that the
troops on Itliodc Inlmiil have uot tHi«u uttackc-0 ; btit I nin Tur rruin ihliik-
lii^ 80, ami erer dhall h4>, anletm I can nr-^t >>o convlnccil nf the cnrtalnty
of tbe aticci'NH of liiu atlAck. I'vopic lh»t nT« uiinc>'iiiainl«(l wlrb mllllar}'
matlvra im<l tlir forcv of illHciplinc, lliliik Uiat numbers are sntltclcnt lo
Instrn- «(»'(*«•»; fuur l.htmiiaml ironjiM, wdl [Mated, with a good Iralii of
artlllvrf, tnnr bid dcOuiici; to ihnv tUav9 Uielr nuinbvr, especially whoa
there U bi» litllv order aud mcihoil and tllsclplinc ainouR tb« aMailaDta.
I wish Oi-iioral Spencvr may nut liasarU an attick uitli aucb iroupa u
you d<-Arrlh<>; It Is Lho opinion of tlw besl nllUary Jiiil^« \vv liavt- In llie
nnny that thccliaiiM oranauack Uagaliutus. It Rt^oittlca nothing for ii
r«n spirited otflcerA to ruxh upon danger, when they have Utile or on hope
of bvlnji well Huppiffte^l. Spirit la caaenttal In au officer, but prndeitce U

52

KlIODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLUTION.

more ao. Ifyou make ilic «tuek, God grant yoo siiccww! but I liopp
Gviicral SpcnciT will bavc mnrfi pnulencc Uian to ran any Dnnccessar}'
risk to gmiliy popular clamor."

Tlio General, lH)wever, in deference to the Assembly,
comtiienced at once pivpiii-atioiia for tUe campoiga. To
ciirry out tlic jilnn one-hBlt" of the niilitia of Khodo Island
were i-nltcd into scnkc, while Massm-husetts and X'ounefti-
cut were to funii&li lUx-ial c|U()las ut" men. Troops to the
number of nine thoiiAnnd or more were grMdiuilly gathered
Ht Tiveiinn, hut so ninny oKstaclcH had tn l>e overoome that it
HUB nearly the middle uf Oetober hefom ull the Hrniiigeniunt.-
for & forward movement were completed. Major Natimn
Munro b«d colloeted ii large mimder of Injate at and near
Foglaild Ferry, to emivey the troops ueruss llie l-^isl I'ae-
siigi- to the island; hut on the night dowgnalod for the
eiubar kilt ion a severe storm arose, which continued several
days, ami emised delay. A second and third time was des-
ignnted for the attompl, Imt strong adverse winds and other
causes interposed (among them discovery by the enemy)
ant! led to fiu-tlier delays. "These delays disaffected the
troops and many withdrew. Scarcely five thousand could
be mustered on the last night a$>:igned for the enilmrtcation.
A council of officers decided that it was tneicpedient to
mnlto the attempt, and the expedition was abandoned."
The high hopes of the public were thus htuddenly brnuglit
low. Disap]H>inted feeling found vent in severe criticism of
Genend Spencer for incflicieney. and the iK>pular setitimeut
of the hour was set forth in the fVillowiiig pasipiinado :

'* Israel waulvil br«tu1

The Lord ^eiu tlivni inntinn:
Bboilb iHlmiil nuiiUt a lii-nil,

And Congress sends a granny."

At tilia time the home public in Enghmd a]>pear to hold
no higher opinion of their (Jcnerals in America, as the fol-
lowing satire publishcil in a London paper of Decenil>er 2.
1777, shows :

OUR FREXCH ALLIES.

53

"ON THE DRITISH COMMAXDBHS.

" Gage nothing did and went to pot;
7/wrc lost one town, anotlier got ;
Gvij nothing lost, and nothing won ;
Danmare was homeward Torc'd to nin;
CliutoH was beat and got a garter;
Ami bouncing Barijuyn^. catch'd a Tartar;
Thus all we've got for millions spent,
Is to be liiiigh'd at, and repeut."*

General Spencer keenlj' felt tlie odium resting upon him,
and demanded a Court of Inquiry, which was granted.
After a full hearing he was acquitted of blame.

"There WAS alWAjs a mvstery about this expedition. Althongli Con-
grc«s autliorized Rhode Island to get it up, and requested Massachusetts
und Connecticut to assist, It has been said that neither Congress or
Washington ever had any expectation of expelling the enemy from the
Island at this time. The main object was to prevent the enemy from
making any diversion in favor of General Burgoyne. The British had
a large army ut Newport, and could have spared and sent several
thousand to some point which would have diminished the opposition to
bis march through tiie country. But the assembling of such an army
as the expeditioD called out, conflned them to their quarters in Newport,

■About tlw s«tne lime tlic rollowlnfti in a RlniUar vcId, ftppearrd in ttic Ijondon Adver-
tl»rr, h«iHled:

" I'l.AV-BlI.I. KxTnAonillXAHT."

" In tlie cohdh' of tlii« Bumiiier will be ptTfomieii a new Tragic Farce, called

"AI,[, Foil l-OWKK.

"(Ill

"AMKUIIA U)ST.

"{'■plain Atall,
'■ llully, .
" lludget,
"Poslilvc, .
"Cautloua.
" r<trady, -
" KIrni,
".(.'iiptlve, -

Hr. Minden.

J[r. Twitcher.

Mr. Itorcu (North).

Mr. KlDK (Urorge III).

Mr. <')-Iloire.

Rlr. WonhlnKton.

Mr.Katei.

Mr. I.M.

"Out.ltldern, [>r. Krankltn and 3Ir. I)eane.

"Chlpf Mournen, 8,000,000 Spectators.

' Knight* or the Ilalh, Knights of the I'dst, (Pfllccre, Uuardi and Attendant*.

■■.SM-ne— Kngliind, Scotland, Iralaud and America."

lODE ISL>

rHBRKVOLtTiO!*.

mid ir such tKW lh« object, nmeml Sprncer wnn prrciM^ly the mnn lo tnkc
tlw commnnd of Lbc Amertcan Ifoopi*, and tlicrc Mwins some ground Tor
sQcli & !tupi>nsUlt>D, for aa aoou km It wHa k»o«vn thil Biir^yne btd cur-
t«mtcreil Ma army (Oclolicr 17, 1777,) to 0«itera| Gstc«, th« militU were
M (lUtnisMHl nml will liome. It h Iroc ttio Qvuonil Assvuilfly appniiitvil
a cuniTiiUtee to liK|ulre Inlo lljo cau»eti of Genornl Sp(.-ncer')i nillare, »uil
Slfixsnctit) setts itntl Crinm-cUfiil wen: iavllcit lo wud (kli-^tcs to bo pr^
svni nt lbc inwUng uf tbis cnmtiillLv«, wlilcli was held nl Pnivldcnce.
And (liv commitlcf dkl men and Iiwird (Jcncnil Sprnc^T nnd all [utriltA
and ac<i(illtc(l him. But this cartjr triiil and actiuittiil have b««D by mooh*
Coilfti(lcn.'d as ftirlhcrr evidence of Ihe rrtil olijtct of the expedition, Be
lht« u> It ini;ibt, however, tlw tmrrpader of RiirjtwyiieV whole iiniiy. made
eTery one tovl 90 hiippy, that tliey cared bwt little for General Spencer or
Ilia expedition. • • • • - fpon all llie fiwts and cir
cnuiKiAnccH oiiinecicd with Spencer's expedition wc arc at « loes to decide
whether It waa a r*'ti riilhirc, or not. niMl ao wi- leave It."*

The solution of this mystcrr is h work for ihe fiitnre his-
torian.

Grnoral ,Spcnrpr was Iwim in Knst Iliiddtim, C'ouu., in
1714. and dietl in his n»tive town, Jiiniiary 111, 178'J. He
held the otHi-p of Jud;rc of I'rulalu in 17oH, iindin 1758
joined the northern amiy as Major umler Colonel Whiting.
Ill 1775 iic was Appointed Urifradicr-General in the Conti-
nenlfll army, and suhseqnenlly was eonimisHioned by Con-
gvess a Major-<ifiieni1. He resijrned his commission Dcccm-
Iwr 21, 1777. Tlioiigli the fiiiluro of the campaij^ he
condtu-ted in Rhode Island cast a shndoiv npon his military
repntation, he wa:> deemed a hrnve, palrlotie and capahle
officer.

■'•f>virii«r*nt,''pi> iu.i<(t.

PART III.

LOOKING FOR A SUCCESSOR.

A DARK PERIOD.— LIGHT BREAKS IN.— (lENERAL SULLIVAN
SUCCEEDS GENERAL SPENCEK.— FRENCH ALLIANCE.— BRIT-
ISH VIOLATION OF RULES OF WAR.— LETTER TO GENERAL
PIGOT.— GENERALS GREENE AND LAFAYETTE JOIN SULLI-
VAN.—THE SECOND CAMPAIGN ON RHODE ISLAND.

HEN General Spencer closed hia military rela-
tions with Rhode Island, the queetiion arose, who
should be his successor. The eyes of many were turned
towards General Nathanael Greene. In the opinion of Wil-
liam Ellery, the patriotic delegate in Congress from Newjwrt,
be was the man. "Mr. Ellery," writes the General, "pro-
posed to me to take the command there,* provided it was
agreeable to His Excellency ; but ho is totally averse to the
measure." Mr. Ellery was right. General Greene was
unquestionably the man for the place. His knowledge of
the jwints of defence in the State that needed strengthening,
hia perfect understanding of the temperament of the people,
and of the best methods of utilizing that knowledge, his
personal magnetism, and his extraordinai-y executive ability
gave him an advantage, as a leader, over almost any other
general officer who could be named. Itut he could not be
spared from the field of duty in which, at the moment, he

• KliQd« ItUod.

I' ttn *riii;y. > ►■; : lijI r-. ij^ f v-e-f 'i^T iiii r^-s'^-I ."*.'- iJ.'ZL i»

.f.r. ■_'ii.'_i:irt- *-. ,1^ ■.-1. ■KJTli.r^": r-l--^-?. :':t "r.-; »:i.": ■::* ■■■i.i.l:
*ii* ■? r;;!."-:*!*— II '^fi,T ■t "T^>:-i ■ V :L^ ■■"->.»i ^;ni liirir rV--i.

.v.r L'v-.";^*':ii*r rri-r'j.-':- I'l :■:■ 'iLLr '.^mi- :tr (^■■.■7.:Vi-:n:>>n
la.: '■,•**•_ i.r_:''/ 'i-e ■iLr:.'^* ■.:* in:'>t-i:-n: jir^!^ "::iirfira.
TiA >. :i*!- :-.*i- L: :. f.r :1-. ::.:~t iat:. ^'k<z. ira-«- :-:oibe
l'j>-'v<-- -.: Or-.-it Iir!:A^, F.rrijr:: ir.-vemiij^ r.t'?. i>:""OTer

j-f-.-'^jvi :y. i: :. Tl-.- r\--.-'.;r.^? ^:":lc v,;-,;:^ tv-;>-::-v:v' weiv
27-s-:!v 'iJ:^;:.--!-;. :> fzLii-.-es wt-r-e :a a wrvt^iei *:*:•?. the
■>-:.'r*»."if.>,'. '.f i-ij-rr n; T.^■y fr.'Ci j«r iv a rsie a: »h:vh one
•Tj-V-Iti- B-lI-'ri i.'.lir ■»i- tr-iiirii to fv'ur or dvv h*.jB-ire>l of
'■fyt.'.':zj::A».l '.::rT*:z.-y, eii'oirnrr'i iho v\>>i oi" livii'^. while
If^-jtilv* air^rL-,::-; t..< -iT'iDf-f!. 'r-'>vijt r'/--**. the avxvpxano*
*/f 'i':f/rt*:iat«r'i [mfj-er when pn-ttTon^l in [viyiuent i^t' debt*
;fr^*t!y 'li-tFir^-i tht: hartnony ot the t.'vtniQiiiuiiy.

'flt*;!^: wa.- a C"jn-*iant i.ie|irv«.iiitioii of the tvniinentjil eiir-
r>-it'-y. ^i that in Kt'ipciry. 17>>1. one silver vlollar naii e<^u»t
to ^T-.-^rn thopi-ari-I tivo huiitlreJ tlolhirs in |\ijvr. A> momen-
Xtf. of th"; revolntiunnn- period two f:u-^imite >iHHiiuen* of
tyjl'ftiial uiid Lontinental t-iirrem-y :ire given on s^K^■oedinJr

Til': depreciation was so nipid that an article of mer\-han-
di-fc -old one day. at an advaneo \\\>o\\ its cost, oould not l>e
n;pUrnijrheil for tlie price received on the next. When the
(Jfrnerdl A»:>t*ni!tly pujjsed a (K'nal law, Milyeotinsr a cptxlitor
to a tine of one hnndn'd ponnds if he refused to lake |niper
money at par in pjiynient of indebtedness, the shopkee|M?r!«
in rrovidcnce closed their do<>»"s. The market house was

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

57

diso ^htit up. The farmers 1>rotight id nothing to soil.
PttjKtr money would not purrha^ n dinner. I'copic dod«red
out of llie wny irben a dcKtor Appeared in sight, for fear of
a tender of pii|wr to eaneel the debt.*

Under this Iiiwniany cnsosof nnnoyinglili^tion occurred.
One in Pi-ovidence was of a somcwhut amusing, yet provok-
ing', chanicter. A shopkcei^r hiivin;; i^old u juck-knifc for
twenty -tive cents refiisfd lo receive a paper l)ill of thai

r^

'o

>i'W^'i s^(gwl?^;fn

No. QJ^//

Five ^i^^'««.

<7rH/.9 3,U>»t,hn Ji'f
^ Beo-'tr urfu>^-rY\7i
SriKiftf mill! o OoL-
lAKSt or the FaJut ihere-

»/ M OoLD or SiLTtk

aeffrjinjf te a Rj'JiSuthn
of CONORJ-SS, pm^9i'i

nvE noLT

'/O'^^u/y

m'-M

'i&

denomination, nt par, in ])Hynient. Comphiint w.is entered
^cgilnst him, and tlie tiial bade fair to occupy ueveral Jay*,
the court adjourning frniu dtiy to dny withuut re»ching a
decision. Abie counsel was employed on holh sides. On
the one ^ide it was contended that tlio bw \\\\s uncouslitu-
tiouul, and llicreforc void. On the oilier it wils argued that
the power of the Oenfiral Assenihly was unlimited liythc
charter or any dechuiitiou of ri*rlit8 estal>lishe<l here, and

' Ufr or Uawluiul. p. 101.

if

i,Ti"'T ""•■.■,,*3T Ty 7T.T 7J^;'.m-;y

• mijl" Mii'ii!! " n I'f'i;" I'f v't.- sf!:: ''p, :i;t: :ii..i: ii.r "■»-;
(iMM'i. II1M :H't-' 'fTi*; II- ■M.-f ■! ::: > ■•■i;-- i vi;r ii :;:•?
tuiiimii'-' ■'"iirF-i" 'i-.ivii.ji] ' 7'; !- ■*:ii-': N n: ijiinif"!

v'ilrt'iii ill ■ '"|i^ til'" <f!ii'*; ii'i! ' lij-tfi"^;';. %■■ r'n*"":!!?!:

■iM»tii<i " 'ni-^ii' 'II' n-M-vn i II v'l;- ii:!':''. liji; "I'l.-r mh:'?*:

■Ht*t -i.ta3a?'';- — ^ZTMlT^i

■- -.^rNK? '^' -* »•■-■ T'-^

*•>.:*. '-'-^.,

♦^ —i-f. Tij-- SfM - . i "*:*■

^

t»«TT.

fct?- A" U'.V ^.'■^.•.-■"■' kLJ"l' 'lf-« !! ll.L •-■Mi'iV il . 1 - ■ f;

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

59

Geiicnil Sponccr, bringing tbe ivi^U-eanied rcpuUitioi) of a
skiirtil, energetic officer. lie was not unknown to the citi-
zens of Vrovidpncc, having been m-iiI tbvre with liiei bri-
gade iiuiiic(niit.L>ly aiStn' ibe cviu-niiiion of Kostoii in 17Tt),
to protect RboUe Isbmd from upprebendeil attai-k. The
Council of War iit once invested him with the supreuie com-
ninrid of the State, and he enteral without delay upon his
military dutii-a. Tho pluiibiirc created by his presence was
inten^itied by the almost ^imnltnnoous announcement that
France tuid entered into an altiancc, offensive nnd defensive,
uith tlie confederate Stales, and liad thus placci) them, for tho
first time, before nil Europe as nn acknowledged independ-
ent nation. This vital act has never received tlie meed of
praise it deserved, it gave stronglli to the young republic,
nnd made easier negotiations abroad for militjiry supplies
and pecuniary loans.

The timiiUty that had hitherto restrained the action of
IjOuIs XVI. gave place to the warm syuipalliy of a gener-
ous nlly. The ro*fult was that a fleet of sixteen muI, bring-
ing II land force of four thousand men, was sotit to aid tho
new-born nation.

The news of the alliance was received throughout the
country with demonstrations of joy. At the headquarters
of Genernl Vuhliington it was celebrated with a thanksgiv-
ing sennon, a review of the troops, u national salute of
thirteen cannon, and a feu-da-joie of musketry, followed by
an elcgunt ilinneri to which, according to l)c Kalh, ofliccrs
and Ihcir wives, together with the most distinguished per-
sons in Iho neighborhood, tiut down. "Here \Vaj*hington,
with Greene and L«faye1t« and Stirling, was already in
waiting, Lafayette conspieuous by his white scjirt"." A[i*s.
Washington, Mrs. Greene and I^ady Stirling anil her daugh-
ter, Miss Kitty, were also present. In I*ruvidence the intelli-
gonee wjlh received with no less exultation. Fi-om the Fox
Point buttery and the frigate I'rovidence a salute was tired,
which at suri'Hct was rejieaicd by tho artillery company and
the troops iiuurtcrod lu the to^vn.

60

BHODB ISLAND IN THE BEVOLLTIOX.

The British ivcre still in Xewport, auil from time to time
were rHiiliii>; upon the tslunii?; in tlie Imy uiid aUu npou ibe
niiiin liiiiii. TIh'v set fire to the town of Wiinvii, liiinietl
the Baptist meeting-house, ijillttgoil the houses, carrieil auay
many iiniiniiei) poi-sonK !im pristmeiti, l)e«3<lei4 il<rin<f other
acl« not wiirranted by the niles of war. Bristol was aiisailed
in like maniuT. Eighteen dwellin;;)* and the Kpiscopal
church wore hurnt, the inhahiljint-s W4TC plunderot), iind
about forty pci-sons were made prisoners. The town wns
saved fix>ni uller destruction liy tlif timely arrival of Colo-
nel Biirtnn from Pi-ovideiiee, with iiliout twenty imHUited
men and a nuii]l>er of voItiute«r» gathered on the way. Id a
^kirnmh with the enemy he received s severe wound in the
leg.

These wanton depvedations excited the indignation of
General Sullivan, and June 4th he addressed to General
Pigot a letter of sharp rebuke. In that letter he says :

" Tho repented appllcutlonB of tlic illstresFcd nimiliirf; of perw»i8 cap»j
turcil tiy 5oiir tmnpt^ on tho 2oLh ultimo Iiuliicc me to write you upoD llM
BQl^^'Ct, olh Uivte mi-n trcre uot In actuul service or fonnd in Ann.i. I can-
not coiio^lvc what ucrc tljc motives fur LiikiuK ttiem, or gu(»:i Lhf terms
upon u'hlvh lliHr rcloagte miiy lir nbtiliiiml.

*■ lliul the war on tlio part of llrluihi lioeii Toiiudeil 111 Justice; and yoiir
troops In their excuraloiin. complci^tl ihi; destrinrlloii of ih"; hiMit>* ami
our toilltnry pruparations In ttiiU i4iiHrli.-r, without ^vinilonly iJc^lroyln^
ije(^ncble§8 tuiTus. iHiraIn;; liou^cs voiisccrHlvd to the- Di'Uy, pluiiLl^irliig
mill AtuHlri^j liHii>(;ent hihaljiLutitH. mid ^\ragg^lit:, ft-om llifU* pcnofriil habl-
tdllonfl, inmriTicil and unoltcnillnj; nion, — snch tm cxp^dllloii mi^ht hitre
shone with fp\cUiicT : 11 Ift HOW darkened with sarage crndty, anil stiklucd
with Indelible dixyrace."

The General also intimated that while the law of retalia-
tion had not as yet been exercise<l by the Aniericuns, human-
ity having marked the Itne of their conduct thus far, yet
perhnp?t tit some future tiine when exaspemted by accunni-
hitcd injuries, mesisiircs luight lie adopted that would "con-
vince the British that thev have mistjiken the motives of

■ ij^vaatf ttKt IxiMla, llw gall*; W»aliiaKt«a Mid a griit aalll wmv bururd.

Americnii clvniuufy, nnd trilled too long nith undoserved
lunily." He iiddn, in closing, "I should not linvc written you
BO [inrticniarl.v u|K)n the subject had J not ol»*oi-ve<l in the
*XcwjM»rt Gnxelte* Lbtit Ibc conduct of your troops cuiployed
in the late ex|icditioii had rccL>i\-cd your Approbation nnd
wamioat ibaoks."

Ik'side^ sutl'iu-ings caused by mida like those ubove meu-
tioncd, many persons and families, dnvcn fi-om the island,
were thrown into circunie>tanc-e« of jfrcat distress, thy char-
Qclor of whidi niiiy be seen in the following appeal, printed
in the Providence Gazette;

" The cliftritablc and ncll dlnpoaed penaus In DiIa aod the nelgbhorlug
6Ul«>iirr r»*<[tii-»tril torkUnil tlivlrdnimtlon)! unto the powr and dlstrpsiicd
people who were Inlvty InltuliltariU of ttie Iitliind t>f Khode Islnntt. Mrtt
Slid witiuon iKiH'cd down nlih otfc iind liiflruiiUv«, lidpWs clilldrcn nod
vvnotm ivUli Ieu'ijl' niitiUtvs, Imvc Inldy tiuvu drlvvn from Uivii' oucv pvacv
ta\ linbltailono. nnd turned Into tlie widfl world, denlltute of every mcaiia
to support thein»eJvei«, by the cnitl nnd nipaclons Britons AtMt ilieir iuer<
ccDsrles, who hare strlppw! tlicm of the smaJl pUtanco llM-y were outfe
poftWAMd of. aiid Iffl ttKin 1<> dcjiftid viitirrl; tijion tlie ctinrlty of tlie
good pcnplr. Tlieir dii>tre?>s<?a loudly call upon the hmnuiltjr of ttioM
whose BlUuent circiiuivlaiicee wl]l ndmlt, and tlieir souls dk'iat«- to ihatn,
to relievo tlie oeccssilles of Ifausa wtio arc almuttl ready Lu purlsli.'

To this iippeal libetHl respou^e^ were made by the i:itizeua
of Providence and of (be neigliliorio;; towns.

Of bis militflrj- needs. General Sullivan thus writes to
Congress :

"As tlic unmiMtr of Iniopit df^ntltml for this drpArUncnt wUI be m> bud-
eqiiite to defftnd II ngnlnRt s Audden altAck, 1 think that the two State
gallcyit, if irropcTly diu-d, would bo of ereiu advRHUiiEe. I imw applied
lo the Coanel) ut Wnr upon tlie nubjc-ct. who aci'in rather InrJlned to dlii-
poA*> of llwni trt iho cnotineiit, rhaii to Bt and man Uitfiij for wrvloe. J
beK lean.-, Ibcreforc, lo subiiiil Co rongreaa witctbcr it would uot bv tttr
the upkkI ijf tbu vervke to ptirrhiu<e Ihem for ^fuarvllnx tlHMte |iliic«i which
arc most exponed, parti culnrly tite rii'ent of Tnuntoii niid Warrni. I oJaq
bcK CoagrvM to order tii-neral Stnrk, who has returned to New Ilamp-
aldre ttotu Albany, to uie at this pl.-u^, as I shall uced two briKidlers wbea
Uie troopH arrive:- ntiil tlie more so, as lite extent of country to j^uard will
be so j;reat. Shonld CongresH think that, after the troops arrive here, aa
atteiup'c upon the lalaiiJ, with them and some iDlliUa and v-olaateers cAllesI

62 KHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

iH, woutil be {trncticiittlti, I slmll be exceeding happy lu executing any order
they will please to give.

In c.xpectiition that the enemy wouhl make an attempt
upon the town, Gencnil Sullivan ordered necessary defences
lo be prepared, and the people were soon busily at work on
forts and redoubts.

Boats were ordered to constantly patrol near the shore to
prevent surprise. The Tiverton boat cruised at Fogland
Point and Common-fence Point ; the Bristol boat between
Common-fence Point and Poppasquash Point ; the Warren
boat between Pcjppasquash Point and the north shore at the
entrance of AVarren river ; Providence l>oats down to Paw-
tnxet ; Pawtuxet boat down to Warwick Neck ; Warwick
boat down below Greenwich. Sentinels covered the whole
shore from Point Judith to Kast Greenwich. A p^uard boat
was kept out at Slade's ferry and another at Fall Kiver.

A SECOND CAMPAIGN.

After mature delibenition it wjis determined to make ii
second campaign on Rhmle Island. In this campaign Gen-
eral Greene was de('i)ly interested, and he was a prominent
advisor. AVriting to Genend Sullivan, he says : ''1 wish yon
success with all my sotiI,and intend, if possible, to come home
to put things in a pi"opcr train in my department,* and to Uike
a command of a part of the ti-oojis under you. ] wish most
ardently to be with you." To his Deputy (iuartei-master-
■General in Rhode Island, JIajor Ephraim Bowen, he writes,
'Urging prompt co-openition :

"There is nn expedition going on agnliist Newport. The forces that
will be collected for this purpose will be cou»tldernl>le. Great exertions,
therefore, will he necessary in onr dopartinent. You must get the most
iictive mt'u to assist yon that you posfiibly can.

"A great luunbcr of teams and boats will be wanted upon the occasion.
I'ray do nut tut the expedition suffer for want of any ttiliig in onr line. If
tents are liliely to be wauted, get all that Mr. Chace, Mr. Andrews and

* lie wat then t^narlcmituler-Genenl of (he contf Dental annv.

OCR FRENCH ALLIES. 63

Mr. Grcciio Iiave. 1 think you had better write tliem to send yon all lliey
have on liiiiul.

" I am In hopes to come and assht yon myself and Join the expedition;
bat am alViikl I e.inuot obtain the General's consent."

IVfuch to liis gratification, Gencnil Greene's wish to join
General Sullivan was granted. He set out from camp July
28tli, and July 31st, after three days' hard ride, reached
Coventry, where, after an ahscucc of nearly three years, he
was warmly welcomed by his famiU', friends and neigIiboi"s.
The next day he i)roecedo<l to Providence, and August 4th
wrote to Colonel M'adsworth, "I am here, busy as a bee in
a tar-barrel, to speak in a sailor's stylo." Before leaving to
join the Khode Island expedition, he took the precaution to
engiige and send ou forty shiivearpenters and boat-bnildcrs
"to put things in reiuliness in the water department," with
" a most excellent fellow at the head of them, JIajor Eyres."

Another general officer no less interested in the campaign
than General Greene, and eijually anxious to serve in it, was
Lafayette, whose delight, when sent forward with a command
by ^Vashington, was unbounded. In the exuHerance of his
feelings he wrote to General Sullivan :

•• Nothing can give me greater pleasure thnii to go under your orders;
and It Is with the greatest hiipplni-ss tlisit I sec my wishes, on that point,
entirely satlslled. I both love and esteem yon ; therefore the moment we
shall liitht tnsethcr ntll be extremely pheasant and agreeable to me. Col-
onel Lunrciis will explain to yon the nnniber of troops I take with me.
The Connt IVEstuinjr, a relutloii and friend of mine, has offered me the
yrcnch troops he has on board ; so that, in addition to your forces, we
shall add a pretty good rei'uforccment. Had General Gates or any other
gone there, I had alrcidy expressed that I did not choose to go; 1)nt I
c-onfesK I feel the greatest happiness to cooperate with you to onr glory
ami the common advantage. For God's sake, my dear friend, don't l)cglu
any thing before we arrive.

" With the most sincere affection and regard, I have the honor to he
your most obedient servant.

'■ P. S. Laurens is just going, and I have not time to add more."

The ardor and energy he di.splayed during the campaign
justified the highest expectations the General may have
entertained of the value of the services of his young friend.

1

i
I

f €4 EUODE 15LAXD tX THr KEVOLCTIOS.

! iV-priratory to a forwanl movement. Major Silas Talbot

► »a- -t-nt to Tiverton, where the troops were to assemble, to

; •!ii[*'-rir»t*rn'i ill*; hiiiliJing of eighty-six tlat Itoals osipable of

I r-amin^ one hiiu'Ire*! person- each, to I>e used for ferrjing

■ tlif- (irruy over to the i-lan<l. This work he ueeomplished in

• ftn inrn-'IlMy -liort tinit-.* Ilc^i'lc:^ two continental hrigades,
f-onurifir.de'l hy OentniU Vamum and Glover, who arri%-ed

f in rrovjd'rnc-*- with their re^pertive commands early in

; Aiipi-f, the :inny embraced :i(»out sixteen hundred men

from IlhoHc I-liiii'l, fourteen himdred from Massachusetts,

! four hundred from Connecticut, and some vohmteors from

New II)inii(-hire. Imlf of whom left before the campaign came

to H tjital i"iic. The !i;_'frrfrg!itc number was alwnl ten thoii-

-SiU'l.

"Th'rre were no Sniidsiy^ dnring^ the Revolution." The
(L'ly for rest aiul for <iiiiet wor^sliip w:w often given over to

• .-iln" Inff^it >>■ r^.m iii tihijr\4- |.I»ii-1 almiil irS", iinil Id t-arlv liff learDPil tht InwleoT
^ » •I'lftp rri*-'>ii. I[i 177^ 111' iNarTi<:<l ■ Mi— iEkliiniiiiil, anil Mritlri] in hlf owd tiumt; iu

{ I'i'i- '.•li-i,ri-. A" till x/rnriirTi'vliit-iit rtf till' rt-viiIiiTliinnn' KRr hr <:nj;ii]t<il Id tlir rau^ of

• fr'i'.'wii, iiii'l «»• i'liiitltii'l sl^li "itut- of !lj(- iiio*t Iminnont mllttar; anil nsral opm-

■ !i'*ii" 'if 'lijii trjiiijf piTi'j"!. lit- (iariin|>)ii<''1 in lilt ili-friin-ufKinl MilHIn.Xuvi-nibiT, 1777,
nhi-r- J." r"''«-in"I H -i-ii-r"- u'lU'i'l. On ilii- iii-Ul 'if kiltk- in llii' runipiiifii ill* valor hikI

j ii.>-|iiir,f->i w.fi. »iii'|>ini'iM.. .iiii] wnn friim tlji- rijniniiin>l«r-ln ctiii-f hoiiorulilr nivnilon In

• III' <li-|ia;'-li III' iiiigTi-f*. Hi' -kill III otH-rniliipa^cAiu-t III*' [liill'lt jlilpptngin the liarlxir
I *f \<w V.irk «■• ri-»arili'il l.i- ('•in^ri--- wiTli tin' citiniiiU-lon of Miijur, lie lutvln); jireTl-
I (iii-l; 1,1.11 ■ ( .ij.tiiiii ill B lilioilf l.tmiil n jiiiin iil, Ili.i iiuiul tx|ilull« wrrt iiuiiitriKir.
1 Aiii'.nv 111'- iii'<-l l.riltialil <.l ;ln-iii hh- tin- cMi-Tun-, in lEIni'l'' I>lana watirf, of tlu' ItrltMl
I ifsll'if I'ijf'it 'if L'fjriin-, t'lr iliI-lH-trrflv'tl ilii' riiiiiiiii--i"n (il' l.icutcnaiit-Coloncl. ^np-
J mlLili-i -iH trliiriijili- ■mir<-il (<.r tiiin, m i.tMiiliT 17, 177',i, tin- cmnniii-sionof lajiiainin
If ""■ 11"' y. Ill iT'ii, wliUi- rnii-liiK ifiu jiriviiii-->)ii|i, lie wo." laLeii iirlruiicr anil c<iiisit;i>^ (u

tlii-.li'r>p>-|>rl-"ii -Iflji. ■f»l IT'.m tlnnov i>ui irati-nrnU l<> Ihi- juil In Xi-w Vork, "tiiwiM-
I 'if liti'Tj "II III' ■r(i>--|i[i-, nii'l 'li'-|.iili('criii1tyunlliiollitr,"uli'l thence afTBili tti Ihirtmuur

jirl^iiti 111 I.iJirliiiKl. Tlii- jiri-fiii Ha- no I—- riiiiiim- or inramnii.', tor ilii- tnal-trpatiin-nt of
in lliiiiali -, llinii till' .liTMy. Jltrn- aiti'tii|.l' to i-i-bin- win- uii3ui.-»F<sru1, but In- Ha* ullU
niali-lrri'li'U-i'il in iN-ii-iiilKri I7M, liy.-xdiaiiKc, ami Inihi ^prEiiftor 17--,' ti-adn-"! liin hoinr
, hil'r'it|i|i;iii^-. Ill iriv.|ii>iiiarri'-<lf'irB n>-c<iiiij wil'i' ii >ll-')!ltrrl•,I■rl■|liludl'lIllJla,at.TBn(l-

'l«UKll)•'r 'tl' O'.vi-riinr Mimiii, uii'I nrn'^iiil t'l wckIitii Ni-w Viirk, wln-n- In- innai^Ml lu
afirlrulliiriil (iiirxiill-. hi inn l.t wu' i-»iiil<i}f<l i<i -xiptTliitcml Hit- cunMnicllnu of llie
J r^lyali'iiii-rlliiliiin. anil wa- ajiiKilnli-il tn lnr criniiiian'l. Hi- HubK<|uenIly cnmniandi-ri

<Hi tin- St. iNinifiitro MBll'in. A iiuT-llmi nt rank Utwii-n Iiimmlf and roniniodorv Trnx-
, Inn, (li.-lil. il tiy ■]■<■ Si-rrilnry ',1 llit-Naiy «r<ii<(,-iiilly.i>- lir lilifVKi.Bpihift )ilni,I«f!<'ltuT

^ Mllh "iIliiT ra««i-.. Ml I'nnuiio'l'.rc Tallx.i, S<'|iIi-ii,I>it Z-l, INH. lo riflpn lit) com in I »t inn

and n-llri- fmni imlilli; -i-n In-. 1I.< jibkmiI llii- n-i-idui- f>f lili life In Xt-w Vnrk, ulii-rv In-

iiiiirrl'-il n tliird il and dli-d .lunc :C(, ]t«n. In i^Tnon, hi- is ri-iirr^cnli-d h-. "tiiU

and fti-H'^-ful, In f'-atuno diK-niilDKl, bal Niiractlv*'. HI* <;iinv<Tiiallon wa* Kt>irltiil ami

t (f-nlal." HI iliMnI NTvUi,. fi lili ciuiilry wi-n' a)>|in-i-latcil in )i fa day, ami gave liU

- nanii- nn hviKinldi- iilan- biuuiir tlm imlrbdri iif Hip IU>vula(U>D.

OUR FKKNCII AIXIBS.

(!5

the exoiling service of the war. This was exti^nsivttly true
in HhfM)c> Islunil. In Providpnre. Siindiiy, Aii^rusl 2, 1771*.
presenied ii busy scene. "TliU (Iny," snys a m sin user ipt
diary of tliiit date, "does not np[>(?Hi' like .Sunday tn thh
town. All the aititii-crH and tnidr;»iii(>ii, with n vii»t minibor
i»f |>cr^>nA not belonging to the tu»~n, diircifntly employed
in prcparin*; wilh all ex{H.>dition to gu ii|>ou the enterprise
ugninMt the enotny uiH)ti lUitKle Island. " On Thuituluy
in(>ming, Aug«!*l fith, (icnenil VannimV and CJIover's hri-
;pi(Ie5 of continental tniops Untk up their lino of niareh for
Tiverton. The >imic day, the Mnrqnis dc Liifiiyoite set ont
for the gcnenil rendezvoiii^, nnd on the 7lh (ienenil Sullivan
and Hiiite left Iowa for the same deslinnii(pn. CJeueral Pigot.
»pprise<l i»f Oeiienil Sullivan's iixivcinents, wiihdi-ew his
forces fr<iin Hnttii' IMll, and rt^tircd within hi^ defences in
fnint of Newport. On the !itli and lOrh of August, Snlli-
viin with his army crossed over and took imssussion of the
enemy's iibandoned works.

Prior to all this, on (he IDth of July, tho French fleet
under D'K-^tsiTng, before mentioned, ap|H-ared off Ihe capes
nf Delawiiif, having Monsieur <lerard, the Kn-neh Plenipo-
tentinry, on l>o;ird. Tho new» spreml rapidly through the
uounlry, awakening joy wherever heard. It mm- iippctrod
as if Friinee had taken hohl of the Ameriean eanse in
eame«l, and with the puiiiose uf furnishing aid and comfort
to an ex((^-ni comporting with the ehiiMii-ter of a leading
nation.

"Glorious news ! *' exelnims lion. Henry Marehant, u del-
egnte in (.'<Higre-ts, in n letter to Governor Greene, dated
Philadelpbin, July U, I77a :

" I lt«vr liut A ri-w mlnutck tN-rore llic exprrsi^ j^in-h off, in inform you
tlinl « Fri->i<-h lUt-t Ik nrrlrvtl on ilii« CHn»t i.-4inm)iiii<li-il tij Count 1VK»>
taliig; fii)L> hliiii iif 'JH k'UUf. Tour nlilps nf XO niul m.> 74, and Av« oT (M,
■ad ^Mir rrlmKc". Cou^n-fs thU ilny rtcvlvcil a InuT ttttm llie Admiral,
ilaird IHLiu-firr liny. Thu FnMiOi AtnlintMinlur. M-mia ricnird. and Hr.
l>canc, lu tt, tt\iiAte. ai'«! now cninin;; up Um ilvi-r. Tlic Ailnilral aLio tor-

66

RHODE ISLAND I>" THE REVOLUTION.

warOtd lis n K-llor, dlrecU'd to Congress, from lh« Kliiff of Frnncft, andj
»l)];ii'C(l Itjr Ills Mi^wtty, addn-KMlug lilt In I lie mu»i rt^speclH:) and tender-
man ni-r."

On the nth of July he again writes :

'* I \iul llic lioitor or bcliiR |ir«sent ilio lant SalkbnLh al the rnoNt liiteruit-
\a\i InlprvU'w lliui wvcr Uxtk [iljirc Iti AmiTkn, or i«Tlm|i» In ilic tvorld,
bvtwvcii Muu^Il-ui' fj^-rard, iliu 1'lunlpotfntl.iry uT >'i'kiicu, «ikI the Pri'id-
(lent of Congre^, on lUv part of tliu xovcrvian Indtiiffti'liTit Uiittcd Suitcn
of Amcrlrn. TIiIh liiUirvk-w was m(>«l conlhl. :rciitfrinia ami ih>I>Id, In
111; torn I liii^ Lho honor of poisoitull}' rou;;rjiUiIitUii;; ilLs KxrrlU'tucjr iipoti
tiU Mtfe arrival, and ^it'liig him n liiiirty wdcomo to the Utiltvd Stntca of
AiDcrkit."

And still n<x">n ho trrit^^.^, Aiiiriist 1 Itli ;

" Lnst 'nuirsday CongrcM jfnva public an<l]«nce to MoaRlciirQernrd, Hie
Mlnislvr Fl<-uipoK'iititiry of yniriici'. It wiiis mi nripirluoi day, an Import-
nnt irniieuirtliiii. niul t hopi- roplulc wILIi liiHllni; adv.iiUii;;rs tit thi; United
Btabcs ill tliintrid. and to iIig Sutc of Kliodi' [nliiml I11 partlciiliir. i)/ Itils
(liiy, pcrhnps at This momLnt. wc arc ruaplu" the IiU-^.^Io-^h nviTilns from a
treaty wlih ho (towQi-ful nti allj'. I think tli<- cuiriectiim wn<> lirought
lilKtiil by Ihr luiiiil ciT lli-nra-n, mid thcn-upon U prumbea to b« lasting, w
It lit iiiiittndly ln'uilk-hil, gt-imrou» ami noble."

Of tbtj li*caty of iillinnce, WilHam Ellcry, also a ilelegate
in CbngrcsH from Newirort, writes :

*< Inslenil of puntiiing tliac narrow policy which rc;rar(l4 nnty the pres-
ent iiionKMil, nod prcstitt latpifsL. mid nobly dlsdalnln;; in tukt ndvnntM^
of our »ltii!iLii>ii, t'i'iiiK.'t hnth, with a Miinll viirhiMoo. iicr-i^ditl to mir pro-
pusid)<. ihui'fHy tloobrlcov liitviulioi; to liiml lim tn ihcm by Indissoluble
ties of anci:liou lUid cnitilitde."

The IuUgw of the Commissioner, he says, "show a good
dUpusition in the powers nf Kiirnpc t<iwnnis ug."

When the fleet of Vit'C-A<lniiriil Count D'Kstaing a|>-
poured on our suutheni cotuit, the (|it(3etiun an>se, how it
coutd he i'ni|»loycd to tlio lii'^t ;iilvant{i<.'e. One idea wa» to
blockuile New York, and thus co-oporatc with the Ameri<?rtn
land fon;cs in c(>i)[)iii<r up llio British troops in that city ; Init
it waR t'oiind. n[inn exiiinination, thiit the t-btinnel was not of
sufficient depth lo permit the entrance into the harbor of the

m

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

fi7

it ships, and wi llinl ])Iwn was abaiuloii<Kl. The next
plan waH to mvetit NewiKirt, ami l»y a simnUuncnua nHsaiiU
by (he iia\.il niul laml forcCM, nnJin- Sullivan, Irt insure the
vnptiii'e {)f the enemy then huh)iii;;p<>t<}>cssi(m of the tawnand
nf tho island. AetMirdinfrly IVEslainjr bore away for Uiis
oiit-poat of suulhuni N«w England, and appeared off New-
port July 29, 1778. The imtiiince of his fleet into (he har-
l»or, August 8, filled
the i>neniy n'ilh i-on-
Hterniit ion. So in-
tense viaa the fear
awakened, that thu
t h r o 0 gna nl vrsseU
inichnrcd in the K»»t
IHta^age, and Ihc seven
veRneU anchored in
the West pasoa^^o and
ill the bay as far north
iLS nearly opposite ihc
northerly end of Pni-
dentw island weri',
to prevent their (>e-
fiiminr; prizes to oiir
Frrnch allies, oi-dfred
to lie dealroyed.

These vessels mounted in Ihe a^it-galo two hundivd and
eighteen giina, vix. :

AlADD. gnllt-y, - ir>Kiinii. OrpliL-iix, rrli;au-, • aXj^unN.

Orbvi-U!!, frl;{itl«, - - 'in ftmm. l'ls"l. irJilli'J". - - * gHtw.

Jmio, rrlKRl*-. .1! itun*. SpUdre. gnlU'y, • 8 Kons.

KiiiK's Plvtii-r. eloDp. ■ lA ifuiis. Floni, n-lgale, - :t? i^uitn.

I^rk. frlj:ale. - :);; ifuiix. Falcon, xloop, IK iniiiK-

^S(a^

Of these, thu Flom and Falcon, with their arnmuiciitti,
were sunk. The other ei;j;ht were burned, and all llieir
nuinltiona of war went to the Imttoni.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. q9

The following details will perhaps make the account more
intelligihie to the rciuicr :

Alarm, (inlloy, ntntluiii'd at Fofrland Ferry, Ea»t Tassngc; burnt at
Snndy Point.

r'erlHTii.'i, rrl^nte, fttntluned snutli or Dyer's Inland ; burnt Hirther south,
near Portsmouth whore.

Juno, rrl^atc. stationed in centre of West Passa^, about half way
in'twet-n Jamestown We.tt Ferry and Connnlcnt Point; burnt in CoddinR-
lon's Cove.

King's Flslier, sloop, fltationcd at rhi; Ronthcrn entrance of tlie East Pait-
Slide; burnt n Utile norili nf Lliilc Sandy Point.

Larit, frigate, stutioncil nildwtiy between Arnold's Point anti Prudence
Island; burnt near Portsmouth shon-. about midway between Arnold's and
Coggeshall's I'oliits.

Orpheus, Mjiate. stationed between the northern end of Prudence
Island and Calf Pasture Point; burnt near ('okK"='*I*!'1' I'oiut.

Plgot, galley, stationed near Brenton's Point ; burnt a little south, near
tlie shore, on the opposite side of tiic cove.

Spllllre, galley, stalloued In the Easit Passage, south of Little Sandy
Point and near Portsmouth shore; burnt at Sandy Point.

Flora, frigiite, sUitloned Houth of Race Island ; sunk In Newport harbor,
south of Long wliarf

Falcon, stoop, stationed l)elween (Joat Island and tlic Dumpling": sunk
near the south end of Ooat Ishind *

•GKNEItAL ORDEKS llEFOHE THE BATTLE.

The following Orders issued by (xeneral Sulliviin. prepar-
atory to moving ou the enem^v at Newport, after taking \nt»-
jiprtsioii of Hulls' Hill, seem to have ti fitting place here.

■OvK ttaircR huplarril ou the insrulii uf tilR 'Tlian of th<> llBrbor nfUhndr ImImhI ami
NkiraganK-lt Bay," llio fuliowing

" NiiTKH ANii Kkkkiikni kh v>t|ilninrii)[ Ihc HltuMlun of Ihr IIKitisii Kiill-H anil Foluriw
anrr Ow'Anh of July, 177S, wlitn Ilie French V\t^t unrta-r Ihp niminiinil of rounl (rK-tatnf
■pprsretl Bnil Anrliuri'tl ulT Ihe llnrbor at Kewport.

" Ttip KHiiie (lay two Frciirh FriftitlcP went up thr .Scakonnel I'MMige.
".liily^WtU. Twt) Frendi Linf of llartln .-^hiii-i AnchomI In the XBrrmffmnMtl ra*HiiKt- on

wlilrh llic Kluit'i Trou|H< i|uttti-d I'nnnanlcut Inland.
■*.AuiniBl SIh. Tli« Fri-nch .■^Iilpa rame down lownrdii I>yi-T'a liOamI when Ilir Itritli-h
ailvancnl Frl|[iitFii wrn> dcHlroypd and the Semncn Knrnin|NHl.
"Sfli. The rp"l of tin' Frf iieli FIccI camp inio llnrbuur and Anchored abn-ail of
Ciiulil Inland, upon wlili'h the Kln^'n Tnmpn irithdrrw wtrhin Ihp Lincii.
"iKh. Th*- Knpniy'ii Forcpi landed,"
The Kritiah had one encampnipiit tn Newport, one on Conanirut Ixland, nnp (■ Maval
llriipule} In Hiddlelown, and flvt ciicaoipmentu tn I'ortamouth.

70

KHODK ISLAND tV THE RKVOLUTION.

The nnmes of Genei-als Greene, Haiicoek, Viirnum, Glover,
AVlji|)|)Ie, Tyler, CVirnell iinil l^niuyvUv, tia well us lliosc of
Hiitioniintile offit-ers thcrfrin niitiit'*!, wtiind coiinoctcd in his-
tory whli ttome of tlie n)o^t iniporlant iinU brilliant military
nuhicvcmcnts of tlio Rnvolntinii.

"llRAT>qUAItTKIt8. Aufillitt 14, 1778.

'■ Tlie aripy being under urdcrs m inuri-h lo-niuirow at nix oVlock. lliu
ruUowlDK oriliT uf iiinr<.-h is to he uliscrvcil, viz. : TIk' bi-it;ii(l«'S (j>r ihe
dmi Man tu iiilvniicc i>y lliclr centre In coltirniiH nf two pliiLimii)- in iVutit.
Vnronm'H tiriirtiile tit iiiiir<'h nn hi tlic west ronil, (:inv<-r*s In ilic cn-tl.
(;orn«irs ftnd lircciie's ill llic wiilre bt-twiou tlii-m, Irikili^ t*nrr lodlvieh*
the (jroimd bciwi.'i'H iliv roiulu lis iivar it» JHJS^ltJly t»y lljrlr ceiiiro, Ttie
two brlKudL-s uf Ua- !»c{!i>nil Ihii.' u> udvuticv in fl'out. 'I'Iil- litii: will udvnnrv
la twu colimiiLH. Not^^ttlisLfinilliii; lhi> orrlor uT ninrcli hrn'tonirf! i;lvrn
out. the two i-tfluiiiiii of titc srconti lliir will prcwrvf ih^ir pro|ii-r di*-
tanct! bctwwii ilitJiu fur display lu;; tlitr two rf^tiiKaLs oi" resurvp, wUl
ailvftnctf from tiiv cx'iitrn oT each iti roiiiiiiiiM, nitil pii-xTrn- tlit^lr pro^MT
dl»t(in«:« fordi.«|>l)i)'ilij;. (.'olutii^l (irtciic will nrruriLiL' tiic arUllcTy of tin;
rlfibl uinu In I he van t rouil. Gi'i><;nil \Vln|>|ik'. iviili lite Kvw Ilaitiimlilri!
iroups, will flank uti lltf nrtujr In llii' rl^lil- Ctrntml TyliT, Hith Lliu C<»i
HL-ctluut ti'iiopH, will tlHUk thi? iiniiy oti llic li^n. when Ini) llnnklti;; ilivlti-
liMis will mnrrh liy pIiitoniH Iii llu- uiniiiifr r*'piv^ciitod in the onli-r "f
marcli, «t the dlsUncp ftf fifly rods fVom the wUiji; oJ^ Uie nrmy when
n>rin<-(1. luid p«'scr%-r llml di«tnn<:'-. ('olimi-l llyrr nill inovr iiia rcyi-
incnt lo tilt- ri^tit, uiiil divide It pqiinlly, iind nltlt iiiie-linlf ciml-J' ihe ri;'lit
or tlio flrfti, and Willi ihv mhvr tht Halii "T iht M.-von(l Hut. CwIwr-I
Najroa will dlriito hU ri-{j;imi-nt in llhv iiiHiincr, to cover Ihc ktt ufiho llri>t
and Heonnrt lUii-.x. riinirral >Vlil))pli) nlil d«l«rli from hb rnminniKl niii!
hundrctl ii)i;m l.f> (lunfc Itii' rcwrvr mi ilie righi. t;^•n^r^^l Tyk-r will ilclncli
one hnndr«.-il men from liU coniniikiid l<> liitnk ilu^ ii-<ici-vc i>n Uit U-fl.
Thistp pnrtit;* will eiK-lt Iil- (.'oniinniidrd liy il Held «Oii-ur Tin? NaUmii vul-
urtiH-m will Join p.'irl-« ofNoyrn' n-ttimfiit, whkli i-ovit llw left ofllK' flr?ti
line. TIk' !>li;iinlEi fur ijnrntlliijj, tvhi-i.-U<it> itniL iiinj-ublii^ will li(.< llie »nm«!
us In till.' ui'dL-r of ihc I lUi InMiiiit. All sljcnalx of tliv drum will hi.- Iskcii
from llie hrlt^flde on the rt^til of tln^ flrtit line, and will puHH frnni It
tliroijgli ilic whutc ftnny. Whtu tht troop l>i-al>t. It will Ih; a t^l^'nal for
the army to niovL' up in order to <]i!>pL:)y. When tlie drnm beats !■> tirm*,
the lln^^a nnd n.'-KervuM with llie riivt-rhii^ )iarlli-M [■> thi' l1r3<L nnd nciroiid
llin's will disphty und Turin tin order urbnltle, ilii- flnnklng dWIMoiiH on Iha
rljihL uiiO k-ft nil) hall iind wuit for ortler»

" I'ioiioerH to bu linnivdliiCcly driirird from each curps. wtio nrv to bet
fiiriiltihcd from Lite (4iturti!niinHter with propter cooU for ntmnrlng nb>itrui>
tlnns la the riMid r:>r Held before tlio roininnK. Tlie li;;bL corps will niorv
oo at tcntit a intlc in IVoul of thi^ nnuy. L'olouQl L'riuic will order two

Otm FREKCn AIXIBS.

71

heavy plvces of lirtlllur; mounled on fldJ carrtaKes. to move on In the
t*Bl rond, »w\ two mure In Itie ixevt road.

" Tbti ciiiiiinAiKlt'ix of rurps will hvo llinl tlic urnuigfrinculii arc properly
flxvtl to-dnr, Dint <Mrli oiifi miiy knnw tiln plnct^ )n Uk' mnrnlns CoUioel
I^njilon, with Iii4 dra;;Qoii^. niitl Colonel Slack, whli lili* llgM horftc, will
attviHl at hvadquarlers In thi; inorniut;.

"AFTKB OltDEnH.

' Tlinl no niUtnkc may hnppvti wltli n-xp«'<'l to coinronndvrK of thn nmiy
nollflinl. tliv rltfUl wtn^ nt the flrst line will be com in muled by Brlsodler-
Gunvnil Viimiiin. Tlit; Ivfl wins of ^he nm line will be coinmnmied by
Drluiulicr ricm-i'iil Glover. The ftrcouit liiir will be coinnmutlcd by tbo
Hon. MiiJ>tr-<^-niTnl ILtiicorl;. The rr»<^rvi- by Colonel -C'omiTinTidnnt
Wr»t, Miijor-ficnct'til nrrcni- will coiiimand tlic Hk'H wing nf tin- urmy;
MjJoi'Ginicrjil tin; >lni(|iil» dr In FMiellcibe Itfl. Tlie oilivr pnrttciiliir
cuiuuiaiiil nf curt>!4 Uns Unvu poiutcd out in llic onJcrs uT tlie ^Uiy.

*-A iKTinlt rnitD th« IJl rector- Gi-nerti I uT tli(> HoRpltiil will t>c a Rumdent
wurmtit Tor any ttiir^con or >trk ftoldlcr to pas>( to Ilic ttisln.

•■Tlii; comman«kTs of n-;;ln)ent corps nnd eoinpnny will sappty the
Qliarlfnniinlor-tierHTiil uilliU'iry >t<irfH niiii tbo l?rtniitii)*«ary of I'nivixlon
witli HtK'li niini'icr of luen on tbuy nbaM request, irlthout onli-rs nram
lu!iiil(|iiunvrit.

" Parole— Coox.

" C. Hisac ~ iloiTtiss,"

"llitADQUAitTKna, RnonR Iai^tid, Angnst IS, L778.

" Wijor GrniTii] for the day to-morrow, HancotI:. nri^iitllcr tar the
day, TitL-iiintt. Field Onicfrx, Cohim-I .liit-tihK, Li<-uti>niiiit-Coliin«-l WuodH,
Mujor Wilton, jtrlsiide M^'Jor for the dny, Titcomb.

••O'liHicl IJlavl'JW will uiku commaml of General Glover's BriKftde.
AdjiiUiK L»rnvi\l of Cutonul Slicpard'n rcyiiiivut. will do Brigade Mqjor^n
duty till luribvr onlen*.

" Mnjiir Tiiiiinns Fondiek and Mr. .lohn Trnry «ro iippiilnU'd AUh-dc-
Camp U) Guucral Glover ^ ibcy am to be respected and obeyed accord-
iDgly."

" Uei DQUAiiTKKtf, August 16, 177ft.
" Miijor-Gt-neral for the day to-morrow, Miirquiei l)e In Fayette. Brlss-
dler, Whipple. Fl>*ld ofllcem, Odniiol Wade, Lleutenaut-Colonel Voite. and
Miijor llnidUh. Drlgndo-Major Siiurljunie. Tliv wliule of Nuycn* re^flmrnC
to Lover the l<-n of the MMnnd line. The Boston Imlepciident coiiipauieat
to Join the Siilem roliintet-ra, and cover the left of the riral line. Generwl
01i>vi-r will nUc direction)* where they Are to cncainp. Elj^bC hundred
l^ti;Oic iiieti to In! drafted rr«mi IIr- Hecond line reMrrvi! corjM, General
Tyler'" rLmklug duUlon mul Dut'ii iitid Nnyen' reginK'ntH, aod to parade
la the Aifut lluu ou the ua»t road precliuly ut t>lx oMuek ibb uveiilnj;. A

RHODK ISLAND IS THB REVOLUTION.

covering piirly or one thousand incii Troni tliv llrst Mnv to pnnulc m tliv
Mumv time mill places. Tb« QtJarlcnu»ht(-r-Gi-u«rul will furwDnl till llie
fiuicluirM, ;;itl>ioiiN, |>Utrunii>«, nml iitlrciicliiiiK LikiU, tliiit Die; may be III
fruiiL of tliu flmt Hue kt fix o'clock IhU cvcplnc Tlic t-tiiiiiiilMary of
MlllUir)' i^iofLii nil! rurunnl all ttic onhiaucu lo tlic saini' place und iit iliu
sntne Lime, (^nilnlii l>urtisli Uanson ntul Lk-iili'iiatit Aiillioit> WUulp, nlio
were (tHittdcwl liy iht court martial of which Mujor liiiuUtiyluu wa*
I'rusldcuc, lo tic <ll!i{-h;ir;;<Nl ili.- jter^-k-e, nrc In con«l>lcrnLioii uT ihclr for-
mer gooil h<:lir)viorAiiil offlcer-like cuiiducl, restored lo tlii-ir runner mnkn
and cotnmiiiiU. The Geucm] wbtiex lliftl this iitny »vrvu lo caution tlicni
ffgnJiMt II coiKlovt that niuy til oat-« Uebiruy all the credit lltnt Umn nml
fltithOil scrvk-va biive iic'|tilrei1. Tli« AMs uutl MkJuis of Drl^uilw arw
raquv.Hted to nttinid at inTinftuinrtcrs iiri-clsely ul the liours nivutlom-il lu
tbo orriLTx of tl>« iviith liiht, llri^atllitr GcHLTal ViiniDin will conunaiitl
Kie Crtverin.!; iiartk-s tliisi tveiiip^.

'■ Thi- rniigiir piirtJen n 111 ptLrade with llicir arms, C'^e nWccrs cxcpptetl)
K()liij[*>i> tli<-' lliiv!t. KicliHnl Wulkur uud Itoynl TylcT. E»qs., sre to set n»
BrlijiKlv-KiiJura to lijjbl corps."

" lIiuitquAirrRRR. Aagnst 10, 177».

"ArriiK tlRUKKH.

•* Colonel Crxne to litre the cliur^ of (iructlns tlie lintt«rles this night;
Cnlnn^l Uo> ii»ii ami CulntK-l Gridley lo ns>^ltit liUll.

■' fUjlitiicI Cr-jnu will ik'tarli ^iicli uiimln-r of tirilUury men miO sucL num-
her of pleci's for the (.-ot-eiiu^ pnriy an lie slinll think |)rn|)i>r. He will also
dflliurh nin-h tiiinilier of nx-ii lo laki' clmrjje ot Uie Imtlcilci* and serve the
RKiMion (■•> lie llniN n'qtilMilc.

"Catldil'l lltnkk-y'it coinpiiiiy From Boston, now in Colonel l.ivin^tou'n
iiorfM, to join (lie corps wlilcli now cuvtrd llio left of llie rlrst- line.

"A druft of two h[in>lr<>d men of the most ablf and netlve men from tlie
Niii'«ral cofjtH of tlie nnny, csccpi the first Hue, to bo puraded nl livud-
<)tiart<)ra."

'* Uraiiquaiitkks, niiiiDK Ihi.ami, Annual I':, 17(8.
.... "Ttio Wholo of Colonel Nojes's rejcimeiil to cover the lea of
llm Mrninl lliw. Tlie Bui^toL inde penile nl cnrai>nny lo join t!it- Snli-in vol-
Unlri'M. and eovcr the lea of llie Trout llnii. Geuunil Glover will glvQ
i]li-wi)lloii» «licri; tbcy are to l»e cntainpcd." , .

"HKiiKJUAiti-RRA, RiloDR I«I.A!tti, Angii.it IT, I7T8.

"avtkk ordkrs.

, , . . '* Major .Morton la appointed Alil-de-Canip ii> MaJor-Gf?nerHl
lUiiconli. (^ipulii Hteptien SewiiU mvX UuTUh Kln^'. Excfrs, are appointed
Aldn-do (?4iitp la OcuurnI Olovcr; ilicy are to hi: rcHpocteil tiud obeyed
ML-urdliiitly."

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 73

" HeADQI'AKTKIIK, C.VMP BEFOHR NkWPOIIT, \

"Angust aO, 1778. )

" Major-Gencml for the diiy, to-inorrow, Green, Brtj;nt1ier Tor tlie day,
LovGll. Flolii Offlcors, Colonel HancH, Lieutcnaiu-Coloucl I'opo, Mnjor
Fenno. Brlysidc Mnjor, Nllus.

"The Goiicnil positively oniei-s that no officers coiiiniamling fatlgne
parties kIiuU suffer them to come ofl* the workit until they are regularly
relieved, or <ll->n)is8ed by the Mnjor-Geiierul of the day. The court mar-
tial, whereof Itrigudier-General Varnum Is I'rcsldent, to sit to-morrow, to
try Colonel Noycs fur taking off the fatigue {inrty withont order.<i and
without having heen relieved,

"The Quartermaster-General to apply to the Adjutant- General for a
proper nnniher of hniuls to bury the offal of the cattle killed about ciimp;
aliio the carcasses of dead oxen and horses about the Island. Colonel
Kvans will give onlers for burying tliose on the north part of the island.

" The Geiienil entreats his bnivc ollleers and soldiers to use their ntmodt
efforts In currying on their upproaehes to the enemy's lines. Though a
noble spirit of patriotism brought numbers of brave men on the ground
whose piirtk'ular Interest loudly culled for iheir presence at home, and
though the General is convinced that the put>llc Interest will still prevail
over every other consideration, yet he wishes to do everything In hla
power to forward the return of those brave mm to their respective fami-
lies and business ; for which reason he exhorts every one to use their best
endeavors to make the siege as short as possible.

'• While the Commander-in-Chief esteems it his duty to retnrn hta
warine.st acknowledgments to the truly spirited citizens of Salem. Marble-
head, &i: , who so cheerfully turned out to uike charge of the boats, and
who have hitherto exocnteU their trust to so universal satisfaction, he
cannot help expressing his concern, that the term of time they agreed
for, is so nearly expired; it gives him the most sensible pain to reflect
that the unfavoraldc weather, the absence of the French fleet, and some
other unforeseen and unfortunate events, have lengthened out the opera-
tions far tieyond his expectations and Iny him under a necessity of calling
on those men [who ought to return home with the thanks of the army and
country in general] to continue the sacrlflce they are making of their
private Interest for a few days longer, to see the business they are bo
nobly engaged in completed, and this Island again restored to the domina-
tion of the United Stales." . . .

" HK.ipquAUTKii8. August 2-t, 1778.
" Major-General for the day, to morrow, Marqnls de la Fayette. Briga-
dier, Glover." . . . The company of Salem volunteers will Immedl-

■ Uencrmi John <il'>vFr, M>n of Jonftthan, Jr. and Tabltlis (Bncon) Glori-r, Wfw bom tn
SkleiQ, Hbhn., NiivL'riiber 5, ir32. Me «Brl}r removed, wtlii three brotlirrn, (Joutttlikn, Mam-
ad and Uaulrl,) to Marbletieod, where he learned the trade of a shoemaker. In 17M (Octo-

10

74

RnO]>K ISLASD IS THE REVOLCTION.

fttelj marcti to IKiwIand's Ferrj: nod put thvoiselrcff nnder the commHiid
of Colono) Lcc, to ^uiinl ih« bmiiM, siii] u> msti tliein Mlii-n uccaAtim mny

IhtW; hr mirrlnl IlMinali (ikli-, of t1>al los'ii, ■nil pii|tv"l '» *^ Aahliit and ollirr tm-r.
twiitUr pumiili, trlikli wrrr linnpitroualy fallowr<l uiilll tlir brraklnji uiH of itiK Kvt'utu.
IIOTiary wur. Ilv liccnair pronilupnl In lown Biriilr*, nlid InM oa<f of lionor ■ml uu.i.
Up w&«fur iDKa; year* nxinrirliil nilli llii< mllilnrj. nii'l al llir li4-gSiiiiiiijc<>f Ihr «iiir nlmn-
duiHxl liji pxiriulii' biiiliipin, ral>n1 a n-Kliiipnt uT unv ilioiiMinil nirii, ■iiil J'>Iiifi1 Wai>h-
Initluii ■! Camliriitjit. A» tiiii comniamk wat etfiniiosri) ino-ll* of ftiiini-Q, il ubtaini>d lh«
MtbrUjiirt or flu- " Unrhir Itrxiinrrit." aiiit fur ll* lh<ir<JU|iti ilirill. liraiiTy hinI Hblltit tu rlu
vrvlevatlkr ou laml or wiIit, Wft> rvK*")^ by Hit '.uiumaiiilcrlii Cliltf iM uiit> of lliv
moal valiwblo aciuI'Mkni' ro lit* amy. »<»d Oetubrr I, IHA, to July ^O, 1770. (ulonel
iUotvr tta* rlntinm-it hi ili->rrly. llanf .. umjarlrh Miittrr-Maitpr <rt-nrral tilriilipti Mnj-lan
[■» All) al WaaliltijEiiinj imik iftiMvv if tlw riiulpincnl aiul mAonlng wf vcitvti and rroU-
er» Mlling Troiu tliat fori and from Kuli-m »ud UnrttMwad. Itirir iliitii-* urn- faJlUnilly
and ■ucoeianilly illH-hnTjrnl- t'V'kinff llrmly lir J<il»H. WiUltlnKTon on l^nfi Uland, ami
rradO'rpil luvaloaW.f wi vlort, iKlHnia rrlrral twrimir iiiTi-M*ry,liitnijii-riiiU'iidi1i^ tlvlran^
gmlallaB at an aniiy of iiliii- lliiiuuiii] iripn, hIiIi all lliv KpM arllll4-ry anil mirh lirsvy i>nl-
liaiiev uiwaa nf Mott value, mmtuiialllvDi prvvMoiu, rlc, taort il.ie rittr lo llir main
land In Ihr tpmtx at ililHiiii liuun. Vat gftllant irnioi-iat Wnl nicilir. Ociolicr IK,
t^T^hawa* nimtillamiU'il lij (ii'urral L*r, aiMt alaolnx^tipmlunlm by M'aildoKtun. lie
ma mnnHMlonnl a BrlKiulli-riif n»nU Ki-btuwy iri, I7;7, bui al nr>t iti-rlltvi-d thr tiunor.
Tlirongfa Ibr |irrwa<Iwii of Waibln^tltin, hIid •iilrrlaliird a Mgh nplnton uf lil> iiitlliiiry
■MItIf , In- di>ally iKviitril II. Hv «■■ with WaihlnglUD al Treiilun. villi lirvcna In ?(p«
•Jwwry, and nilh (iali'i nl ^nrali'itn. Atlrr llm mirrmilpr <jT llurxoytm llir itnpnrlHiil iluly
waa aial(D«l lilm nf coiidunini; iIh> iirlMiiiPi*, Orv lluiutatiil •r>i>ri iiiiinlml aiiJ nlm-iy.on*
In nuwbrr, !<• •.'nntliHilKi:- A» alrradr *»«ii, licjuin^d >ulliraii In I'luildetifc tuc«i)penl«
wUb him In llir r«nit«tgn on Itliuilr lalaml. lie <*>• will li> Iluttun to rngagF Iwo liHth
Atmi or itim- liuiialml ■■anu-ii or nilipr |>iT«Kit wrll ut^iuHliitpd wlili biiHli, lo imI m boa)<
M«u in [lie i-xr^^dlilon. Tin- " llonon ItidcppudiMit lompany," loloiicl l(lc)il>()rn,&Sdcm
oolnpany, Papluln .saiiiurl Flaiijr, ami leiaii) inliiiilii'nt liuiii UarblLlii-ii<I mitf srcutvil,

Afti-r ilip ttlrpol of llif iinnj Imri (tie l"lBnil, l.inrrni (Ibirpi- « lilj lilo brlfpiili' rrhimWl
la l*nivld(-n(». wlii-rr In- niiialiiciL mil 11 Juli 7. ir;v. «btn hi- li'tl to Join tin- nulla Amy.
H> waa a mciiitii-t <t1 ll»< nmrl iimrlinl lH'r«r-t> itbiini llir uigfi>rliinxti> AniJn- wai l(i«d.
From "I'sinri lVpht<klJI," ?jpv<-iut/«r .'Sili, lie wrlrn In {;tnrrKl Jliincork ^

"Tlir wfiiil*- iif till' army lim ||Titi|. itiln itiulf^r ijuarlrr* rll«i-|>tlBK llrnft*! Mson** Mid
hi; tirtnadpi, itlio air imw In dip flrtd (rlxlit liuiiilipil iirmy nipu ulllinul ihuc iir alncklng)

mJoylAiE UK' BWHit iif a wlnirr'i canipalBn, while tlio wurtliy «d<I <rli«i<)ut rttlfcu* uf
Amerioa arr niiliirliij; tlw ltafd*lilpH. lulU ami rallf:u>-* lin-hU'UI Id gurlniirt. Kith saoA
in*, Wm) aliHl>ltj|; uii IihU of duwii. ^V\u^ Ilia I Intra Mi i'hh- aliJ iiUliiri li> pujiiy u gintd

«i>Halll«ll«ii, kntl at Hit- (anir lime fnake hli fartum-, would ant be u tuiaintf "

WlkPH the pi«iln1»y •arrlilrri and Ihr lacilllcr iiriipallh mailv bj (jnirml (jl'm-r.
tectrthcr Willi Hip kiill^Ylng rondltlnn of ti4« brlgadr, nrc braaghl lnlv*kw, (iiv Iron/ uf
the abmp <|iiikliillnii witl Ih* imhIiiiwiI.

Gtiirmlillovvr n-iiiaiiir<l 111 wnii-iu until Jnljr, l7IS,«ih»a, on accaonl of InnrsdiiR ID
iKalih.bi' rrMfiit-tl lib ojiiiailwlun. CwriKn'M ■MppicdlhffwditnailOB.uidiitncc'l him uu
llw half-pay rulabllilnncnl. The midue uf lili llfi.- waa ipenl 111 Uaililr-hnHl, nvln-iv hn
dird of a licpillc ilitrntv Jaiiuafi' 'M. ITV:, ax^^ ilxly-IlK- yvvm. lilt rctnaliia war*
drpnilli-d lu llir (aiuUii tomb in thr i)1d buiyliitt Krouiid In Marbltlii'ai). "In |>riviilr Urn
It* <■«■ thii warm and aii-iuty frlrnd, fiti- fiiiin ex fry a|ipcaraiii^>!< uf sullr a nil illiniiiiiilalloil.
He wa* thi- BlRicI loll air hiiiDutid. Ilir kind brollicr. and the b«>;<l uf fnlliL-ni "

In IfCS Ik-iijanilu TiIit Iti-iil prrnfiiUil l<> tlir city of Iluitoii a bninfc- ulalur of Clrncnkl
tilm«r. it ll iitf hpnilr (.Ixc, aitil n'}>nriM-i>IK ttim In cnullni-iilal uniform, wlllv Ibn licavy
mlUiar; ovcTTOttt hanxiiiji In itracEful fulil^ fiam liti ihoulder*. It fland* iin Cominon-
WT^illli ai<-iiii<-. iijxiii 11 ((niiiitc pedeatal, upon wlildi li lD««rlbi.'<il « luuiiuary uf lilt mllftary
carver.

OUR FRENPH AIJLXMS.

7$

rM)nlK. Two hiindrird mi'n properly otllccred And commnnrlDd hy & l.len-
tcnBtit-l'oIoncl. to t>p tuhen tViMii WlilUiej'it iiml WjiilBtvorlli's rcKlments,
.itlil niiir<rli llilx sfl iTiiooti nt 4 o'cluck. to Biitlti' Hill niiil put llnrm"<'Iv«-ti
iiiiit«T cominiind of Colonel Evshn to ncvslBi the incu now on tUi> grotiud In
cnnfttructlos the ■iec:e».''ary works; tliuM* nuii v^buiilil be |ii-iiicipull5 ttucli
M nn: acquiiliitnl with hoatB. that iliojr tniiy tw nlilc to mnn ilii>m vrhen
colled ti|)oii for that pnrpoM. The QunrtormBstera and (?oiim)l<i.snrle<i Arc
to ivmove nil lln-lr iii-nvy Mtnry,i iinl fiintiedlutrlj wsnicd to Itic iinnli end
of ibti Ifilnml. All tliv tivai'/ ))as;(ri;!<^ nliould lit itc-iic oir, thnt the ariuy
tnjij not l>F L-iicumtMTi-d nltli H in tlini> of iictlun. Thu mini from (■onerat
Tittfomb'* hrifinde wliloh liavv Jitiiiod OiloncI LHwruncv's corps ari* Imine-
dlau-ly lo ri'iurn t» vliclr rwit>*-'ctlvc regimcntii

"As It Khc* nnuAi troublr (u furnlfb Lliu ll)j:bl liurornivn niid dn^ootiit
with pKMirs to croHs iho forry every lime llay are sent on bUMnDH<i. they
*re to pA»h and rr|Mi.'<i« willioiil wrltlt!ii p(i"*ieit. Tbe pickrt which litft hi
rmr of lUr hnttery now ^reclln;; on tha light, are to move down titc road
In fhint of the bntt«ry wery cvrnlnx ut dark, anil rrtiirn Bgnlti nlday-
hrwk "...

Il WBs tho intention of fJeneml Snlliviiii, after having
fstnliliiiheti liir« litirs at Unttu' Ilitl. to ns^uuH the enemy in
hiti IriMidies. Ati;;u8t 1 2th wiis ihe diiy (lesi<rniiteU fur his
itnny to move. On the lllli he insued a patriotic general
order, in which h« >tai<l :

" Tbff ConinMndcr-fn.4'hi4rr of the unny nn Itlimle Nliind Uitvliiifc iw<ii«d
ord«r» for Ibe army lo movt< on towardu Newport lo-morrow morning [ol]
)>lx o'clock, iskeit this opportunity l» reiiirn Mt< uioNt cordlnl thaiikit lo
tlio brsvi; olllcvrs, voluutcent and aoldlvrK, tvlm huvvt^iih bu (nii(.-b alacrity
repiilrcil 10 Iblx pU«t! lo filre llielr a-ixUtauce In cxilrpsthif* the Rrlllbh
tyranbi rh>m their country. The tan} nnd uplrii which ihi-y have dUcov-
rrred, tre to him the most pIcAAlni; prcfliizca of viclnry. nnd he Is hnpjiy lo
flud hlHiM-lf nt the hi-nd of nn nruiy fur 9tu|jcriur hi iiiimbiT» lo that ofthe
enemy, nctitated by u inrred rcgHrd for Uic Hbrrtk-n of Ibcir conntry, nml
flrcd with Jast reH«Dt(neDts aj^nlnHt thoK barbarians nbo hHve delused
their ruuiitry with Iniiocvnt hluod, and iipreiid dunolailun on every \>an of
tlie continent whei-e ibey bavo Iwwn fiuffered lo niarrb. The prospect
Itcfore »:* K> now exceeding prontlHlnj;. TheM>veml enrps linvo everylhlnfc
til •nlniule and pre>s them on tn vfctury. The TrUil bmvcry of the eonll-
urninl orDixTM and Huldli^rs, mid the KIl-a they tniist liavt^ of the dfjteud*
ence placed upon Iheir valor, immt sllninlniv them Ut support the cbarKC-
ler ihey bare Junity actrulred."

After exprcst^iu^ bis enuHdcDve in the vnlunteera, Stntu

76

UIIODK IKhANI) IN THE REVOLUTION.

troops and militia wliu Imd gathered to his supjmrt, be
hAAoaI :

"The Ut'ticrtil. rtn hh part, nsjiircs his hrnvtf ftrmy thai lie, Willi Lbc
tilinoxt clR-trruliieiiii, Aliarex with tlwrn every dsttgcr and ratlgtie. and In
ready (o reiiture liU lifV Id every InvUmee where hfa country calla fur It."

A UlSAI'l-OINTSIENT.

On Ihe eveuing of tlie dny lliut Gencntl StilUvan with his
army crosjted over troin Tiverton and look possftSBJon of the
enemy's works on Bnlts' Hill, Admirni Ilowe with a fleet of
thiily-si.\ vets!«elt^. tUirteeii of Ibeni sbipa of t.ho linu. atid
seven of them frigates, was discovered ofl* Point Judith,
evidently intending to suppnrt the British Und forces at
Newport. Wiien D'KstuinjK (wwiiue iiWHrc i>f Ibis fuel, he
immediately ro-embarked the troops he had landed as a
re-enforecmcnt to Gcncnil Snllivnn, and put to oca, eager to
meet his nsivsil foo. The opposing fleets npproaehcd eaeh
other, and for an entire d-ty niainjeuvred to ohtiiin the weather
gHge. Hh(1 ihc wealher liceti favonihlf.-, tlie sl<ill and entfaii-
Aumm of the Frcneh commander wonid prolwhly have Iwen
crowned with coinplete Mitcess, hiit inifua'tiiniitcly fur the
])ur])ose of h'Kslainw', tiie storm of unpandleled violence,
already i-eferred to, which so discomforted Snllivati's army,
interposed a force more diflk-nit to ovcreoine than that [)re-
«ented by tJje enemy's sfpiadron. Knt the determination of
the French Admiral was not shaken. In the midst of the
tornado an Gnjja^ement was attempted. The winds, how-
ever, were mi^ditiur tlitm the enemy's >!»n^. The Admirnl*:*
ship, tlie LHn>ruL-doe, was dihtnasled ; the ToniiiUit met with
a similar disaster, while the other vessels were, to some
extent, danmjred. After the slorm abated, two fifty-gun
ship^ that attempted to piin possession of the Langiiedoe
and the Tonnant were beaten off", and two of the enemy's
eniisers, the Senegal, sloop-of-war, and the homlvketch
Onvfws, were eaptui-ed.

For several days nothing was heard from the Frcneh

OUR FBENCH ALLIES.

77

fleet, but on the 20th of Octolier, D'Kstftiiig rcnppcarcd in
N'ewiiort barbur, inspiring hope little fbort of certainty,
ilml thi" t-nemy's aniiy would wkiu bo cjiptnrcd. Tlio Ailiui-
ral, iti view of the (lihipidated condition of his fleet, felt
that it would not bu wlvisiible nor safe to engage in another
contest until necessary re[wurs had been mndo. For this
purpose he wtilcd the next dny (21st) for Boston, anti the
hope raised sank not to rise again. When his decision
beca|De known, General Greene, who, with Lufiiyeite and
nthei-8 went on I>card the Admiral's ship to persiinde him
to i-emain a few days, felt greiitly disturbed at the turn of
alTaire, To bis friend, Cluirles Pcltit, the former thiw gives
vent to hiK fpolingrs :

■<I wim on bimnl th<- FfL-nvli nc-<'t. I tisvc only timo In tell roti ttiu
ie«II hOM fciH iiit/> lltr tlcvU Tliry nrv sbont to dvivrt iiin, nod g» miiml to
itoD- The s^irlsion ivutikl hv all our own In a. 0-w tlnyn if ili« Heel
Voulil uiily coupvrntc with iin : but Hliit>, lliry will nni. Tliry have got n
lUlW KtiAturctl 111 ibc laic Hturin. ami nru .ipprelKMrnlve a Juncture of
Syron'i* bikJ Ilowt^'A tetls may prove tlKlr niiti. I inn nrrnlil our vx^hmII-
>n Is now at un end. Llkf^ nil tlic- fumK-r atu-mpts II will Urmlnntcwlth
(1t)i|tTic«, )>ecdnAe i]n»iic(-«)i»Ail. N^vcr wtiM 1 In a mora pi'r{>ti.-xin0 xltu.
ntioti. To evacntite tbv Islnntl in iWxth : to ntitj- may be niln."

To ^^''asbington be writes :

" The depnrturo of thw Count D'EiitAlnr>n-1th t>l5 fleet fnr Bontoii, . . .
bas, Bi t spprrbeudeil, rutuctl nil unr opvraiiuDs tt struck biicIi a paule
atuoni; the inltllia uuil voluntt-vn) thai itii'y bcarati to dt^Hcrt In sIioaIh.
Tilt- fleet no Hoouer Fct fall tlinti tlioy began to t>e ularmed Tor \tic\r flaTety.
Tlilo nil»r(irtuiH> (ImnpcneJ the liopes of our army, and gave &cw sptrlts
to (Itai of the enemy."

General Sullivan and his ofliciTB. foreseeing the disastrous
effo^-'t the departure wouhl have ujion the cam[>aigQ, di-cw
up a strong protest against this course, (which l^afayettc
derline<l to sign,) and dcspat^^'hed it after him by Colonel
I^turens in a fast sailing vessel. But the protest failed of
its design.* The Adminil continued bis course for Boston,

•Thfi |w<Hm| proved «a emlwrntumrnl to boUi eonpcM and WaaMiiKton. M «■•
Jnrikimul)' placml In Hit hawU of ManiWnr Gcrat4,l)iB Frraeh Mlnblvr, Ibr tils oobJiIms

Oim FBBNCII A1JJBS.

79

Hion an tinu^iml imiuber assembled tn pniliike of the (iuv-
crnoi''8 viands, wben, in the lan^^imge of Mutlain IIanc»ck.
"tho common wjw Ivodizoncd with Inco." The cooks wero
driven to det^pHir. and Ibe exigency was uiel only by milk-
ing ihe cows oil the comnion. Tlic Admiral i*c(]uited the
(Jovernor'* entertuinments hy a grand dinner on board his
ship. The Oovemoi's lady, weatod near her h<n»t, wa*
requested to pull u cord, which wjm the signal f(tr a discharge
of all the guns of the squadron. The good dnme confessctl
herself surprised nt this
coup (ie theft(rt. •

[jafayette, pained by
Ihe departure of the
fleet. alM'ays hopeful,
and always pi-onipi to
meet an eniergoiicy. re-
solved to make one
more attempt t<) secure
its temiioniry return.
By relays of horses ho
early reached IJoston. **-rr
and held an inleniew
with the Admiral. But
hxA powers of perKiiasioii failing, he hH/%tened back with all
possible <!espatch, hoping to he in season 1o lend his com-
mand in the action. In six an<l a half hours he rode sev-
enty miles, a fcjit purnllelcd only by (he fuuioim "Sheridan's
ride from Winchester," at a critical period of the hite war of
the liebellion. In bis hope he was disappointed. To bis
great mortifiention and ehngrin he reached the scene of
action only tu seaston to assume the honorable command of
the rear guard on the retreat.

l> Q'l

■AiaroM lumov.

• llnUi*'* I^Ddmarti of Kixhiii. WMIp Ihr FmiAri flcpl U>' to ItMtaii luirlMtr. a Brttbh
Irat of tKcBly (bII boiD In dRht. Tlin AilmlriJ linmrdlaiptj! mmlp pn-paralloBa to ntwt
U.bM Ok uwtnr.aner ibowlog hlmMll, drew off wlthtnil bkUokui alUnpt uimhi tlic

IMTB.

OUR FBKNCH ALLIES.

81

Sullivan "hilt, one of tbreo nieaaiircs to piirsuo: to cuiitiuiie
the siege by regular a|)]>roaches ; attempt the garrison by
storm ; orefTurt an iniiuudiiitc iTtrcut.urid suvure our stores."
On these [loitits he sotivbt tbu upiiiion ol* tienonil (irceno,
who, with his usual clear insight, replie*! as follows:

■Von nirlher Inform mo lliiit the i-uumy'si cuUecllvc Btrengtii l» alxjut
f^iOOO, BD(1 Hint yonr own fmro in »,I71 rank um1 illu, beslJos a well-
' appolnrpcl arilUQry, and that yoa expected n. rulnfurccinL'tit lu two or tbree
dayi* nt a.iKM) iin-ii.

" In tliifl Mtiintlitn und iinclcr Ibrse ctrcumBtnncc^ yon demnnd my oplu-
ion which of the Ibni- iutu.-»i jvh It It your duly and interest to ptirsim.

" [t will tw n (»\iy tu cunliiiuc the ek'ui; liy ro^fulur a|)proacbe«. We nre
conll(*n(>itti tn Saw York: and Llioir Htreiigili and ficcnrlly tln'ir viiaUe
them to dotnch ciich & force thai iipnii julnlng t!io troop* here tliey wtrald
be Uta Turinldalilo Tor yuur arniy. Tlicy will be mutinous, didlcult to
gnvfrn, tmd of littler HvrvicR in nitr TtiturK opuratloiis. Tbvr« ore many
crthvr reasons Ibit urge a retrvnt, biit th«-"e rnsiy Midler nnil woiilil l)e »iilR-
cletit ill my biiinblvopUiioD toJunlKy yon [u cflVictln;; onv Immutllalcty.

"However, aa uur fbrct-s arc all cuUcctcd anO in pr«lty good h«aUli,
and then; will be no additional expt-iiae to tlie public to altvmpt lu |>D«svas
ooKclvctt or tlie town hy .siirpri:'<', I ithnll lake Ltifi llberly to Hii^iEcsl a plait
for your con!it<lcrnlion. I ams^ii^iihlerhAt luitlicr tlic number iiorquHllly
of niir iniopH woijlii jii*liry iin attack ii|)ori the ciieiTiy*a lines hy open
stomi ; b«( a* many ad>-aotiigc« are lost for want of lM<ing attempted, It
■IMLjr be wvll for you to coiiifldi-r Low far you can be JustlUvd In riftklng th«
coiiBcquencts that may fulluw the attempt.

•prnnl nnininnntrBlInn will) th«Uaclar, lii>plng tatnlbt till acltve ijiDpQl hy hi lllir allompt
MWc rt-IVm-il I't. HI* Iffller irn« n«vtn|uui1nl bf "MI<t» ■n'l iwrw-U"' lii>Ui:«:tn|t Th»
•Btarrof lilinilMbHi. lii rrplr lir. rrnnlillik *ald: "'n>irancUl dlqiAtchn lo wliLch roa
ntu no <«nlal(i iiolliliijc inma llisn whal mr have iron In x\ir Acl iif I'Hllaiumt. vl( ,
oAn irf pariloii iiiHiii i>iibiiil>^l»n; <r|tlcli I nan mrtt lo Bnd, •■ II iiiuat e*"* T^ut t.(inl-
aMp pain (o tw iwal m Tat <m «■> hiipHrsii n butliicH. ..... Vaiir l.ont>lil|> biay piM-

■Iblf rvnipinlirr llii- li^n iif JM)> that u'vt Hijr rhtvk wlim at y»ai giioil ■l*i»r'i In [.oiuloti,
'70a onet jpiT« Bi« czp4s-tailiMu tbat a rtrconeUtailoB nlittii »w>n take plH««. I Uail lb* mto-
AvrtMBB to diid lliriv miHTiallotia illui|ipu[utpil, ami to be (rfa)eil a* llip <su*« of Ibv nila-

ehlcf I «!■■ latmrini; 10 pnvciil I know )»ur Knnl itiollre In ruanlna

hllhrrwa* ilic lin|ii- of brlu^ InaliumMiIal la ar*«ooclli»li<in, atid tirlir>'r, « lien you finil
Ihal to bti [in|K>ulbl*, to aiif turniii fivpii jou 10 [im|iDir, yoa will rBlio<|ui>h hi odknu a
tOMiBiaad. and rrliira to a laorc hoQorabl« priTale tiaHoa."

ItepiMlllauor llir tWvt iiiiili-r Adnilmt Uoiir'* oaoiniaad when flnt mtd on IhtWhoT
AanBrt prior in iW rnpasciiMiiii wlih Cuuui IriUtalm, U Indlealod by *aaMJ« In Ih* rtghi-
lunH VontT or ihv mai> on pafc BK Md ralttratnjc Ovb .Wrttea hl« oaval ear««T waa
narkrd >llb •■!(«-•■. In IT^ h(t waa maile Admiral ijf il»- Wbllc; In IT'tiwa' nilHHl luan
Earldmn, ami la ITvl rvcwiird tlw Ordn of IIm (>arii>r, ami wan mail* Ailiuira] ortli* irrt.
Urdti-J AujtaMB. i;wl A inonuawnlia Ui ntflMnr mar ba uaa Ui St. I'ael'a Catlwikal.
LcMduu.

n

sa

&HODE IHLAMD IN THE BK%'OLmOS.

" The gurtooa U said to be G.TOO strong; ihtj %n vcU rbctificd wtU
Ubu, ndoabu, «Ad abttttis : jovr ctmiKth is bat little stnvr #.000. To
■Uaek <.0n ns«lar trogpi Iti rcdoabt*. with ma espactwloa or anyimg
themt, woold rvqolre l»,000 Hoops of rgual ur ^oiwrtor qoalhj : toq hare
b«l abost S,<M» rasmlar Iroops aaO A.UOO mUltU. TbenAwv It b ■ tbOf M
thlak of eCttttee aajthinff by open fttonn. ir UTtblof o*a be HK^tcd U
■HMtbebj* nntrngtm.

" CpoD reconaoltertnc lb* <tark4 1 otnrrre m rMlonbt maod a bome al
Um b«Ml of Xastna^ bvacb, « lilch cotnniBUds tb« pa»s. If h« co«M po*-
sen DBiwlves of tbls mloubt ne tnlgbt posslblj opca ■ pMMgc wtUiIn
dwir Uac4 by tbe wa; of tb« brAch. t wotM pick o«l tkiee b«Mlr»>l men
of tbe h&Ht tr^K^s lu Ibc fermr. ami ^We tbr rotnniaiMt to a good oAccr,
Mbo •bonbl be provldrd wttfa boata at Salcbacs^t bt>*ch, all complatttf
naaned wlib {ood oaramrn, to land tb« p«nj •»(■• dlicaace aovtb of lb«
mloQbi, wfatrb tbrjr shouhl Bttempt to poaavu UKHttdrca of br tzed bay-
owla. I would karr a body of troops rauljr at tbc anraocc of Ui« beach
to posh nrrr fbr tbctr rapport If Iht-j shooM «icc««<l, aad tbe NboV array
to follow In order aod Die off to ihr letl aod gK •pan tbe blgb gruaiHls
back of the town, and tbcrc fomi 1b good orOer.

*' If tbe enemy aboukl attack tb« eolasia as It mov^d Iborard tbere
mast be deHchfiwto to clieck Ihcoi aod keep theai lo pUr wbUe tb«
troops arc tmaiag. Id onler to get a good aud soAcleM body of iroops
for tbc purpose. 1 would rccoinnirud a (Intl (Van tbe mlUtIa of all enth
aobllen a-i have been In arrilce bcfbre. and bare tbem IneorporKKd witb
tbc coiitii>rntal and State troop<; orcbe to Ibrni tbetu iuto separate oofpa*
and pick a corps of oOcera tu comnaml thein fVoen amoox tbe tnitttla.
State, or contiocntal troopa as It »ltnll t>e faand tb^ can bv spand. and
an tbey appear »'Qltable to the coniRian<l.

- n'lih iba real of the oiltltta 1 ivould make Bbam attacks along their
UtMS AiuB ToDoaj hill l« our baiti'r>«s. In onler to boU as mncb of the
eoemy^ fttvcs npea tha outllnee aa possible while we get fbotlng wllhio.
Tbv mniiia not to begin their attack* until mc )tltc tbem at^snal by a
rocLrt. and the culnmn not to brgln tu nii>^c aeroM tbe bcacb nutQ the
aiKanev party Are a ruekel, whicli wtll an«n-^r two valuable pnrpaneai K
will SKTxe t» illrecl nur own motlou!*. and make tbc enemy think there are
other principal attacks to comMence. whkb will Imve them In doubt bow
lo dJvMv tWlr flirrca,

"The tniopi pomtml along In finnt of tba Miemy*a llne« wUl anvwrr
••other Tatiinbki purpose. It will prevent llie enemy nn>w Millylag (tf we
aboQld tncei >«Uh a ivpnt»e) ami attemptltig to out off our rvinnL

** Tta« qoactemaatar aboiild have aa many leaino prot tdcd ns wonld take
spall oar bAgsngo. atonM, faanuu, and inorun at one* — which sboold
aoveof Ibr tbe Upiwr vod of the bland llic imMiu-iUMe b<«1& OUT BOtlOM
Ibr tbe atorai. I wotiM rocomuieml the fk^tvpart of tbr olgbt Ibr the

OUR FAEXCH ALLIES.

83

nitrrapt as tlie enemj> would be li»ii upon tlielr guard. If we shoold get
fooiln^C H <rllt giro nn time to ninkc ihti iiecetuiar}' d[»[>oi([tlon« l)eri>re iliejr
can ati«rk ns; And tr we mrct wiLli a ropalsc, liwlll alTurd as an o|»portu-
nlty 10 (Imur off our men with more siA^tjr, u oiirdid]>osltion cannot be
known lu lhcn1;tIJt-

*• ir we were nul Hlluntrd m we ure I could in>l rvcoinineni) ttds attempt
)N.*c«uit« Lbv cbnnc? Is not cqaal; lint our fmrtlculir sKiiallon dviiiKntU
every nttemiit ihnt reason or common Minae can Justify. I ihluk It. there-
fore, worthy your attention. 1 can only mssutl- you. If you )^)ioiilil think
tbe mcjisure eligible, 1 will cheerfully imilerUike nnjr part of llie i-iwru-
tlon. nnd will give ;on ever; posslblv aid In my power to render It ettect-
ual."

Ihh plan General Suilivnn approvtMl. und tliv cniupaij^n
was vigorously continued.

Od the morning of the 29tli the enemy tnsix-hed out oi'
his dt'feneea and offered battle. The oH'er was aeecpled,
■nd then commenced a conflict pronounced l>y Lafayette
"the hest fnii;;ht action of the war." For nearly seven
h<iurH the thunder of cannon and the ceaseless rattle of
musketry told of the energy of the l^ritUh and the determi-
nation of the Americiin!^. Tbo buttle terminated in the
retnmi of the British, with a loss in kilhnl, wounded and
prisoners, of one tliousan<t and twenty-three men. The
Anieni-iin \osa was two liundrod and eleven.* Sullivan was
Icfl in possession of the field, which lie held imtil the next
day, when, learning that Sir Henry Clinton had unived ofl'
Nowjiort with heavy re-enforccments, and tindini; that bo
could not expect support from the Hect of iVKstaing, he
decided, in council, to wilii(h-aw his forces to the main land.
Tliiy he did without mulestution or loss of imy munitions of
war.f

■ M. Tbnwuil, ■ nttim^t nt tin- niilllkrj (kmlljr of l^fayrtii-. hail • I>(wm> klllnl nadrr
htni M>4 1m< hi* riftlit aria. Fur Mi bnirryriMigrvMitrsniiillilDi lltivnuikorUoalrtiHiU'
I'aloM'l, iif brvTci, bdiI a penilan uf Itilny dollu-* n moDlh for IIO.

r (Idirfal Olniff. rlinM- HDcii-ftr* ImhI lirrn Ihamufttil)) Irnltit In (he «uk|ialgn on Ixikg
lituiil, iwu yrMit IwAmt, col!(«tMl buali and lUjirriiilnMlfd IliU opnralloii.— ^awiry.

A*«opllii|t tu « (cnvnil ofdrr liMiird »i Tlivnon by (iciirrnl natlliMi. .Vutpini HI, lh«
WlMlr of IIm- HhiHltr l^lnnd inllltiaKa* itUmiui'il. Ttir trcalar ntni; •■••lt*]in>r<1 nf a*
f<>U<rai: OraptsI I uniair, brIipulB lo Iw nmloiiHl on Tlinrinn tlmr* Oup'lisir of I)«|t-
grti'* rrfiaiiiii lu ^ mallviLMl at Vail Klicr; ih« oilif r li>l( M S\nit'e Vrnj, norili ilile

Ol tW ttirr. llrncnU Vafnum'* liiijta<lr lo titkr piwl ol >lri>)(il and WnriTii. Uni<-ral
(limvr't brigailr and Jaekxtu'i carp* lu lakv pod M rn»idi-un. L'vloDct Cvtntnaailuil

OUR rnEKcn allies.

05

body, Slack, Long, Eben and James Sullivan, (both on the
OeDerat's staff.) Thorndike, Wiidsworlli itnd Millard; Lieu-
tenant-f'olonelri Ilacketf and Colemorc : iliijors Fosdick,
Bvadish, \\'iIson, Huntington, GntHn Greene, Morton,
Lymiin, Phillii>s, Crnfts. IIoldRn, Wani, -Morris, Niles and
TallKit, and tbc officors generally down to subalterns, won
by (lieir bravury deserved pi-ai.se. Four of General Sulli-
van'H Kife Gnaril, viz. : Aaron Man, Lt^vi Hoppini George
Potter and John Wcaf«)tt, reocix-cd promotions for gallant
condnet in I'overing the relreat.

In t]m tmttle Anthony's hill iind a tincket near the Port«-
moiilh eoal mine were special puintH of sevetx: cumage. At
the base of the former, sixty full in one s\Hit beneath a deadly
Hre. Not far distant, thirty Hessians filled a single gnive.

Colonel Cbristophcr (Jrecnc having lieen assigned to the
couiuiuud of n brigade, his regiment, or rather batudiou, for
in nnnibrrs it ainonntcd to nothing more, of colored men,
was led by Major Samuel "Ward, who.«e military experience
had placed him high as an able, energetic officer. The men
were raw recruits of a few weeks standing, and na yot but
iui|>erfuctly ae(|uaintcd with military nile. Kono of tlieni
had ever In-foro l)een under tiro, and few of them had imy
elear idea of the necessity of exact ami prompt oljcdienee to
orders on the Imllle-tield. \Vhile il Is slated by the historian
Arnold that they fought with great bravery, and three times
n)iM>lled the furious cliarges of iho Hessians, it is said lUttt
a report was circulated >n camp that Major VVard was dissat*
tied with iheir conduct, and that he more than once rebuked
them in severe terms for palpable signs of timidity. I do not
propose to harmonize these conflicting statements, though I
find no evidence that Colonel (Jreeuo ever complained of the
condiiet of his men. Thjil a enrnage such as they never lieforc
witnc»srd 9hoid<l, to some extent, hnro unnerved their eoiir-
agCt and have caui^ed iheni to shrink from a dose and bloody
contest with the enemy, i« not Bin-prising. White aolrliei's
have often done no Itcttcr. Discipline and experience make

8fi

RHODE WLASTD IN THE RKVOLCTIOX,

goorl soldiers, and tii the wnr of the Rorolutioa, m hi Uic
late Kfthcllioti, b deserved meod of proiite was often won by
colored men.'

* TIh> m«l l*nitaaga oT AnoU !■: "It wma la rrpriUnf ibrtr taritna oa>H*. tlist Itw
M«l)r »UH blaek mlBMI. wnirr CohiMl U(v«tt«, dk4lD(itkbc4l UtrO hn <Im<1* u( <t««-
pvral* *»Iot. PuMvd IwhUil • Ihkkrt la Uk iftfcr, Ibe? Ihrtc Uawa drarc bwk Ih* IIm-
ilMw wfco »li»fB» J wpaWiWy dow iha tilD todlriodgvtbMni and ao dMcnnttwd wvfv Ihe
■MiBjr ta Ihrw* taoraHlta eharfaa, ibal Iba day allrr iki baiilc Um Uualaa CotmH
■pMi ■rboiB ItiU dutj IwA tIriuJttd, apfillnl to *a«baiicti bit eoBawMl aail go lu
}f par To(k, liviMii* W darvil dm trail hU r*||lwf>nt afala la tmlilr, hal hb Mrn diaalil
•boot hlmfor l»>t<iRra«*«IU»-mMuiaclilow.'*— |//M. it. I., »., f. 438.1 jLtmiM am> a
eanAll aail thoroa^ atiHtrat of rvoanb aad uT vttbal hUliw;, sail aaa dMIaiaUtinl tat
■Muwr. II a-iMld iM u inwruubla idantoB apon him a# aa «MlMr,t» Inilaiatc thai
Ih* fcrajgolai alaltawat waa made arUKNil arhal ba brJInril lo lie aaBdcol nldrncT uf ill
aocffaiaaaa>

JndK* l>trft<-, ttwaklaii i>r Uie UtMP ItalUe anaa, mju. flvla«"mdlllMi"foratithorttr.
"Tbrm II (*»■ ttia* our blark rvftmanl, wHh Ihrlr «irk*d baU. aod hiapk iilnain li|'prd
Willi vkliv. nwnl with i4i<W|CrI bajoaei* a* a *ln£l«- uan, iirloc or thrlev ni*bri<l mi i1>«'
baadMlfbrep of IkllUbaad llcHUaB,akil a*<inradravfl Ulna trom Ihr fround.'— { JTorjta,
p.*»7.1

Urn^ral f^ultltan. In "afln ontm.' bwnad tbs daj' Icllawhii tbe baiilr, alladlox to a rc-
IRMt III rlreulallaa oT dIaaalMlM(loa vMh lb* eaadatt oT tbr tilack (nKi|ia, Myi llial Upfia
lB'|ali7 of llH^ur Ward and other ofltfYn In action irtlb llwiu, *■ llit-rv *•■■ uul thp Iraal
fauMtaihxi ferM-aniiv,' and dial twtiilnkt iIimd -eatliltd to arr^)S*r aharrof tli« honor
of ll« .lay "-^ n, /./Hal. TtmU. Aa tO.pp. 28.94.]

Tlv aitrmpi liiralwlirnbtark baiialiiriwla Bhiidv Inlaixl ira* laailc »t lb« Initanm of
llrMrial Varnum. T* litPDtrIf, <'nlniirM'hrlat(iiilirr lln-rar. l.k'iitriiaiit-f'alaiu-l Ji-rrtulnh
OIbht, aad llajor Aaianri Want wai awlgBpil Itib ^atj. TtiP wqrl oT rvUlnfr oat mta
taon v<ruBi]iIl»lH<il. Tbe renrall* *rm dlvld^l liilo Tour companlrr, MininaD(l*d rp'pcet-
Hatji by Cafilataa Kitrttrtet n»tg, KlUah lx«l*, 11iuiDairi>)t andJahii llrxtrr. Tlir bat-
faJlua miiuImtviI. laduillng urfllccrt, una liaudr«l aiiil (>t|[lily-»t4>n airn, — [Spirit ti/ 'TS,
jFp. ISS'IBB.] Ky a law of tiia Urnrnti AaaFtablr, paMrtl al ihf Ki-hraary tr^tion, 1778,
"atrry Bhti>-lMi<U«1 nrt(ro< ntiiJal<« ar Indlaa inaa riavc," was antburliiil ti> i-ii11>( In Htlirr
■if Ihf (■roballalloiK prap<M«d to lir ralaH." f»H )>astla^ aiii>>lpr bcr-irr '(ilviiH Chrldo.
jittft iim-iH>. Ibcy ii«'r« to b* I nimrd lately dlMliaricvd rrfVm tlir •rrvlM at IbHr iiiailm or
lalilrriMna "and )« abaolutrlj' I'llKK." ft* ibouKli the]' liail iiFiar bt-m pncunibprpd milh any
tlMof •rr'liailcur tlKn-r]r.—\fot.fttr-,t>M.,pp.t/SU,liSf>] I'ruvUlou waaaltoaiatl' Ittr
OOtapriualliijillH'liuanrr*. )D Ih^ "BlMde IsUnd Iliiloriral Trafls." A'n. 10. may br htb
"Aa acr>JUBl <rt Iha Vr|ri> t^laiav Intlitnl Into tUv t'lmdiicalal llaltallon* and Id trlwai
||m7 dial IWliiMB. irlth tirr valudllan at Kach hlaircand Tiolm (lli<-ii. ITTH." Tlir valuation
ranipsi frutn iJNI, ■■ lu llio fOm* vT llultbt (InrilDar, ownnl by NIchnta* iiHnlftr<r, urKxHcr,

Ui £1:0), Ilia turn it wMcb < 'ato (irernn, vwDFd by Hkt ExccUvary WilKam t',t*tRt, of
ITaiaht. «»• mlard. J'riiiiii* llabrork, of Itiiphlailon. I'rIioiK Kliodini. uf fnuialun.
fltUf Kuilniaii, of Sfialli KinxMuau, t'rimii* Itmwn, of Johnaton, Jack Uliilum, uf
nvrptn. I'liotnai LcriTotir. of lirUtol, Wamn Moton, of Wama, yuary ftw^nlny. of
I'mrrldpum. and Ihlriyula nlhi-rr, vrrr >aliii«l at lb« tame ratra. Cato Vrmun. uwui-d by
WUIIani Vvrnon, uf N*«iii>rt, «a« taliiH at Xllil-laek Crrrti*, uf Wantkli. al £0»;
rit'^u-trr (Jnty. of I.IIHp Complon. qi JEIOU; Botion Wllboiir, or Lliili! Comptan, at JCIIC;
frhicp Vaiiflban. <>r Kurtb Klnf;«t«n-ci.iil £11*; and Sigby ThJIkiI, of PrurldrDCP. alllM.
tlanilUun ■■■■ 1« fa»nr of raUfnit k'lM of ni'Kruo* at lh« apiiili, on tin- Rhodi- Iiloud
plan, 111* *!■'<•■ wcrii nBRiinileil by tbc Hder I^nmia, wbo mu rrady to tAkc eommatid of
tilavk fi'ttr* wbi<n' or|[BnlH>il. " If w« liad,"lic arltvi, "l^MV anna foi 1.000 *uc^ black
in4M> ai I c^iiM i-r1t*t In Cnrolliui, I aliuulcl have no ilonU of fucccaa In drltlng the HrltltJi
mU of Virginia, and anhdulii|r t^"' I'lualda before Urn *ai1 of July." Tlial many of tlwr

/

OUR FBENCil AM.1BR.

87

Of Ihis battle and its results, Gcuernl Sullivan thus wrilcs
to Congress from Tiverton umlcr dutc of Au^wt 31 :

" Cpou llie Count J}'E»Uioy^a dndlnit bliQ^elf un<1«r a nDCMftity of^tns
to Boseou to n'|>alr tbc low ho suKtuiiitttl In ilw lute ^»\n of wlml, I thought
11 twfBt to carry od my apiiroaclies with as mnch vigor ub po)«fclbl# against
Newport, that no time riil^^hl be lout In miikliia; the tituck upon ibv rrturti
of hl& (lc«t, or any part of tt, to coopcralc with ti&. I bad »eM cxpressQS

, to lite Count to hUKtcii htA rctnrn, whirh. I had no doubt, wouhl u lesot
bring pari of bLi Boct to us in « few dnys- Our batteries played upon tho

|.«iwmy» worka, far acreral floya, with apparent good sucre».4; u the
enemy** Are Trom the oiitworka vhlliiy kicw weaker, and tlicy b«?gaii to
abandiii) mkim' of those oost uki and. on the S'th, vrc foitud tliey bad ro*
moved their cannou r>om all th** iKitirorks cftcept one."

" The town of Newport Is dcfbndcti by two Jlocs, supported by several
rrdoiiblJ* connccti-d with the lines. The flrst of these lluwi extcnd-t from
a lar^ pund, called K»ton l\iud, near to Tononiy Utll, and then tam«

t>lB(k> or Uhodc IiUnil trlio •»IlM*d tn thi> Rrmjr pnird lo be goad uildlcn, tli«lr RMird*,
M Akr u kiKi<rn, >t)i>w. ,\.ni«iij( tti« tacn tflcvt^ by tuloDcl Itwtati tbr th« caplmr* of
<>«'arnil fn^ieort rnu Jack Sbton. Auatlwr Mark, liuy Watnan. M-rvMl tn iti« up^ltloa
■falDil (Itwr^ln. IThS. Ifhaboil S'nKliupwa* M-nlaf undrr Cnkincl CThrl*toph<rr (incaaa
ai itic ilin<> or hli linwntt«I death nrar llic CrvtCD ilvtr. Hay M, 17«I. tlr «a* uk«a
fprlMMtr aiKlh<:]il fin mure thui Iwii yran. Bclplo Brvwa, orSoulh KinRKlawii, ith ■
[draoimw tn the ctunpany oommaailrJ b> (.'^^platn Jukn llolOrti. Ilv utaa 1u ili« Oswrxo
(vxiwdllloB. CalT runhirr anil Itkluml < oimu wrrc flfin In lUt »aii>«eompanr- Uriilol
RlWilr*. wnMt byJosDpb Itliodri. Br Ciniuion. cnlUhxl In ('ulonrl l'l>ri«tu|>lj)Nr llfrrnc**
battslluii. Ilevs* In tti'PlMiKhtoii Klxolc lilaiid, Auffux ZU, IHIt, ai><l »vn til at th* (li>pi
tiT Torkloa*!!, wlu-n* lir lo«l an unii ami a bf. 'rhmiian llr«wii «af a dnimmer, aod Jam**
Dfiithrap a Bf*r, In ('B|ilalii Kigali Li>nii<'* eamjiuny. tihwrfo riianijiILn aud I'rina- Jltika
w«n dnmaipra, and Uato Brawn lifer. In 4'Bi'ialii Jolm ». Iiviipr*( ounpanr. Cnaar
Sabtn, <Mrn«l, I lliiiik, b; JaiiHi Snbiii. or l*n»'iilninr, «<ilUln] nnd •prvrd niiilrr Coload
(tnmr. Tli* fiiltuwln^r nHlm-viJ fii«-(liiij)i- ro|>}' of l>I* ill*rliarj[i> U an liunotaUc latiiaa-
aW !• hb bniTuiT and Ihlelltr u a •aMkr:

hereof!
imcat of

^v^,at***— -.^^^-•— »^

anil in Cipnin
- ■ Com piny, hiving Tcrinl dunao
-f«*-' ^'"B 'hf T«fn fc which he *M
en^ged, KTwreby di/tW^Kj From the fiid Rcgimeni.
ia which we tcmfy ihai he biih i^trtd u a biire
and ftiihjjil Soldier. CWen H -^^

thi« //^Dtj o<
R*{tftcTcd ia th.

yrScc^vS'^

a thj Bjyki of the Regiment. ^^

^ :. t.. •■ *>. s. i.f urfi. jiiii* o: iv,u(iii)|] H!l. Tnt- hit- y^*.' at-

i,j,.i r •■ i-.*i fi:t'^- li Ukfii' ! Ui a>:>.'iflrt IlU* (^ DJitn tuui :. iitutrttiT

f i.i-. ■■•\.:.t i.i.- .1^'. •-Ai'ititk- Ituii. :u> ^^i ii iiM loprli -lu^ (if tiif
.(«_> ;.!.... ^'.... I.- d 1^ .III';, i«ai;i--fi '.n tic >uu:l.u: llf- T:u:ruii::t Iiy
t^^t. ••■ i<.~.'. -'.^.:r ;.u- iiur ■eruiiiia;^.-' u- \. rviniiin: r'ur'i ■.-iiiuniniidt

Iw' r"'' "■'* •-*' u-'J'"*:' iL-fiUilit' ilt/uii: '.■■•^'.i r\iWr i>l. -lit liLiTII. TlMTt-
^- . ;. j^y f' r'l.ull «•»''».- lU'tCnt^raet lMflMe«l :tn lllic« V UICL TVUiWT

.,^,ff,jd' -■.■.. t . '. uvwfw^ liuuiitC »iii» t ul*.«ruijiV*:i^ vur^iiic via. wtirfa
;•> -«i.. «,- Ts^« mt .' iji.n ■.iw» iiiit (ni'-iiCimw L :ii^:r 'jauiiiti. ;-nii ^iBir
^^•^ fFi.- ...t -■ v-y. '.-juui '.\ m) j;i««: curjirist. -.iif iiit Vitiiai'.Mn*.
wj.^ i^v.-K'Vk- ^<«*«- paf- v? iL'i~ HftKi . iiii':. rV-UTi;;'- tiut. TvuuvvL nir

u-— i^-vJ - .. <i..'..i. ■uvli '.luu. Zuul uT '^» «-li>_-U-> . &^ii«vL T* I &Ii^ liiTtV
U..! ---•»•'. ; v'.vi l^^.'. 1 'ni- (.vv f bt. "J? ;** rl.'.i-I'-'l.I U'jL?>. Ui^ i'lJlvT" weTt

i-j'.ri: ■>! .,v t>-v' '. 1.--VI 'ia*3* <. f';b!i't>lk^'.^fe. kill '.'.I*. L;':'nitf;.>l jh of
v,^ w/.'*. .■( w*. i.f^.si. tflx'. * .'•. « F»r-ri.rj,".'t:afrii; i. rtriitrt :!>t emtj-
#*/^ I .-4.J ..■'•«.• ~^. ^1.1 li.s.i. a.. ttM; li«»vi kr*.i>.l-:« liiKl C^>^iJ b» >(4rMl
f;y.^ .■^.. i.-.,j ...-■/ « ,.»iii- pel '.J »*« ■,<■.»•. ti'iti to stt '.Irf-work* :ii repair

•/^ ■:.•: I.-,.':.. :l.. ;t 'u*; in.oil-]. l-l liifyM Up e'>Ui« a'l'jilioa&l ODe«. Ulll pOt

.;. u-ji^i ••.;.. t ■!.K i.^MAir.t's at '1 tvtrii/^Jii aii'i UrisUiI. M ^rtrare a retrt-at Id

K^jtK -A U^'^.re.tj. IlU Liic »[ti « r(|Uli':ll H&a Cliili::*], ID wllicb it WaS DDIO-

tUtwurfi ■i'.i'.ni.iu'.-i I'l jtrti.'fSt' i«> tit- wtTtli <-ii(l of tbc Island, fortify our
uu*i|/, R>.i.-'>ii.' uta t ifUiit.ijiiiiiiti'iii Miib tlic tualu, and b^ld odf gronotl on
Uit: j«Ui.>i (111 ■••: t:i<iil>] kiiuw wlii'iliL-r ttic f rencli flevL would »ood reton

lit liitC kA.-taldlii-ti.

" tiu lilt. t.vi;iiiiit( lit llic ^litti Hc lunvtrd, with our stores and baggage,
i4liji;ii lid'l tjni lit:isii (irfavltiuvly »riil furwaril. and, about two Id tlie morn-
iti^, Liitiiditiul oil butia' Hill with uur rljflit extendloi; to the west road.
jiiiil lt:ti i<i Uiu cMat riJttdj ilie ritiiikliiK ttud covering patties still farther
tiiiviti'ilB iiii: MMiui, till riiilit and k-n. uiiu ri.-glmcnt was postvd iu a re-
ilijittji iiiltiiiiuil iitt' tliu iltflii tiT lliv llrnl line; Colonel Henry B. Llvlng-
kiifU, Hilii a li^jltl t^»r|iB, tiiiiialalliiy of t'uluuel JurkHon'a detacliment and
u (iLldcLiix 111 liiiiii Hid Hiiii>, nua niallouiil In Hie east road.* Another
lit(iit lAitii.-: iiit>li:r i:»iiiiiiHiiil uf i'ultinel I^urouM, Colonel Fleury. and
U^O'"' ' >ili»>i. Maa jiiiBtud uii Iht^ nest road. Tlu'se corps were posted
iiiuily ti>iA:i: luiliia 111 lYuut : In llie rvur of llii'se was the picket of the

• I >>luutJ il> ui> .Uck>iiu wiM IwTU lu Uoatua la 17««, Ur watTMycmtlNnanlT la hi*
lujuuirr, 11 -ii^J) uUMslivd lu luitiiiu') aiJtlra hihI tuuka pwcuIUr prhle id the ilbdplinc
oMi uajiiiiji .ipt^niiiiuA- ul Ilia tir(|iiii«ul. wbkli MUi»i*trU uT about fuur IiiiihIrO dmb. i>B
tlik luili Ul Vujjuii, WiV, tu', with bii ri^liairiit, Uttt truvltkaw tu Juin thp IViiub»ciM Ex-
(11,'JiLi'jii, ±.i\ iiiuliviJ Uoalwu iu l«i^ly-ftNu buyr*. I'uloocl JMksoii and hb aOnxn wntu
cuiiiiull> ii.iii-.-.ii ti> ttiv gt-uili-uH.-u lit tbc twwu, lAil «ali!n>iBe<l Id defant si*l« at tlw
liuiicii ul '.'idpia iJikviu. Altvr ItH: luiauiKWMitUI icx[iinl]thiii, Culuoel Joi^WQ wilb bid
i>iuiiu.u><l iiluiuLiJ tu fTuviUicuvK, iuhI tbettM juiuvii Waobinitt-ia U MorriMuwa. Hi
■iituit^ JLuiiiciivii lU I£Iim1*: liluutl iuhI HI ;Str)Bgll«til. S. J. Ua dieU in BootgD, Juuiar? 4.
law.

OrR FRENXn AIXIES.

89

■rmjr. comniandptl bj Ooloucl Wado. Thn orifiny bflvluj; recclTCd iiite'lH-
[{eiicv uf <Mtr inoirptiiL-nt , cxtnv wot, »*urlj' in lUi- niornlnjj, with nearly lliclr
hIioIc forcv. In two coliituiis. uilvaaccd tn the two rouds, aiid attacki.il unr
llsbt corpK TI117 mnctc n l>nivc reslHUinoo. ilimI were tiiJt)tiurLeii Tor Mime
time Ity the picket, t nrilPTvcl a rcgltnciit Ia Riiftport Cnlonfl Uvhi|^loii,
Another tn support Citlonel iJiiireiM, oikI. nt the f>nin« iliiio, .sent lliciu
nntcrx tn rvllrr to tbu main army in tlic be^t order they could. They kept
up a rrtrvntitiK lire upon the (-Tittmy, and rWir^. In excHlent order, to the
main jirmjr. Ttw onviiiy udtmirrd on oiir Ivft v«r.r ilciir, but w^' re rv
pnhvil hy Ijcnenil Ulovcr. Then they reflreil to (Quaker Hill- The lleH-
rlnil foliiiiiu foniiud on it ebain of bWU ruindiie iiorlhwunl Tram Quaker
Hill. Onr army was dFAWii up, tlw Hr^t tine In rront of the trorkn on
fintb' Hill; the second In re^r nr
lli« hill; awl ilii> n.'!t«r>'e near n
crrek ntid ni-<irly lintr ix mllv In rcnr
of the flmi Iliiii Tlitf dlbUiiiw be-
twei>n llioM' hllU H abont <>n«- iniltt.
The groand bi-twfcn the lilll-i l>
meaduw-laiid I nLvrNper»>-d with
tnvn and atnall copiie or wood.

TIIK BATTLK.

"Tlir enemy begMii a cjniioniide
apon u» about iiluc lu the mornius,
vrlilcb was returned with duublv
(brcc. Sklrmhblnii coiulniicd tw-
Ivrecn the ndvnncuJ pni-tles unill
near ten o'clock, n'hi.-ii llie eoetnj'x
two »blp« of witr mill nouh- »innll
•rined \essvU bnvlnji unliicd nnr
rl|{l)l flank and bcftnu a lire, the

emiray lient ihclr wholw force tliut vniMJtKt. SATUAWiai. WaI*.

Way. Aifl eiHlcavored to turn our
right nndc-r cover or the ».Mp's Are.

and ^^ take the lulvaiiced rwlouM on the rl^lit. They «cr« twice driven
Irngk In great couAislon ; but a thii^ trial was mode with grcaU'r nniutwni
and wirh more rraolmliiii, wUkh. had It not been for the timely nld wnv
flirwarl. would have suceeeded. A obarp conlesl of nearly an hour
eii»u.tl. In which the cannon from both nrnde", plitcetl on the hllli', played
bri-kly In Mipport of (li.tr own pany. The eneiUT were m I.n«ih routed,
•ml flwi. in great co«ni*i.»u, to Ibe hill where lllcy llr»l (i>rtn*d, and when!
they hud arltllLTy nn<l "oine work* to cover ibeni ; h«*lng their dead and
wounded, in considerable nambent. behind them It was Impos-ilblu to
n-i.-.-ruin the number of dwid on tb« fleld. »• H cnnld not Iw approached
hy either party without belna exposed to the caiiimn of tlw» other army.
Our |iuity rewivered about twenty of their woonded, and look Dearly sixty

IS

OUR FRENCH AIXIBS.

91

If not superior, 1a ourti. Not more limn (inecn handred of my
troopei hart ever bwii in nrtion tn-rorc. 1 pIioiiM Uefore hnvf token posMfi-
alon of tbv hill tii4.>y occiipk-d, and f<in\tivt\ It ; liiil li la no <l«ri-nct> at^ttliiHt
Hii rtMtiiy coiiiUi;^ rmm tti« hoiiIIj piirt of ilit- i»liititl, tli'Migh •■xri.'vdtutjly
good RgaltiBl one udvnnclnif frum ilic nurtik end tuwunlii tlii^ town, and
hiid been foriidcd by the enemy for that purpose.

OOOD OOSDUCT or TUB TROOPS.

** I bare the piMunm to Inform Con^r<>Ji.s Ihnt no tronpH r.nald possibly
iihow noru spirit llinn tbO:«e of oiir^ »hii-h itrrc rntciKi-*!- <'oI<>ncl I.lv-
lUfCvtoii, nml nil t1i« ofllcem of tW li^lit eurpw, lH-tuiv<nl ttlth rcniarksUe
uplrlt. C'<>li>ni-I>i l.atirctiH. Fli'iity, ninl Mnjur Tidhol, nllh tliv oflln^rM of
tluU coriw, bvhuvixl with great galliiiitry. Tlic hrl::iidve of llie flr^t line —

Variiunrs." OIovit's. Oiirm-U's. nnd
Greene's — bdiaved wllh yrent Brm-
iH'ni. MtiJor-OvHTtil tirveiK, who

|^i^_^£3

ciimniBndeil In the attgiclc on the
rltflit.dld 1i!iu»e)rtbe hlKliect honor,
by tbeJudKuiciK and bravery exhibited In the aeiiou. One brifiudi.* only

■ JmnMv 31. V»niitM vm liorii In Dnuiit, Mm*., In Ki*. Up FiXiTtHi tthoitp I*I»h4 Cut*
ksr, ilKiii'vatpil it] Worrm, «n>1 gmdiiitrd wIllLth* hiKhul honuriuf lilkcbiu. i ili< ilrat

Willi •tilcli fhr aiUt-Kr u|irimlj In I7A1I. Fur * >liiiii p<-ri'Hl I>F' Ii(-|i1 > rlaialcal ■rlioot, aild
ihvii Miiilliil Ihw will) oHmt .^niil'l. AIInnii7><>pn*-nJ nf iIjc Culunr. In 1771 !»■ hma
WimltlKl In Till- bar, niiil H-ltli-d nl V'M't I irrciiVrli*li, nltrrr- hi- at once, rnlrtvil ilpnii ail
(?Kt*lk>Kr jirarlkr. Illi r»ri-iiaJi' [HiMPn ipii'i- lilin )['">< |ii|iiilH.Tll)r In liU iirufi-inioo.

11w«r k'tfT <Jl-jilitv*l uii nuiDy utvailond Hlih niarki-<i Firt«i, aual ('ftirclallT in l^\ lo Tbc
OtivbtalMl lii*l »r Tti-Mii(l *■. WifNlvn, uiiilng Tfuin Hiv lallci (a tnitvlirr uf \virporl;
rvAudnji lu novKp tli« (lapcr lUvDPf ImicIi^i«4 Ulm In pajoM'nt fur iiiral purHiMvd bj' lb*

Mr. VarBitiB hat\ a lute Rir mllltarf Illc iinilr«rljr)i>iiip<l llir "KwiiUli Ouarrt'." afoblcli
vnin|iaiif hi- wn* ■|i]>ulii(ct1 Uonintanilt'r In im. ifiMin Hftcr llir funimcncrincnt ttf liualill-
llM wltk Die llnollii-r riiuutry, lir wiu k|>|ii.IiiIi-iI ('(iliiiii'l <if llir flr<t ItlKuk- t'laml rrxl.
intfitl, >iul HibHi|Bi'nllf |iul am llir nmiliu'iiiiil iitalitlaliiiu-ii!. In 1777 W wm mail* n
ltrt|n>ll"'*'l<'U<'r«l, mn* iIHupIiimI io Knl [Iniik, and iviiiiMiiiiMi*! nil I he in>u|i> iiu llii< Jrr-
tuj liilc »r llir IH'lax'U'i-. M'lu-ii I lir Urlti*!! aihI llr-a>lMii* (•t»li Ihiim-uIhii it( i'liliiulrlplil*.
I'ndrr iiiii (tlFi-rilriii Mujur Ttidvrr iiiiili- iW (lallaiil iWi'iiiv i>r Kill MllTlin, fiit 'iilikti (.'an-
fFwM, ItiruuHli n niti.ipjiirhtiiiil'Hi vt tlie rarr, prvtcnim] ■ >»-iir<) ti <'utiiiitl ?<ui[lh, whu
IuhI irlllHixUlii'il llir rriiuiiiRtitl tim ilny t>i-liirr 111*?' >lliu?li. Iii 17r<Ht lilt- (triicrnl wrulc a Irl.
Irf rrhuliiji ntl th* rimiii>ils»i-r« at (III- 'li-rciiT, uriil iliowliix Ihr liOiiillit' itonr lu Mh)»T
TImypr ti* Ih-bIowIhk iipmi ( .ilonri ^^>lth llir Inmorilnf' toliiiii. Uciifrnl Vaniiim ■j-pbI tlie
wlnlCT- villi Waililiif^un al Viilirr I'ur^v. anil tliun^ In ibi' iJUln-Mi-« uf tlul Imiblv •»■■
MM. Ilv 1">ik |«ri In Dir liaiili,- at Jloniu'rulli, -lime -J!>, 177>'. Ill* vHiiiBbl* xn leci anitrr
hiillivKii Ik [tliiHti- IxUnil eiair «]ri-»<lr tn-m iinilrrd. In 177V lir rnlKiinl 111* ruinuihalUB
In Ihr BrBir, niiH In S(ii<,»ri)ic mnii- }t-ar. ill* Ornrnil A>«-i>ibli or KImkIi- lalaoil i-bdm]
bim U^jur-UrnprBl i>r tti* Mate mlttllB. In i:>0 he nat rli«i<>(l a tltlt^lv to Ihc Conft^
rraJnl t.^in^raa. In IT'' bi- wa> acaln cliwliil in llir aaiiir p(ii>illc>a.

AHcr liiir liar, l^conral Varniiin nTiurni<il in IW jirartli^ of Iliv law In EaM (JTPCawlch,
with Inrrrailnf rrpiilalliHi. aiwl iliiirii'iiMl llx- quMllua* of iM|>rr nioai-]. IniLalliin, l^tv., la
Ibi- (luMlr pa[a-r* awl H*ri>lirn-, hKI) jcrml 'Ijcir, wlitdi illiI iiiuirh t-u iiiiiiild |iii|iular ir\Au.
loa. la 17^7 ■>■■ IwmiiM' liit<-m[*<) In Itic ('[wrMlaaa uf l>ip 'ililu Lun'l <.'uni|>an>. and woa
Aawn a 'lirtfiiK-. In iTi^H, havlttit bMii niitMintcil uiip of ilii- Juil^ca uf tlip Suprruir
t^ourtof iIm- Nurtliwvil Tnrttun, >>" '"n Tih Imtnti In Rliuda lalaii-l (or Marii'lla. IIU

9S RHODE ISLAyX> TV THE BEVOLUTfOK.

of tW M<ooad On* w-M broocht to sclfon. connmiideO by Bti)e>dlcr-G«>-
cnl Lon-a. He, »m\ fc(s Mj^c uf mUitia, bch*(cd wttli ffrrAt rvM>lii*
tioB. Caloarl CnM and the odleen) of tbe anillcfT dracrrc the lilshnl
piitM I Incluw Cbagfua « mnrn of ibe UUrrt, wuoiiJetl md nlwlnf
«■ mm «Me : bmI beg le«ir« lo AsMirc tbcm. Unt. fhna ».* own obnrra-
ttos. tke- cArwj^ loM inB>l be inuch int«ler. thir army rKlrvtl to r«mp
■Act tW actioa ; tW cvenij enplojcd tb«a»<4rn>, tfaroa|^ the ni^hl. In

•*b Oe ■■f»M or Ike 90th I Roelt-cd k 1«uer ttom llh EnrilcDrjr

GcMff«l Wk^^tBgloB. flrius me nottoe tint Lunl Howe htnl KSiia r-BDed
wHk the fltvt: and »««lTla{: tiii*-nig«nc». at the same Unc, Uui a flurt
WW iiff Block lolaoil. aotl alto a iKter fW>n Bontoo, lalbrmllis "** ^*'
tka CooM H'Cataing roulil out come tuaul ao mmo b> I eiprclnl. a council
mwt eriM, sad a* tra coald hav« no proupcrt of ayrraUi>s asnl><»i N'«w>
pOTtwIlk vacocas without the asslstaim of a Acet. It was uoantaioittljr
■find CD quit the Uaad anUI the retora of the French Miaadron.t

Tas urniKaT.

'■ To make a rrircat Id tho Aicv of an ewnny, fqwnl, if not noperior, tn
nambcr. and eiont a river, wlthoal lo^m I karw was ao ardooos ta»k, auil
scliloiB aceoapI'vlK'd ir attcnplcil A9 oar i«Btrfe» wen within two has-

lw«tM *H tlw»4w4M^. Mri lar tb« omAm of U* n^aMaa *«iU<»>>wan. «til> »
rtvo «r MsOUag k IW fhaa -lb* ■«(.' bb.* W wyw*4 •> lb* pru afatakr ■.' t,'a Eft-.
TlwOwMldna Amb iW «aMlhn« of « X«« K>|W«1 hnaw m tb»»nio«wiod dn«*<>-
ttWM «r a piBWTTt Ufr «•• too rxirrow hir imm> »i*»Mra hf Aimt. «»a tbr ttmrth of
JalyalWr bl» arrttal m MmMi* bn. bi frq«n4. AMi^wJ ■ briiranilM, irft>4m mtA
" ■w»T hMMtlM bMb la anflMrM Mai lM^a<^~ vkMl «a« rvMiabnl ai Nf« pact, br
•tdlT offb* AnMwn wa afMb flftbr itbla iMia l>M^M}. Hb laxiaUirart «U
•>if«l^atn«ti »lThtb>l»4iuwairannftr«ar'. HvriMtbp*^ frSpwl«,JaMnf7 t^
tHK M ibr vr >« (ixfr ;t«r«. aad <»•• bar«r4 wfib ■■nBf>' b«Mn. ■■ Tillib acMalw aa
^f B|Mtofti ot^tka »«• iMltMT^ t>« tV. S*lww« ttawwwi. ai» Mnn- *» vrimbirt
Mi£ -nuuttPOPfBl ¥■**■■!■*■ abM- «4Mkar,fb«bawa»a|a«b«aata>r(T, Owl be
««> •■ atw»t*l*bwl iiaUiiaan. aol tbai b* wa« a> Ullfcai aa anNe m lb* atfr a* •■»»•
tr| piifci I «. Biv hrl* nCahHAnl bf tmtiwtamf dM <bv^ >M baiv (be tnM af a *imht-'
la Mirir M- b* M.trvil HaRbia, tb« («4Mt AMlbHT art^Marl (iMkL of Wm«ik K. t, «b»
Hn1ralMHllHir<«<|bi}nMn,afi4 A(>rf ■■ lirt>t>>t. miUMiM i.—.^<jhmIh tB.KV.allh*
aivaan^ ipi ttt Hgtitr.<%bi *■•?«.

Tbb afeMra of iM«ml VaniMN bat bvra la part mwihwui B«a l>Ma^ -Ncwoh* af
lb* KbMir Idaa-l IIm.'

ThK twtnit »r (.xnml Vwaniw ami oo raa* M, (oHiri »«« a ilalHaHi lalaiii
na Iron . »• xMiUaiM Wv t»* |MMT*m "««> Hm- mtw. * pKulnMa af artMrf. (toa^h
ll«ir:> Tbatn IVn.tws K.q^ IVnhlMl of ibr X«^ V*Hi TimtMmt la— aaw - .1 .
Pin« ttw kMo or rhr nvnl ftvM «bl)hlb*facni>lat atoww^ayb^ tat pantaa t» ^afc. I
aai la>Mrt«^ l«»a. nMirt**i rf !!««»)■ i; l^rww. M. IV. rf Nm^m*.

IHm Muna ralM^I miihI of IW aM«Mi«blna. a*4 wwiHwi mov w^it^ T»«iM iha
««M> ih«. riMitd. ■**,« itH<Moa4 nnrbtrrt. ft»Kaai*.» m tea4 la r»*»i*rOc». w«r
innwair Rwaantrd, and alnwl tbtw buMlMI fimwAa t4 fMnkr, •• ttai dw mm* cavM
tb»a «anil«. «*r<< >i«lrilv wnW hii um rariiMi**' <i«*wal UaMlk ivaa ir|alitllio. ttr-
"wadrt NO tamlf «r pninAM aat a imall ifaaaiiii .y ntirMgH At laih H^ ab«oi hdt
aiMarpao«w«atbiihaMlU,bat aui n>»tt»«Ur Arr iwa*«.

OCR FRENCH ALLIES.

08

dmt ranis of «Rcli ntlior, 1 knnw It would rwialn cho |{r»«UF4t cnre and
atU-ntlon. To cover my deslKU from ihe «ii«my. I ordered n nqnibcr o(
tcnU lo lie broutflit forwurtl »ii<l pKcliril la »\i!hi of tliv dii'iiiy. niMl
■ImoHl the whole army tr> cciipl'iy thriTiHt-Ues In foriifyiiig ilia rninp. Tito
h«avy liHjf^ec and stun-.t were rnllln:; tinrfe i^nil rms^iiij; itirriDsli Lho (lay ;
nt ilArk till.' tcn^t witc xtriick. nnd ttii> D^lil hfl^iiai^c ntiil 1rot>[M passed
down: ami. before tiveUe o'clock, Ihe main army bad croMsed, with ttie
atorvit and h.-mfCU'-*- '''^ Mnrqidx d«< LaTayvtle arrived a>>uiit i'leveii In
Uic ereidnc IVom Buaton; wliervlie liad be<?n, by reqoef l of tlie ffcneral
offlcen*. to solicit tlie speedy return of tlic fleet. He ivns &en»il>ty niortl-
neil tliiit he woa out of aciliin; and, that lie lulfcht iioL Im: otil uf the way
In coi'v of DL-Llun, he had ridden hi-nce to iloeton In ser^-ii lioiim, and re-
turned In •>tx nnd a linir,— the dlMaiice nearly A«vt:nty miles. He reiiirnnl
In time eiioinjh lo bring off the picliet-i nnd other partica whk'h covered
tlif> retrent of the nripjy, whUh liv did \u ciceliciit order: not a tn&n wu
loft t>cltlnil, nor the sniullest nrtleic lust.

>* 1 hope my conduct throi);;1i tliis expedition may merit the approbation
of Conj^rvsH. Major MorrN. one of my nldn. will have the honor of deliv-
ering this to Vour Excellency. I muit l»e* I«ive in reconimend him U
ConiereNa ax nn offlrer nho, in tb<- hot an well an Mcvrml other iictloiui, baa
iM-hared with great spirit nnd gw>t\ cmidnct : and doiil>t not C'ongrcaa will
tiikc auch nollc« of tjlm n< his Innii iiervlce nnd -ipirlled conduct denenres.

V. a. - The vrtut bus proved how llinely my retreni took place, as one
linndred ^uU uf tlie iiieiiiy'H ^hlpH arrived In Ihe harbor on the morning
after liic retreat. [ fhoiild do thf; hli^hext Injnstkc if 1 uc-^tecieti to men-
tion that Brt^adier-Oeiieral ('orntdl'M IUtlL-ratl;;able indnitry in pn-parhig for
the eipmlltioo. and hix gOini i-onducl llir<HiKh the whiile. merit partlenlai
notice. M^or Talbot, who aa>4i»t*i| In prepnrinR the boata, and aAei^
wardfl acrved In Colonel Lnaren'a cor|>9, deservva great praise."

* Racktpl ComHI na* born In t'rIliMli'. It. 1.. mnS lircmtnr > {"^■"'■■''nl artor Id t)ir in-nFa
uf lltp Krii>tulluu. Ill ITTJ In- "m bij|"iIii1«I l.lrult-nBiiM'oIunH In ("olonH lMiil*l Hlldi'
eoek'fl ti'KliurnI In Uir ''amy ft uliMcrvallun." Ur nru iruuir HttiMltrrt.ii'UfrBl uf Iho
KtM* lnin]M bjr th* lipui-T>l .\ur1nhJ7, •nil <ih<iwi-(l nilttinitr vnngj biiiI ablllrx vrhrivvFr
hi* H-rtln-* Wfrfmllfil Inln rrijuldil'iii. 'Hkiit uhw urvnl iiriitiT lilin rpi.'kt vt lilM a* ■
IMiu "f (oM ■•imiiiiiin •rnv. nml, ili-llbenlr, awl ■ tlii>n>iij(1i ■llM-lpllMarlali. IIU w**ieea
watv uf jtn-at falMi' wtillr Ihi- llrtlbh Iwlil |>a*>n>l'in cif \f«|i<iil ami »f rW I'lniiil, RU
brticail*. uilrraMTvlrroTilim' yramaiid llirvr iiiunlli', wat ill'liaiwlc^ Marcli li>. 17W. I>n
retlrina fVani Ikr anny llr nrnm rlrrtril a nwuilH-r i4 i'tmtrttm. anil In ihiil boOj licM lh»
Impnnanl niHl rv*|>uaill<|f jaialtlMii nf f hair own of lhi> ralllrarr cutnmllm-, ihn aitluoina
dNlli-*«ir«(>lcli<>ni<«hi"ll>rl>arx<il wIlhirnM MMly. ttt iiai*itannfrlFud l»llir«MiM
ufi'duaillon.anil'irai flilcH; liitlruiucnial In r>taU[atiiMg ■ public Jlbnuf In Mi-hoMo. Ilia
doflncyan foxnil lilin cayiiitnl Ix (be ruliJiatlMi uf ia« larm. la lkr« ttc wa* Bwcti r*-
•IpMtad. «mI la ilnttti h« was Oi^pXy l/uaentmi.

i^r?

RHODR ISI.AXD TW THB BEVOLLTIOK.

A SECOND DISAPPOIXTMKNT.

WASIIINGTOS. mtKEXE AS1> CONUKKSS AI'I'BOVE THB RE-
TBEAT. ~I>"E8TAl>*C DISTniBEP. — BESOMTK>N.S OF CON-
rjRESS IS HIS FA VOB.— CONCILIATORY LETTEIW.- ]>'ES-
TAISG-8 LETTEB.— H.\RMOyy RESTORED.- ISCIDEXTS OF
THE WAR.

WTlHE manner in which tins second pxi)c<lilicni tormmatod
^^ was a deeper tlisapiKtiiitiiieut lo maay who had I»een
san^iinc uF its auvccss thnn evea Spcncci's failure. Cea-
(wre was open mouthi-d. Cnticisms, not wnrrante*! liy n
dispnssioniite ivvit-wof cventfi, were loud and <xjndeninntor.v.
Ihit for th*» frtUuro of ii ivell-ilevised campttiorn the com-
ninndcr-iii-chief ctHild not fairly I»e held re«poii»ible. The
elements and niititarv rifi'iimslJim-cs i-iiuld not Iw siihordi-
mited, and wiihOniwal from the ishmd l>oc,ime the di<"tato of
wise generalship. M'ushin^OD bo viewed it, und in words
of commendaliou appixived the act. Congress sunctinncd it
hy a vote of thanks to the Genenil and his anuy for gal-
lantry in the field, and for skill dii^played in the retreat,*

■ 1W mulullaiw, paaanl bj Camfnt. Srfil<-wlirr !), im% wvra k< folliiii :

•* JXwftwt^'Hmt tli> Wtift wJo by li>>of.<ifiwr«l Sullhrno. wllh riM- trnnp* nnif-r U(
inaiMaail ftnii ghnili lili»ft. iTHiiniilint llmiljiinl •rtll eowSBrlT*!, ami tlwi I'oojcnM
lltillltjr apprOTp nf llw raair.

" ItfolttU, lliat ilw iliMk* of OanitrM* bf iflnm ia MMsr-Oencral ^allhwi. and le uw
«!■(•>■ aod rnHi|>* ai>4Fr hU cwMOUnl. Tar ihrir Ibrtltailc mad bnirrjr dt>[]|ayt4 lu llir
•ellimofAapi't »lli, (n wMelt llirf ivprlliil ihr Urillih ftim>« anil maJnlalnnl the OpM.

" AcvijfrdJ, Tlial ( onerr** ha*v k bijili trtiar at llw palTlollc«ai-r1ioiu wadt br lJi«roDr
KaMrrii *i»li-> •iii tlir Ih1*> rX|ipdllloii apiliiKl Ithude lilaud.

" Kftoirtfl, I'hal Hit Kxivllrnt-r I'uatit I'tCiialnK luKh bctiatrd a*a trnvv and wltvofn-
«vr. and itmt lit* llnn-ltriiL'T and llw olAcrr* and aim iiiuler bU cnmnMMd Imt« rrbikTvd
nrry brarilt in thrip Si ale* which thr rlrcunxtanrv* behI aatun- ortha awttea «auhl
■dwll of, awl arc ttiUj pnllrM tv Ihn nvanl* vT thr fVlciKl* of AinrrKa.'*

TIiIrUM rpMiliillon vran ardirril rii hr InuiMalllnl by lh« l*>T>t<lrUJ tollic Arimlrst, lilth
amnruirr* "ituit I'linKivii <>n)>>nalut thr hl)[ltr*t K'lit* of bU Bml aiid aitariiiupur, nwnl-
fMtcd in rrpfali^ lit«1«n(vf, aiMl (■•jitvliillr <» lit) TlrliiHl vllH to I*mI Ibe Iroopt uadf bl*
commaiMl trout Ihifiioo and lo oo4it»mlv ajn^lu*! Khodc Inland." It will be borae In nlod
tlMl lUa oRr amw lou lata l« Iw »f tenrlo*.

OUR FKFNCil ALLIES.

&5

General Greene nUo wrote a very earnest letter to an influ-
entiiit geiitk>miin in I'mviiicnce, vindic-ating the I'xpodifion
as Iinviii» been "prudently eoneerted and honnnil>Iy and
faithfully executed." The retreat "wiis a neeessity growing
out of nnforeitecn enitse^.

"Our numbcrfl," Gr«eiic na/ti, "al the tlinc we left the «ncmy'M llii<-s.
were not inijcli NDpv^rlor to the ({iirr)»oi). W« korw Ibi-y txpcctFtl b rwo-
forreHiGiit hwirly. Hud nny coustdenit)le Torce arrived tin; olghl we
relrwited, lauileii mid iiinrtiliuil out with itic nM i^iirrifon, we tshuuld bare
mot Willi « ilrronc. Tbt' stnnlhicfls of our tiiinibera, the rtlsplrlifd Btato alt
iruops arc In on a reirpal.. t();;ct.h?r with Ihp proh«blllty of iho ffiKrnjr**
having rcreivi.-d n.-«iilV>rciMiK>ntK, 4letcrni1i)c-d tbe ijDncral nut to rink u geii'
■eral uction, when [ii> mb,h Mir« wf no oth(iiitni:e in a parilnl uiie; »uil by
riaktiig n siMHTUl oiiv he cxim^t^d Ihc wliolu at the troupa to certiilu ruin.
" I bXTo seen US iiiucb scnke ulmnnt ns nny iiinti Ui tlic American army,
jiuiU IiavR been In n» many or more aetlon» llinn nny one. I hnoir the
character of oil our |;enerul otQcera an wi-ll as any one; and If I am any
Jodgc ttu> cx[)i-(liilon has been prmkiitly itinl vreU'c«ndnct«(l, nnd I nm
conflilfiil tlicre Is n<»l a Reneral ofUcor. from tbf t'onimander-ln-Cblef lo
theyouiiKMi li) tlic l^clil, ihsi uoiilil li»vv Kune Krenler Umiitbs. ty liaTtt
Siveii euccvss Lu iIil' i-xpvdktlun, thaii GiMiural Sulllvno. lie Ic svn«ib1e.
active, anihttloiis, brave nixl pcrxrvcrliii; In IiIh tamper; ami tliw object
niu aitfflcif^nily Imporiftnt to moke blm despise every cllfltciiUy oppo.ied to
hiA anrrewi, n» (itr as hi* wiw iit librrly to coimidt hlo own n-|)ti tit lion : but
Ibe piibltr Koot) \<i of higher Importsncv Ibati pemonnl glory, and the one
U not u> \jv ({nitlilvd at lliv risk ami v&p«i)Ke of tbe otber.

'* Fvopk from cvnsnltiDft tholr wUlirs mtlier limn tli«lr rvOHon, and by

I Ibrtntnf; u character of the (iplrlt and flrmnesa of Irregular tniops, more

trrom general orders Aoundta^; their pml^e, than nrom any pnrtlcalar kttoif 1-

^Uyt of their conduct, are led to cspcf t more from snch troops than i« in

the potver of Any |«rMMi to i-tTiTt witb them."

Whatever duuhts may luivu i>efn mitred (.-unceniing the
real ohjoct of Spencer's expedition, there can be none in
the minds nf hii^torians in regard to this second expettition
under SnUivaii. It curried on its tiw-o an ohvions desijjn, —
the capture o( the HritisU army at Xewport, or ita expulsion
from tbe iehind. Had it not lieen for the disastrous effect of
the storm niK>n the fleet of D'Kstaing, Iicforc mentioned,
which eiit ofl" neces.i*ary naval tOH>peralion, and loft Xarra-
gansctt and Mount Hope Bays in control of tlie enemy's war

OUR FREyCH ALLIES.

97

ID a geiienil nrdpr ii>Hited after the fleet left tlmt the Admiral
felt to be unjust in their application to hinvself, and which

Ui>B lutijKl ■ (vnlle^MK of }{««pott, dbllnipiUhnl fbr lilrtoricnl rvw-Rrvh >nd Ibr AunlliBr-
tly «llh tlw hblorr oT tha lalBDd durlnjt the K«volutIoD, Ibu* wrllo:

" .\KwronT, April S, IWl,

"XT tncAn Ub. [FKANi'lh) Hl!lN1.PV:— T liaif Just rifrUrd >nur natr (WBlrlnrloknow
IhvlootlUiM oT 1b<> IiouH uirii)>fiil ti; Mr. Hrliilrf during llir Urvuluiluiiarx wiu. Hud nt>n
whkh • tlv<M or ili« bulik' uf the ilrita wiu flven Id udc of itic Tulimico »T ili« Genlle-
nun't Mifiullw. ThM tlrw ran be nbrptnnl oT Ur. Wllllania, Itir filiolaKraphrr.

" llr. UHnk; (itaipli-il llir lioav uf Niulianli'l Kay, brlnrijtliic '" Triiilri cliurvli darinf
rb» K«*«lDM<tnar7 wur. Mib»rc)uriitly he Ihril In « Uoum of lid own. pMt of Wlilflli U
■till •M'cuplfd hy MwUmi- KiiMiiHin lii ('allir-tinn ulirrl. Hir tiii}- tiiiii*r (looil »n the iltr
uf tlw fiutrmiir Klin' Iioiibi-. iiiii* llailiii>iiii>, but wtu taLi<n iluwn liiiiH «liicv.

" In tlic vlrwicUvn in tlir- Majta/iiic tliir AmrriatiiiNllackMlllii Urlti>h 1u llicirciitrt'UFli-
mrlila MI Toni'iiiy tllll, Bl llmilnitcrf Hill, \nu-wt Ballry'i,} biiiI bI (in^ii-eitil roi»l. aliil
IVam ilivir fbrilflfHtlun>i on lloucjmnn'i 11)11.

"Th» i)('« naa EaVrii from llir topof Jlr. rrlii1r)''i> liou»r. Tin- iiniil jtlin a Dortbrnt
and rattMti firn. TIk' acilun twik iilant on tlir {[[-oiiuil In ui-ar nHflhtiorlKxHl tu NrHport.

"Wh«n IlK' Amcrkutvi lubfifjucntly tctrf-atrd tlir llillUli wid- llir auoIlaurK >Mt Tnallf
iMfifttl in tiaitli-ai gimkir llill.nt Turkey lUll, an<l ut Dutln' 11111; bihI llir Amrricani
fniHirinl tnaiirrviir llir tli-l(l on Ituiia' Hill, uid tbD ■UipM NruuDd;lUr Kuj[ll«b ciiMOip-
Injt on (junker lltlt and al Turkry IIIII.

" So mui-b did II riiil In a drawn lialllr, lliat on lb* Hiti*«(]«vnl day,riil.l'aij)tihrM M-nl to
iIm- .Inirtlunn tt kthm li)m liberty (o fmrcti for Iti» drad tN>dy or Iiu Dtiihrw kllM In tti«
balllt. I bato uol M'l-n any ctigTavluf K'*'"f ^ *kt-lcli uf lb* latllc ol t|unkcr Hill ur
BnltV mil."

"1 are ivTT imly yout»,

"D.iViii Kixii,"

Anolhpr rarprnt 4iid IraniL-O a"ii<|iinry of Xrnpart aild*lo llir furrf;iitiig tpniiiimny a4
||Ulv«ra : " In rfttan) to lite fogtrnvrd plate. In ibe lieuildDaa'* HmrBiine. of Die baiilf of

, the lltl-E rradi, * takvn rnnn lllr Urlndlry limiM'.' arhMi sload ihM tlir Jewish Cfioi>-
Omra flirlnighc nga I inonnred un Ihv lup uf a bullil1ii|[ wlilcli ttand* on ili* lamc
Ifpot rormedy oomplpd by tbe llrlnlrr Nian*li>n. but Ilir bi-l|[hl oT tliKlr«'r> obi«aifil tbc
(law. I am >tr«n|t1y of oplnUin, Ui* baltl* r^fintMittvl, In ulii-ii llii> KokIIhIi llirvH op a
tun* Ibrt on lloD«yiiian'>- Hill, from wlilcli. on ill* Wih anil 2>l of July, tlwy cannotMMlrd
lUm Amrriran balttri«-t (llualn] u lilllr aier a milr ulT. A frit dayi briinp, Ibi- Ilrlllili
ItPOup* bunil all tbe Iiui>m<> nliliia iwu mile or N<iii-ori. Tlie itaek of rlilniulp* r>ii tbr
t Wn ofthf pinun: I proiiiinit- arr the rvfrulni uf tltc Mulbone manftoa, dMtro;rd by lire In

17IM. I Ihink in I'UUin'li'^ llir (tibjrrt un mpprr ibr print ba» brcn n-irTM'il."

Mr I>-»friK. Ill l<i* Kir III IVjuk of U>i.> Rnolntlun. prr«rnli a rrduenl rupy »f II>p rliKntr.
Ittf. and inplaliiJ It iliuii r ■■ Ttir lhr«« rmliimw*, lluti*'. Quakrr. and Turkey llUIf. an

MVB oqiltirplrtun', ttielomier vu tlie lefl. III rlopn emernl sith Arnrrknn Iruta; (J-aakrr

IIUlu lb* eenlTiMtii-l lurfM-yllUion thirltbt. ITii- home [n llivfotrKround. on tbc rlxlll.

■Il|[r4 ti> a Mr. Ilrlnalli'y, now iirar llir •tir Of llir n'^Miuni nf Sir A ulbiiiiy.'* Their

irral bltla an- mi Mir imrilirru rad o^ lliv Idanil. After dllljirnl Imiulry aftlif oldmt aud

llio*l liilrll litem pi-rM>ii> limine In Ihrlr Del|tlibi>rli«'d, 1 hnri' fiilli'd ic And ournho lint any

puional ur Iradllluual kiiualrilav of a " Utimllry tiouae" niliialol ihti llial |iart of Ihr

lalilMl; wbDr al Xrw|i»n tMoli • )ioii>i? i*a* nrll knnnn. llnldr*, iht artl*! brlnfl Uriibh,

WMitd nnt be llkrly to raiar Into the AniiTk-aii lines In Ibr uilil*! iif battle rankniotlon, Id

■ a iktiieh looking MMitb. t'alM brtler aililtrd, I mu>l llieTffure ri'iimr In Ibe tritU

'•ooy «r my kanied tMrropundrTil*, accrpllni; ilie ilii-urr vf on* »f Ibeiii,— .lanii-* Kddy

Haoran. Kh)-. — thal"ln*«ifrav)iici)H-aul)feot on<opppt, ttirprtiilluiil)e«nre*en«d"i aul

li«K* llw error.

ts

98

RHODE ISLAND IN TilE RBVOI.UTIOK.

with becoiiiing self-respect he repelled. Gi-eene thmight
them iinnporfiftnn'Iy strong. So did Washington. Both
regretted that they had been uttered, feiirinif Ihej' might
prove seeds of alienation. Greene recommended the modi-
ficnlion of (ho hingiiagc, wliieh w.ns made in a second gen-
erol order.

Greene, for whom D'Estaing cherished a wai-m friendship,
wrote htm » wmciliatory letter, which served to check a
rising asperity, Washington also wrote soothingly to
I^ifiiyeUe, who. like the Admiriil, took excejitions to wliat
seemed tn hini ii rctluctiuri ii|)on lhc> allies and npon the
French nation. lie entreated him to take no exceptions to
unmeuaiiig expressions, uttered jierhups wilhoiil considera-
tion, iind ill tliG fir.*it transport of di&nppointed hope, iind
urged him to afford a heahng hand to tiic wound that uniii-
tentioniilly hnd been made. He likewiitc wrote to D'Ea-
tniug :

" ir llie deppodl i-pgrret Hint the bcsl ronrerlwt fiUcfprlse Bnd brflVO«t
rxvrliniM kIiduIiI hnvr Ikjoii rcnilrrcd rniltKtnsbyH (li«ii»ti.T wFilrh huicinn
pratleiicv was Incapabk' of Torenwlng or iireveolliitf can alleviate disnp-
poluliuciit, yuii iiiny lie ae^uri^il ihiil ibe whulc couUcii'iit f^ymputhixc^ >Y)ih

you Tliu^uah your success has not been equiil lo your cxptc-

ttttlniis, yet you have llie tKitlsfncclon of wtlcctliijf llint you li«Te ivmleretl
esscntlnl services to the common cahm."

Id the Admind's reply to (Jreene, there seems a carefully
meditated yet nhnost imperceptible vein of aarcasm. He

says :

" U Ifl ttom yon and what you arc. Hint U U ilouMl(>i(.H suitnMe and dat^
IcTlng lojud^ or tlic rPKpt-ctAblc And nmjniilc qualities of tlic Arnvrtcnii
gencml ofllctTs whom 1 have not tlie Ijmxti- of kiioivhiK by correspondence
or peraotially, It is with conilnl warmth IhHt I rffmliT hotnnf^v to the truth
In iwsnririg yoii Hint on «vcry occhbIvd I linvt' hnd reUboil to ildmiro thrlr
zeal BUrl lakntB, and to feel persoiml sstlKfat'liotj for their bi-linvlor with
rcjEuril to me; nnd to add to l\v- motive!^ uf duty ihoKe of IncHnaMoii tiiid
nttuctimL'ul wliich I shtiU ahvnyH profess to hartt for ihein. I f^hnll be
enchanted If the nssurnnce and the hoinnge of thv«o srnlimciitoi appuar to
you of nny viiliip."

• •■■•••■•

" I hope that Your Excellency aud your re«pectnbt« colk'n^es will uot

OCK FRENCH ALLIES.

99

dbapprorn my conduct. Tn merit rliiit It Hhanlrl please them will ever be
one of my cloiilres. as WHI as u> prove to yon particiilnrly <ill Eht roiuilder-
Btlon wlilcit I liuvL- for you and tlicin, aud Lhu reaped witU wliicli I have
the tionor of belu};,

" Sir, Vour Kxct!)l«iicy'ii

" Uoitt liunible aad most obedient Rervniit,

^ddH^

With nil parties sober second Ihonglit prevailed, so that
Sullivan wrote to Washington :

"I hav« the plensurc to Inform Vonr Bxrellency, th.it, thongh the first
struggles of pAH-tluu, un <Mi importiiiit n dUnpiioitititirnt, wvr« itCArccljT to
be rentrnhicil, yvt, In n ft-w dnys, .-in It siilMlded, I found nit^nii)t \x» reMtore
lh« former hunnnny between tlie Aiiierlcim aiid Fn-iicli office™ of the
|MPif. Ttic Count D*£sttilii;i iiiitl myrdf mo iu tbe »iitiio frk'DdNhlp as
^finccufure. The reitsoii of the iinitcKt tius been explained lu hliu, und tie
)a DOW pcrfL-ctly siitliiktled. lie hnx offered to come un with IiIh liiiid fbrvcs,
uid do everj-thiiig nhlch I may request of him nud hts troops; but the
step liAs become i]iin<^C(.'s<iiiry.

"The n-iLoon of dntwhifi ttii- pnitvjtt wu Vn\%: Tl»e C'oont liimsclf
wlfthvtl to remain vvltli us, but uiis, by bh vaptalnn, overruled In council.
To have deviated fruni tbi: adrlee of hlx council would have been attended
with 111 ettuseqiicTiceH to lilm, lo case of misfortune. It was ^uppoited Lbat
tbeprotcnt mli;ht,)».stir>- him in titklng the part Af^reeahlc to his own sen*
Hnwais nud ibosc of the cowpcmtlug army."

That T^ifnyettu should hav« withheld hm Bigiitittire from
the protest, ns nh*cjidy mentioned, was nndirul. D'Kstaing
vuji u rvlittioii ittid friend, and, ji« can readily W supposed,
did nut wit^h to place; hiiusolf un record »h cunt-tiring him.
Looking back through the vietai of a t-enttiry, the stixlent of
lievohitionnry history will he strengthened in his belief that
but for the siomi which led to the withdmwiil of the French
fleet to IJohton, the battle on Ithodo l8lan<l would virtually
have terminalcd the War for Indciiendent^. Thia was
Washington'* belief. He writes ;

'• If iliB pirrlaoD of that place, [Xowporl ] eotiwIsHna of nearly »lx
ihoutund men, had been captured, au there was, Id appearance at least, a

100

KHODE IRLAND IS THE BEVOI.ITIOX.

hma^ni U> MK U fmrat of It, It woaM hare j^ivea l^ IliibUa;; blow to
tke BrUibk jiiiIibiiIhiiii of MivcrH^t; orrr tfaU country ; and woalil, I an
priwiJml. bavc htuiiwl tbe departure of tbc uvops io >'ew Tork u ftst
■• tbdr euns aiogt eoald outt Uicni away."

The cont'ictioos of Lafnyctto were in Mcordancc with
diOM expressed by Wmsbinjrton. He said :

" Wtea I agiUD n» Ibe Frea^h a<:«< Kail out of tbe |K»rt tbr the last
liaW;. aaJ abandtMi iltc rapture ot tbe Britl»b army, I ftit tbU to lie tbe
MMrt Utltf <]UappotDtuienl uf all, IW I brlirrt: tbxL tbU capture would
haw pnxland tha aaow daclslvv rcsolt uf spcptlllt tcfminHllnic thv Aioer-
toaa war, as was mbaeqaentlf accniaplMli«^ bv ttit; rapture at Yorkluwo,
bf tbe BBMcssflil cooperation of tbc Frrnch Be«t under Count DcGna*^
■ad*T alBiIUr drcauuCaacey."

" Ift aaawer to mjr loqulrf fur tbe reaana of Ibb) aecooal obstinate Kftual
to roopcrau^ wHti tbrtr aJl'rt. tbo Grorral rrpllml tbat It n-an Maid in tbe
oooncil or oOcers that the* IteM li to be tlii-Ir Itntt dutj- as uaral oom-
BaDdtfB to sustain th« saperioritj- of ibc Fn-och devt oil the oceaa, to
eaeapc belnjc abut ap lo port, uhI 8UbJ«:ted to dcKtrocikin by Ore »blpa
wblint at sncbor la tbeir dhablrd coulitlun. TbU all important object
could only be aceompllabed bj ldalt><; no time In sailing fbr Bo^loti, before
tbe fvtarn uf tbe Britlah di-«t, to wblcb port llie; bad been onhnvd to go
ftir repairs In case uf oecesnUy."*

INCIDENTS OF THE WAR.

Diiring^ tlie time that the Uritish uct-iipieil Ihe i»lHuJ many
incideni^v amusing «mi serious, owiirml. The farmers were
wilijeclpd to great triaU l\v nniU nj»on their crop;* and i-attle,
and by ubiisivc tieatmeiit ut' thi'lr Inniilics. Vet iJii-y wer«
faithful to the oiude of freedom, iind M-ith ^at i-ircum9pe<y
tion erndcd the sUKpici(nK>i watdiin^ of the enemy, and used
their upimrtiinities to oomiuiinieiUc imimrlnnt infommtion to
the Aoierieaii Hiiuy ^tatiuned ut Tivction and Little Cuiu|>-
ton. Among these vens Ituxav Hiirker, a farmer in Middle-

• (Vanoaltoa with lloa. ZMbvUh Atlrn. Vr. Ailpn sMl CalitMl f^htafta Bowen

WVn i(lpO<nU'<l ^]r lh« l«W« eo«IH4l »( Vf>i Mniiiw s nHiiiitliir*- la n»*I I'lRnpnl tjilk7«tW
at Ptilaarlil, Ciiab., ■ml MeoM hitti tti Kke^t ItUsil, wIifu na hU lour Uirmif h IIh- MsIm
la MM. Tfavmnri-rattlloa bMwquMvd louk ptatv In ihr (arrli^ wMh ua ib» Juntarj.
It mm eaifcoaiMl la a paiwr read Mt*n lh» ntiwk Itlaad IIMaftcaJ Bwkiy la IMI.

OVm FRKSCH ALLIES.

town, living about llirec iiiifvii from Nt:W{)ort, and near wbuee
farm a ropment of the army was stationed.

*' He nu K wariii'liL-arlud * Utiorty tniD,' yet cool and deliberate In bin
conduct. uikI Hhrrtrd when iitrcs'iary. Not ■ griMit dieiniice from bla
lH>u<ie wns nil cminonc^ or rl*t»^ ground, over whlcli ran n Httiiie wnll ; on
ttie top of Ihi' lilll wiu a act of bant, for n cart ))Di>sage from one firld Into
nnoLbcr. ai)d iiuir llwin n iiUik« aiul crolch. A Coloucl of a n-glnicnt of
lli« eii«ni]r'» cavalry, qaarteiX'd at bis hou^v, and l»iuc by hln pretended
b/rgtmt auJ by UU llliW alU;ii.tlon9 In sup^ilyliiB bts table wiih poultry uikI
ulber cholc« Ihliiiir^, so liijicrallattil biin»fir Into tlitr jjood cmcvs of the
CnluDcl. that ho repoMcl Ihv grmtcfit conlldptinr Iti Mm, uiid would at any
time j^re him a 'pa.'M' to poaiiywlK-n-on Ihc Inland, and woiiUloflvn urjie
liim to firt all the liirurinntloii he could fruin tbo ' tvIkI mm]!.' Aa nil^ht
Ih> r3Cp«-cie(l, Unac »»vd tills liberty with tbc creaievt caiitiim nnil pru*
deuce, lie found out a wiiy of e^^tiibUiiibhis a corrc:«iK' tide nee vrUh a
Llviilt-tmut Cluipln, of Cnbuiel Shorbunru ri>Kli»ctit,fllatlouvd nearly nppo-
tilUt his farm. In Liulc Compton; wlUi a common spy'^loNA t'hapln could
dlKtlncily discover the -ban, the ttahc. and crotch.' and iluiK: wall on tbo
hill. WliL'U Barker itiovrd Utc »Uke hi a cvrLihi dlrecUon. It bad a algnllt-
caut ineanbift; and w ben be inuv^ the crciUb and Btikke, It had nnotUcr
— every move had a tllstliicl nteaiilns- Bnrlier lold ns llierv were a« many
a* a (loxtrn dllTcrviit chansce)). nil of wblcli hail lln-lr nicaitlni;. Not over a
mllv from thbi wti3 * North I'olnt.' ruuulu;j out nouic dUUince towards tfae
eastern t>hure, iiml t>tar the eix) of Ihc point was n lodge (if rocks, and iti
them a certjiin hole or crevke, — thU hole wat^ the ' pout olllcu,' where l^^aac
woald KO III the evcnltiK a'td deposit a Icttt-r, and then nunid the next day
coniinanlrate hy tehijruph the nu:t, no thnt In notnefavomblv ni;;ht It could
be tent for; but the itrcateAl caution wa« uece»iiary on such occnslona, oa a
snard woa always kept near the shun-. Isiuicaald ibnt be came very near
bcluscuuxht one nliihl. returning from the 'past afllcei' be was over-
taken hy two Dpht hiir»omcn. and a ' piuts ' or ' ooanternttnt ' ""Os demanded.
It so liAppcned he had neither; he miuiajfcd however lo jcet them to re-
turn with him to Ui» liouDe Inaleiul of tanking lilm a prisoner; on tlirlr
arrival he made up a wtory to the Colonel, who onlern-d liitn to be rt-leaacd.
Rut llierv was one time when he had gnai difficulty to retain hi" mir.po*.
he»sian. ThcCuluiicI waa one day at dinner when he called Barker to come
Into llio room; ' Barker,' said he, * ttiere la a traitor or spy anions u» —
tht-re 1» no mistake — tiot a »lnju;le Uilng transptren on this Island bat tlw
rebeb know all about It almost as soon as wc ounti-lves. This traitor
muRt br found out. Let nie but ttee him, auU 11m raacal tthall soon go Into
•lenilty.' ■' •

Tbis (lecltiralioD broiigbt llie umtturvery vlosoly borne, but

• •■Sptrlto* Tt."

102

BHOPE ISLASD IN TITE REVOLUTION.

Barker, suppressing all outward signs of agitiiion, responded
in stning ltingua<;c that " tlie tniitor ought lu he hung." uiiU
promised to help search him out. "AAer this ho wiia more
of u tort/ than ever."

The late Soth Anthony, in a letter to the Hon. llenjiunin
Cowcll, 3ays that during the battle of August SUth, some
He8«tans ciitoi-ed hia fwlher's house, and phiiidered every-
thing they could. "They took my father's silver knee
buckles; I saw one of them take hold of my father and
demand his money and threatened his life, hut he did not
gel it. My father had about two thunsjind dollars in gold
and silver, but he hud taken the precaution to bury it under
an old stone wall. The Hessians also seaivhed my mother's
pocket, turned it inside out, but there was no money in it."
Other families were invaded, and individuals mal-lreated.
Captain Burrington Anthony, who commanded a company in
Portsmouth at the time of the invasion of the island of
Khode U1und, was taken pristinc-r and confined in prison for
more than a year at Newport. He was repeatedly ollerod a
release from prison if he would take the oath of allegiance,
but he pei*emptorily rufused.

" When tka Count D'Eataliig's flvia appiraivd near llie Brillah battariss
til IKe tiurlior of llhoJr lnlaiKl a Kcvrra caiiiii)nfiil<> whh rotiunciircil, Had
iev«nil shot pASflrd thruuch the liousrs In town and occaslomod ^i-eat con-
iiIvrtMtlou ninnug the iiihnbitAnU. A shot passcril Lhroii<;ti the ilanr or
Mrw. Ma-ton'it Hoiiso. Just above the Boor, Thi- riiitiily ntre tiliirnii-ii, not
knotvhig wlurn^ to f1«- fur saTi-ly. A nrgni nnu rmi ami »nt himtcirilown
very compo»oJly, wHh hi* f>iick ognlu^it the flhiit-h<it<f In the door, and
btlag AskvJ hy youne Mr. Mason why hi? clio«e thai. olUiutiuri, be rcplktt,
• MusB, you uc'vvr know two bulltrt go lu oac pUcv. ' " *

"IlKinutiAHTKiiH, Itironr. lHt.A\'li, Aiigii.''t in, 1778.
" Stolen, 01- ukcn through inbLsbo, y(.'atLT<tHy, rrnm Mr. 1'lionia.H Itrown-
lug'*, a i'ortmnnteaa belonging to Miijor .Iifn-inlAh lllll. Coiunits-^nry of
Prlaonci'it, canuinli>|; R shIrtR, :< pr. citoclcingft, L* Mocks, 3 waiatconu, 1 pr.
brusbim. 1 |>r- t-bucs, 1 pr. silver »1i(k.- buckW. Whu«v«r him koI shIiI
Porimaiitvnii itiitl clothing, knd will return tbciu to thu ownvr, bIiuII b«
gencrouMp icwnnlcd, ami no quc!it[o[ia aHkecl."

* lliBt'eticr.

OCn FRENCH AU.1ES.

103

INCIDENl-S or AUOrST 28TH AN1> B9TII.

Colonel John Truinhiill, who, as mentioned on \)agc 107,
»en'ed on lJbo<JL> litlmid as vuIudU'CI' aid to GeiicrnI Stilli-
Tan, has k-fl in Ms "Reminiscences of his own Times," a
griTiphie account of his personal experiences on the menio-
l-uble 2^lh niid 2*Jth dnys of AtigUbt, 177tj. He ssyn:

" Soon after dnybrcftk the next morning, ttie irar-jrnftrd, eoininandcd by
lliAt rxcdl«nt nllloer, Cnlntii-I \Vi;{;;t(-iiunrtli. wna nlliK-kc^l on Quaker,
oChei-wJMa calk-d Windmill Hill; Aitii Oeiifrnl ^iillivnii, tvlstilng to avoid a
KCrloaa tclion oii tbat irround, sent inc ivlth ordcrx to tlie voiiinmiidlDi;
ufflrvr lo wlthdniir tbe guard. In perrDmdii;^ lldftduiyl liad (u moimt
thv hill hj- fl lii-OAd. itntootb rond, more thnn a mile In ]on;;rii rmiii tlic Ibot
lo llie Bnoiinll, where wrw the seem; of conflict, widch, tliuiigli nn ensy
ascent, wru yet too Mtrr^p Tor n trot or a ctillnp. It won nceesftory to ride
At a M»artly puce. Tor I iiaw befbre ine » li«rd day'* work fbr my borsc,
nnd WM unwtillus to thlleae Itlin.

"NollduKcan be wortf Irylntf to llic nerves, tlian to adrance drtibor-
Rtety and nlonv Into dunijcr. At llrst. I saw a round shut or two drop near
me, and paan bouiidlos on. 1 met poor CoIodgI Toui^ard. who bad Jnat
lottt one nnn. blown off by the dincliarge of it field plofe, Ibr the posses-
ston of wlilrh there waa an Ard<>ut xtnig^de. He was led off by a small
party. .Soon nflvr, I uw Optaln Wnlker. of H. Jarkiiun> resiiuent, who
hnd received a musket Imll lliroutib his body, mounted liehlnd a pcpKin on
horsetmck. He bid me a mi'lflrichoty hretvi'l), nnd died before nlglit.
XexUKrupe shot began to Hprlnklc around me, and soon after mu«kct balls
foil tn my path like hutLitunen. This wnn not to be borne. I spurred ou
my horse to the summit of the hill, and found myi^elr In the midn of the
neU-e. ' [loii'l ^ay a worti, Trninbull,' cried the ^Uant commniidcr, 'I
know your ermnd, Init dontxpenk; Kre will beat them In a moment. "^
"Colonel WIgsIesworth, do yon »!.■« thoite Iroops croaolng otili<|nely firnm
the we«t road towards your rem?* — 'Yes they are A mericanB, coming to
our support.' — 'No. sir. tboso arc OeminuH; mark, ibclr dre^ l* blue
ami yf/iw, not bntT; tl»ey are moving to full Into your rear, and Intercept
yonr retreat, tietire Instantly — don't lose a moment, oryoo tvlll be cnt
off.' The gallant man obeyed, reluctantly, and withdrew the goard In fine
Htyle, slowly, but Kafi-Iy.

■'As I rt^dc back to the main body on Butts' UllI, I A-ll In with a party of
soldiers bearlac n woaoded offloer on a litter, whom I fbond to be my
Itlend II. Sherbunie, brother of Mrs. Jobn Lnngdon, uf PorU<moatb, New
EUmpfthtrc, a fbllow volnntecr. They were rnrrylng him lo tbe surgeons
In tbe rear, to have hit leg amputated. Ilo Itnd Just been woanded by a
nuidomball, wbUcalltlog atbreakflut. Tblswaa a soiUC« Of tasllnc mo^

104

RTIODK I8LAKD IN THE REVOl.UTtON.

Uflcatlon, US be told me xncrwnnis— 'If this hud boppriiMl to mc In
the Arid. In ntllve duly, the losn of * ie^ R)t;r|it be home, biit la be cnn>
demtled iliniiiyh iiU fkittiTv life to HMy 1 |o«l itiy h-g uii[t<::r th« brrskfiist
inblf, Ih too tNid.' Mr. RaTua Kins was acting itiat day sn a voluotcvr lid
(le crnnp to Getiirnl Glover, wliuiw qtiiiriepis were In « liuuM nt the ftwl
ant) I' as t of Quaker Hit), dlmiint from the contcHti^d pnMtlnnof thr rear
jrtiiml 1 Inii!; mile. The genera] and thc> ofllrfrrA who cnmpn.'M'd hin rnmllr
WifTf •tfAiciI ni l>rcak rtiflt, their horiit:K Attiiidiiig Middled at Llie door. The
Rrlrig on the iielfililli oT (be hill lipenniu bcavj aud iuctimaiit, whco the
Genera] dlrretcil .Ur. Kliift tn inuiinl, Htid m-M ivbnl and wlierct llw flrlDK
was, H» quitted the lahle, Sborbiirne took Mb chair, and was hardlj-
araled, when n xpeiit cannon hull from ihc inrcut.- of action boauded in at
tliG open wltnluw, fdl upon the floor, roltud to \u dMtniiitlon. the anktc of
Sherburne, and crushed alt the Ikone* of his fool. Rurrly thi-'n^ Is a prrivi-
dencc nhkb eontrolH thi- crenla of Imiriafl life, and which withdrew Mr,
King ftnm lhi« tnixfortune.

" Soon slti^r this, na I waa carrying nn tmportjiDl order, the wind, which
had rts«n vrtth tlie aun, blew off my hat. It ntift not a lime to ditiinoant
for a hnt. I tlivrvforc tied a whtt« handl>crcbicr round my head, and as I
did not recover my hat nnlll evcninK, I formed, the rest of the day, the
raoRl cnnnplcuoim mark lliiit wan ever i*cen on the flcCd — monnted on n
tinperh bay horae, la a Kumnii-r drcs<i of nankeen — with this head droM,
daty led me to every point where dnut;:er wa* t<i he foiiiid, «Tid I t^enped
wlllioot the olifcbtetit iiynrj-. It becunicK inc lo eny tvith the Teidmi^t, ' I
tlinnk thee. O thou Most Illeh, for tliou hast coveretl my hvad In the day
of hallle.* For never wk» aid du cunip expoH-d to niurc danger than 1 wnn
durinK "lai entire day, n^im daylight to duhk*

"Thfldny wa.4 pa^Hed In .iklrmUliliig, and townrds evening a body of
the enemy (UcnniiiiB) had pushed our rlfiht win;;, and advanced so (Hr as
to eiidauftci' thi-ni!>i-lvt^K. I ivsh unlcrtHl U* taki- Uvncnil I^vcM'a brl^iidi^
of Mn)isachii<>vlt« nillltla. and aid In rcpnialni; them : this brlBade was vvry
mtich weakened by Ihc withdrawal of many ofltcers and men. In conse
<tuencu of the army haviiii; inivn left by the French licet. For ihia reiwon
I dreir up llie bri^ndc In tine, tinil dlsrcgiirdlng their otigtn&l dlittinctinn
of reglmenU and conipniileit, lold them off Into trn dhiiiioni'; awtlgned
tlieir alllreni amouK tlimi, wheeled them off into column, and vdvaneed
townrdii the scene of action, luleudlnR to pass beyond the enumy'^
flunk, and to aiiack h1» rear. As ne ndtiinced, the nuife of the condtcl
accmcd to retire, until wc approached a ^mull wood aklrtlnj; tlic open
Aclda, which lay In the direction of onr march. This wood was occupied

•"A» •mill Ni rill- ri>F III} •llp.niTr-n-'l yoii. niiil |iroNit<l* lURprrllaiE yiiiir '>IiJm-I. thi-x
epeued ■ trv upon y<M Trom <lx or kttimi pic«r« "t iliHr cnnihoni an4 I, nnd ntbm «n)iui<d
mr. irtT« rfcrir liitlHiil luokinf Id hp vuii Ml. u U wriBMl Id)|iouIIiIp IhnI jau nhutilil
nrapp. On four nium from llil* ■□»( wlnitiiimu* rxplall, Oeni'nl nnilivnii aalil, * f uur
vuapr hw Ixvo moat veanAttfUV—flatfrttt JUatUmm, wAa t»at prtttMt tU ikt hattU, to
i'oUmtl J. JVnminlL

OVn PKBNCH ALLIES.

105

bjr ft pnrtr of the enoiny, whom It concealed fh}iii onr vlevr. while th« (Ire
nhlcti iliry opeiu>fl n(Hin nx im we mlvinced, marknil thHr pOHltioo. Ait
WHS cntnnioii, the; flrcd too tii^h, and tlurlr shot piLisod over oar beiidd,
doing nu liini). In fnitiV «r the wood, at the dhitauce of thirty or forlj
fiirds, ran t fttroti^ Alniie rtmrc, «uch an arc uimmoii In KhoOe lalatid.
GMiernlly, on i«m.'h nn occiixhut, ttii» Tvnce would have hwn iiiiidi' Ufe of
OH n hrcAKtwnrk to priHeiCt us from llie ent-my's Art; bnt n» my incn bad
hIthvrU) kept ihi-lr cjnlcr purrticily. and seomcd to be In nu deur«e dlwoii-
ei>rt«Ml hy Ihu sound of ibu hulln which nhUlled ovit thrir he'Jdii, (pcr-
hlips Ihry did lint tindcrHlnnd It,) 1 bccanin elated nllh the hope of doing
nniii'elliin^ tinroititniui mid therefore detrrnilm-d iml Co iniikc ii»c of thiti
Wnll f'lr ili-fciicc, but to Attack. For thlit piir|>OAC It wtut Dt-'remtary to
n-iiiove Nucli an u'wlnrle, tin- In iilt«nipt)n>; to c.'llmh<>vi.T It hM order would
Inrnllilily be lo^t. I therefore moved on until thcft-ont ilivl»lun of the col-
UHiD wii.i wlthtn ten yiird.'* of the wnll. mid then guvp ihu word of com-
mniid A-i iron pni-nde— * Column, hide — leadlii); divUlon. ground your
Rrmx— Alt'p forwiinl, conirude*, and levtl this fi^iict — li .tlandA in our
way — quick, ijuif-k * Tht; «>rdct nat ohi-ywt wSlli precUlou; the r»-ncc
wiw K-vellml lu mt histaut. sod wv resumed onr forward march without
harln;; « msti hurt. Kruui thai niuJiii-ut ihi- llrhiK from the wood laised.
nnd wi> could rind no mi'iiiy; Ihi'j- hml already bci-n viitjrLiit(.-d with, and
uronuatched hy other tmopit, liefore we npproaciied. and when they imiw
our i-<iol nuntKUvre, they probatily mistook M for veterans coming to the
rescue, and prodeiitly withdrew.*

"SlIII r hoped to lie iiblL* Ut Htrlke nn liEipnrtnnt blow, and nniuesteil
Qenend Loticll to Incline hW mnrth to the riji^ht, (by which mr^fiiiH his
movirnx^nt would l»e scrt-ctied frwrn the view of the wnt-my by the ftirrn of
the si^oiid,) to nioie alun ly ind enrc^Ily ; and to kvop the tuen to^eiber
in Ihclractuiil order I rode fnrwHnl to reconnoitre imd aHeerlaln the
p04iUlo» of tlie enemy. Ad I rose Ihe vreM nf llie hill I miw the (tcrmnn
troup>4 who had Jnst tieen repulned, In evident dliorder, eiidenvoring to
reform their line, hiil fiiltgiied, disconcerted, nnd vacillating;. I thought
It A fthirioiix HMiuunt, and hnrrtt-d buck to my brave cidnnin, with the
tnlcutinn of hrndiug it. (luirliT cover of the ground,) Into the rear of the
enemy's (lank. Jtidse of my vexailon, when I Aiund my men. nut In rlow
inoilou and uoud order, as I hnd ULrecl^id, but tudtwl behind umKhcr
litroiis fL'ncv, dhpcrtiMl. without the tihndow of order, their uruiH f;riiundr-i1
or imnlng against the fi-ncc, exulting in their good cnndnot and success
lu hat lug uude the euomy run. I wa« cruelly disappuinlcd; hut aa the

■•'Krvbijc llw<>r>li-r niiil rniiMIt; uT llil* inrnTmrnl, (M-M-ral tiullltsn rxrUltnnl, 'llial
mitrfmi'dt wihiIiI i|o tiatuir to lli« ubttrtt rr^inpnl ur ilir iirnir.* *11ie ea^aiy rii|tHKi>il wllli
Ciititnrl (in-«ni-.iicrn-i*iiif; llilHbolilaiiil atitwrMnilsibinriiri'. laHlanU; ri'lr^airU, ■•iilthiw
pMBpnt ■ oirtiirv. Yoiu prrH-n ulluji In rull of llirtr mail dariiif riilrriirlM-*. (he n-frrt
fo 1'niiiitiull'< lirmritiK unldn iw <jiiakcr lllll, aJx), | 1 liairr ctrr (Oatiili-r*^ Iflile ■hurl of ■
OilfSi'lr, Bad S MOal Tvniarfcnlilr Inlrrixnlilifii of rruiitlt-iMv Kir junr *»trly."'—nefavt
ituUotm lu Cvionti J. Ttumtall.

li

106

KIIOUE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

success of the blow wh)<:h 1 tind meditated depended ratirol; upon rapli]-
Jty of nHivomctit, ami muoli lime would he waaied Iwfort we could recover
our orlglnnl onler, adiI ho jiro^nrfd Ui I1)nvl^. I unve up laj projeclcd
attack. niiiJ rt-tiinicd to make m,v report to my ^^tict'cd.

■■ The iitxt lI;ij- ilie nniiy kepi Iht^lr {{i^>oiid oh HiiIL'.' Hill, collei-lcd oiir
n'ouiiilLiI, burled the itcuul, oiid whilu we niHdu n ahuw tit IiitL>mlliiK to
iiiniiilMln our pnalOon, were reiilly hiii^y In prrpRrhig for a ix-trenl. which
woe effft'leil iliirlng the fnllowluii nlyhi, across Ilowliind'i* Feriy lo Tiver-
ton, witbuui vhu liisn of a luiiii, or of thu ttiitDllOGt arlii'k »f stores. "

FINAL UKNKItAL OHKKKS.

Thfi Inst two (_if iipiiit <)r<U'r^ issucil Uy <.iei»*n»I .Snllivnn
prior to the retreat were dated respectively August 28th
anil 3(llh. They were as follows :

'* llraugrAUiKicH. Hiiodk Islamv Au^i^t 38, \776.
. . . . " Tbu )lo»!loii Iiidepcitdi'iil Coiiipniiy. couiiiiiiiMed >>y C'oloEiel
HIchhoni. hnvlnu rciiialnad on lite Krnoiid much Intijicr Limii vta^ vxpevteil
tht'y wonlil he iimlf r a necei^sity of tloliitr, and tlieir prisalt? hiisiiiuNs d«-
mandiiii; tlit'lr rettirn homi^, the UeiieMJ dUmls^M them with hU thanks
for thvir suKlk-rly co idiict mid fulthful Service*."

"HKAixjrAitrKiis, RriwpK l»i.Axt», AujjnstSU, 1778.
....'• With Ineipi^nsible BatlsfHction the CoinmiinHh>r-liv Chief
views llie herolt: forlltude mid ItniiiKr--^ of Iiis nrriiy In the nction of yes-
terday, ile inobl ulnccrcly thnnks MsJor-GL-uoral GrveiK;, Ihn Drltfndlci^
GenefiilK mill ('uminRinlniilii of tlic flrHt tine, with the brave nnicers and
soldlf^rit under tlitlr eotninniid iind lirlgmlk-r-Uenernl Lovell.of itie second
line, with his brave offlcen) nnd noldiers for tbelr intrepid ley, which tht?
showed in repeiiLwlly repuNlii;; the enemy, nnd ntmlty drivlti;; them ftom
th« llrld of nrtlon. Colonel K. B. Livlnprnton find Coloiu-l I^wrettrt;, with
llie oftlcern and noldlers of tlielr reHpecllve corpK, nrv i^iitlllcd to tbo Gen-
eral's warirje>l tliuukf. Colonel Crune iind ihv ullKvrs iiiid iDvii of iht
corps of nrlilkry iiiulcr lib voinmnnd, truly merit the- npplaui'e and ibaokl
of llie (lOiirnLl and idl the onicer-s or the nrniy, f'lr llui K^ai support
nfl'ordnl to the troops by ilie well served nnd directed fire of the nrrlllery.
Tho>e who wete not cotifcroL-d In artlun, the CJeni-ral liii» the sallsraction
of Hay t UK thul Iheir ardor forae.llon iiii'med to e(|uiil thoHt' bnivc men who
Bttncked, and In hh opinion, nothing hot want of opportunity prevented
thuir giving t-he most Ample proof of their valor nnd driiiucsii. Th<; Oea-
eml coi);;ratuluU'ii the army upon the victor}- obtnlued, luid dln^etH that
the brnvi; uilicers who nobly fell In anion, b^ Inierrcil with nil tlic honor*
of war. The Commlssnry [« apply in Dr. TiUotson for direoilonfl where
to send on inuiCon ami other iiecL>»iaric» for the use of tlic wouiulcd offl-
cers and soldier*. The Gc-oeml expecLs that tbone who have charge of
llivin will not Kuffi-r Ihttin to wwtit for any coiiiforla of lltv wbkli eau be
obtained Ibr uny price " , , . .

OUR FRENCH AI-LIE8. 107

THE LINE OF RETREAT.

|l:^X what line did the Jiriny I'DtrcHty CaptJiin Frederick
von Malsbm'jr, :v Iles-siun officer, says it crossed the
strait [Bristol Ferry] "and encamped on the other side of
Bristol." (Jcnenil Pigot reports that the army in the night
of the ;il)tli, " rcti-cjited over Bristol and Ilowhuid's Ferry."
That some of the heavy stores deposited at the north end of
the island may have been tninsported acmss Bristol Ferry,
and that the men employed in the labor were "encamped
beyoml Bristol, "is p()ssil>le. But that the main armj- retreated
over Ilowhuid's Ferry, covered by the guns of the fort on
Tiverton Heights, is beyond question. The flat boats to bo
used ibr ferrying were, by general orders, concentrated there,
to be in icadiuess for use when needed; and Augnst 27th,
Captain Flagg, commander of the ibidem volunteei-s, with
his ccmipany, was detached to take charge of them at that
place, August ;iOth, (Joloriel Thomas Seers, Majcu' Kogers,
and Maj<M' Iliih'r, of Colonel Wadsworth's iTgiment, were
detailed "to repair to Ilowland's Ferry, and assist Captain
Flagg iu the department of the boats."' *

Colonel flohn Trumliull, who served as a volunteer aid to
Gencnd Sullivan, in t!fe battle ()f August 2!(th, and per-
formcil the pju-t of a Iniivc and cffieient officer, siiya explic-
itly, that the retreat was across Howland's Ferry. As ho
aceonii)auied the army his authority may be i-eceived as
valid. On the map printed on page 108 and e.xplained on
page 10!l, and which was prepared by the oi"der of General
Sullivan for the nso of the CJovernor and Gcnend Assembly
of lUiodo Island, at the point noted as " Howland's Ferry,"

*3IcinulT0f 4icni.TBl.loliiiUluvcr, p.fil.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 109

is this record, already quoted: "Here the American Army
landed Ang. 9th, 1778, lieginning after G o'clock, A. M.,
and Retreated the 30th in the evening." This statement is
confirmed by the course given to the boats and the artil-
lery, as seen on the main hind. August Slat, the day fol-
lowing the retreat, General Sullivan issued a general order
from his hendcjuarters in Tiverton, assigning stations to the
several brigades of his army. It cannot be supposed, had
the main army retreated by way of Bristol Ferry that ho

JiQTK.—fampalffn Afiip.—\{\eT the retreat fh>ni Rhodv Iitlnnd, (f«n«ra1 Sulllvao ckUMd
a map of tliP caiiiiialjcii lo be pr[-|Hini1, Rtinvrlng the pot>[tion8 •nil movemenla of both oon-
tciiillng ■mile:< rrum ih« 9th lo tlip 30th of August, ITTV. Tli1« lie- prencnled to the Go*-
rmur anil (iMieral Axitenibly for liicir in forma I Ion. Tlie map In on a scale of one ntfle to
an Inch. It triu doiibtU-*B liitrndctl to cnllKhten the public aulhorltlef, and through them
the public ((('iicrally, upon poiiitH conctTnliig n'lilcli mUapprelicDiiiong rxUtcd, bf making
el^ar every step tukpii by (he AiiicHcaii army from the time of its crossing over at IIow-
landV Ferry until Its return to the main land. Tlie oriitlnal, of nliicli the map on the oppo.
•ile page U a iwluccU copf, \t Ililrtj'elght Inclioi in k-ngtii, measuring from " Common
Fence Point," north of Ilowland'it Ferry, to " Hrenton's Ilecr" It I* a neat epcclnien of
pen drawing, and highly rreililabic to "J. Denl«on, Scrip." The existence of this map
waa nut known until during Govvmor Chnrloit ('. Van Zanill'i ndnitnintratton, 1878-'60.
wlico. In making some chanj^n In the oWce of the Secretary of State In the State lioD»e in
Providence it waa dlitcovered mid brought out of the Iitdlng place where it had probabljr
been for half a century or more concealed. For pcnnisFton to make the foregoing copy, I
am Indebted to the kind consldemtlon and Interest of tlie Hon. Joshua H. Addeman, See>
retary of .Stale, In wlIo^»e care this valuable relic of Khode Inland in the Kevolulion Is pre>
•en-ed. In reducing It to the *l*e here iireitenlcd. It became necessary to omit, for want of
room, several of the longest deecrlplfuiifl of iiiovemenlR found In the body of the map.
Tliexe are given In the folluwing " fUplnnaliun," and the localities may readily be traced
by reference to the initial lelterd :

E.tPL.VSATIOS, '

A. "American Army under the command of the llon'bic <ien1 Sullivan."
H. "ItrltUh llui>ii"

B. L. W. " British linen and Works."

B. A, " Itrllish Army. Order of March."

( " Here a Dcvere Cuiinonadlngand Itombardlng on both ddea began Ang.

J I7lh, 177ti, and continued till the 27th.''
<•. "British Army. Onier of Battle."
D. Dnrfee's Hill, (not "Daify Hill," as on the map).
Y. Turkey Hill.
[]. Buttn'HIII.
A. H. Almy'j iltll.

O. " BrilUh Itt-doubts," north of Easton's I'ond.

Wlndiolll. '■ Her<' the British Army came, up with the Light Corps of Genera) SuUlvaa,
which wan in advance, Aug. 2Uth, 177H, 7 o'clock, A, M., when the battle
of that day began."
A. B. "American batteries and covered way."

It. Uonlnud's Ferry. "Here the American Army landed Aug. 9th, 1778, beginning
aner 0 o'clock, A. M., and Retreated the 30th in the evening."

RHODR ISLAKD IN THK RKVOLrTION.

tvuiild SO aoon, nnd in view uf the posaiUlo movcmenU of
the enemy, have )top»i-nted himself from it l>y m:)kin^ his
hoiiKjniirtor^ so fur iiwiiy. After lilt* iiriiiy huti tx-atrheil the
uiiiiti liiml liy HdwliuKr^ Ferry, it erossoii the Tiiiinton river
at SlH(ie*s Kerry, ami its brigades pnn,-***!?*! to the stntions
nssig^ieil them.

Of this fnct the testimony nf the Hon. Tlieodnre Foster
relievea all doubt- He had been sent to Tiverton on public
biisinej!*, .■iiid reEnnined thf-ru imlil September 2. 1778.
I' ikIit that date be writes : "This nioniinjr, hH\in» finished
tiikiiig nn ncconnt of the public stores at Tiverton, nliout 10
oVIock. A. M., 1 ^ot up ray h<ppsc and ehuise and set awuy
from Mr. Snmiiel Dui-feeV for Pi-ovidentv. I was hindered
sometime iit SludeV Ferry, whei*e they wv.w. trnnsiJ^Jiiin;^ the
baj^go of the army, and having heard thtit part of the
army were passing the lower ferry, I came over the upper
ferry." These letstimiMiieM, il in )ii.)[H>d, will make elear a
subjcet obseiircd to some minds by ^[)dsbnrg*s statement.

Snxt.~ Ifftroal <>f ftiinit /rCvml. ~Tiir ■bnimifrmliig i* copln] tnmi u liva.rtiir/ ran-
■tliiiilng true uf ih* uniKRiPiiia iJ|Min ■ *woril imxnirvd 1>> ihp AnirrlicBi rangmu, tJimugh
l)r Ktmiikliii, ro LafuvFttv lu ITTO, "a* B cninll maj-fc if ilirlr KT*ttrul ii':l(i«iirk-ilBTniMit* "
liir 111* ill^lliijiut'tiril ■rrrlcrs III III*' rauir (if Aiiirrli'ttii Knt-iliim. " tjtttjelti^ I* rrjwc*
wnrril >• •iirri>iiii<lnl bj a niiinlii'r at AinrrloMi onn^rs »)>l |>n>toollDg iIh mar guard.
Ho 1i tiliinr-l 111 till- fimitrouiiil or llir ba*-rtlif/."~t'i4itmrt, ii. f7-

Til MVi' llila twiiol TtTim llw taiiilallHii af IIk n\f;u <^f Irtmr. It wai burtnl. tiiil wtivn
dill iilo (111 •oiiir >rat« an«r, ill* IiIuIq wak fuuiii] lu Unw tir^ii MiiiiplrU'l]' •■aim nnij clr-
fflri>y«4 W ruit. I^ari-'lt* KitiMH|Dnollr liail K4JuMnl to Ihr hiU lilt blwla of ■ ■word pr*-
■riilinl !•■ Iilai by IIh* Nalloiuil Uaanli uf l'«rU, nannfhrliuvi] from Ihn Iron bvlla auil ban
«r tlH UaMBe.

OCR FRENCH ALLIRS.

Ill

GENERAL SIR ROBERT PIfiOT'S NARRATIVE.

BIFAKTLVJj history nutliorizes a honring of both sides ;
and ;is supplementary to tho for<'g^»iiig account l>y Gen-
enil Siilliviiti, (ii'iierjil PijiafH imrnitivf uf tin* i'tmi|migiif
written I'nmi a Kriiish titaiui-|Miint, U here fiivcn. It nas
nclclre^sed to (iencrnl .SirUenr)' Clinton, and bearo date New-
port, August 31, 1778.* It was printed in tlic London
"Ojizettc Kxtraordinnry,** October 15, 1778, and repub-
lished in "The Ijondoii (icntleman's Alngnzine" for Xovem-
her, the sumo year. It also appcuivd in ''l^c Kcinem-
hmncer.'' The text of "The Gentlemnn k Magazine" \» here
followed :

" Tltoagli by my neveml tclterti (tincc tho Zixti of July last, raore eflpB-
clftlljr Ihal I had the honor of writing! by Men U-ii ant- Col one] Stnnrl, nnd the
accuracy of hU irit«lliic<>iir4-, Ymir KxcclleiKy wjll harr bron iiirornieit of
the slnti' of iiIToirx liprc to lh» ^'IIU InHtnnt; yet mi mnny of Itieno Ifttent,
rw»D the niicerUhiLy uf (he cominitnlcntlon, may iiot liaie reached y<>a. a
Kuraniniy of the tmiiMirtlviis »Iuce ibe 29tli of July, when ihe French
fleet arrivi-O. tu ibo lut pvrluil. will not be MnDvcowary, tuul rosy belp to
«xplnln evcnLH.

■• From ilie riTsi ■ppi^nnince of the fleet to the eih tn^tAnt onr nLmoBt
cxertloDa v(cn directed to dlKposinR every thing for resisting the com*
blaed NttAch uf the French nnd n-heU upon an; ind I lmin«l1at<-ly irlth-
drew tWim Oniimitcul. Itrovtn'ft ProvliicUI Vnrjm and two reslmentA of
Anapavh. iviilcli luul been alatioued there. The ir-xI inornlns the kqdb on
the Beaver Tall nnd I>ntupUn niilterlcs, tJie fttrmrr of which were directed

■ Hir Itiibi-rt l*lsat WM bD«t] Ib Ktifliiiiil in ino. Vb took la Ihti prafrnhin of uniit, and
pMMid ihroogh lb* Krado of Mnjur, I7ar>; UeulenBul-CulvTiH. 1791; i.'arom-I, 1773: Mmlot-
tl«nrMl, 1777; la tIM of ljL-uIiMiADM>cQcral, In ITW. Hp iliallnciiUIinl Iilum-ir *t tUt
iMItle of HDnkvr** mil. A* the iniccpHor of (IvDrTBl rnT*niii, he rMlM lo (rain ■ hijtiwr
plMC* In (hccrtnntor Hir clllsrui vT .N<wi>(>rl tlian wii< ttllwtalBrd (or llRnon'xvpIlrc.
Ill Ilii' liitlllr on lUiurlr Iiiaiid. Au]|iii>t 'JVtK, ITTr^. <;<-uiral llfOl rodi'lollu- Hrlil of action
tn Boirlulr, rrani olilc^b t» ipiT* Ilia oiili-n. Il iianid liBTa born iHtlrr Tor liU fvpiilalloii
la lilviop', lt«il h*. •Jurlne lil* milltarr adniiiUMnticn an iht Ul>i>d, rxhll'ttcd norr maf-
NBaluillj-. Bncl a laorr cilik4 obM-rrpniw of thv riilM of wkt. He 4lcd AajpMl l. tTVO.

112

RlIonK ISLAND IN THE REVOU'TION.

nlth some effect agalnut two Une^Kif baltl« alilpH tluit entered tlie Niirr&-
l^tiN^ll Piwn«K«, were n^idcrwl uiiBvrvlconbli;, as tin.' flovl piili^riii;^ Hn;
bnrbor would cut olT all commuiilcatlou with the L^laucl; of wlikti iIk'
Freiicli Adiiili-ul tsitoii Atlvr took » iL-inpornrj' pc>«4fiiKlon, aatt Intidcd the
mnrliirH of lils Hqiindroii. During ihlH perlotl, tlte King's Pislivr iiid two
gnlUt'fl wi-re ot)lj;;c<l to be net nn tin; and uni;rtvard.i. on tlic r<Lli. the
Tonr mlraiiccd frl^iilos, tTler saving bdinc of Llivlr stores, and sectitint; llitt
lAnding of thv svaiucn.

" \Vhi-^]i ll wnn fvldfiil ilic French flt-ot nrro c^mlnfc Into llie Iiiirhor It
Iwcainc ntH,-c»siiry to collect gur forces. nuO wlilidraw lliv truopB frojii the
north part of tbe islaniL, which \vn» nccuniliidy iIodc that evctiinf;. I
1I1(ch1.4« ordcri-tl nil the cuttk- un lliu iHlnnd to l>c drivi-ii wlltiin our lints,
k'svliig oul>" onv cow Willi a runilly.

■' Oil ilii^ 8t]i. the I<'niK-h fleet, which, frotn \ia dntt oppcnmnce, had
contlnilfil wllh ttlllc vHriiilion ut nnchor, .iboiit tlirit; nilU'^ IVom the
nioHth of llio harbour, f^iit under way, and stiiiiiiin!; In, undi>r n lljihl maII,
k«pt Dp a warn) lire ou Brv»ton'» I'uUit. GohI Ulaiitl, niid llie North Bat-
U;rl«!>> which retumcd ivjtii eiiniil sjilrlt, and In a good direction.

•■ The m'xt ninniirig we hod the plcnsnrii to nee tli« iCnfilLth Beet, and I
]inmcdial(-ly sent on bourd to coniiiiuaicAtc to Lord Hovrc onr Klliintton,
niid that of the enemy. Ity nine o'clock the foUdwhif; day lUc Frcncli
flet-t n-fnisij4nd our butlcrit-t, and xalkd out of the Imrlmur, llrinx (iii Lliem
H» bi^rore, snd having it n-turnt-d with equal spirit on our side. By this
caniionmlv fVuni tlii,- xhlps i>ii both dnyx, very furtiinatciy, not en« man was
hurt, 'ir any liijnry Uouc. cxcciJl lo aonio liuiiscs In towa.*

•• I Bliall now procMfl lo Itifonn Yonr lijcci-lli'nry of the RioTenivntii of
the cnwmy froiu the 9th in>t(iiil. when they lundid from llowland'H Ferry.

"Th* bfliliiess of llie wiuthi-T fnr soinv djiy.t niiii-l liaie prtvi^^nLcd their
traosportl u); of Hlnri'M. or l«i-iiig in ririHliiH'KH to n|)|iro:i('h un, ox lltey diil
not inuke llirir npp^r.-irxncx' ni-ur us till the Ulli, wlien a hirgc body limk
poHHcxNiDn of Iloneyman'F) 11111,

■■ To rrpvl any attempt from tlitit qourtt^r, a brcaslwork wa* dirwrtcil to
be Diadv along the Heluhts ft'oin Grvcn Knd lu trisli's Itciloubl, wlilvh wan
>tr«nslhvncd by ou ubbails.

" On the I7lh the enoiny wait «UiiCDv«rcd brcahing ground oa lloiiey-
niaii's Hill. »u thcituniuiit of which, nnrl on their rlehlor the Green Kud
Road, thi^y were ciin.'iinictliiK a txiircry; the next dny nnotiicr was com-
mencrd by lhi>n) for Un- gunn to their left, nud hi it dir<;L't Utic wllh the
former, which was pii-piired for four. On tliU day a Uni.- of approach was
llkewlfD! Iii>u;iin by them from the battnry on tli« rij^ljl to Urceii Knd Kuad,
which workit wv i;ii«1v)Lvureil to ohetruct by keeping a continual Arc on

•AitmlDil llowc liniHil ti.'hiiti- IhiiiIM tl>i> rronim on hniml lit* fln-1 in •uc)i m inuiincr •«
til n*nili-r tlii-rrtmiL-uf ••riirn^l MilliTHii irrrcarluii*, and lljfll an owuinj; vrouhl huvr betv
inailit Air nn ■ttnck uit f'mtlilriicr.liul Iliwitrlrrllii IhiIIi iwrtlniliiTt. lie IiirnptI lii< atlciilloii
10 Nt-w Lt«'iironl anil Kiilrliavrn, nhr'tr uiiicli ilaniiiKK wa* Iiil1li:lt0.

OUR FBENCn ALLIES.

Uicm. The I9tli thfr enemy <>p«iiH their left bnitery. wMch obliged our
enrampm*iil to he removed ftirlher in the rti»r. This dny we hc^n
ftnolher llni*. Tor the Hreatrr wrcortly itf our left, Tit»n Irlali'ii Redouht to
Fopniliii* llillj nnd I tllrrcti?*! n bnttwry of one Iwtiitjr-foiiritrnl two eiylil-
ern pounderfi lo bo niUcd on oor rial"' bicastwork, to coanU-nrt ihow of
Ihe enemy, wlikh wns opened ihL- fulluM'tnit dayi wlien they were observed
buitietl iti fomilng a !>eco»cl npproarlv Cram tbo (lr»t, tu i nvurvr distance on
the rootl.

"At noon itir FroiH-h Rcet ngiiin eniiic In view, mnch tllnat>)i-d. and
niH-hort-d off Ihf port, \iihere It roHliimt-il till tlie 22d. when tl finally dlJi-
■ppeiiTLil.

"ThU diiy Iho rcheN nert- comttnicllng two other halt*ri«i much lower
(lonn the hin ttiiin the former, one on tbo rlglit for Ave. th» olhi-r un llw
Left of (irecn KikI Rmid for fieven giinv, holh of whk-h were opened tlio
next •lay, wbi-n I found It tieL-M»ry to (ittempt sllcucht^ Ihcin, nml then--
fore ordered n halUrr fi->T seven tienvy g\m» on cotnmsmllns ground, near
Green Kn<I. wlik-h Jn>m the otwlnietlons f(iveti )>y the cni'tityS lire, ronid
not lie coinpkled llll Ihe K.5th, when the rebels thonght proper to ctii»« the
embnisures of Ihclr lower iHilterkw, and make use of thein for niort»r«.
Oiirliijic tbifl lime tbcy h»i] bvcu constructing, on the lielsht of the Rwtt
Road, another one ofthfrtecn iTiclieN; and Mils duy began n third approncli
In IW>nt, nnd to the rl°liL of their lower btttterle^t.

•■ The iUth, dlw-«>vi -rinK Ihe enemy to dhtcontlniie their works, ami learn-
Inff, from dvnerterN, thnt they were reiunvliig the ofHcers' biiggftge and
hmvy nrttllery, I dvtncli'd Lltolennnt -Colonel Bnice, wllh one hundred
men of the dfty-fotirih reKlincnl, tn the titulil, over Easlon's bench. In
ques: of lntell1j^M)ce, who, with ^n*At aildre^s. xnrprliicil iiiid hruu^hl off
a piquet of two offlceni and twenty-Bvc men, without nny loss. Some of
t'olonel FaitninzN ci>i-|mi, at ilirTerent times, exerleil themftclTM In taklni;
off people fVnm the enir'my's adrsncecl pitatM; but little intc111|^nee to be
ilepetidcd upon wiui ever uhlAliied from Iheni ; nor were other ntlentptu to
procure It Tuore elllencluuii. as froia all thai could be leanietl it waa doubt-
fiil wlK-Lhcr their InU'utlonfl were to allnck our llnea or retreat.

"On il»e27lh the Sphynx and two other chip* of war arrived; and 1
had the honor of heln^ liifonnt-d by Colonel Stuart of Your Kxcellency'n
Intention to reenforre UiU port.

-On the Pi.lldwlniK tiny llie Vlsllniit unlley took a atatlOD to cOTer the
left flunk of the iiniiy; nnd nt leu o'clock that nlyht the rebeb made an
attempt lo copluru a silbnUeru's piquet fl-om Ihc Annpach corpM, but were
repube<l, after kUllwt onii man and wonndliig two other*.

'*On the Stith, nt the lireak of day, It wa« perceived that the eovmy bad

*TaDinB]i* Tiruemg h m amtrmrtiam at ITanHmriomimy. t)ii- ■>■■»? »r Ikr laat f«etic(n
•if like AqutdnlckJ. TIkf hill laki ( )<■ nwiw Tnm Umi ■ 1>ipr, mii) nol iViifii .Via-tina^i, ttiir
SwnKanvll rtaclim, u hhw liavr «at>|tiMi^. It b MMiHlmri MUcd nuwaMitf.tiul Ton-
<tmg l> |liK Biora ittBat fiitm of t.hlirr\i»ilnn.

lU

HIIODR ISLAND IN THE BEVOLDTION.

retrestctl (luring lUe nlgtit, npon whlrh MnJor-rrKimrnl I'reorott was
onleivd lo ilcuirh a PcglnK'nt fyoni ilie accontl liiio tiiidcr lih commund
awtr Koiiton's ili-furli, rownrds llio Un flank of ibo (*ijeiii)'ii vncaiEipment,
nnul n part of BruMii'ii corpN tvim tllrroind Lo tnkc {H>!<!!««siun of tliclr
works. Al lh« Miiini' tliiir Unijiiilltfr-Uviicnd SiuHb wns dotaclied wlili Ibo
twciiiy.»iei.-ijnd ■ml forty-lblrd reBlitieiils. nml tbc Hank conipiiiik'S of U«,'
lliIny-gJKbiliuud flftyfourtli by iln; Ka>t Itoitil. Miijor-UciiiTiit hosslM'rjj
tiiuruliiutt by lUc VVesi Koad, with llie Hos-slaii ('hasseurH and the Anspacli
rvgimciits uf Vort iiml Seabnib, In ordiT, If i>o».'*ible, lo annoy tlw-m in
their rt.-trciil; nnd upon receiving il report fVom (it-niTuI Siullh, lliiii tliL-
rebels mudi.- a stand, and were iii force upon Quriki^r'^ HIil. I oiitrred Uie
liriy-foiirth, Ilrown'H corpx, Lu nnxUla hhn; but before they conid iirrivi',
the perseverance of Ocucral 8u]Uti, and Uic nplrltcO tic-liavluur of (be
iri)<)p8, hud |:nlm-(l po^^t-i^siun of i1il> htruutc po!<t on QntikiT'^ Uilt, mid
obliged Ihe enemy lo rtt!r« to tlit-lr works nt ibL- imrlli t-nd of ihe Ulniid.
Oti linirin^ n Hoinrt IIt'o fr<ii]i thi? (.*ba>u'crn> cniiinifcl on Ih'C Wi.'al UdjuI, I
dispalcbi?*] Colnuel FhuuId^'n corpn of I'rovhiciaW lo Join General l.oss-
bur^l. wIioobtI;{«d Hit- rebob to quit two rulotibU uimle in cover ctivlr
r«tr«ut, drovv tliviii l)t.'A>ru blin, and look possL«tiion of Turkey Hill.
Tovrnrd^ ^veninz. an nitempt beinft ninOi.- by ibe iviiclft to ^nrrniind iui>il
cHl off the Cljnj-sciirs, who n-crc advanced on the Icfl. ihc icglinenLs of
KatMiintc mid lliiyu were tirdercd tip to llielr mipporl, and niter a Auiart
engnserm-iit witb th« rneniy, obliged tbeni lo rclrviit lo tlicir main body
Oil Windmill Hill.

"Ttds tiiutit the lri>ut>9 lay on llieir nrins on tliu ffrtuml tliey lind
gained, nnil directions wcro given for bringing; np thi> ciimp eqidpngo.
ArUllcry wren.' llltcivlt^o itonl fur. and prepnraiin&it inudu to rcmovv the
rohels from Iheli* redoubts; but by moana of tlie iufcm number of boaU
tbeyretrP9iU»l in tbe hIkIiI of tlie .tULIi i>ver llrUlol .itid Jir>wlfliid> Ferry;
tlius rellni|olshlng every liuld on the i>ilxnd. and resi;julng to ns Its entire
pu» Hess ion.

"Tbe prbouLT!^ taken od thv !l9tb aro iiol tnauy la number; but. t have
renvoi! to holievc the killed and wounded of t!ie rchciA In erfntfr ihnn ihnC
In the rctnm I biive itio honor lo enclose yon of ours; tlit- totnl of which
waj* ! captain, 1 volunteer. 4 sergeants, 31 rank AUd !llc. 1 driver, killed;
2 ciptalnif, .1 liunLeniintH, 7 cnslgrus, 13 sergemiUK, 1 drunuuer, 1«() riink nnd
(lie, 'i drlrers, wounded; 1 licntenant, 1 sergeant, 10 rsnk and file, tuiiw-
liiK"

*■ Xama of thf OJIcrrt iilM. wovndfd and miniHg.

"Klntik companies, Llcntcnnnt Swlney, thtrty-dgbtL, prlsooen Llen-
tennul Laynrd, iiay-fourili, woiiudcd.

*Arl>i»lil'»»rnmnt iHlfrn widtOy rMm tlil.i ilklrtni-iil. Hr »«j-ri- "A tirliim i.r tlip killed.
WDVUilv*! Mint Eitli'^iikp tfhovn tlip wlitilc loftA of llio AmprlcKiiv In tin* ncthm Ut hr- twci liiizi.
Arv(\ aod trlvvcn. i1inl of Ilic Urlllali triu »t tint luppoici] l« be nliuul ocvrii liiiiidrrd. bul
WB> aRrrwrnil' rmiiKl In ■niniiDt Id our Iliouuuiil and lircnty-Ibrci*, indiMlln( Hum: taken
prlKWicff.-'-WtM. «■ /.. (i-, p. «*.

OUR FRENCH ALLIKS.

115

*'Twrntjr-BMonii rcj^lmrnt, DeateiMnt Clrj;horn. Ensigns norland.
Proctor niid Adam, woiiiKled.

" Fort^-tlilnl rf;:)uit-nt, FiimIs»m ItuchA and Afllick, wounded.

**H'>jat Artiltery, Second Lk'iiti'niinl Kt-mbli-, woiiiulwl.

" HaytrK regimc-iit, (."aptnln Sclialleru, killed ; Cnpuilii Wagvucr,
wounded.

" l[if)»lnii Cliussfiirs, Cuptaiii NoUcnias, Biirlon's rcglaKtit, Llcutrn-
■lit McnarluK, L-JtigravL-'i, woundrd.

" Kln^.H Amcrirnn regiment, LleaUMiaDl Campbell, KoatgnA Eoaltck and
l^rdf. troundc-d.

"Voluulber Eiuilacc, Klu^f'ii Antvrtcaii reglincnL, ItlJlod.

"H. I'lGOT.""*

It will bo sficn ihiit this rop«rt of (Jencral Pigol is very
cart-fully tlrawii, with most of the features of tbe ciimpiiigii
unfiivornlilo to liiiiii^etf kept out of view, aiul with an ori-
tleiit design to Icjivp an impression thiit a rirtory hnt\ hcen
avliieved hy liiii furccn; k(;epin<;r out <it' »ipltt. ulso, the fact
that Gi-iienil Sutlivini held \n» •ri'otiiid until all his phiiis fur
evacuHting the island had Jtocn completed. The pushing of
the Biilii-h biu-k lo their redoubts uu the hill, ^vhere they
were coverud I'ruui further purauit, and the retreat of the
Aracricane from the island, made without deriuiis molesta-
tion, placed the feather of Iriiiniph in the eiip of General
Sulltviin.

GENERAL SULLIVAN RETIRES.

LAFAYETTE IX lIKIsToL.

tTEK the retreat from liliodo Island, (ieneral Sullivan
rc-cst(ibll»hed hh heiulquartere in Providence, where
ho remained, wuti-hing over the safety of (hat town, and of
other coast towntt of the State, until the spring of 177!),

■ Prlcr lo til* rvMvalhiii, CipnvtMl Itgat ivllrrd ft«ni the cuvHiaML of lb* araaj ami «M
MMtwilnl It; Uvn«nil I'rrwMl.

116

RHODE ISLAND IK THE RKVOLrTIOS.

when bo was called to lead an expedition ngainst the Ind-
itins in wustorn New York. Hefore Iciivinjr, the town, March
in, 1779,throu;rli Theodore Foster, Town Clerk, IIU Honor
l)epiity-(fovcrnor Jahez liowon, Mr. .lolin Brown and Mr.
David Howell, presented to him the following- iiddrcss :

** 7h the IlonurtMe J»ka SulUmti, Ka^., MnJor-HeKerai in Ike Armiet «/ the
Untifd ittatfM :

"Sir: — A» you have Husuiiiitrd ilic lilith ottict of Cymmatnler-In-Cliier
of this I'ONt fur about it year panl, and ilurlns thai wliok iliiic liiivv care-
Dilly nucddcil to ami cnrdliill; promotcil ihc iu'«cc luien-st and siiMj" of
the SLnU' III jB:^-i)(T;d. himI of Lhh town In pnrtlrtdnr; nil tlint |trud«ncc
coitid »ii;i!tPA>. tliHl dlll){eiicc could vfR-ct. or vnlor iittenipt, 1iii!i bcrn done
for D». But m Ilje nervlcc of AiiiltIch Is now lo dvprire ii!> «if your Rir-
iIkt coiitliiiiiuicc tieru, anil calls yuu lo llll the Knmu lilncli uOlce In more
linpurtant romrnandN, we can (In no U-ki Ihnii Uonetlly return ycm our
BlDCcrr Ihnrikii and mont grdbelVd acknoiTlecl;:iDCoU. Wl^hliig you the
bltfl-tlDS* of liMVfD. AUCi;4->s i» llll yotir off'orl.'a l» wrve your couiilry, thftt
you may li)i|iplly trend tlie cunrtu of viriuc, ami flmdly ri-ach tlic temple c»r
fUiiie,

*■ W(t are. Sir, wHh every acntlmciit of jtratltude an<l llio Iilg)ie»t respect,
Vour t]onor*9 motil obedlenl, )lUllll'^k■ yervanU.

"SlKiieO by (he unnulKious onlti' and In helialf of the town of Provi-
dence, ai,M:iiibli-d uii iIil- IVth day of March, 1779.

3i^£o9o7^^a^/^

" 7wtM Cia-it.-

To this the General replied :

" Tn tht rtxjMCtablefretnun and inhaMtanU nf th* town of Provttifncf :

" I'crmit me, flentlemeii, in R-tiirn ymt my most niiiccre and cordial
nrkmiulrdiKinrntM, for your very pollle aurt affec^ilcmate address, The
unaniinons voice of so rciipcctahli^ utiniljerof my fellow- cUljtens, npprov-
ln;r my coiiduct as <?oininatidcr ID-Ciduf of IIiIh (luparlmeuL, affurlii me
uuspeukaliti- satisfaction ; and ll 1^ with i:n-nt truth ami hlnccrliy, ( as.turc
you. ihiil tlie imrtlii;; nilh ^o Mpiritcil and vlrtuoti!* a people. uhoM' elTortA
to support mc iti niy commnnds, and to oppose the oommoii ent-my, have
8o well witnessed their xeal for itie IntrresW of Amcrico, give* me the
most aenslble palu, aad in a great degree daiii|>H Ibc pleasure arlitliig Ttom

OrR FRENCH AIXIS8.

117

■ proftpect of rrndcrlng my conDtrjr essential acrvlce In Lhe dcpartmcnl to
whicb I am uilk-d.'

'■ I lLav« lilt! honor tu Uv, with itto mokt lirrly wDtloients of «iiU'eai and
gmUtude, Oi-ntlvnKii, your obccllcut servant.

-c/u.^^^

'Z^-Ci.yrz^

*Otf|^JjMB SulllTAn wiu born in Somtn worth, N. II., Fcbrunry tR. trio, and rtceUrd

,,%|Md pVrtlMl nluislliili. .((trr mat lux > •"'■i|:r ti> llir Wnt lii>llv<, lir Plilprrai Ihr IkK
I tifllit lji>i). ttttocLlTcrmort.ol I'cinimoiiili, N.JI, llavloircuinpk'Udlili tliidlrt, hv
■mciicril IliF pncilcrr »rlili prorrMlon la liuHiain, N. 11.. and 1>> Ills ftblUry, h>ilti>lr7,
lr»mTi>ji and r1<B|iiciiiv, iiwk ■ dlilliiguldiiil fmalllon HI llir Itiir of 111* iialtii* :SI«(». II*
*-i^.ml Itie rrlriiilitlilp ul Ihu ^'^D^w<l^ltlf, of the Uulf!d<l1)^ of Lowvll, AiIbtuii, tiud 01U,
Mid riirl;r |Kiniiuln1 llic [nlnxlurtlon tiT maniifiuM urea Intu Stw ilaia\ni\\tv. In 17T3 tw
li«lll • (tilunlal ■.i>inniltiiof> of MiO'T. and Itv mLlllary flirtw luok frarn Furt Wtlllain and
Mary, tmir I'orlilnciUtli, oui- tmndrvd bnrrtl* of Runiiondir nod lirttvn fiuinaa. bcitftn
•mD Brm* and ftiii^i. The (piiipoaili-r wai utnl iLl iti<- liallln of lluiikrr't IIIII. In ITTl
h*«»r»n1 M n niTiiitipr of llir >cw Hanijwliln' rrovlmlal Ann'liiL>ly. AftiT llw t)»ttlD«
of LfXlhitton lUid (oncortl, lir tnarchrdwllhliU e<»tn»njXo t amhtidm; cnnjing with him
llir miirlkM rdcd pondtr. biilnm nitnlluiiHl. Mia mllllaiy abllllji wa* a|i|in-cl*t ih] bj llin
i'nmliiriitiil I'uiipT*!, wiina))polrit«d Um, Junt SZ, 177^. a Ilrl|iad(cr-<Jvni-rml, ftnd m tuch
lip (ummAiidrd an Wiiilrr Hill, at tht atrgrcif Budcin. He »«• irii^^l. );.'% hi lUf rx-
|i^lltitii B|t»ln*1 I'RiiBila, aixl atXft tht- itiiturrctiftil illBrkuii llir UrMUli at Tlirvr Rl)«r»,
tlTreted a ifclllful rptrvai. lie aOrrwanlf Juliird Wnihlnxtoii. wiu mndv a Majnr-Ornrrnl,

Kixl acfrd ondrr t'lilimiD oii I.€»if| Inland, whirr lie WD* lokfu |iri*aiii'r. Whilr ilrlalnrd
br w«« parulr^l bf <irart*l tjjrA IIokc Iu vlaft Ccingrr** al riillnilHpliU aa llir bcarrr ot ■
liropa ill ion from Ihal <i~rivrni1. havliif for irmlOi-ct Ihr «>iiip(iiliiKuf llir itinicalllra bt-
Iwrrk (irrnt Ilrllslii slid llic CoIaiiIc*,— a iiincriiivnl lliat fnll-nl nf ■iicrrta. At^MT til*
rK<<iBii|Ci- lie wa> with IVDalilnKlon nt Wru (.'lir*lrr, »nd after ibc ca]i1iitr of tjrg liv look
oonunand of hl> iHrUInn, wa* ri>i;ncril al 'IVriiliiii ntii] tVinrirliiti. niiil durliiK flip nrvl *lx
•DOalha *w busllj accuidnl lii fniiil oflbr ■iiitlii urtnj, wtiirli imj iluciri)( tlir wllitrr at Mar-

Hmwwp.

la AiifiMl, (SMJ 1777, Ornrral flulttvan niadr a dmrnl on Btatra l*laii.|I. which but for
a mlualu- of Sniallwoiid't k"'''**- woiiIiI liair liptii aijiMrt-Binil. Fur lliin fklliirv lir «■* rx-
oiirratril Ij » •'lu/t I'f Iniulrjr, atiil Itir dcclilun rrrt^rrd the NtncKon nf runitrra>. At
llUT bank of llir llmiHlinlnr hr [rd llir right t>inf!, and wai rxonrrwliil Uy WuliEuj^oa
anri l.«l!ajt>itr fn>i» ibi- I'liuxr uf Ih'Ihi! rra|KiiitlMr fur iliai ilrftat, Tlio furinrr, Iti lila
report lo Couirress MunpllniriiU firucral Mullirau and the wholr right viing iif the amijr,
■lio.he My a. sclrd iminrdtatetj undn hla cjre, lU' ** a dtgren of gullaiilrji dial dbl ItMn
llu lilxhal huiiur.~

In tlic wit)ti-r at IT77, tiriirrol Solllvnn waa with WaililiiKlrin at Vallrj Vntgr. In
Aagual, 177)*. hr waa appolDliHl lo tbi- command al Ilir miinllllnn In Itliiilr lalaud. Itli

Mntwa (brrc and thvlr rr*ulli arr rrKirdcd Inthc iin-M-dlnj; pugt-i. ilU |>rlnci|ial an<T
nlUlary Mnln' mm au rxiirdlllaii axnbial lln Six Nallmia uf Indlaiia. hi which hr laM
waMa Ibrlr «vlllritirnt>, ami ilrli-alril llir ImJlnii* ntitkr Uruul, uu4 ilir '[utici under (Mr
Joha JohaMD. In Nurtuibrr, I7?p, owlnu lu triiauBJ; hnpaiird lH*alth, lir tcndiTnt bll
rvflgnalion to <'uiigrt-M, wlilch waa al li/ot dKlioril bill floally BR»|ktnl, and thai bodf

axpnaud tt* apitrrclallpa uf hl> Krvlcea b; a vote of ilwtiki. ihi ihl* ooeailoa. Waahlnc-
M* arrota la rti>]jr loafHemHyictlMfron) tlalllvoD: *■ 1 lliiiir mjulf It li ■ninnoiaary ftir

11«

BHODE ISLAND IX THK REVOHmON,

Gompliinentmy votes wore parsed liy the legislalurea of
Rhode Island iind Now Ilump^hirc. Addresses were also
prescnti'd to Ihv CiciioiBl l»y tlie officei-s in the Stale militai-y,
niedicjil and ritsiff, iind by tlic ortJcr of Frco Masons. A vol-
untary escfirt ntlcndcd his departure from Providence an fnr
as Johnston, where a pnblic dinner was given him by his
late coinpiiniuns jn armu.*

LAPAVETTE's HEADgUAKTERS AT BKISTOL.

"When I>!ifiiyette was stationed at Bristol l>y Genenil Snl-
livati, (pago M4,) he expected lively times with the enemy.
Writing' to Washing'ton, soon after he cstahlieJicd his head-
quarters there, he says :

' 1 Jini iinw iTitriiNlnd by General Siillirnn with t1i<'^ nir« afWanPXl,
Brlnlol, Slid die eastern »li«re. I am to dcfoiKL acotintry wllIi very Tevr
troups. ntio are not iitilv tu tlvfl'iiO more than a »\us}v iwitit. 1 cannot
answer that ihc oiiemy wont co autl tlo wimt ihc.v pk-iisv. (br [ nm nwl
able tn |irfvciic tlioin, only wltli u part at tlitlr nrmy, find )'i;l lliU t>art
must limd Dot r^r ttom inc. Bnt 1 iniHWcr, that if tlicy rtmic wttit equal
or not very superior Torcea to tboM I naf collect, wv ahull flog tticm
pretty welt ; nt Ivnst I liope bo."

The Iioadqiifirters of I-afnyctte in Bristol, around which
the lueinuries of u cunlury ehihter, ore thus minutely do-
scribed :

mc to rr'p'al (ofou Itowlils?! ■ placr jon hnld In my tittKin. 'I1ii- eonildeim' yuu liuto
»Kjii*rlcni'Hi1, null the iiinimrr li> ulilrti ><>ri liuti' hif'u riiiplDiiil in •V'vrntI [rajiorlaal actm-
■Ion*, iFMIf)^ iliu «aluo I tt\ Dp'iii j-onr nillliaiT -qualiftcailoiu, ami ihb rcfnri 1 mnrl ^9t,
lliBI eircittnuliincn haic drprlvnl Ihr »naj of ^uur ■minrt."

lu ITm* Iw t(H>k R re*.t In ruiigniH, anO wm iriR<1p HmlnuBn of >■• l<n|iiir(Hnl ruminlllw.
RdumlDR fn flir prn^Ti<v at llir Ihh. Iir tnnk an aetltr part In public iimiin, and was
elcflnl In vHriau* oflleix «r rniic aiiil liua ur ; aniong llirni IIioip or Attornrj- (i^-iii-ml ntwl
PncklDBI of IIm! Male. Ucitm a momlwi of 11k MbwuIo l>alrnilly. Hr wwItikI frviii
Uarvard t'liiiTnil* tUr ilciFnr Dp A. M., and Tmtn DaHhiaiith ('oUrt(t llln di-gnc of
LI., n.

Al til* flatr of hl< dpiitli. .lanaan' 2^. ITV6, he wi* tnltnl J*l»ti^ .Iii.Ib'- "f Hif >*»iiH' of
New llatupahlre. A Ufi- af UvtiPtnl Sulllian, li; Ihc Ki-r.tt. W. II. IValHwIr. lMiribl<>4l In
Sparks AnwrlMH Rtagraplij*. AudIIht 1iii« br^ii vrittrn by linn. Tliania* r. Amory. Tu
tNKli Of thcM llie mifltr l> ivfcnvil for ininvaiUiji panJcnIara «OD0tTiiln|[ B (nir patriot amcl
■n Fncri^lc tiilllUry tanunuidnr.

•LU«or»ulll>-uo.|hVa.

OCK FRENCH ALLIES.

119

" The- ■ Reynolds lIonsc.'Lefbyettv's hendqimrcerii In Drislol ilurliijt llie
war at tlie Ttorolullnn, U located on ttie east side of llie mitlo rofttl Ivml-
iits lo Wftrruu, ntiout llircv fourths of » mile DurLli of thi^ coiiiiiiK't pnrt of
tha loirn. Tl CrrtMs to the vrest. with ilio IVont door In the center. The
Rinln bon<i« h fi x W rcrt, thrct* RtArlos high, nitli itn, I. In Itic roar. The
windows of llic uppiT utory io fi'out are one pane short. Jo»ej>li Hey-
llolds owned the house when IL vcti* occoplcd tiy Ijifk.vette, niii] his lineal
desoeniliiiil. Jolin I'uvt KcjimliU, Is th'.- prrnt'iit nwiicr. I.ttrnyt-tto':* xleef^
Injjt rumu iv!w tht,' north west dmnilwr on the second flour. This roora
bus not been clinnscd lu uiiy pnrtlcalar, except a vliauge of ftomlture, since
It wiK oectipivd by him. IDs dinlns-rooni nnd olllcc was the ^touih-west
room on iho lower floor.

" Tlio hoiwo Ih a ftnh»tami«l strucUirc of wood, and lt.t general npp4!ar-
ancc tn (l.ty U very simllnr to what It w;u In the lime of ibc Ki-volntion,
The p'lltit upon It vtxf while, or of a very U(;ht color, but bos been some-
what browned by tliD«." •

Prior to September 24lh, Ocnernl Lnfsyctto removed bis
statiun to Warron, as licing n safer (Hisition. While bore
his iiuIipit:ition wns awakened by the language of an ."nldregs
signed by Lord Carlisle, Prejiident of a. ItonnI of Itritisb
Cora miss inn ci-s, wliiHi he considered rllsrespcclfti! and insult-
ing to France. Ja the heat of warm blood, contrary to the
eoimsel of Wasbiiigtftn, he sent bi.s LordHbip a cliallcnge,
which he declined lo accept, holding that for his public offi-
cial conduct and luodejj of expression he wag rutiponsiblo
onl}* to his King and country. In bis subsequent cooler
motneuts Lafayette coincided with the opiniou expressed by
Washington.

Concerning the action of the 29th of August and the
retreat, Lafayette writes:

'• From nltat I have heard fW>in Benalble and Mii<Kf French (centlcmen,
the action ducH ;;r«at honor to Oenentl Sullivan; he retreated In good
order ; he oppoKi-d, very properly, every effbrt of the enoiny ; he never cent
trooiw hilt well snpportc<l, and displtiypd great coolnras during the whole
day. The ovaciinilon I have «*en extremely well performed, and myprt-
fatr •>f>fiat"ri is, that if both cvtnLs arc salisfnctory to us they arc rery
AtiHinvfiil [•> tht Britlsb fjenerata and Iroopa; they hiid so many fine
chances to cut ua to pieces ; hut tboy were a very good people." f

■ For Diii ilcwiriplUin oT r.«ni)rlte*i liradqiiMlen'l am Iniltbled TO WlUlam J. Miller,
K«q.. of lirlilol.
t MtmalT*. L. p. SOV,

120

RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

The General did not remain long in Warren. On the 13tU
of Outobor ho vras in PliihidelpiiiH, anxious to ivtnm to
Frnnt«, yet unwilling to sever his connection with ihe
American cause. Congress, iinderstandiug his feelings,
voted, October Slut, to peniiit him to visit France, to return
"at such time ns wjig most con*-enient to hini," «nd thsmking
him "fur tbiit diniiilercsled zenl which led him to America,
and for (ho services ho has rendered to the United Stales."
Ho was also ninde the l>carer of iiu Hppreciative letter from
the Prusidenl ()f Congress to the French King, reeommeuJ-
ing Iiim to the Koyal notice "as one whom we know to Uo
wise in council, gallant in the fielfi, and patient under the
hardsliips of war." Washington also wrote to l>r. Fnink-
lin, the American minister in Fnince, complimenting Ivufa-
yettc for " proofs of his zeal, military onlcr and talents."
All this he gratefully apprccinted.

MORE ABOUT ADMIRAL COUNT D'ESTAING.

8.\lt-3 FOR THK WEST INDIES. — CAPTljlCKS ST. VINCENT AND
GRENADA. -KKTCUKS TO AMT-IItlCA ^VND CO-Ol-EUATES IN
THK SIEGE OI' SAVANNAH.-HEPULSElt.- KETrUNS A<JAIN
TO THE WEST INDIEK, AND THENCE TO FKASCK. — KECKP-
TION BV THE KINO.

jjraN page 78, Admiral D'Estning is noticed ns being still
^^i^ ill l^ititun. cnjoyinE iJie hospitalities of its citizens.

enjoy uig

" The lichavloiir of the Fn-ncli offlctTH nntl siiilors, Uie wbol« lime ttmt
tliHr Ilo«t Iny In port, was rcfnarknt)!;- gooil. nir beyond iinyihlng of lli«
klixl ever before, wlicn »cvrrjil inrii-or-wAr wore prcsenc. Tl>o Coont
nmile a puint of nlnnya lyluK im lioard at uintit. The offlcors comliicteil
wUli thtf f^rvnUfti ir^tiilarlly nmi ilvconnn. Ati unplf«annt affl'ay look
plucp bulwccii sgiiM! seamen captured la BrllUh vcaM^ls, and some of Kur-

OCB FKEXCH ALLIES.

121

ftojrne'k nrmji wbo lind vnllBtetl lu prlratvere Jast rcBdj* to snil, sdiI ■ num*
Iwr of Freiicli. In miciij{itltitf n> HiipprvHs tlit- fniy, iwo French oQcvrv
were womnik-d, fluO oiic or LliL-m, tlit Clii-vaKcr <1r Snitil Saiivt.nir, »'i Imdly,
that hr Hoon aftt^r i1l<-il. ']'}!<• Mo^^arhiisotts l<>g):<liitiit'(- votcil to ervvl a
tnoniimf ntul atoiir t» tils mL-iMory. (Juiint D'K»taing wan imivh f{rlcvt;tl
fur nil Dcciirrence eowlly in1»)»lvi-pri^Ie4l, bul bad (oo much caltuiieAs nnil
jfooil ■ciUtf to chiir^- It iipnii thv bndy of tbv iiitinbitnntK, trhu wore uo
l««a coDCcrncc) at Ii than Uieinsclvva. It ilicrcfori: created no (llfiHciitlons
betwecu theiii."*

"The Atlitilral autl all the Kivtich otnccra are noir upon cxcveiliiigly
good Hiotln;: »i(h IIk' ^'■iitk-rncu of I be Iom-u [UoatoiiJ. tieiicrul llmi-
cock lakCH iiiiwciriLd ]iaia& lo jiroiiioU- a ^ood tindt-ralauiULig u'Uh the
Froucb uOlccn. Illx buuM) In Aill n-om inornliij{ till ulj^bt,** f

Having (completed the repairs of his damned fle<?t, IVRs-
tftinjj Huiled in November, 1779, with a land force of four
thoiiHiiiul 1110114 on nil expedition to the West Indies. He
took Si. Vincent «nd (irenada, and then sailed for the United
Sl»tca to co-operate wifh (ienend Lincoln in the reduction
of Siiviiiimih. On theJMh of Scptemhrr he nppejired oirthut
city. He landed titvt on Tyliye IiiUnd, on whicli was a. fort
designed to giunl the entniiice to the Suvnnnah river, and
fonnd it had been evncn.ited by the enemy, (leneral Lin-
coln hnd not yet airived. Count ruluski with his eouimand
800U joined D'K^tuing, who, flushed with his sticcesH in the
West Indies, at once summoned the British eomrninider,
"His Kxcellency (ienenil PrcvojJt, to surrender himself to
the Arms of His Majesty the King of Frunt-e." The (Jene-
ral obtained n tnice of twenty-four hours, when, hjiving Ifcen
re-cnfon!ed hy Colonel Maitlaud with six hundred i^colch-
mon, hrouglit frnni Beaufort, he notitied IVMstning that ho
had decided to defend himself, inid tliat the firtni; of the
evening gim an hour lieforo 8unt?et wnuld tie the KigtinI for
recommencing hostilities.^ The granting of thi^ (nice was

•OmiI<ui. II-.W-MI. f OrMDc lo W*>hliictoti.

t Manliull ur* dx IhouMiiiil mm.

|t:alunrl MhIiUii'J, niidlii£ aa arrivtuf at iMsi^ukli lliul llic I'rvncli lUrl ItrM Itir pa*-
Mf(r up llir riirt. rtwiiril hBvaiiiiiili ni>|irrrrl<'nl. ti* B pAMa^r («lln1 WaH'n rul, tlirudfli
1^11 tfvk, ftj wMfli a mall bnali con 111 pau al lilgli valvr. I>iirliig ihc Inrc < 'nnfrdprat*
Mnanle UiU tVairn cut iffuKlrd tbt- Tiitttd MatH tfuaboui Uiv mt«iu a[ cniorlnc tlw

IQ

1}2

ItnODE IfiLAND TS THB BEVOLTTIOK.

D'KstainffA ft«rious n)Utnk«. Such truA the weakness of
the ItritUli fiirces, Ihat tiiid ho mtulc an iininediato a^^jtult,
ihu town rrtuld cattily have boon tiik<^n. Siiy* an offia?r pres-
ent al lh« KifRt; ; "Tho liravcry anJ MnlilKirnuvsii exliibited
by our frrK>pn, and their tinnnvHs in Hefear. ai^iirc ns that
Sfivanniih would have heen (>ms if, instead <»f liesieging, we
ha<l ultaeked it, nword in bund, the very dny of our arrival."
lint ihe ^Idcn Mpjmrtiinily wa^ lout.

*■ la ■dilltlnn bi tbv Ksrrisoa b<!LiriH*B four and Qvt hiiiitlrerl negroes
wvrr put. tn work U[>on the llni-n; unci no rnplilly did llx? lahor pr<>;fre«s,
t\m (N-ftiii- ttii- Kremd nml .Viorrlcxn (wtHfrlc-i 'i|m-iK'«1 lln-, tin- llrllisli liail
raUrd xroiio'l ilic Uitvii Utlrletfti HtibMtiiiitliil rL-^'xibts mid Unvt-ii ^tiii bnt*
tvrte*. niMuntfiiK vkhty [ilecef vf cnnnun " Iwottlcs flcld pl«cv9 tlint vror*
dliitrl)Hilv<) iiloiiH Uivlluc*

General Lincoln having now arrived frum CharleAton,
and (iencra! Mi.-Intosh linvin<.' «'iih Wi» foinniiuui arrived
fnini Au;^iiKla, u union of tin- Fn>iirh and American fuiveti
wns fonni'd September Ifiih, and Ihc siege of Sitvaiinah was
fairly eomnieneed. The Fi-eiii-h troops niimlwre*! 4,4;i();
the Anierieahit [uinibered 2,12/. n«)lh displayed great
f*mnij.a'. The bunibanluicnl opened with lifty-tliree pieces
of heavy eaniion and limrteeu mortartt, nnd eontiniied d:iily
witli nmre or less vigor. Th(> fire was reliii-ned by the
t-nnmy with no le^it sprrit, and often with fatal efTt^ct. Skir-
niisiheH, sorties iin*! ri'pnUes were fi-e4iiient. On one ocea-
aioii the French tiring wati I'ltd, the niiei-diix>eted lioniba
falliti;^ in jrrent iniinlH-rA in the trench romninnded by llio
Viceouiit (le N'oailleii, oeca»i(inc<t by n mir^take of a ship's
slownrtl ivho sunt to the eunuonecrd a ke<; of nmi instead of
a kejr of beer ; — the mix-^Iirection of the giins soon making
visible Ihu demoralizing el)'eel« of the mm. Another inci-
dent of tlio (•iejre is thus related :

Havannali rixr hi tbc rrar of Kurt IHilKikl. mlhuiil FnciiiiiilFriiiff llw flrr »f ill bsllrriM.
tbvrabjr (vmH^'Hr bolBlIng tiiM iVinlitoitluu. >ii<l «>ii-rir<|t tnlrml iii«rkla« pwitM on-
■M*<l !■ Um vtMtim or luicMlns iMiirrirt ul Vrniu'i I'lHol, aoil ou the aorlb »d «f
filnl** l*LiM - VJMipat/ a«p— — >, towmW'jp vaMtofai bf CMoHm C. Jtma. Jr., p. 19.

OUB FRENCH ALLIES. 123

" On the 23d of September the English made a sortie upon onr working
parties. M. do Roiivr6, who commanded the trench, having under him
Lieutenant-Colonel M. O'Doiie, repulsed them vigorously. M. O'Done
was drunk. Ills natural courage and the excitement caused by the wine
carried him beyond the proper limits which had been pre&cribed. IIIh
ludiscrect Importunity cost us one hundred and Ilfly men placed Aortr (le
combat, of whom forty were killed, struck down In tlieir retreat by the
enemy's artiUery. To replace this loss, the General ordered up four hun-
dred marines from the fleet, under the command of their own oRlcers.
This weakened the fleet still more. From that time It was in no condition
to flght, even if an occasion lind presented it»eir niid Biron [tlie l^uglish
Admiral] had made his appearance." •

The siege conliimed until October 9th, when a despenite
but unsuccessful assault was made upon the enemy. On
this occasion D'Estaing led three or four hundred grenadiers,
who made the air ring with shouts of " Vive le Itoy" up to
a strong defence of (ho enemy's intrenchments, where a
hand to hand encounter ensued. Here be received two '
sevei-e wounds, but was able to mount his horse and in per-
son order a retreat. He rode to the village of Thunderbolt,
whei-e a hospital had been established, in company with
Slajor-General de Fonttinges, who had received a gun-shot
wound through the body. Here the Admiral remained until
October iBth, when he returned to his ship. The brave
Count Pulaski, who commanded a legion of horse, that
" sped like Knights into the peril," received a mortal wound.
He was taken on board the United States brig " Wasp," to
he conveyed to Charleston, but just as the vessel got out of
the Savannah river, (being detained several days,) the
wound gangrened, and he died. His remains were con-
signed to a watery grave. The repulse was complete, and
the siege now practically terminated, the besiegers being
forced to abandon an cntei-prise which opened with promise
of success.

The casualties experienced in this siege were : French,
killed, 377; wounded, 444; total, 821 ; Americans, killed,

* SlFg« or SnvNnnsh, p. S3.

nnODE ISLAND DT TITE REVOLUTION.

12; wounde<i, 300; total, 312; grand total, 1,133. The
Anicricjii) officers killed or wounded in the iissault of Octo-
Iior {ith^ lui fitt as Djipeaiti, wen? tbo following :

Mnjor Jolin Jrtncs. aid lo Rcncrul Mcintosh.

Second Itogiinciit.— Miijor Mottir, mid I.lvtiieiinnU IIuiik^, Wlckluim and
BubIi.

Thinl RcjjInH'nt.— Mi^or Wise and Lieutenant Bailey.

General Wlllltunson'!* Brtjiatte. — Optflin Bvrniid.

CliurleMcimi Itt'tflmi-iil. — CupLiitii SlK-pliurd.

Soiitli (arotltiD Artlllerj. — Captain DoEinotn, I'harlpsi Price, nvoIiint«pr,
8erjp;anlJa!.v)i-r.'

WOrXDRD,

Briendlcr^C^ctieral Count PulnskI, morlally.

Miijor l.'KiirniiC ra|ttA)iH IlctiUlon, Ciller and Rs^ow^ki.

Breond Higiment.— Caplaiu Roux, mid LJcutcnunts (iniy aiid Potr^e.

Tlilnl llf^imtint.— CupUlri Furrar, an^ l.lvute tin tits Uiutati snd I}«Sao-
aitre.

aixtli Re!ilm«'nt.— Captain Bowie.

ViruinliL Lfvles. — LItruu-iinuta Parker and Walker.

IJ;;!)! [nrmitry. — ('nptfllii Smith, of tltft ttdrri; Captains VViirrrn and
IIo;9;»n, of I he nnh; I.tei]teniii)t VieUnd. ol the second; and Lk-utciianc
pArsonn. of the Hfth.

Soiilh Carolina MlllUft.- Captalntt DavlH niid TrerlUe. Meiiti'^nanta Bon*
neiiu. IVilkie, Wudo and Wnrdvl, LlonU.-nnnt EdwarJ I.loyO, Mr. Owen.

The ntimbcr of the French otBeers killed dunng the pr<>-
gtc&a of the eicgo was six ; in the attack on the 9tU of
October, ten ; viz. :

M. M. nercrmunL, Q. M., of Uie rezlmenL of fibitlnnLi.

]>c Illnllierbe, olDcer oT the ri^glment or CbantpngTic.

■ Wttttoii .iMprr »Ai n nklltf vt Kiiiitli rnmlttin. *ni[ wa> bnni about irno. H« rntand
Uir< mtttliillniur)- M-nlrc «■ B Srtxi-ao' lu llx- ■m>nirl Smith 4'amtliid ircl*»'''>t- «« •'Win
KuMiisl hlniM'lf Bi ilir ■■laiili iipiiii Fori lloullilc, .riii»> 7f, ITTG. I17 rvcntrrliiji Ittrm lh«
dtlcli oiilr'il)' of I III' Hnrk* llii' nun nild 'tlMr v'lif«1i Iib4 tHvn nbol a>*iiy> tuid by iitlHrlilii|[
the na^ III a •jxiiiiP' ii|«1T.nl"l rriiUiiliiiK tl Olitlic ]inra|iiH. In nttruipHnic a ulnillBr (i-M Ml
tlip nSvftr I't Sainiiiiah, Orliiliir tt, ITTV, !>•■ n-n-li<-<Ia miTlal mmiiiil. tit* HTirtrct ■■ atjmir
•nldlrr wvrc rrrosnltc'l bt tlic prvMntfttlon to lilm of » liHiiilMrnirc nword liy iinfemor
Butliilgr. lie drrlincd a higlicr punlliun tlian tliat <tt MTVpnnt, rr<cUi>jr IIinI IiI" rducMInn
w«i not ■iilltHi-nt In wmtsiiI n iituhiiiIIoii. Gl^El«-^ll MmitirU icavi- 9)!ma roving omnnili-
afnn. tindi-r wtttcti t\e rapluinl iiiBor ot Clip rnrmr. A fOunly 111 Uearrl4i, and a public
■quam In Sarniiiia.1i. perpetiuli: llic nuiir it tlili pdluit |iMtriot.

OCR FRESCH ALLIES.

125

Rlacxliwi, LivntMunt of tite rvtrlmeat of Ausonols.

JiiaImrioo. LleuU:nai)t or lite rvxliiiviit of Aiitcviiul-'i.
Foni]j>ro8«, H«coiitl LieutL-nniit of tho VoLunU'er GrcKBtliera.
I)«8eiic£. CapUin of Arllllerjr.
TotBl. n.
M. .M. Brow. Major of niHon'a regiment, Colonel of Infoolry.
DallKon, MltlAblpmen.

D«»LInvllk, Si'ctjiitl t.lriiUiniiitt of th« Xavy.
Molarl, Llcnlcuniitof the regiment of AnaaienAO.
SUncpy. Secmid Lieutenant l>ra^oni!i of Condf.
Taf, I.lMilvnniit of thv regiment »r Dillon.
GuHInunK!. Lieutenant of tht^ Grrnntllers of (iimiklnnpc.
DeHonlAlini. UdplAin of ttic Chfiascum of UAudcloupe.
Bolsnoof, Lk-utcDant of the reultntriU of Purt at) Princw.
Dul't'rron, Ciiptulu of SuuT-duty.
Tutu). 10.

je officers wounded in the attack of the J)(Ii of Octolier
w«ro:

M. M. Cunnt IVCkCkIuu. Gvucnil.

DefontBtiecs, MaJor-GeiicmL

DcBctlzl, Colonel, and second In commnnd of the reelmcnt of

Gntlnolfi.
nvSlodln;X. riilon)-! nf Infantry.

DernevlUe. Alttp-Major of IMt Uton, mortally wounded.
rhnllguoD, AUIe-MitJor of Dii'Inloii.
Boulsn, Capltiiii of Orvnadlcrti of Ariudutinc.
Grillere, Captiilii of rei;ini«i]t of Ariii8(;oac,
Harris, Cnptnln of regiment of Alli^■nollt.
Rl. Saovcar, Lieutenant of regiment of Aogcnol*,
Chan8He|>U-4l, Lkutonnntof the regiment of Aiifienola.
Moreae, Second I.k-ittenant of the regiment of Aiigonols.
CliRRison Lleiitcnnnt of the regimen! of Cnmhresis.
CdK'HU, LIutileuAiit of thv nglniunt vf Ciiiubrrsis.
Bootet, Llentennnt of the regiment of C«mbre.Hla.
Oradon, Second I.Icatennnt of the regiment of lloinMilt.
IjJiIhutc. Lleulcnaot of the Dragoons of Cond&.
OnellOi C'aptalu of the refluent of Dillon,
Doyon, Lletitvnaatof thv regiment of Dillon.
]>tloy, offlcer of the regiment of Dillon.
Ch' do Termol, Ciukt of the regiment of DllluQ.
IMmoarlea. Lieutenant of the regiment of the (^pe.
DeaomtNTAgcs, Lientcnant of the regiment of the Cnp«.
Delboa, Second Lieutenant of Ttic re«lmeDt of the Cape.
DcBnoycm, Major of tlie regiment of Gaudeloupe.

126

KlIODK ISLAND TN THE UEVOL.VTSO'S.

Bogcr, Captain of llie ri>g1inrnc of Gntidcluapo.

Noyelles, Ciputn atitAchcd to tb« sutT of Ui« regiment of Gati-

dcloupt-.
D'AnglemoiiI, Llviili-iiniit or thv Ctia«Arun> uf nautlt-loiipc.
Dtt Kounori, Swoml Llciitvnnnl ol iho C'li.n)ii»eur» ofRaiideloupe.
Bnllly de Menagcr, Ueuteunnt of the reglmcat or Port nu Prinvc,

I>i'i30iicr.
DucloK. of Port au Prlucf Volunteer CbasH-uni.
Total, :il.

(XTt()ber Itith tlic claiigc-i-ously wounded were embarfc<sl
for Clinrloston, nnd llioso who wero suffering from slij^ht
wounds were placed on l>oard the vurioos vessels of tlie
Jk'L't. O'Ewtaing Hiiilctl fi>r (he AVost Indies, tmd General
Lincoln relnmod to (^'linrh^ston. While on iho coast of
Georgia the Krench fleet cajtlnred » miniber of nrmed and
IraiiAjiorl. vessels. Among tlieni was tlie "Kx[M>rimont," of
fifty guns, commnnded by Sir Jnmes AVulIncc. cons]>ieuous
in 171') in the Nnrragansett waters for his oiariiudiug prac-
Ijees." On hoard wem Major-CJenend Giirlh, thirty thoiisimd
pound;4 sterling, and a large qnnnlily of army stores. t

Althniigli the faihire of thi-s expedition proved a diHip-
pointmenl to well founded ho])e9, and, doiihtlcsa, n mortifi-
eation to D'I•l^tInIlg, it was not altogyther fniitless. Besides
the Hritisli vessels captured ahove rfff'erred to, which fur-
nished sniwistente to the French fleet and armj", the
reHonitres whieh the Knglish I'uiild have drawn fnuu the
province for hcsieging t'harleston were destroyed, and their
design against that city was so returdcd as to afictrd oppor-
tunity for phu'ing it iti a |>osition of defence. Whetlier Ihe
advantage tlius ohtained wnrt an wpdvaleut for the eos^t, is ii
f|ue>ilion for tlie rentier to eonsider.J

*>Mr>l«mp« Walliiro bfVftTit* an Admiral, «nil In ino^ wm garrmor of KcwfiinndlMul.
Il« dli-d 111 l^nitim, >tiirch I, IWD.

ti^lrx^ tif Samtinnh. t^ 'it.

t KIdv prl>r«wi-r« lakrn by l>1>lMiiti mihI (olil In ri««ld*nn>. Tlir net iininvtU uTIImr
»a]M In ounllti«iiTal Hnmccr iffrr |4'i;,U(.b. The pittiti wito lirmiilil Uk llrirl fK>iii I*»w
Turk to >'<-wporl, fn Jnljr, rRriiiJ ihm bunilrnl U<m rutit. Thr tHjirr vr«i*U hod ttCD
l>rli>l*.

" Ttte loM at llie Kmifli M)H«dn>li In tin- etkmjiuiga of ITTf wm BflyJlirec fcllhrd, of wbum
Ihrt* Iter* afflnn, mmI lMtj-tr\ni *iiIiIIit>, twakW tli* tmr at > ]ir)>« tiri( hxl at trtt.

" TTw expuiMi of Uw iKNpllPlt, tnduiUiic ll>« uinipurlMilmt vt Iho dek W DmIvd In
tTTt), mtn tST,BV~JrttM, M.. p. 4M.

OUR FRENCH ALLTBS.

127

Sir Henry T^^liiiton ovirIeiilI_v fell tbat D'Ksliiinjr's opcra-
fions on thn Amcriran roaft hnd lieoii In^hly dittjiHl roils lo
British intorests. Wriling (o Lord George Gertuftin, Janu-
ary 3W, 1(B«, he 5«ys:

" I do not recknn Mdioh;; iIil- |rK9i(.T mi>'r»rlUiH->i <>r ibi- laxt year tii« opt-
rntloH!! r>r I>*(Ci>iii]n;[ on IIk' Aiiit^rtcnn ctMul ; cite vast rtHM thvrcby rIvou
to Hid n-M trndv, ntiil tlip Injiirjr whlcli ll hrousH upon ours ; Ibe tniprvs-
Bioii U c«rrj«t hornf lo ihe iuIiuIm of llu- iicuplu of our lost dominion of
' tbe fmu, iiiul ilii- illitiiui'iiloij or ilic Frci)i.-li t» glrc them every amtlstance
freconclliiblc tvllli thf gnDcrnl nlijccts of t]ic war to contplcUi our rnlD on
tbo continent." ■

Of the chnnictcr iiud (ibility of D'Estaing as a com-
tnandor the iinkrioirn ofHccr. who served under him, already
quoted, thus writes:

" ir z«al. activity, vaucnK^tMi, niiU tiiiiljhtuu lo avcompliKh sreat 6«*ti»
fjare worthy of ix-cutnpcniie, tiuver will France bo »blc sufllckuily to
•cknoirledtrt! tier nbllzntian» to C*niiiit IVFHlaln^. With mticli iiKolll-
gcnce, lie pi^stuMsrs thv L-atliiii'lttMm sud tbi' Ore of a man of iwvnty yenn
or igp. Gnt4?rprl!«ins bold fveu to lercuTiiy, nil thin;;!! iippear possible to
Itlm. lie rtiiiL'Icii ■>» rp|>r(Ti>(-nt»(icinHWli it'll liriiiKiboini^ to hlin u knowk'clge
«r (tltricdllivs. WhoeviT daren to ib-surlb* itiein as ronitldabic, l» IH re-

cvlvcti Tb^ Millon bL-llwu btm liiliiiniHii; . . but tliU la a

I nproiicli luciitcut Cii Ms uui^lcri* muilv of lin.'. bficaupL- ho la crurl t>j bhn*
aeir. .... Wlit'u I lun now H.->kr(l If he Ir a kooiI Gcnerul. It \a UUS-
enU for nv to re^poml to thl^ Inquiry. II<^ cominlttt'd mui'h lo chance,
and pinyol larsely thp gnnjp of bamrd. Itiit tlint Im wft» cucrgcllc. Btlveii-
taroU!t aliiiiist lo mNhiie.'Wi, lii(lffhll;rnli|H in hi» i-iitri-prlix-A, which he con-
ducted with an nrdnr of wbiirh, hml we not fi>llowwl bim, vfc could liave
forme*! no conception; nnd Hint tn all llilf" he mhtetl mnch Intellect, and A
t«mp«r which liupart«0 ;trvut austvriiy lo bb character, wv are forced to
■dmlt."

Count D'Estaing returned lo France, and reached Paria

I>cccmbcr 7, 1780. A letter written in that oily under that

.date, (lays :

■* Wcare vtry ImpiilIentloMC the Count DT^taluir. who M expected
tbln fvciiliri; at Vuritnl tle<i. It in fttven out Ihal Hlx Majesty cxpreaMU IM>
l^rvat a dexhw lo 9i<r« tlint 0<*itrrnl, that hv luiK iirnt n currliqtv to meet him
on iJic rood for dtrspatch, anil for the Kreati^r convenicucy, as th« woumU
he recflved lit .^nle^k-a arc worse than wob at (Irvt reported, since ho baa
been obllgLtl to iiuikc use of crutches.

BHOt>E ISLAM* JX THX KEVOLUTTOK.

•*TI« Oooot irSMaloK. 11 1» mM. wnrtc fron firwt to-U. tfe Safttee. U
dMlK ha wwttld uk of Ibe Kltur hto Imtb to fiiO ai UU r«««. ut thank His
M^fnrtr far ffac caoOdaice li« kM tom^mMI I« bouur Itim wllk. 'At ibt
Uat'.- rtfUattlmUomnht 'Ob, no! It U lii luy amw tlul I «m r«cd««

A tcUcr dated Paris, Fnncc. I>eoember i3, 1779, utk :

•^ rMtonlV' afcoM 10 o'dedt In liic DioralBS, Cuont D'EstBlaf anf ml
ai raiMUlM. Ite v«ac I— rfUt«-ljr to the liaase of tbe WnlMw of Ibe
Martat. wbcrvbeaUjnf ftb»«t twA Itoart. M de fUrUae liiea caodactBd

bUa lO tht Klaif • pMtocc. Uid [ireaFulnl lilm to bb> MlUrbtf . wbo eilNtWL-d
hU rstJVMW tWfhctluD at bb cuotluct, la thv tuosi ^racloM maauer. M.
lytMrnimg la •peakloy a/Urwarda tu one of bU frtriKls of tbc irccpUoo the
ICll«hB4 clrtti Mm. said, * I net Kitti a lecepUou iDfltiliriy beyond nr
asftu.' TbU miMlait rcinark ahAWa bow ipvatljr b<- wait aflrctnl by tbr
KlOf a gWMlaMa. Meaan. de Vauilrcull anil ct« BongatDTlIti?, Captains of
•bl|Mi iti Mod*. IVKatalug** Heel, an: Jaat appointed AdmiraU.**

Tliua cloiwd H\o- |)Hrticipfltion of tbe Count in an effurt to
atfcurc fur tbe tbirteeti American coluniee politival freedom
an nn " Indepenilent Kcrlenil liepublio."

• llMilM llMiM-, roanl irtUimtot. ■•« bom al IW ChMraa tf Ihi*^. tvvi
!!• d»M ito MUtiarr proAMtaa. Md UnaliUid thr fwU W Hi4ciii>ltot.l<«wiaL H» <
laUwliailladlM,aMl«iatlaknprtMattat ilMttrff* «! itaJra*- Uo m<m «>b*«|«MUty
plMi4 I* MnDaHl uf tao Fkvadi mmW-wkt. *Hk <*Utk W luilUnl umw* Jkmm^ •■««■
lh« KaglMt In U.i> Kad- Oa lib nrtaia boaiB hu wa* iratUMrKi awl thiv«a intv ifnton at
ItataMMilh, bill MsanJtAMO.aMlla ITID r*4<vltnl Ih* kii>4aliM«l trf LtnowMal 4>*«i-r«l
ladM wm*y. Ilia arrival la Awrricm In ir>. unlku mibI •n*k*«^»« ali^vfy b*«« 4*.
MrtMi. la inn he iiiiawialiil (ho hmkIiiiiH Srvta at tfaaw aaJ »(«lu. awl mnt aiadt a
(Iruulntuf Hpahi.

In t;>; hr ■•< rir«i«4 a mFlabfT of itw Au*wM] ti Kat*W«*, a* a hlaad «•* aallpaal t^
fcfiai. )l* MMBppolBltaoaHHaatlaaianiM ^altM■t Uat**. awl U i;«l«aft AoMa
Ailnlral. I|r nu MmagljrallMhMl |n llwllHr«lflM»M.v- Ht* MmiII} Wl1ii««raifc«Qn««.
beroailax knowa. g^tr offMwa la IIm tvialallaiarf »iMkH»lit*< «ad trJ m U* a(«M« aa^
iMpriMaMnl. Ill* IkfotaM* iMUnaa; al tW tttal .•< UkiU Aal<*tiH*li' «■(• rwtlwr
•abaaa. la inNh«wattilB4iaaa*«uMlaH4priltanMnlai(tv*a« «l ■**w«ij'~ii«rt«n.

XOTK— t<*IU Ike jn» ino. Ilw c^dlal vi HMlk lanltaa w«* Lnuwn ■« IIwImIuvs
HabawjaiaUr Iba m i»a> aravpad. !■ the inwt^lag ^>awilwnt irtww the mw« wwan^
Um art«lMi ifdai^ hM bvM pnwn tO.

PART IV.

GENERAL GATES SUCCEEDS GENERAL SULLIVAN.

(JEXERAL (ILOVER'S BKIEF COM JIASI).— GENERAL GATES Alt-
KIVES IN PROVIDENCE.— THE CONWAY CABAL.- WASHING-
TON'S FEELINGS.— ARRIVAL OF GENERAL STARK.— CORKE-
SPONDENCE (tF GENERAL GATES.— TOBY RAIDS.— ASSAULTS
ON SOUT[I KINGSTOWN.- ARRIVAL OF THE UARON STEUBEN.
— COUNCILS OF WAR.— ASSAULT ON NEWPOllT CONSIDERED
INEXPEDIENT.— THE ENEMY DEPART.— GENERAL CORNELL
RESIGNS lilS COM5IISSION.

lENERAL SULLIVAX retired from the command of
the Dcp:irtiin;iit at' the Sliite of Khodc Ishmd, as
already mentioned, ynd dcpurfed from Providence to con-
duct an expedition against the Indians in western Xew
York, JIarch 21>, 177ii. (iencral Glover held the command
until April 3d, when i[ajor-Cicnoral Horatio Gates arrived
and a.ssumed the duties of a Comninnder-in-Chicf. His
headquarters were in a house hired for the purjiose belong-
ing to Judge Jcnekcs, which stood on the site now occupied
by the lioger Williams lijuik, fronting on Jlarket square.
The social attractions of the neighborhood, — the near prox-
imity to the homes of Lieutenant-Governor Bowcn, Arthur
Fenner, and AVilliam Jones, — were doubtless gratifying to
him.

17

OUK FRENCH ALLIES. 131

lived to witness the futility of the attempt and the ruin to
which the reputation of Conway and other Catilines of the
period came. The General wiis, however, warmly received,
and complimented with an elegant entertjunment.

AVashington felt keenly the course jHirsucd towards him
by the Cabal. Writing to his friend Henry Ijaiirens, he
says :

'■ I was not uiiiipprisod that a inalii^iiniit faction Imd been for some time
fonniiiK to my prejiiitice; winch, eousclous as I am of having over done
nil III Tny power to answer the important purposes of the trust reposed In
me. coiiliV not bnt fjlvo nie .-ionic pain on a pcrsoinil neeount. Itut my
cliicf coiieeni arises lYoni an apprehension of the dangerous consei|iicnces

which intestine discussions may produce to the common cause

My rnemie.s take an nn;;enerous :idvantnge of me. They know Lhe Oell-
CJiey of my ssitnution, aii<l that motives of policy deprive me of the defence
I mi^hl otherwise make against their insidious attacks. They know 1
cannot combat their inslnnations. however Injnrloiis, without dischislnfr
secret!*, which it Is of tlic utmost moment to conceal. Unt why shouhl I
expect to )>e exempt from the unfailin;; lot of an elevated citation ! Merit
iind talent'^, with which I can have no pretensions of rlvalshlp, have ever
been sntiject to il. My lieart tells me, that It has been mynnremilled aim
to di) the best that circum.stances wonld periuil."

A eorrespotidenci' on this sulyect was opened between
Wa.<hin.irton and (Jenerals (iixiva and Conway. The letters
of the ftu'iner were frank luid dignified as became his |)osi-
tion; but whatever may have been his opinion of the parties
addressed, he never sought to undermine the reputation of
either, nor did he permit personal feeling to afl'eet his official
intercourse. Differences of opinion are entertained in regard
to the cotmeetion which (Jenertd (Jates held with the Cabal,
and it ap[)curs ipiite eerlain thtit its latent purpose was dis-
covered and revealed before its plan.s were fairly crystallized.
Sparks says : ''That a fiictious spirit prevailed in Congress
and the anny, that this spirit was fomented by a few intrigu-
ing persons, and that a small party, at least, entertained
views hostile to the Conunandcr-in-(.'hicf, caimot he doubted.
But in my opinion there is not sufticicnt evidence to prove

OtTl FBKNrn ALLIES.

1S8

In manners Gcoeml Gates was ttfTitblo, »ud in conversation
interesting. Ili.s lir:i(1quiirlcrs liruig In the vicinity of the
hnrber's shop, visltwl tliiily by leading gentlemen of the
town, it wus Lis iiraeticc, whenever he receivoil letters con^
tiiiniag inrorniiitiun Hlluwalile to Ih> made known, to send
them to the shop for their penisaO. These and other cour-
tesies gnined for him Hivorabfo eonsideration while in com-
nmnd of the Khode Inland de[Mirlment. On hi* nrrivu] in
Providence, Newport was still in possession of the British,
the navnl foiTps of the enemy held contifil of Long Island
Sonnd. and the vulnerable points of tlie coast line of the
Stjite were liable to iiKSHtilt al any nionieni. In view of pos-
sibilities, General Gates kt-t>t a watchful eye upon the foe,
and actively co-operated with the Council of War in all
meaciures eah-nlated to ensure safety to an exposed popula-
tion. CoimciU of war were fn^qiiont. At one held May
20. I77lt, at whii'h was present Generals Galea and Stark,
liieiilrnant-Governor IJowcn, Colonels Sheppanl and Nose,
and Lieutenant-Colonels Sprout and AVaitl, a case then
netcd ii])on is thus related :

■•Th« OfBcral upou represenilDK tlie character and clrcumaiances of
G«orgr Smllh, liHc » (npuln tii I'oloiirl Vow'k rrglmrnt, fxrincrly » ile-
serier from the ItrUI<ih army; ii-f|iiest<-d the opinion of the Council what
wtL'* iniriiolmtf'ljr t>rii|>cr ami iw-ci-^t^ry lo bir don*.* ivilh Itio Milil (iiiorfi^
Sniltli, ms he juflgtrd It Iit](li1y Hnn^-i'ouM tn the public M>rTlcv to HiiflVrr tlin
Mill Smitli \** rvinnln a) nn Hdript-ed IVmi so iienr iliv enemies lines ; Knd
marc cspccinlly su, oih^ldurlua ttie couui-ctluu Iil' Iiiu madu with a woiuau
or bnd rcpntflilun laU-ly Ecut ftum Newport by the ravuiy.

"The Council are iinaiitnioii^ly of opinion tliMt Cioorgc Smith, Iat« Cap-
tttn In Colonel Vosc's regiiacnl, he Itnmcdlfttcly ordcri'd 10 retire at least
forty miles flx»ni rrovhU-iire nr any «f Ui« PudU lu tlitt Stntv. Tlmt unless
hu eotnpUuet with this order, he be spprehendod and sent prlitouer to Cukco
Bay, there to lukt: bU trial Tor tJie blj^smy be Im accused of."

General Stark, who had distinguished himself at Benning-
ton, and served under GatuK ut .Samtoga, aiTived m Provi-
dence, April sI'Jd, (o take the eouuimiul vanited by General
Vuniuiu. At the time the Uritish withdrew from Newport

134

RnODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTIOS.

be was Btiitiunud iit TivcHuii, iind the muriiiiig following
their departure i-roased over to lUe islnnd ami took posses-
siDii nl* the town.

In Mhv n mid was iiiitdi.* iijion Voint tluditli hy ii l>ody of
Tories from Uliodo Island, who robhed the fiinuers of a
hirgo niimlHir of sheep and cntOo. In the »imi> roonlh
South Kingstown was lussuiled hy » jwirtj'.ctf Hritish who
landm^l from u tlL'ut of nini' ve».M,^l^, then uiidviiig depit'da-
tiohB ulon<r the foitsl wherever o]>|Hirtuiiity udijrdM). Aflov
biiniiii^ a hounc. lohhiii'r t»(» others, :md iii.-ikitifr several
prisoners, thoy wne driven uH', Hnd one of their sllM)]^^^ cnp-
tiired. AnothcM' foniju^iiig mid un IVnit Judith wns mnde in
June following, which was repnlt^ed Wy Colonel Jaekson ;
hnt not di!»in:iyed. they, tlic next day, Inndcd in South Kinir*-
town, und Imrnl two houses. «»

The de])!irture of fiencnd (iloverV hrigade for the main
«rmy, early in «Iuly, weakened inaler'ially the defenKivc
power of (ieneiiil (iiites. who exeiled hiuiticif vij.'xirously to
<teenre ii riiitlieieiit minilier of tifMijis to till it.-^ plaet;, and thns
he iu readine** lor any emergency ; but subwtjuentty from the
date of (ieneral (tiover*8 departure to (he terminatimi of the
official dntcs of <iettenil (iates in Ithode Island, no military
movement of s]>ueiHl iniportuiiee took plaee. Early in
November, havlnif licen in (lie Slate seven wunthtf, he wa.s
failed to active service with the jTrand army. :tnd wa** suc-
ceeded by (ieneral Kzekiel tVirnell, who hei<l the command
until May, 1780. when be resigned his commlttition, and wax
elected by the Geneml Aswnildy a nnMiiber of Congress in
place nf Kx-Covernor Stephen ni)])kin>, no election having
been made by the people.*

From the eorresiiondeneo of General Gates while in
Providence, the following exiraetj) and memoranda are
made :

•Am*-, p. 10, u>i«.

I

OUR FKESCH ALLIES. 135

" PiiO\'iDESCK, April 5, 1779.

" I am informfd by Colonel Proud, of Tiverton, that tcu sails of buihII
vessels, mostly sloops and schooners, have nppenred off Bedford and Fal-
montti, :ind are snpposcd to he Intended to plunder Natitncket, flndlng
they would meet with too nincli oppOHilioii iit either of the other places.
But this has tiie appearance of a feint, to divert our attention ftom the
main deslyn. I have in consequence written to the Council of Massachu-
setts Bfiy, and endeavored to prevail on thein to stlimiktc the good aul»-
je<:ts of their government to be ready at the shortest notice to defeat any
inviLoion of these States. I have also recommended the immediate re-es-
tahlishment of the lieacons hetwecn this and Boston, and I wish Your
Kxoeilency would ilirect the same to he done from the tjouudary between
Connecticut iind this State, upon proper lieltrhLs aloHR the south side of

yonr coast I fore.saw this in May last, and I did all lu my

power to |»revent it. Wh<ni will it please God to banish inordinate ava-
rice and all it.-i haneflil effects from this our earth? I am with every senti-
ment of esteem and respect,

" I'our Kxcellency's most ol)odieiit, humble servant.

"H. G.

"To Uis Exfeilenoy Govenmr Trumbutl."

" i'ltoviDENCK, April 12, 1779.
"The troops arc nneasy for want of their pay, being upwards of five
months in arrears. Tlic Paymaster-General's deputy has been gone more
than a month to Philadelphia to get money.
" r am, Sir, &c.,

"11. G.
"To General VVashinglon."

" PitoviDKNTE, April 13, 177a.
" I have this moment received the enclosed iVom General Cornell. I
entreat you to immediately detach a re i-n for cement to sustain the post
attacked, the instant you are certain that event has taken place. You will
likewise serve our country ijy immediately giving the earliest intelligence
of the enemy's movements.

" I am, Sir, yonr alTectionatc humlile servant,

" 11. G.
" To Colonel Greene."

'■ Pkoviiiksce. April 16, 1779.
"I have Just received your letter of l.>th. I entirely approve of your
ordei'in^ one-fourlh part of the militia of Little Conipton Immediately on
duty, and I sliall instantly dispatch an express to Boston to hasten them
in replacing tlieir militia, whose term of service has expired, and request
a further reOuforcement for thb guard of the eastern coast I

IJM KRODE (JlLAXD IX THE RErOLCTIOy.

tfMff* jtm win dlrmt Uentuuat Cbftpin to Hiz« the M^roes od tbcir re-
tan fttMk KtftFpon, anti March tbem to their skim, and flnnber rcob-
mmhI It lo hin lA Mud Ibctn ia 50a with aor ta^peclcd pcnoiu be ataj M
mrr ll»* apprHMMl for ei»n'.aatin«.

"I an, ie.,
"To Brtfwlkr-G«M:nil CoreelL*

"H.G.

" PKOnDEXCE, April I». ITT>-

.... "C-olftarltruy'i a»d folonrt T'>phaiD'»«¥io»«w**'« "'**«'
■ardtakcf^dm trt rhiafnrr* tb« p'^t* btlow. There are. Ifae Cokmd
MWWJ mr. MM fn4ir liaDdrrd tsro fogajctd in tboM repoMslA. I (-hall
«M} Mm9 mBmt* ia pTii'rjni'Mi I0 tnea on dalj. The rest «f tbe oiIEc«ff

AkO l««Wl3« V> T^htTBtl. . . .

"I um. Sir. T^Ar affhclVioale liamble MTraat.

"H.G.

'- Pii^rtTKESCS. April 55. ]TT9.
■ . . . " ] iklud] iiiiitiM!liiLl4'lr f'T^fr OvntTMii Giorer'*- loi^ade ^■o Ik- in
nwaUirM tf KiBWli m ilif •'Vftl^*.! iKrtire. VufttnaiiilrfT Sot ovt 9»Scij:,
TMSt Hktir-lk-iif? k« B« mutli il^r-i iifd n* 1 am di«(if>jiu]xil«d. ia tbe imiiiber
n$M-WtO to tit- rttlMid f'T ihc difruf^- fil UiK Stale Seitlier ProTideace,
HjHwwkiiwilA, bt'i * ^'jiitiHCtirui ik 11] fur muij tnontlH- nilw axr boiuInt
^hhvi iKln^uaV t" 1 >>•' )iur|»Mf uf 0*- ft- nil i us rrtm l^U Stale aloue. . . -
4tmii»«rtkrul lia> ii"ur tn^liiiis N ■LMtat-bUMftlh ku> rtdittd cott rti^BHxit to
br raitwid fur tiu* jr.ut TUi* Kiua^- ItHvr urdimd tltelr R:«iiiK«t# i»f arUl-
ivrf Htidlibr ittti Slku- rtTHtit'iit* tt> l« t-oilHidlwl. btn nbcsi tbeae three
mOi m)£kr ti'to mvu ltwti!H(l vT IMXi, iht-lr pnifi^ ynuLa. te ■•« nnuBXala an
1i» t»vltat>Uti^ tif tlwl vwaa Ifi rt'nitit«. 'VThauafr Ttinr ExiMiIlfury''F
a)4n» tiiB) bt' Llirt «|iii|i bt- ii|iu«^.uilI1,v titM'yurl. ul tlit' Kanif timt- dutr Itidt-
tur tti rtifirtwrnil ibt- tru*- MtHU' of our ufftiir^ aiicl t^ii'mih ii fiii:irf1.T i.c< tout
wMliilli bti« Mit U-iH>t>*- iLi'i Ic Ik' OmjxtHi-J tii Uic tic^I udviittLu^t- l.ir ou'
^>lttini1 iLrft'iii'i ....

" 1 bnir llir IxtHiii in Ix' WiUi rrt^ui rMjictn.. Sir.

■■K.Li.
'■ I'd OinH'nU Wukiliiiii^iu '"

■■ri!i'nM;\..i. Ajirl; ."■■■. ]"7i>.

•■ Tlit-ri' iia». lift'ii iw;> luuiiiiio ilii^ii' 1'i« i1iia> i-int-r I'rcnd- fdit***-
t)umit>i^ (if uiKiltH-r. >fii.! ui leu-! iliriT luiii.lri'J !mr:ctf- fl.iiir 10 jiihi't
Uir tnmju. tin ilx- ili>iiuiii iiin! iiiort u- •.;>;■! »?■ vf.i; ctiii

■■To Mi^^iiiT-CioiirruJ ll>-ii;L "

• Pi! viM-.v.-i. X:;^ 4 :~!-.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 137

.1?) Onlfrf'irn CrvUr.

" Phovidesck, May 4, 1779.
" SiH : — You will proceed with the ship FrlendHlilp under your coniinnncl
to the liarlior of Newport, where you will do your utmoHt with the seamen
uu<1 troopn under your lUrccllon to mnke capture of Ills Brltunulc Moj-
esty's whip Keuown. When you have effected that service yoii will use
your owu dlscretlou, to carry yonr prize either to Boston, New London, or
to I'awtiixct. I recommend it to yon to dl8emban|ue yonr prisoners the
instant you have leisure and a good opportunity offers to land them at a
proper place for their being secured and marched under a j;uard to I'rovi-
dencc.

"H. n."

'■ Pnnvii)K\CK. July 20, 177!t.
" Detlcleut clothing. Troops suffer for shoes,"

" Mr. Wiuslow permitted Uy (it-ncral Prescott to have an interview with
his son u]>on the south end of Prudence Island, Thursday inonilug at 7
o'clock. ■'

'• Providf.xck. July 3, 177it.
" (General Glover onlered to march without delay to Join tnaln army,
lo proceed to Flshkill."

'■ Psovii»KNfK. July 10 and II, 1779.
•• Powder needed :ind military >tores : has uo ammunition ; flfly borrels
powder neetleil."

•■ Pr()Viiiknck, L'Oth July, 177S,
"SiR: — In obedien<-e to the onlers of Congre!*s I armed and fitted the
Moop Argo for sea. ami i:avc tin- command to Llenlenanl-Colonel Silas
Talbot, He is ju^t returned from ,i -uccessful cruise azain>t the enemy.
InclosL-d Is his letter to me from Bedford. The shxtp i* >ince arrived at
Provhience, where "he Is rcBtilnz with all posititde cx)*e<lltion. Much
honor is due to Colonel TalV>t. ami his officers and seamen for their gal-
lant behavior.

•-I am. Sir, ic

■■11 <i.
'• His Ex. John Jay. ■

TtilKot's -iie.-r-.> id ill.- ArL"» -^^ greatly :ilaniic-<l iht'- oneniy.
and s(» iwriicularU' ■ii-firU*-! tht; t^ijuiiiiiuiity <il' tlic Ti>ri<::s lu

I!i8

RHODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLUTIOX.

Newport, that with the aid of the Urllish a icssel culled the
King (icorge wan filled out to eniiac for his (-nptiti'c. The
latter fell in with him hctwcen Nantiicbot and New York,
and ill the euntest Talhot )H>caiut> the victor. This wsii* the
oniisc and victory referred to in the preceding letter, eon-
oeming which llio late vencrahle John ITowland used to
rulate the following Jineedote :

" Vvry erirly one moniiiig. as I wbs passIdk towards llio Market lioui»e,
there were bin two men to he Mseii in the Birert, \)r. Kplirnlm Bowen sud
3fr. John Jciickvs, who wuro twu of the PiirlltHt riHern in the lowti. ThCf
Wf^re NUUdiiiK iMfrelhei- in Uic inidilh- of tin- .Htrpi-t. A» I wiii pa-^alii" In
tltti r<rar oT tin-in, (icneral (Jalcs opviiod Hie chamber irlnclnw uf \iW head*
iinartera on the east side or the street, with bin oM lelvei. iilslit-<;np un,
anil xald, 'GuikI inorLiIutf. vfutieiuon." They buDi aiisirorvd, 'Good
uiorDhig, Gi'iiersl. (.'ood moniini;, Gt'iR-nd." Thi^ General snhl, ' wc liuvc
good aevra.' 'Alt, whnt U It,' ihay holli Itiiiulrrd. The Ceiicrnl f>n(d ivUii
« strong voice, ■ TaHtot has taken the King Gcor<*c.' ' Has ho? ' tht-y Miid
with Talc^'« cqilAlIy »lniiiK, at the xnniiu lime nilvniicing ni-arer to the GcH-
trvVn hoiioe. The (Jencr.'ii wiiil. * I recwirt-d n letter Ittst night front Ta].
bot, llt> liB>i Bot her iinfe Into New Hedford aft«r n severe nctlon.* * That
h ^uod itwrsindcctl,' they r(.-p11e(l. 1 fiir^-ad tlie m-ns thnnigh the ncijih*
borhooU. mid lo evcrj- piLsstr-hy, with {jf*^'' plea.-inre, ns I heard It n-om
the General hlmnelf. That day hut little H'ork na» done. Joy wiL^ <tltni<ie(l
throut:h the ton-n. rcojtlc left their work to talk nbuui it as nuicli as it n
j^reat victory had t>ccii obtalneO by our army."*

June 7, 177!), the town uppointed n conniiittee to wait
upon (tciK'nil (tiites mid iXMineRt him to diraet tliiit linttuhle
Imrracks In^ hintl. nt ilie expense of tlic coiiti|ieiit. for the
troops in ease any »liall he liarnicked in this town next win-
ter, and also that hi' "direct that the AVnrU lloiise wfiich has
been improved (lie tvinlyr p)i(>t ftjr l>arracks and damaged
thereby, he re|Hiired at tho general expense."

AintlVAL OF RAKON RTRUBRN.

In AngHsl, 1779, Baron Steuben, Inspector-General of
tlie United States army, arrived in Providence on an official
tour to inspect the thorps of (Jenernl Gatfltt. The system of
tactics which he had introduced into the regular army was

* Ltfe oT Uowbucl. w- U aiiJ U.

OFB FHESCH ALLIES.

lX!t

n<1optccl in the drill of thn tntlitm, and it i;* prulmhle ttint
this system was piii-siiod hy tlio Warren t'oinpany, iindt-i- the
oixlcr for pnn.'tii.-t' isKued by Goiieral Gates. The Baron's
methocl (if iiispi'*nioii was na follows : The ti-oaps weiv
paraded Irt a sliiiirlc- line, with sh(nihlcix-il iiniis. every officer
in \iU jNirlienltit- station. Thu Barun lirKt reviewed tho line in
this portilioii. passing in front wilh a serntinizinjr eye; after
which he took in hi.-* Imnds the nnnikel and a<-c(»i]trenionts
of every noldier. exiuniiiin» them with particular auetiracy
and ]>recision, upphiudin<<: or eondemnin<f, uccor({in<; to the
ennditiori in which he found thcni. lU'. n-i|uircd that the
muskets and liaynneLs shouhl exhilnl the hrig'Ulcsl polish;
nut a »pot of rtisl ur a defect on any paii eould chide his
vi»ilanri'. lie also inipiired into the (-(indui't of the ofti4'erH
towai-d-s iht> rnen, f-ensnring every faiill and applantling
every meritorious aetion. Next he reiiuircd of the siirfreon
a list uf the tiiek* with a partienlur Ptalernenl of their
aceomniodaltoni* and niodc of ti-ealment, and even visited
Homc of thcni.* Of the pn>grc&s of the niunual exciviKO
under thin s^'ittem the Bawn was cxce^'dinpty prnutl, tind
repelled with e<lron<; indi<fnalion any intimalimi of ineapadty
on the pari of his •rreat artny of military pupils to aefpiirc
exactness in their motions. His work, of which three thoii-
ttand copie* wtin- printed, was plaecd in the hands of officers
Ihrou^houl the anny, so that iniproieniont was simultane-
ously heing made in i.-very inilitmy dvj)artinent. Seldom
was a u'ork eompo^ed in such & manner as (his. Every
ohnpter was first i-oughly written in tJorman, then translated
into had French, then pnL into •;ood Freneli, hy Colonel
FIciiry, one of the llnron'a suli-inspcetors, translated a;fidn
into had Kn;jlish hy Dufioneeaii. the seei-eljiry of Steuben,
aflerwards written in ;;Hod Kn^lish hy Captain AValker, n
memlier of his miliiiiry family ; and when all this was eom-
plctcd, the Uui'on did not iindei-»laiid a wuitl of it luni^elf,

■ illUlctHT.

14f>

RHODE rSLAKD tV THE REVOLtTloy.

from liiii t^ornncc, at tbnt time, of the £nji;1i8h Inn^mge.
IJU coufideiice in Ills assistants, however, cnusud bim to pro-
coed sufcessfiiUy nmid nil ihos*' troubles.*

Hnving: <-oin|)lele<l his in.si>ection of troops in Rhode
Island, tlio IJanm went to llarttbnl to join the nuwiy arrived
French minister, M. de hi Luzcmo, whom he had known in
Paris, aud pmcuede*! "ith him to Fisltkill. iiherc they met
Wiir^hingtoii. who liail already iirnved tlicrc to rctrcive the
reprosentAtivc of I^nis XVI.

The pay of Ilaron Steuben, when he took a ooniiuand in
the .\nionean army, was fixed by ('onjjre^3 at two thousand
dolhirs per uuiiiini ; but fwiitl nfleii in a depreciated euri-ency,
t}uit 61ID1 fell far hhoit of defraying.' hi^i oxpeiwes. lie iras
nlniotit roiistantly <Tii?iiped in Ins (iinmecs, and lurt unfre-
quently iM;ri>Iexc<i in ujakiufr provision for his table in a
inanner suited to his rank. To reciproeaCe the social cour-
tesies of his bixiUier ofKet-rs, and to i-ender nasistnnce to
fricndti not less in want than himself, be partet] M~ith his sil-
ver plftle and wnteh, and even pledged his favorite horse
for :i sum siillieioit to supply pressing needs. So heavy
Wiin the pressure upon him lliat he wm.s eom|>c1U*d to iiRk
Congress either to inercaso bis pny or to dismiss him. As an
intended reHcf, (.'ungress atlowe^l him two hundred iind tifty
Louisdors (at ^11.88) (o ivimbnrse bis expenses in earning to
America. ])aid in bilU of exdiange wliich he negotiated at
forty fwreeiit. diseount. When lie Connie to i'rovidenirc, ho
was destitute uf means to <lefray liis extra exj><jn»cs, and a
sufficient (<um wa^ ndvaiieed (o hitn by AVnshingtoii.

The triK»p« i|nai1eretl in the town having annoyed many of
the iidiabilants by Ire^imssing (Hi tlietr gardens, orebards,
and corntielda, a niemoriid wus prepared by the lown coun-
cil. Angunt ;t, 1770, and presented to General Cxjvtcs, cidling
his attention to Itie evil, and ^olieiting the interposition of
his authority lo prevent its eontiniimiee. They suggested

* Kiii|iii'b l.irii uT SleaLaTii, |>. -ilL

OTTR FRENPH AU.IEfl.

141

"That the proper officors maybe directed to see that the
troops iiro snpplie<l with polatoes, tuniips, rom, or other
vogetahlcs. so thut ihc troops may he under no necessity of
taking tbusu articlua iiidiscrmiiiiiitely t'lvui tlic gai-dotxs and
fivVU of the inhahitiints, xvhereby great tva»tc is made, indi-
vidiinls greatly injiired and distressed, and the army in gen-
eral not Ko comfortable lus if supplied in a regular channel ;"
and further be^eechin;^ Hi^i Honor "to issue the nocessaiy
orders for preventing the soldiers jroing, without proper
cause, into the <^ardens, tields or eiulosurea of the inhabit-
ants, in order that the mishaps before mentioned may be
prevented, and that the oi-dera for this purpose Im? published
in the nfru-sp(ip«^rs, tlmt they, lu well as the inhabitants, may
be inforiuud thereof." * Arthur Fenner, Ksq.. Captain Paul
Allen, and Captain David Lawrence were appointed a com-
mittee to «-ait upon Uenend Gates, with the memorial, and
to confer with him upon the subject. How eifoctive this
memnrial proved, tlie records do not show.

When, early in October, 17751, appearances indicated that
Newport tvould soon be exarinited. liio (Jeiienil on the Kith
of that month held a eouneit with his olHeers. and desii*cd
their opinion, whether in the present situation and circum-
staneeci of IiIh urmy it was praotieable "to make a landinf;
upon Ulioile Island, imd j^dn any considerable advantage
over the enemy ^utliciently to eouipensate fur the rissk and
proiuible <lt!4udvanla>^eH that the town and surnninding
coiuitry miglit sustain thereby.** The eonncil consisted of
OenciuU IJatcs and Stark, Colonel Sherburne, Colonel
Jm-kson. f"oh)nel Klliot, Colonel Tyler, hieutenant-Colonel
Pock, Lieutenant-Colonel Cobb, Major lIuntin<;1on, Major
Tyler. Major Tresrot, and Major Lyman. After maturely
considering the question, it wiis unanimously derided not to
tmake the attempt. This decision was probably inllueuced
by a regard for the inhahitantd of N'ewport, saving them

■ 1 uiiueU Uho«4«, 177*

142

ltHC»[>E ISLAND UC TUT. ItF-VOH'TIOK.

from ()k> destructive etl'uet«> of au as&aiilt upnti the town,
»nd from fiiHlicr (l<;|>rcdations of (he eiieuiy. IL seemed
tiai-dly woi-tli while 1o eh:ike the tre« when the I'niit was ri[)0
aud ifa<)j.' tu fall.

After tlie evariintHin, (ttueml (tales decidt-d In destroy
the defencM lhii>wu ii|) and »o loii;^ held by the enemy, hut
(ipou eMiiniuiiig thciii ho found the underLnkiii^ more foriiiid-
nlile thun ho liiid supposed. On ib'ia subject he thus wratc

TO UKKKtCAl. W.tKHlN01v>'.-

'■ fHoviDKsrr, Siitt ftctober, K7J.

"StB: — Attvr tjikiiifi ail i-xnct vii'w tjf the wnrkit Ihc ftit-niy ^^^tc■^ed lo
tlie uortliwurtl nmiI cnotmutl of NVrtport, I ftiitt It wtIL hp ii iiincli Itpuvler
plfce of labor lo ilvfllroy llieiu thiiii I liiiUKiiKvl vi !ieu 1 Bvt wroie tu Vour ■
Kxc«llency. I biivv ctii.-n'fori.- curui.->tl.v sullcltcit llic GHvcnior iiml h^s
eouucil tu givu mi! kucIi ii.-^>4l.-<L;iiir<< ii;* rlie SMtv r.nii hi- prcvnllcil on tu
affbrd, toward ctr^ctiti^ liic lU-stiTii-lioii Vour KxctllMify lift* so Jiidl-
cioni'lf rccoDUiu-ndcd: uikhi tc>tiiiniiiili:iitliiK Hi-il |»in of yntir Icllor to tbe
GoifcrDiir, luid » xdi-ut fnv uf Iii» couiicU, 1 Had Uiom tjxtromrly uvme to
pnrlluK wllb ttny of tliv Slate troupii nt pruseut; iind are no poIdUkI In
tlivir objection!^, tliiit I ?liall drfiT Uiiiiklng of n-moviiij; itieui, iiutil I re-
ceive yoiii nirtlicr couiitiiimls. Nothlii}:. titdtfd, ttiil lhi> liuiiipdlatc
arriVHl of ihc flft-r of our allle-s, winild inAkc it prudent dln^ctly tn mnrcli
any of ilte cr^iops uiil of thi.<t Stnte. as It too |>!.ilnly ii|i|it:Ar<i, liy Uic riinn-
iicr NVnpoi't linn liffii <-v:u-tinted. tlint Geiici-iil niiilnii Iimk by im niPAnn
lout sight of lEhoik' I^!nlld, or entirely renounced Ids pn-lcnsionB there : —
Other clrcnin»tauce« not only Induce, but In n desrce conflrni this opinion ;
I ttliull not, tliurefiipi'. remove atiy of tiiv troops iVuiu tbis State, iiniil I
receive Your Kxr^llency's pnrtif^iiUr dlrecUoiis npnn that head, or, onttl I
see a Biifllclent M|nndron nf yn-nob ships of ivnr to convoy tho anny to
tlie post asslKoed for their ilcbarkatioii. In tbe clrcnmKtaiice of the har-
lK>r of Newport i)uiiia uecnred by the orrhal of the fleet of our liii;Ii iiUies,
thu objccllnii of the uoveniment of this Stale to tlie removal ortbeubiile
of the nmiy to tlm n-e»twiird will viitiljih : and I dotibl not of Your Excel*
Icncy's being fnrllicr rei-nfon-ed by inilitia fVoni hence, 1 ani conltdenl
Yiiur Kxrrlli'itrj'H enndor nill eonviiK-e jon that I kIijiI] cniitinue to i.-xrTt
my utmost nbURIes, with Ihe iiio»t beconilnj; 7,(iil, fnr tb.- hi-nellt of the
public Bervlce.

"I nin tlilx moment i»U-ppIn£ Iido ilie boat u> lettini lo New port, hitvlim
left It the day before yesterday lo remove my (mpem, etc.. tliUlier. I shall
write again directly from iheoc-c. It would be rl^jht now that Gi-neral

OUR FRKNCir ALLIES. 1451

Gretue should place his liitntioiu-d exprcssus in tlie rornl iinmcdlutely leud-
Iny ft-om Little ReHt to North KiiiKstoii, where I shall fix a whale boat
ruatly to bring them to Newport."*

A prominent evil that presented itself to the obsciration
of General (Jatcs, and whieli hud been faniilinr to Iiis prede-
cessor, was the exorbitiint prices at whieh all articles neccs-
sjiry for tlie subsistence of an army were lield by persons
having tlicni for sale. ^\'ith many, cnitidity was stronger
tlian ])atri()tisni, and how to remedy Ihe evil was a (jncstion
that tested th<^ ability of the most inHiiential jmhlic men.
An effort in that direction was made by the General through
the following

CIIIIL'I.AH.

" !Ikai>(}1'ai(TKIis, rnoviiiExcK, September 1"», 1773.

"Viirioua methods have been adopted by the several States in nur
iriiloii to reduce the exorbitant priee^, lately exacted lunon^Ht us. Tor all
nrtlfles of merchandise, as well as labor, on account of the confliderable
emlsslon» of continental billw of credit, which circnmstanccs h.ivc made
it liidlspeiisalily necessary tii issue for the defence of onr natural ri^thtn.

"Those Hidntary nien.sures have {jivcn onr enemies jnst enuse to fear
that their incessant endciivors to increase onr dittlcnltles, by circulating
hills of onr currency, counterfeited to that etfect by order of tlielr Kinj;,
and by cniployin,!; emissaries to raise the price of all sorta of goods to
a stnpondiin.i) liuii^lit, in consequence of their extravagant biddings at our
jiiiblic auctions, would, at last, pnive fruitless.

" It is now discovered, tinit, nearly despairing of reducing us to u gen-
eraninukrnptcy, Ihey Ijave, as ilieir last resource, sent spies of another
Icind to every one of tlie I'nited .Stales; and that such spies, pretending
that thoy have come frtmi this or that part of our territories, arc audacious
enough to uisinunte ' lliat llie plan of reduction never will titlie place, and
that It is forcibly opposed ' nt On- jilure they come from ; and, unfortunately
for us, they are but too well assistcil in lliuse wiclced efforts to ruin us. by
the extortioners of i-very denomination.

"Such artlUces tending to destroy, throughout the I'nited States, the
l^nerou? and wise system of rediictlun, which legal publications demon-
strate to lie generally supported : I DO therefure hereby command all
officers and others, .serving in the army of the I'nited States of America
within this department, and the lines of tlie several posts of the division
of the army uiuUt my command, to apprehend any person who shall be

•liutr^ luiprri', N. V. Diet. XK.

OUR FRENCH AIXIES. 145

A THIRD EXPEDITION.

GENERAL GATES AND A THIRD EXPEDITION. — COLONEL
ItOWEN TO GENERAL (JltEENE.— ACTION OP GOVERNOR
TRUMBULL.— PLAN OF A THIRD EXPEDITION ARANDONED.—
NEWl-OItT EVACUATED, -r PROCLAMATION OV GOVERNOR
GREENE.— GENERAL GREENE'S VIEW.— LETTER FROM GOV-
ERNOR GREENE TO WASHINGTON.

^jT nppcjii^ hy the following letler from the Dcpiity-
(^ Qimrtermastei-Ciencral , Colonel Kphniiin llowon , to
(tcnerul Cjreene, tliut :i third expedition to Ithodc Island
WHS contciiipliited by Gcncnd Gates, to be supported hy
I)'K.stiiing :

TU (iKNKKAI, N.\Tn.lNAF:t. OIlRKNIi:.

" Proviihskck, June 8, 1773.

" EHTKKMKr> GK\Kn.\L.—- 1 scikI you by Captain Willinni Tew my
ACCotiiitN for tlic tnst iiioiitli, whicli is vcrj' small returns Tor stores on hand,
and men employed Tor tlie i)rcseiit month. I have dismissed iill that I
could possllity ffpiirc. The llNt Is yet large, but when you consider our
extensive shore, I dare say you'll think tliey arc all needed,

" General Gates ordered me to semi a person to you with orders to wait
for cash. I have sent (Japtain Tew, who acts as Brigade Quartcminster
to General Stark. If you have not the money by yon please to send him
to Philadelphia to wait there, aa the consequences would be disagreeable
if he should return without any, — I mean ft-om General Gates.

"It Is astonistdug to see the depreciation of -the currency. Never did
It tall BO fast as at this time. A carpenter cannot be hired for less than
flfleen to eighteen dollars per day, and all other labour In proportion.
Carting, fVom twenty sliillings to twenty-four Khilllngs per mile and ton.
In Hhort, I will refer you to (,'aptain Tew and Captain Llttletleld for par*
tlcular Information. Mr. Olncy will return In about ten days from tliU
time.

" I have onlers from the General to provide for another expedition to

t8

OUR PRKNCH AI.UBS.

147

Rh<Kte LtlMUl. fic expecb CoddI D'BsMng liere In twenty dayH. I .ihiill
be In A poor coiidillon fur jui expuditlou with coah n« poor ns U ii.

"I am, with gratiludf,

" de&r GcD«rnl, Yours, &e.,

CA-t^.

5^&t,^tfa.n/

Al ivliiit Unic iTUuiuiuiiu'iiLioii iimy liavc Kdch hr}<\ byOoti-
enil Giitos willi llic yrcnt-li Ailmiral, on tliis aiilijoct, tlicro
Am no jircsciit itirnnf) of kni)uin<^. The plHn of lui c.XJH^<H-
liun appcnrit, hownvcr, ta hnvo boon iniiNiTted to Governor
JoiMithan Tnimbiill, of Connect icul. wlio evidently foil
uiitliori?:e(I to net uflieially in Iho uatso, ntid nlti>,Th'ith liU
ueeufttomcd j>ron3ptness, took nicanures to siijiport the
Uiuveuetit.* A cull for four thousand nulitJa was made in

• JuiMdiaii Tniinbiitl wu <lMM>n(k<d from Joha Tmmhtr. (m IM liaMi«< «m *tv)l**l milil

t;m,) wliu vninr fTwni (~iimli<Tlari<leviint,v, KnK'*"*'' *"** •■lllrri In Kuwk-r, KjiM'X «iii»l]r,

MaiWMlitiivlti>, liVt<K(. The I'allKr. Jn4r|ih, Mtllnl lii LrUaiirui. (.'intii.. ndirn.' Ibi- iiil^ivl

L Df ikU li'ithT Wii* li'ntii. .Inm- III, 17 111. Hr Piilpr«>l lliinani ■ 'i)li.'f[r Hi IIh' B|[v i>r tlltrtfTR

I yr4r«, ■nil ciiuliialiil nltti Till liiincir> V ■ (cliglkr. llr ■Iiiilhil illtliilly, war llrpii>«l ta

pri>Brli, •ilArtiiliil tai a aluHl liini>, l)i<-ii hIuiIIhI !■«, am! nnt-manli i-iijEtisnl In bii>>r>ru M

a iiteKliniit. lie touk * |>Ti>iiiiiK'iil part In publk ftflltin, un' a iiK-inUrr of Iliv IrjrUUlitrr.

Limlrnanl-tiuirftiiiir of llic 8laU' hi ITiXi, uiM ttv>t-niar IVriiii iTifl lu ITi^t. lie «■> a J>-

valot fMlrlol, bihI riilmnt ardcattji hitu all vlic inpanut** far M<ur>ii|; a Nalloual IihIt'

pafiilitMc. iiortrnon roott' »od lireePf, cf Kliudc liUnil, fnuiiO in lilni a rekilx ami valu.

■Mff maiilutor. lie rrcvUcd fKim Vale ''ollc^ aiul fnmt tin- I'ulvi-rd)* uf Killnburgli IIm

d»Kr»« of !.(» |). WitihliiKton lilglili 'nliMd bli Judinnml, ktnl I* iv]hmii-4 •• taylitf, Im

AMbdlil <••«,*' Lrt iW4«p KlMt nrnfXtr JontdkfH ttiy*:~ ■ MlirliiuH lunjciUite anil m til

^amjitofvil ta |Mn0id(^iii|[ tW I'nilnl siai{«.

Utttnnt TruBibulI imirrlnl FaiUi Bobliuon, diintlitiT of Rtv. Joliu KoMiiKta, ut Imix-
jjhirj. SlaaaaeliDiclt*, uihI Krral.KnirHUanKbIrr urlI<'v..T<iliii Ki>biiiwi». wtin inw liU Uc«»i
Amji aiMl «!«> mintiM-l lii tlu- \jryt\rm jitlxrlin banil nhi'ii llii-y •*( oiil li> (li»l a bulitr la lb«
WnUrn Worlil, Id tlili rftmvd nomon lir found, lu rrtrry (incripucT of Itic t(ir«utiiil<ni,
B tii>l|i-ID«vl, patrlntk and pnorgutic u lilnucir,— rmily iit all llinra (u tai'Hl1n< riur aniJ
(iilKtanc* In lapporl of n hHr<l-|>rT>*r<l. lioly ruuH. lu IUiiMr«Ti<iii vf Itii'ttrlianirlrTtttlin,
tlw Tiilluwlnit IncUi'tit Urrlarnl. It waartiilumary In i 'oiinrctirul, i1urii>K llu- war, In t>k«
, 'HP nmtrllitiltonii In ilK-irliurrliEi fur tiir bi-iiHIl of tlic cuntliwntal arm;. Ibiw cuitilttrt)
rrtf Wli*UT*rlbp«>atribiii>>r«h«lw#p(ire,— momiy.jMrrlrT.rl'jUilnr. itTiJfiwifi.tio. "I 1-10
BM- iiiHi iicriukiii In I^lniioii Mn-lliij(>llouM-, afli-r imllcc flvrD Itial ikn>lliT()nu«oulitbc
lakcB tot ilkr Mihtit-rt, Mailnia b'aHh rniaibulJ row JVoiii tirr ■■■•I near lii-r liutbaiid, tl>n-«
Ihini ulT lirr iliuuhk-n a rnafB[n«ntl M«rlcl <*]<mK,— n prcwiil, wr lirar on go'ij Mitliurlir,
rrtini ibe ■ niBIDaiii1irr-iD-t.1i Iff irf tlir Fmicli \\\\i»\ .Vriiiy, r<>iinl ICiirliambi'aii litniM^r,—
And, MhanHiiK n«ar tbc |mI|'1I, Inld ll on lli« altar u« liuf offrrltijc lu tl>i»* nlm. In iba
■ulitti nX OBiil will Hifriliif, wMr Dflillai; xvHanlly llir f!n-at Datlk' t-r I'rii'iloin. ll ira4
■ftrrwanit lafccn, cMt Intg narrow w\\m, awl rniplw^wl, a* (vU Itiinuilug, lu «lr)))« ib«

IW

RHODE I8LASD TN THE RBTOLrTION.

Connecticut "to co-opflr«to with Count D'Eslaing — just
when the fleet of the latter, after the attack on Sflvnnuab,
was Miourly looked for' ou the norilieni const, to renew, in
conjiUKlioa with Wiwhington, assjuilU upon the foe at New-
port and New Vork." The (iovemor, in his prochiinjitioii,
spoke of "the sing^ularly noble and fjcnerous conduct of tlio
French Adiuii-al in leaving to hazard Lis acjuiaitions in the
Woat Indiefl, anti coming to our aid at the rcfjucst of Con-
gress,— and of the emotion ho must feel if disappouiled of

i\KM of Atatrlenn •QMitnr—ili/* of <!ov*mor Trumbmtl. p. fil 4.) lib lhn«*on*, Join,
JuM'|>h »iil .innitlliBii. urrlod «l tlMInelkiii. A portrait of Uovrmoir Tnmbull. Kalot,
iiii>>' hf fwtii oil \mKv HU.

(wlviicl Jolm TniiubiiH, mn uf Jrmullmn.mM born lu t^tiariiiii, Cwni., Juii**, ITW. II*
tnu>»pu|ill of \atlinii IbulAlr, muM rrul<>rM-k al fix yt-irt orniir. and km a rndtwlcor

Itarmnl I'niviTill* in 1771. In 177£ lie Jalnri] lii-iiorul Sjiencrr*! ('oiiMr<'licul n-|tinicirt M
AtUulaiii, KDil pnrlldpatcil In Ibe bnlMe at Ituitk^r"* Hill. Ho wo* In ilir I'luui'U Kiimll-
lion ill 17711. «ti<lnu,<i>Mr of ttiojinrlir llii.l riHT-il i^ii h. c liy St..lolm"J gale. IliaikUlaMi
ilniHKliUuiBli wm uIimtiiiI )if M'linliiiitclnii. wti« s|i)iii1ti1i>i1 lilni lit* a\ii. Ilr wu idlrr*
wvitt, Tor n tlibrt time, a Dicmlirr of iIk' tullitar}' ranill^ oi litiwnA C^ntM. ok AiIjiiIniiI'
litiirr>). virli till? nek of I'ulund. Hit tuluulnri H-rTicf. umlvf Ii<^irra1 .'■ullfvali, hittc
b<t'll tiulleni ui) iircifoiM ingT*. Alinndoulii^ II>l> iinvfi-nlnii iif urm*, Ik> di'Xitnl lillRK-If t'l
n If. milt III ITHI wml tn iMidnii ti> •liittjrwtlh U'<-it. 1 tifintuniiti'lvfm- tilni, a blllrr frrl-
hiH ilinii pxliilnl In rlial rlljr, rxillnl by ihii rxrc^iitlon of An<ln-. mill llmiigli Ilit- liilliim<T
or (nuiii Kiimtorr], (ItMilBmlD Ihoxnitfon,) ht w»» aiTMloloti mtiiicloii ur IhIuk a itpy or
iliiiiji, run* i>cr*oii, nuil kr|it In clnw oiril1nriiii-nl h*v<-ii inmilliii. At niu- litiii' iiiipi-nraiiem
KPTr Mr<ii>xly <>|iai">l )<'■ "■^■'tVi 'ii>t Wi>>l liaviiix i'(]>laltii-il tb tlir Klcft 'he rvncl cuiiill-
lioli (if aRkin, l>« wa« ilirrcttil bi hi> iiinj-t'tly to tuiviirc lit. Tniinhatt, Ilinl ^T1lll<' be lixit no
[Hivrr lu rrtr-avr lilin, bU Ilfr i)iniilil br ralr, Tlinmali tin' lrifliii-»rt' iif llitrlir, I'liv, \Vr*t
uuiM ugilcy. 1i« wni rrlciittd, and W<nl to AiiiMtT<liiiii,wltrfc lie found a hmiU' lu tlir rmiillj
o( Mr. Jiilin Itr \'<*ulVilt<i, nliow aojilikliilkiici- lir tiiiiilr III l.<iii<loii. Tlir lb- PiruhillciDi-fV
a banking llmi frlt^iitly Ilk Aini>rlc«. In ITrt lie »l"lutl I'arl*, ami wbtli- n-slilInK irltti Mr.
JfffvrtoB, Uic AnMi-lran >tliil«ii>r, iminti^ In lilfl boiiH- lliu |iortrall« of thi- l^nrli nlDci-n
Ibat ii|iprnr in III* K'**( bMriHriil [lailililit; uf llii- Siirri-iKlpr uf <'anLWn1iU at Viirbli'Vi.
lIctnbiT lu, IDII. l<r*i>liT> ditlil •■tliiiirt* ufllK' Anii^rlcan Itvvoiulioti, Hnir<)i|[ ('K'Iii llio IniI-
Ib' of lliinkiT"* llilt, the I>ralb of MontgomcTy. the inrn-tiilcr iif Itiirfinyut. and Ilir Itwlf-
natlon i^T Wnibln^ari, Colutirl Tiiinibu1l[inlntrd fnim IIIV " nrar two liiinttml ami Any
IKiilralUflf pcrrion* ilLitlnpiliilM-il In thill linjinrinnt |h-H«<I." TIi>; " lYtiitifiult flaUern,"

oirnni b]' ^ alf (.'nllrfr, la nil hnnnrNlilK iiivtiiiirlu! nf hi* |!>>iiliiik Hiiil iiiituilry ■■ n ttnlDet

uiid HI n lilfiiwlriil <l(-ll(ii-Bior. < olonH TruinUill illtd Id XfK York <lly> Suvoubcr W,
t^U. Ilia rwinliia wrn iiitubcil In Tirw llavrii, Cuun.

( olDnc-IJowpfa Tnimliull wnaal'oiniiiUuiy.rii'norsJ of ihi- ItnvaIa(ioniu7 armi', a nm.
lu-r of ilii-diii (onpTM lu ir7l--'', aiiil t. roniiiiI*«li)iit!r for ib« UoiinL of War. ('oltin«l
JntiHllu>n Tniiiiliull wtw Paymailix to (lie Xorlbcrii I irpatliuFiil of llii.- Aniiy, aid lu
Waalilnittoii lo lhi> rUia* iif iIH' «■!, uticl timpnirir ijf luiinn-lk'ut, 171ISl-U"IW.

iio*«ni"r JviiRllian Tniinbiill. wnlor, dl(><l In blP imlivf lowii. AuROd 11. ir^a.lioiiorwl
and laiiiPtilril oa a iliilKuI Min, a ilri'nini liii>bauil, a Icmlrr falbi-r, n tiruilciit (^iiinwrtlor,
anil nil Inirorruplibli- alaioamnn. Win. Tniinbiill |ifL>ra^l«I Uliii to llif Kn»'i- liy "wirlj- fl»*
yr»n,— >lic (lytnji Muy 'in. I7>", at tbt tgv of alxtj.tvo. In botioriikf; lb« imrmkt of tbo
cbW-f iiiaxialrale IcL nvL liU nubb wife be foijtvttca.

isn

nnODK IHt.VMIl IN THE RKVOLmoy.

** Ktnu) your IMtor upon tho fl(i1>Jcct of the Rhode liiluid expedition, I
liftVd ocMiiiiilt«cl (tcrierAl Wiuhlngton n|K>n tho iintt«r, and be vnjs he

KoTK.— Oolunvl E|>1iriiliii flowoii. wIiom iiiito)p'a|tti iippcnn on pagB 131, «ru the Mcond
•no ami) (i^niili I'lillit iif hr. KpliTvlin and lijrclU l>lnwaof] llowcn, nnil wu born In
rr»tl<li'Uir, II. I., Aiigiiil Will, I7.V1. Of lib i-lilldhaixl na IroillUaiii art pntCtroA. 11U
oilni-mloiiil ijiijiurtiihltira n[i]H-N.r In liait<li«i-n fanrfiilli Iru^irnvcil. Ho «>r1]' twouiio Itttpr-
MliHl t<i piilillr iiiloir*, nnil in I77S. nilhc ngt of alnelctn ;«are> w*> one of llic [lalriot
tMUil tIiv liHik •ml liuriinl llii' llrlllali umnl ■ctiixinrr liupcv. ^Al^t<^,pp. S, H.)

Ill ITTA livnwnMJo « t.hMiKrtiiuil til ('uiHalu i tirUtoplicr Olii*r'< cointwnjr. belong I nc
lul'i-lunrt liaid*] llUdioocI:'* mlmMit.iLiHl llriKiwJk-Mtrcieni] NailiatiaH <irvcnr'*bri-
(mIi<, ralinl n>r ri/fln ibihiiIi*' •mitv na iliv ■■Armj' of Obaerratloit.'* (I'alooi'l llttch-
Md. <lli->t Ml >la«rl*lo«n, >'. J., (nJamiarr, im.) Wlillo laUia lontea Ucwaa nJ<«iKt l>y
Or(i*rii1 fVaililnHtnii, Ihi-u al i itnilitliln-. lu lit uiil nii armnl rrMrl In lntrrc']it tujijillrt
Kolajl (<■ it>v llrllUii la tiodoTi. In irrv )■<■ vtati ui'tKilalMl to a f.^FrtalBcy, and la ibe fainc
frmt aaa aMMtliilnl a I 'a|italu In Ihi* IIIkkIi' Inlaiiil lliiv of llic cuntiavntid mnny, Frem (lili
pmUlaw ha <n* lrn<i<>IVmil lo 1t>r Slair liTi<ai<iiicii(, and In ir;; adMl a> AMiMani (^ar-
UMHWMt^MWfid, uuAvt tirarml Sliaila. Jn I.Tn Im «ai apfiolaUd UnarlvmiaMrr-i.en-
aval of thr lluUrd .Siair* anB<r, ami In Juna of thai irai iiriu n>mMiL»bianl lkp(ini;-«jaar-
tanwwt««^i«Bi>rat, Ui Im MalliiaarT villi ibv anny In Ktimlv l*taiiii. llili pwlllonwaji one
oT InanaMM tmn •ad aaxlplr. Tn provU* tw III* waau of ihr annv, liotara. foracr.
ctatlilllf , aMmaalthiM aa-l IWI; ta mmamtft tbo dnancM of hl> itrpatlmoat wtlh a Oucta-
■M^ mutvmey, an4 to mpM bihI aatmrr all ikv itMoaMb tijion hU tlnv and nMimca, n-
i(«lr*d a ifuiek |»Ra|itkMi uf kli rrlalluu lo tbr arm;, a rradj' fofccail of coDttuf aranbk a
««hn. Mbnlnhlratlw nlnU. mhI a taiwd Ji*<lf>Mirfii. Itut l» apfirat* l« lni>» Iwaw i inal I*
Um MiatfMMMU a( hit (Mfclk Ukc ilntln ef wtitoti tw dUcharccd whb creal tJHHj WMII
|h»itBH>ariliaar«r.

i.>ah>Ml»a<r««<mit»lee wmtM- OrH. lo iWly AnfrU; aad M«oi»d.la inH, to 5«mi
■mUllfll nrhklf^lrilbWhadliatJkltilrwuiU.: WlULaai U. Julia. Vathaalrl. (4kit
)IMiaJ «aiHj, C4M rooitfi) »»* niMbWh. «ba narrlnl tb* tat* Han. Jotia H. iDarli*.
l^hkw««M)«t»lwkMltWirekIMra«,«U.: toltaM. (i«>org<> T^ >arah and Uarj.

f^itaMl 1Id«t« MMalard pnanJ w^WllliW awl IwnraMg dill nUkn ; aaianK Ihm
IfeM af (tkivtf «Mr lb* fonair «r lYotMaat*. aM nffvaaatad** la ilw l<«»ml AwfMy
ftHMtlMta««iiri<ft«ttt»*,irtw(» hapaHrianijMinarUilMfaadwafiaUr. ni*
MMMl* «•*« rt(M« a*! MMdfcM. a^ U* hi%MMaa to KiAta* af tte bvahnkia anl
ttrtr tJt 1 b atjUMlMt fcr pattot wi pwH f* ■'tf ^. CalVBri kswn vni a
ma^trtt^m HMHlt 1*^ SaaMr «ri^ tteHnaaH. imI " " -" ' —|'
^pw4 W Wwhfc^afc It In iWiaawnJan aC Iha Kha^a h*a*4 HMwIdnl )t«dt«r. ^

l»MH,«lHat>iaMallJ*7«»a«M mM^ a tanr aTlta moot. CMMd ■■■n*W»
«yalBla4 hf Iba Mm aaMM* ar rw««^«(n a Maafaraf An coMMlnM «to M« *• «a>
^^ifhfil tntat «f iwni*— at rtaUaH,OB^ta4««4MHM4ktal»<h»
af ilw IMK^ In wMA, Icatr-WK y«M« fciltanw Ifc aadal a^ allkvy | "r k
nUriymmMtC TWninil<faM<i*»fc«M»nii— mnHrynMl»<i» l^

■^O

«dhk Inftito

tanal— M— ; inftitwo. IK <
In nMkar <**•■• «^ MWHas*

><£*mt[m»m\

lUir...

Iltaaflht]

in(»ni

k <f «• iMMh «r Ji«! ■ «M fta ■

■tak fciitMMu'inai MKAite I

OUIt FRENCH ALLIES. 151

knows of no such cxpctlltioii cither having been ordered by Congress, or
by any other body authorized for tlie purpose. I wish you, tlicrcrorc, to

of the Itevolulion. Of his utrrlces In tlio llclil no rcconl has been preserved, bat It If
uniliTftooil tliat lie va^ In one engngement witli t)u' eneiuj.

He ilic<l In TruvMenec September 2, 1M1, In tUc dghly-ninth year of his age havhift out-
livnl UiK iilne chililren. Uli taneral took {iluce Septciiibfr 3A, from No. 31 Lulon Btret-ti
wlturc he n-sliliil at the time of hlg ileccOH'.

£XTIEAi;Td FilOM (OI.ONKI, nuWKN'S I.ETTKKS.
To Gintral Xathanael Giteaf, January 2, 1 778:
" Voiir favor of the lL!th uUimo I received per express, nitli one liunilred and forly Ihou-

RaiKl dollars Tlie amount uf my account us far as I bavc btvii able to eollect

llirimfili want of cash. Is one Imiidrcd tbou»aiul iiliie hundred Hiul Dlmity-thrcv iHiuudii, tM.
ft/."

To the Ktme, Oclober 20, 7779:

" I liavi- borrowed of (ietieral Snilivan one handrail and forty tboimaiid dollani, wlileb be
wl«bes iiiR lo return as loou as convenleitt. If It U jtusslbic wisb It might be sent fbrwani,
and at tbc i-iime time Hliould be glad to receive some for the department."

To Gtnrrai SulUrrin, Angu»t JS, J 778:

" I wniie you ye»lenlay moraliift that we bad Imlf a ton of powder in the mill. I'pon
sendlnicfi>r it we llml It I* not sulDelentiy dry,and cannot be mndi- (It fur \x*k under tbree or

four days of good weather We have a eonsldenible number of hands employed

in makliifc eurtrldges, nnd bad we {lowder could engage many more. As you hav<- ordenil
Hie heavy eaniion ftam I'awtnxet, 1 Iiave tliought It best to direct Hie guard to Julii yuu
forthwith."

To Ofneriil Kalbanarl Grttnt, Xovrmher 11, 1778:

" I have at lenfrth marie up my accounts Tlie amount you'll sen is seventy-two

thousand sovun Imndredand thIrty.two|iuuiu|g, 17*. wlilcb, with the sunix advanced, as [ler
list of tlii-ni, makes tlie wliulc amount one bnudreil tliou^nnd and thirty-six iiounds, ta. vd.,
and tlie amount of cnilll as [ler acrouni, seveuly tliousand three liundred ami one iwuudji.
Ills. Have paid Genera] .SulUvau out of thv money you lost sent me, Htxly-IIve thonsand
dollars."

To the tamt, Ftbruary 3, 1779:
■*Am sorry lo Inform yon tlml I have liad no success In procuring vessels to bring rice.

There is not a vchsi-1 In tbe State suitable that can Im; had on any terms I had

]nit one hundred and Any or nlxty horiies on I'ruilence tty (ieneral Sullivan's advlee. In the
(kll, supposing tliey would wliitiT tliere without cost, wlilcli tliey would have done liml not
tlie torl(-s from Newport taken olT what of them were in tolerable I'ose, and kilio) ail the

n-st but one or two, a few days since Have engaged Ur. Benson at $1U0 per

niontii, till yuur pleasure can lie known."

7V> Ihe lamf, April 4, 1 770:

"We are exceoiingly haiily supplied with cash in the forage department. Twenly.two
tlioosand dollars is all that rolonei Iliddle has s<-nt. Hie V. ii. [Forage AlaslerJ owes all
round the nountry, and lias at laxt lost his coat by reason of not paying bis bills as he
engngeil I have becuoblige<l to lend the F. M. upwards of thirty thousand dol-
lars, which I could illy si>ar«'."

Tolkfiimr, Seiiffmbera. 177!):

" 1 have un ai-i-onnt jiresenteil and certlHi'd by Ciilonel Wall, fur keeping H\r horses of
tin- jiUotx til the Kn-neli fleet, at Narragansi'tl, and fur provision ^ fur the pilots, anioauting

lAS

RHODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLLTION.

be reT7 carefbl and not take a single st«p without written orderii to Ju<<tllV
jour couduci, aa It will be Iii!ilniiat«d hcreafler tlmt jon have precipitately

IOBl)aiil£lM. (lrt)rTaK'»tta<lfcliiw««nl«Ttn|-p»rmcnlforlt. reload W»ll lirtilTcd me
(□ mcioMon ll to jrnn, tn know hitw It thould im p«td. or wliHlwf I could prnj: ll wIUioul lh»
Ucntral'a onlcr, u Leiond WoJI *riU be DUie«<3 lo par U UnuctT IT Vnf tniblle dow not."

To lAt MM, OcUber 3, 1776:

•' I am raklitf ovitrj (t^p tn rurwurd IIjp OMttidptliMi Of thr bMrack* w Mo» •> jMMKltile,
Iiut nn* gninii Mildir ■••utlbi! Ii<««b. «rlilch, tf fouliarp nirt tn njiiimrlt)) tod, pk-juu kUo
(Un<ctloiu loMr. IVIIll to m-iuI bf mjr h««tlirr, wlio f^-i !a riiUodi-liilila."

'J'othtiame,l>e(*mlierS, 1770:
" I r(«riin] n frn rinj* line*- n cli*n on Hie (ViiDiHlMinnfT nf Lnan*, Id IliU KtAl«, Avin

Ur. rvtill, ft>r*lxtj thoDNuid [Kiunda 0«iK-rat Cornrll luw <)lmc4t>d b»mick«,

to contftiu 1,000 invii, to tN7 bnlll in lliii town, wMdi vc am now aliotil."

'J'a Ihf tame, Dt^emhtr 17. JT70:

" 1 AID &g«[ii tinilor lht> ■iMini'tt)' of tiemtln^ Of )ou *«ii|>|il]' nf nuli Tor thb d^parlnwoil.
.... J liBTc IttClit'rio bct-n Mtp|ili(4 bcroBtl mr «xpM4Ufaii. and oii Dial >c«a«iii my
cnilll ItkH Blirruj-s bpL-n gutxl In borrow wtutt rami 1 iruitnl, wUii-li I hnii! tledlii*^ nt
muoliupoMlblcoii wvunnt of Ilie4i>etu*llnj[*»il namrtabi itntcuf PUroDmnaj."

7b fJU mm*. Frliruarf e, 1 7S0:

"Ai tbnsti U Kstw ind dllDcult lo Iw |)roeart<l at I1i» NoHli lUnr wiil t)i*> catiip in Ita
Vtalnlty. Willi jrouTilirEvllunt I wDI (■« mmum rbi- wnind lin-ah' up) tmnxjKirl arrWVMM'J
loadit 1(1 Hume NVck tir III m-lftiliarfxMHl, Ihal il maj' Ih- iiiin<-d ial>i-ii"«i-r It I* Kantrd.
II lb«« U u rrobftbtlliy of bartrt tn-lag mu<ti vaaiol. irbidi duubtlcM will be Ibp eutt
■huuJil tbvre be bucieIht oini)ui;ni ; iliv im'HUl l■(b^ m-wt Iktonblv (Iiutr (u iiiircliwir llivta
Utre, ai A>'n«ffu In ilir cuuulrr In t-x«<«.iilticly vrarm ami i\ettr, and tit- liiiic lli<- iiH«n> of
kH-[ilnKlI><'m mi Kboilr I^IbikI at lidk pxt«'*'> coiDExm I *'*!/• • . . ■ TliU will be
dnHti-ml l<i yoii by l'n|>tiLin Talbul, wiio !■ Rutiijl lu t'lttlndi-liilila- If II ahDiakl b* ouiirFn-
l^^t lo tiiMwl tnr any cuali be will bctng It."

To tlmm-nor (Inifnt, Stpttxtlttr 30, J7S0:

"To piirvbaivaiiy moraonowUt, lialmort Imputiltilr, and nn* tl jiotoitili'. I tliu-ultl Jli.
Ilho doiiiir It Mtlliout tbr Rtrvncrvt lUMranco o\ my bclne mwd (nntlcd m |«y fur irltat

uilgbl Iiu ri-cplrnl [□ lliBI Way."

To Coionti rimathf I'ieterinff, Orlitba- C, JJSO:
"Ti^eJrvojH 1 incDtloai-d U-foro nrv itltl dnIiiK duty In 1lil> Stat^.anil nn irvallyitU-

IrvaMil for ftiH Tlip t'n-iirli anny nn- oiHiliMi»lly inaiiliiiK nulMnix-i- InNii my

deiioHincfir. andaCrwdnyi aso I hod au application ftiim t>><- Grtl^nkl Aivciulily or iliii
Htati- and Ibi^ Qnartpriniulrr-firiirml of llii' Frt-nrli Army to iip|i<>lnt tin nulilant whww
pritinlpnl duly ■liquid iwlhr iMrrncldiiEur tliv Krrucli irvin[i>, but an I tiAcniM aullmrltMl
I d(^Jlii('il ninkliig thv a|it)oiatni(iiU*'

MICMi>K.t>ri,l OP miXIXKl. KPIIRltM liaWKX.

IT73. Julie Otli. A«iI*I(hI inibi. drdnidion oT tti«> ttrilUli •cJinairi'-r rinqM^v.

ITTi. AppoltitHt LlmlMiaai lu Cotond DirlitopbtT Olney'ii oiniianj, of Hid "Anay of
ObmTn(i(ni,''<x(intnan<lLiI by UrigsilliT-drEirrul Nattiaiiarl iircMir'.

liTO. dtuM-n a ra|>lalu la <)if Kivonit ItliivJp MktiiI Itslfalluii. — luiilrl llttrlimwik, Colo-
tm. " I{M«m(r.pnd«l by r.cntrftl WatlilnKton for tlif Ntw l^lablMiiDctit."

KTlL Am Dnpaly ijimrtiTiiunlitr-lit-urrftl, gip]j|Ir<l lo llie (ircutral Aiiitnlily fur •rri-n Iiun-
(Irwl VQTiU uf »("><) "Pir iIii^dk' of (in- nrmy,"lu be tlrllii-ml. fiiur Imtnlml
firnlt III IVivlilriK^-, Ivtii liiirHltnt mril- at KulJliiK Mill aiul I'tnil lirrfiiwlrh,
aiiiiJ vae buudrvd cur^lt ai l'|ullli>'ii Nt-wtouii. I{i->(i[p<it ([rantMl.

OUK KRRNCIl ALUER.

i.i:i

^nc Iniosn nniicteftMrj' expense (o ftvrellyonr owiir<MtimlMion«- What-
ever Onncral Gat<»< orilen ymi are warniiilwl to provldn, providing it Is in
Ihc line of your dttpurtuK'nt, but hnrc all your ordvrv fo tlint ihvy iitmy
tpvkk tor themselves. TliU will Hccuru you In csite uuy ucciilciit should
rimppen to tlic Lhincrnl. anil svchit- your llimlly kIiquIiI niiy ncctdeni hnp^MHi

ThU I'rioiidly couiis^ul niriiishea nn illuHlratiun of UotiL^mL
Greene's fniTeiist, but in this iiisljim'e was unnet*sa«r}'. No
one engaged in the puMic service was more careful thnn
Colon«I Itoweii ill prescnin^r I'videiu'cs of nil his poeiininry
Iransnctions, nor in refiif<ing to trnns«*cn(i iho legal powers
conferretl upon him.*

To cupfure the ISritiHJi at Newport, or compel them to
eviicuate the ishiiiiJ, when two preeediiig attempts hy other
Cicncrnls hml failed, would aecord with tho nnibition of the
hero of Sarjitoga, and it is easy to eonccive of D'Kstning'B
willingness to c"nec more identify his lleet willi such an
enter|)rise, und thus win r<»r liitn^^eU' laurels that ten months

1^-ttla Kllir? <lr I'liniy.liiiHiiiliiiiijr i^fiictkI »r 111* 1I»M • liH»tbii Kniettf."
ifvavni AMTiiilily " VvIrU >■■•] ri'tohol tli«l £l\<'" Inivriil ii>iiii>.-t W Bilrnnrrd lo

Kphntlm JiiJwi-ii. Jr., K»i).. l»i-|iii(v.(iourl>-»numpr-<<«ntT»I, uut of ihi' Gtavnl

1'KaMir]', Id ptirclinir knnpiwck*, anri, «uu(l, He. fur tl» tniapa, niM In drftv;

tliF rx|>Mi>i' uf llii-lr iiinrchlnr.
Wat rnipiiwrrnl lo lulvknty niiuiry to llr. •laiiir* I'ralh, iirdrml to I'roTtdrMn bf

Gmaral WtuliliigtuB m |>rni iitr linijilioli Tin llic h'mirli nrvijr.
Kiaptnrmditxlnif iK.tm.'.coiilitwiiitLl Bioiit'f.oiii »f iliv 4>iMii>nil Trtanirr, Ki do-

fV«)r llir r>|N:k<m)r lran>tH>r!lng >lurc* I» HMikill niHll otitivdlCHt rtvtr«,>n4

III i)>(V«« lltr rxpniitF* uf Ur. Jaiuc-t ITrslk.
l>«|>IHBb«t W. Krorlvnl a Irtirr froin (iorcrltivr l-rmir lu T(.'jmr«1 to •M|>|>lylllf tli>*

Ifaajtf KTldlT lirllrnil ]li-Mtll nil Uliotli- Irlsiiil witli nii'l.
0«<oIkt9. Wrl(4'< 1» ■•uicriiDr Un-M)v in rrrrmitr i» hii cKpitrlPil >l>h uf llit-lhik-i-

4k I^AilllIb,

Apimluii-d lit tl.ir U*(iprnl AiiwOTlily i^anrlMintuii-r-liriirrml of llw wlinla MIUUb al
1h« ."Utt.
inOi KJvdvil by llivlimeral limittilyKlierlfl' of rnnlileocefiouiily.
178t. f.lecicil Mirrlir vf i'mfldi-uL-c muilly.

" Uii-lril l^iiuli-riiuiilir-f.i'i^i-nl uf llir IIIIIiIh of llir Milr.

■Ib irfrrvui'v l» liar ri-iuru of IVFjtlalii^ (o IIm' I'litlnl SInint fiir •nallu-r Irldtitl Xe«'
IKirl KDtt >vw Yoii, «npr IiIk itfvtnllvo' BipiliMii hi- Vlim-iii Hiitt <imi«ila, ibr l-'r<iM)l
ninittrr, M. tirriTil, lirlil >i->rr«l ninFi'tT-ici:r« nrllh ■ iMnimlII*-i- of < otiKn-i^, mill abu
vldtnl Watlilnjcluii In hl> mi<i|i, li> miwulL villi lilin U|}uti llic tut^ci-t. Uul thr fNllMni In
thr alriir ii( NitMxiutli nt>|>i-ar< In lute ]iul all mil lo aa; uUirr pliinn llial WHir hsu br*>ii
•■HU"'"'' '"" '' '"'■' '"!■'> *• W'aililiig-IoM HiM lolirn'iii', tlial lie Liirw iif iin aullHirUnl
pliui for nch an rJkjK-cIlllun.

154

RHODE ISLAXn TT? THE RETOLrXlOS.

I^eforu seemed to iiwiiil bis iicceptnnco, hut whicli a tornado'
hatl swept Iieip'ond Iiis reuch.

This siibjci'l is involved In some obstiirity. It is ])rolm-
lile, liowvvt'r, tliiit if D'Kslaitig eon tcui plated fngagin^ in iiii
expedition whiili neither Wasbingtou nor Coiigi-ess had
sanctiont'd. the wounds he had reeeived at the siege of
Siivaiiiiah, mid other causes, led him to nhnndon his pur-
|108C, and 6uil, us elsewhere stHtud. tu tiie We^^t Indies, and
thon<!e to Fnmec. (hit nt hetit» such un cx[K>dition woidd
have heeii found enlirelv unneee**Hrv. Vov tnore th:iii two
years and ii half the lirilisli hiid hehl New[>(irt, hut hud been
unable to make advances on to the main land. Tor all that
time, covered liy Die admiiii^fi-atlonH of (Jovernora C'ooko
and (iif!cne, the State of I!hiKle Isl.iTid had been :i shield to
Mas;^chn«etts and New Hampshire, and in a limited degree,
to all tho otlier New Kuglarid States. These yeaiti had
proved to Pigot and Prc-t-ott that the luniy could not pasj*
north over the soil of Jthode Island : luid that having demided
the island of ita forests und valuable orehard.t, torn down
hundreds of hounes and other buildings for fViel, desecrated
bousej^ of worsjtip, and (-nnuuitted almost every conceivable
depreihition u|hiu the tiihai>itants, he would tind it gi'owing
daily more dilHenlt to :>ul>siet the army. Besides all tliis, the
war m^)^'cnlonts of .Sirllfuiy ("lintfui r-reated a need of these
forces elsewbL're. And so ncci'ssiiy led to nil evacuation of
New{H>rt und of the island, which took place nu tlio 37th
day of ()c(*iber, 177!i, to the gre«l delight of a war-
oppressed luid savagely-nlMised people. Seven tbousand
men, with ili^'ir military slore^i, and about torty loyalists,
who still wished the Koyat protection, were emI»arUed on
board a fleet of tifly-two vcssi-ls, mid sailed for New York,
liefoie leaving, the barnu-ks at Koil Athinis an<l the Ilcaver-
tail lighthouse wera Uimed. The losses sustained by tho
citizens of Newijort, during its o«'upation liy the Hrittsh,
were estimnted by a commitleo of tin- (renei'al .\ssembly
apjniintcd for the puiiiose, at £124, THi* Via W, silver

OUR FBEN<'H ALLIES. ITlfl

money, leaving the town to rosemhle, as an eminent wi-itcr
expressed it, "an old Iiattered shield, long held np against
the common enemy.'"*

The embarkution took place at Brenton's Point, and occu-
pied the entire dsiy, during wliich the inhabitants were for-
bidden, on pain of death, to appear in the streets. The
bells of the Congregational meeting-houses were carried
away, as Averc the town records. The latter were subse-
(juently recovered in a dilapidated condition, the vessel on
board of which they woi-e carried having been sunk at Hurl-
Gate.

Before the Kevolution Newport could boast of a commerce
that rivaled New York. At least two hundred vessels
engaged in <lomcstic and foreign trade, were numbered as
belonging to that poi-t, bringing wealth to foster local pra-
ductive in<lustry, and to supply the wants of a refined com-
munity. For the future the prospects were bright, and
nothing appeared to stand in the way of constantly increas-
ing prosperity. But the war changed the aspect of the

■Tlie Tultowliig " I.Ul or tlie Km-my'it Anny iipiin Ithoile iKlaiid, brfore the Fte<-t Mad
Ttom tlipncr ou Iryilay 'JMi May, 1771)," is niplitl tVoiii "lli« lialFH l'apori>,"ln pottcailuu
of the New York Ulitorlciil Society :

(irmian ltp|c'l»

Detflirill, - . . .

03A

I.Hiidfiravpx,

.vn

IIhtiuu, . . . .

*m

lillllllUll, > . . .

t,ao

lat AtiniiAcli, 1
'Jil AiiT>|Hich, *
1 Kitgllsli Itpf^tiicnli-,

i,:t30

l.'.'MP

KHniiiii|{'0 1

& i Tory Iti'ic'tp,
llriiwirii I

wo

ArtaUTl«t«,

HW

bNilM hi KIcrt VStli Miiy, irru :

frith IlritiHli IEi>)(lmcnl, a»

UllllltiruVl- (ilTIIIUTI, ..--..-- fiuo

Fail II I UK''! Tory, ..-----.- 400
ArtlllerUli", WO

1.010
ir lu rhei-e 4tulUtIc!i nrr milled liif Inr^e iiiiiiiIht of lllH-r»t«(1 »l»vi>i " mill audi of the
TurtcH Willi llii-ir cllii'lii nt clui*i- I« Tulliiw tlic wnniii([ furtunei uf tlii: crown," the tulal
woultl probably iiul vary luucti fruiii ihc ytali'itivut lu Ihc text.

i:.fi

RHOI>R IHT,AVn FW THE RKVOUmOJ

town, and ihe ravages of Ui« enemy oblitorn(*d the promise
of <he pttKt. Shvs Arnold : " .\pw|M)rt novel- rpcoA-erwl from
the cruel Mow. More tl\ni\ half the ]xtpiiintion lind forsukcn
tlie isUnd, iiml I be commerce that o nee tilled (lie crowded
whitrves was cither anDihilntcd, or hud .sought less haxardouB
resorts, never to return. The Jewi*, whoso enterjmjtc had
dune so tniirh for their adopted ^ta(e, liad nil left the town.
Aaron and Mo8cs JjOpcz, who at one time owned twonty-
Boven square- rifled vessels, fieveral of which were whale
Hhi[xs, besides uinny fltnnller craft, nearly all of which wore-
lost during the war, moved to Pi-ovidcncc, and afterwards to
X-eicestor, [Mass.] Moses Hays, another omiucnt mer-
chant, had removed to Ronton shortly hefiin* the war, and
waa followed by the Hivciras and othertu of Ihe Hebrew faith.
Isaac Touro, with his two son.<, fled to Jnmaicn, when the
British tame to Xewport, and neither of tbem ever retvinied
lo reiiiide tliere ; allhoii<rh the numitieenec of Ahrahaui, one
of the sons, still keeps in repair the deserted temple of the
God of Jacob, and guards with filial wvercnce the cemetery
iu wliich repose the ashes of Ihfir fnthei-s. Aairin Lopez
intended iv return after llie war, but was dnjwned [May 28,
1782,3 in Scot's Pond, near Providence. His son Joseph
was almost the only one of all this intoreiitin^ and iadomit^
able race who roKuined busineas in the nearly ruined town of
Newport."

Id antieipatiuii of the evacuation of Newtwrt by Ihe
enemy, and to prevent any molestation of the inhahitauts
that might follow, (iovcmor (irccne, in the name of the
Council of AVar, "forbid, in audi caso, the commanders,
officers and mariners of all private armed vc&sols and boats,
and all othor private persons whataoevor, to land on the
islands nf Ithode Island and Jamestown, to molest the
iidmbitflntft, or to take or destnjy their property, under any
pretence whatsoever, upon the penalty of forfeiting and
paying double the value of the property taken or damage
done/

OUIl FRENCU AtJ.IBS. IST

This proclanvitioii drew from General Greene the follow-
ing k'tter of comuieiidation. wliich altnrds inmther plaiaaiil
illiisfnilion of )ii^ s|iiril :

tiKXKNAU OKKKXB'H VIKWB.

" I tvos gliMl lo >er your prcirLurnatidii rorliiililiim nil klml of |iliiii4lur1iig.
TliU Ihio i)f coiiilurt w ill do llji.' SUitc urusL credit. If dvlluqiiL'iiti* ari; Ui
In- punUIictI Ift It be by il)ie course of law. It Is Uiiimorous to let lowws
the nibble npoii the pcnplc by wny orpiiiilKhrncnt. NoUiiligUiiOii more to
unliiiitfK KitvcrnmuTit, mid destroy thp mnrnU orsoclcly. Such u hohavcd
iiTifrleodty, brlnj; them to o U'cal trial. But if I was to ndvlM fn ilils bnsl-
nc.id. 1 would rocoinnicnd niodcnitioii. t.tt iicne fall a sacrifice btit (tntli
an miiy be diiDtferou* lnjix-aft^-r, or iir*; uvcesKury to ditur others from ii
»ittullar conduct. I knuxr your iiioilcralloii niid hiunaiilty. aud iticrcJbro
tipvak the inarc freely to yon on this subject."

I>uriu« Ihe oci-uj)ution of XewjKjrt by the British, tUe free-
men of llie town were depriveil of the privilege of u»Heiu-
bltng in town meetitig for the «,hoife of general officers and
of dcputii^g to i-epresenl them in the Genei^al Assembly. uK
vote was jHiHitcd hy the ln(tnr-ii timed hody iiiitlinriKlng tbetu
to meet in the Stale Iloitite in Providence for tbsit piirpiise.
Inimediiitely iiftor the evueimtion, the Assembly restored the
original order of the elective fmnehise, as follows r

■' Wburens Che Inliiibltaiitn at the town of Xcwport hnve, since the
>saeitiy were in po»>He99lnii of the lAloiid of Rhode litlnml (which is now
traeuATcd by ihcm) boon deprlvetl of ttclr corporal* powers ; and whero
M, It Is iiece»)uir>' for tlitr well onlertiiK aiitl r.onducUnut Ihe pru<leiitlal
■ffliir!! of th« 8.tid town, tb&t a town mcfllo^ be Iield, and the usiuU town
offlcerjt choateri ; wherefore

"It (8 voted and resolved, Uinl ihv Uiliabttaiils of llie said lowu of New-
port meet In town ineetln;* on Tuettday, the tld day of Novemlicr next;
und that Ihc-y be, mid arc hereby, enipowercrl to chooM n inodtrntor, town
clerk, and other town ofllcers; provided itevcrthek-ss. Hint every |icrson
within the Hald toAvn, whu Ittith Hiutie<l the axsorintlon, or tnken an nctWe
part with the enemy, be vxctndi;d fhHu dcctlni;, or bfTng elcclwl, la any
uOlce witlilu the said town; iind from votlue or aetlnt: in ibe said town
meeting; ind tlinl Lhc siild town meeting exclude sucli pcrHuuH. aceord-

The evueimtiou of Newitorl and tlie uuliuu uf the Geiiuinl

15ft KHODE ISLAND IN THE RKVOLUTION.

Assembly in rcftrcm-e to iho records of tliiit town !ind of
Jliddletown, carried iiwny I)y the enemy, made it the duty
of Govenior Greene to address the tbllowing letter to Gen-
eral Washington on the sul»jcct :

" Wahwick, Statk of Kiiodk Island, &c.,1
" November 3, 1779. '

"Sm: — I most sincerely coiijrratulHtc Your Excellency npon the ciie-
my's having evacuated llhodc Island ; but uiii sorry to be under the neces-
sity of troubling you with a resolution of the council of war, of this
State, which I take the liberty to enclose; by which you will pleane to
observe the distressed situation the Inhnbitauts of those towns must labor
under for want of their records. That I doubt not you will take every
necessary measure that may tend to convince General Ctlntx>n of his error
In continuing to hold tlioni, as they certainly cannot be of any use to the
enemy, exclusive of the pleasure tlicy enjoy In distressing mankind, who
are wot to be coutrollcd by them.

" I am, with every sentiment of respect,
" Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant,

" To His Excellency Gencnil Washington, liciuhiuartcrs."

Imniedijitoly after the evacuation, the militia that had been
employed to guard the shores of the State were dismissed,
and the laws that prohibited the people of the State from
going upon the islands of Khode Island and Jamestown,
holding coiTOspondence and trading with the inhabitants
thereof, while .said islauds were in po.ssc.ssion of the enemy,
were repealed.

OrR PREKCn AM.IE8.

1A9

L.-VFAYFTTrs VnY\fJI- TO FRANCE.

RICK AT riSHKUi.-^ISlTED BY DK. TnATCHEB^RECOVER«
AND SAILS FOR FRANCE,— VIOI.KNT KTORM.— Ml.'TINT DE-
TEtrXED.— AllKlVKS AT IlKKST.— i'IUK:KKIlM 'U) VE11SAILLE8.—
imiEr nANISIIMENT.— nECEIVEl* BY TItK KINU.— rr.ANS 1-X>B
CHIl'I'l.lNIi UltKAT HHITAIN.— HON MOT OK MACKEl'AH.—
ISFLIENCE WITH THE KINi; AXI> MINISTERS.- RETCKN8
TO AVIKKrCA.— TAKES A (.'OMMANK-HIS OENKUOSITV.— PRE-
SENTS A SWOKU TO CAITAIS UOLEH.— SK ETOU OF THE
LATTER.

^VFAVKTrK (HI his j(niriH\v Id lioMou, where he was
to embiirk lor Fniiu-c.' wiij* dptaiiicd at Fishkill sev-
eml we«ks by a feviT nitliiced by expoMire .ind fatigue in
Tttiodo Icliiiui and cl^cwhciH". The thrciitoiiiii*; rbnnu-trr of
the di.sijaso gmitly :ili»nno<l\\'«shington, wliosp hciubjunrtcrs
ivei*o but a few miles (listiinl. and who by frcc]iient visits and
other attontimirt gave pntut' of hict por^nal attiichmuiit.
The bojit niedtcnl aid was alj«) pi-ovidcj, smd the fever wa.s
snlKhictl. \Vliiie eoiiv»lesein<:; be received a vi^it fi-om Dr.
James Thatcher, who doscrilwd him iw a nirni " nearly six
feet bigli, large but uot eoqinlent. being not more than

twenty-one years of aj»e His forehead is

remarknbly high, his nose lai-ge and long, eyebrows promi-
nent and intijccting over a tine animated hazel eye. Ilis
coimtenanic is intcrc.*(tinn; and impressive. He converses in
broken Kiigli^h, and di^jday:^ tbu mainiei>i and uddre^ts of an
accomplished gentleman. Considering him a French noble-
man of di-stingiii.'^beil olmracter, and a great favorite of Gen-
eral Wns-hington, I felt myself highly honored by this
iplerview."

• Aali', t>. !»;.

RHODE IBLAKD Iff

RBVOLmOH.

When MiitBi-ipiitljb' rw-ovvri'd Ijifayette resumed his journey
tu B<iHluu, wboro he iirrivwl Dcieuiher Uth, uml pmbarked
»u bofUfI tliiT friKHlc .UlimK-«, comiuiuided by C!i|itaiu Lau-
ilon. TLe It-cIin^h witli wbieh Im left America iiri' pxprcssiil
iu the toHowiii^ liiiCN writtoii hi \Vu«h)ngt<Mi at the moment
of Kuilta^ : " Kurowcll, uiy dear Heiieral. 1 ho|jc your
Frunoli frieiuln will «vt>r hu di-ar li> you. I Iiujk! I ■jhull
iH>uit MHi yuu Hgaiu. Hud lull yvu uiywlf with what emotions
1 now liMivr the liiinl ytni inhahll, iind with what iiffWtion
lUid rwiH'cl I Mhiill ever he your sincere friend."

Thu Alliuneu Miilud for ]Livn>, January 11^ 177H. A
Ur}{0 porlioti of tho crew eoudisled of ivnugnde KngUsU
wulorii, who conhpiivd to ri^e ujtou thi* otiit-ers and passen-
g«rit, M>i'£i> the vesai-l itnd enrry lier into nn Knijlisii pori,
hoping tbcraby "not only to till tlieir pockets with gold. hut
iv secure thu [turtiou nf the Kin<;, lUid the bulety of their
forlinitod livcji." The plot, li.twever. wah db<-loscd jnst on
thu ovo of its execution, and the eonspirtitors were phtcvd
in irocu. Kxecpt a violent gale un the banks of Newfound-
land, ^%'hiuli earrie«l away the niiiin-lopuiaat of the frigate,
nothing further of a niarki-d ilianirtiT (Mcnrreil on the
voyage.

On arriving nt Brest , LufuyutU* proceeded at onee to Ver-
atulleA, where he was wanuly wek-omed f)y his wife and fam-
ily, lie wished an iiumediate in ten lew with the King, but
M. Maur«()as, the I'rinie Minister, infonue«t him tliac before
hi* MJtfU could t»o gmuted. he mutt go fur a few days into
banLdiLueul to the l{oi«^-l i.ie NoailK's. In Paris. a» a [leualty fur
lutviug di»ol>eyeil His Majealv by leaving rraiK-e without
p«riuisaiou alter liaving Ikwu foHiiddeu so tu do. lie (.lid
'xo. It pittved, however, im rai^y penunec> of eight days.
Surrounded by Uis tiuuily. and vi»iled by mauy of hU
rrieud», the time |M0ti4Hl plentiantly. Tlie (»uly auuoyuoce U*
hini WAA that he was prevente<l holding an early interview
with Dr. Franklin, who lutd cufrced to meet bim at \'ei^>
jituUes on the looming ot' February I4th« tu couununieaU: ta

OrR FREKCH ALUES.

liim some afl'air^ of imporlunco. Lafiiyclt« infomipd Frank-
lin of the cause that detained him in Paris, and the doaired
intei-view was hnld in that city.

The days of hanishmpiil hoing over, Lafftyctto wn^ atbuittod
to an audience with the Kin<r. Ilia Majesty really liked the
young culprit, and all the more, iierhaps. for Ihr youthful
impetuosity which pi-ouiptcd him to groat social and pecuni-
ary iiacrilices in behalf of a cause with which the King him-
ftelf was hci-ominginore and more sympathetic He received
Lafayette gi-aciciusly. convcrsud with him freely concerning
affairs iu Amencji, and complimented him on his anccosa and
the distiuction he had achieved. Thus c<)rdiality was re-
stored i)eiweuii monarch and sulijcci, and I/jifnyette was
placed in cunuuiiiid ot" the King's regiment of dn»goons.
Jle showed his zeal for the glory of his sovereign aud of
France hy projecting enterprises for crippling the power
of Great IJritain. One of these Mas to iissait the t«>ast
of England by naval and laud forc^es, and lay Liverpool,
Bristol, and other largo commert^ial towns under heavy con-
trihutiuns for the Iienefij of American tinances. Tliis enter-
prise, which was fully Tiialured, wils to have been conducted
by the celebnited .lohn Paul Jones, for whose use Dr. Frank-
lin pnrclijisod the "lion Homme Kichanl,*' n ship of fifty
guns,* and by himself, in command of accompanying lanil
troops ; but the project was laid aside for one on a larger
scale in which Fnineo and Sptiin were to luiite, and in which
Ij:tfayotte was to hold an important command under the
Marshal de Vau.\. In reference to this command, he writes
to Washington :

" since I had the honor of wrllitig to Your Excellencj 1 Iwv* ever htra
with Coant <le Voux's army, which was dlvidiMl tnio two corps nt St.
HaIo aud Havre, and conSlaleil of three thoiisaiirt men. Another Iwdy
bu Iweii aUtlonvd In PlMidvrn, and twothouMnd dmgoons nre to ctnharlc
at Brest. The project of Invading Kn«lffliid wni. *t Bral r<-t«rdfd hy ih«

• In tU* tUtrprlM. toniHuMkHre Joiw *•»• to 1i«*b b»«i ni|t|N>Tt<ril by anallwr imtge i«

ini

RHODE ULAKD Dt THE BETOLmOX.

dlfflcaUy of tifcetlBK » •■ton oftlie Prtiieh ind Spuitih 0«eta,M Keognt
of coatruy wlodf, bj BiaranioK etbru to aa eigasvawat. tod bf Um
neccwlt; of repolriDg Into tb« harbor of Brmt. Ilow It wUI be poulble
tQ carrjr od Lite rxpedlUoo lo the aotuma U jet noi]ct«niiiD«d, ftDd It will
be dcUynl perttft|M tid next aprlng. The mlulfttir teem tot anxlons Tor
Kthis tbl» csmpslcB. **

Anodier of hio projecU w&e the emancipation of Iroland,
wbich, he aays, in a letter to Wa«hinj!;1on, "is « goo<I dca\
tire<l of English oppreasion. In cotilid(.>nce 1 would tell ^cw.
(hilt the scheme of ni_v hcurt would he to ninke it Uf; free and
independent a» Amerim. God gnint lliftt the sun of ftvodom
may ariM> for the hajipinesd of mankind. I ^hall know more
shout Ireland in a few weeks, and I will immedintcly inform
Your Excellency." But his artlent u-ishes were not realized.
At the end of u sueeeeding century, Irulaud U ^till ii mem-
ber of tb« ^ti»h Empire, sadly torn with intcdtine
tronhlcK.'

Stjll another of hU phms in aid of the United States was
to obtain from the King of Sweden the loan to America of
fonr ships of the line with half their crewa, to Im- returned
in a year u|K>n certain conditions. This wad suhmitCed to
Count de VcrgcnneA in M»y, 1779, uitli the inquiry, would
the step, in hu opinion, " \ie udvantjigftom for us? " He had
sounded the Swedish nniliu:i.sHdur, who upjH'anHl fuvonthle.
"The Swedish iinihassador," he writea, "-lays the vesseU
may l>u here in two months and a half; eoo&equently,
including the rest of the fleet, the whole might lie on the
voyage in the month of August, and arrive «t Kho<lc Inland,
Bermuda, or Komenhere eUe in .America, as .suoa ah the
rooDth of fVtolwr, which would lie in good senison." Again,
under date of Havre, l^lh July, 1771J, he writes to the Count :
"The .Swedish ninhu8.-^udor has sent me, in the name of Ins
King, the most Haltering a^^urance^, mid well suited to

•Id Jbm, j:7V,Klii«(A-orx*III.wn>ie: "8feD«MAMMl«a iMoeed In tbit, |ln4tpcwl.
nMr.) Um WmI ]«dln> nia-t Mluv. sol in tiKlriNwIcDae. bnl Atfgeudtmoe on America.
lntwJ wwiMmmo folltM, nndibl) UImiI mdaer Itvir la ■ pwr blMd, !«<«<<■"— ITiM*-
l»g$cm't WHtimf*. H., jt. SStl.

OUR FREXCH ALLIES. 163

awaken my gratitude ; l>ut the vessels are not fortli-eoining,
and if we go to America we must go under the Spanish or
French flag." IIow much further this plan was pursued
does not appear, but from what subsequently occurred, it
was probably dropped as less feasible than one in which
France should act alone.

Though happy in his friends and family, and active in the
ser%ice of his King, Lafayette did not forget the needs of
the United States, nor fail of employing his influence in
their behalf. The withdrawal of D'Estaing's fleet and four
thousand well disciplined troops, at a moment when much
had been anticipated from their active participation in the
campaigns that succeeded the siege of Savannah, could not
but be felt as a serious calamit}'. The few vessels compos-
ing the continental navy, though rendering invaluable ser-
vice to the American cause, were feeble to cope with the
heavy naval armaments of Great Britain that hovered along
the Atlantic coast ; neither could the privateers that swarmed
the sea be expected to answer the purpose of an effective
coast protection. This AVashington undoubtedly felt, and
even to his hopeful mind and eye, judging from the tone of
some of his letters, the years 1778 and 1770 had their dark
days, — days full of perjilexity arising from the temper of
Congress and the oflen distressed condition of the army.
Lafayette, too, was not slow in comprehending the situation^
and with what success he labored to supply the deficiency
created by D'Estaing's withdrawal, the sequel will show.
He was now a favorite with his countrymen, and his name
was held in honor throughout France. No less had he be-
come a favorite with the King and with his beautiful Queen,
Marie Antoinette. Indeed, his influence with the former
was so great that the old conservative Count de Maurepas,
Prime Minister, remarked one day at a council meeting : " It
is fortunate for the King that Lafayette does not take it into
his head to atrip Versailles of its furniture to send to his

164

KHODE I8IJU?I> IN THE BEVOLUTION.

dear Americnns; as His Majesty would he unalile In reftittt^
il ." '

The warmth of affectiun for WnKliington, and » desire lo
return ag»in to ihe Americau service, wero not abated by
absence, but rather dcoiienod and strengtheiaMl. To liis old
commander, lo whom be looked up ns a second father, he
w-rote from Havre, October 7, 1771» :

" 1 r there ts Mtxlhlng In France concemlug which, itot only as a soldier
but as ■ politiciAD, or la any other CAiMtclty, I etu employ my exertloDS to
tbe Mlvuitage of tbe United 8late«, I hope It Is uDiiecessary to say, thnt 1
«btll seize the oppnrtuolty. and blesa the fbrtunatc Itoiir, which stmll ren-
der ne oseflil to iliose whom I lore with all the nnlor and rrBuktiess uf
my heart-"

And again :

" Notblnji could delight me so much aa the happiness of flnUhiiif; tl>e
war oDderyotir ordem. Be c«rtalii, inydenrOenenU, that In any caM-, In
any nltoatlon, whether I act an a French or an American ofllcer, my first
wEsh, my flret pleasure, will be tu serve again with you. However happy
I am In l-'mnce. honover well trcAt«fl hy my country and Klnj;, I have
acquired soch a habit of being trith you, and am lied to yon. tn America,
and t(i my fttlow aohllcrs, by such nn alliectloii, that the moment when I
khall sail for your country, will be one of the happieMt of my life."

To the I*resjdent of Congress he wrote :

"The affairs of America I «baU ever look upon a» my drst tmslaess
while I am In Enrope. Any confidence from the King and ministers, any
popularity I may hare with my countrymen, every meana in my power,
shatl be exerted In behalf of an Interest I have so much at heart. What I
hate hitherto done or said relating to America. I think ocedle«4 to men-
tion, as Diy ardent acal Is, I hope, well known to Congrvsp In

case Coofnas believe my Influence may In any way sene them, I wish
they would direct snch orders to me, that I can the nvorc certainly and
property employ the knowledge I have of thbi Court and country for
obtaining a aucccaa Id which my heart Is so deeply interested."

It was in the spirit indicated by these extracts that Lafa-
yette Ulwrcd witJi the Kin<|^ and his ministers in beiinlf of
th« United States, and il was his happinc^, witliiu the year

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

165

he spent iti Fnince, to set; annngetueutti uiiuit!, with the*
sanction of the Kin>r, for sending a second time naviil and
militflry aid to the United ytates, to co-operate with the
Americun troops. The sliijis of war and the transports were
to be under the commiind of the Admiral Chevalier do Ter-
nay, and tUu land forces were to be commfltidcd by Lieu-
tenant-General Count de Rochuniltcnn.

It was l»y nij means easy to bring about tins result, and a
less ardent and dotermined Hdrorntr of the interests »{ the
t'nit4?d States tlian Lafayette might have pvcn up in despair.
But his roiira','1' was indomitable, tnu\ hv was not to be put
down by any (thstnclc thrown in liis wny. Ho know his
ground. Ilis familiarity with the salient points of the
enemy; his oloar j)erccj)tion of what would ensure success,
and therefiuc glory, to the French arms; his ability to
answer any qtieiition^, of a military or [mliticnl nature ; bis
knowledge of the character of Congress, and of the views of
Washington, all tpialttieil Iiim to plead in Iwhalf if :i peo-
ple strivinj; to throw oH" n burdensome yoke. His letter
addressed to the Count de Vergenncs, Minister of foreign
ad'airs, dated at Havre. July 10, 1779. explaining the state
of afluirs in America, and the uses which might bo made of
the succor be 80uj,dil, with cutire certainty of success, was a
paper rcniiirkable alike for ita clearness ami vigor of expres-
sion. As an exposition to the Kronch Minister, it could
hare been excelled, if at all. only by AVashiagtou himself.
It evidently made a strung and favorable impression upon
the cautions statesman. In the npemtinns of the proposed
expedition, Lafayette designalod N'eM*|><irt^ supposing it to
'be still in the bands uf the British, ns one of bis objective
poiota. As a local support in an attack upon that town by the
French, there were some continenlnl trooj)? at I'rovidonce
who might reach Bristol in a day. There were militia at
Tiverton, who might also be mustered. There were troops
at Greenwich and at Slude's Ferry, that could be made avail-
able. Two frigates should occupy the eastern channel, and

Km

itimnie iskanp oc tiir nKVOMrnoK.

(ii|iH> llttt iiiliUIln iiitfi n tlilnp of trifling tUnger. The res-
wU (iittiitl llii<n> kUiidIiI tiu ili'slrnvcil. Conunictit Uland
«h(i|ilil \h> Moiiird niul nuilo ii Iniut randozvons. Tlic frigalcs
(»r Vi'MiiiU tuHn'i'WH-.v to |in»lrct llio liuidiiiji;, t-itlier real or prc-
tvitiltntt itf Uiu .Vuii<r)i'lin«i nlioiili) mu'hor in those uliamiels.
Tht^ tviivtuv ^toiilil llt<>n U> oMip'J oilhor to dis]>orsc uinong
\\w IUHx, niul lltoivliv to \vi'Hkt>u his lines, vt v\se to leave
Ihv H\>M «!«« lo (he Afucrii-Hnst who, hy a diversion upon
(tw* tttH'4, wvuM l«»»w hiw tu k«H"]> them fully manned, and
|tfwi*nl him t^nn ntUmdin^ tu thfir re«r.

Npw|y»rt, IjifnYWlo t\»rtbor ^«x|tUin8, "h stroi^y forti-
lh«tt »h thr Mvlv> tumnnbi tbv laihl. btil all Ike sltorc that Um
tt^htmt lh«> loMn t\IIV>rs jbih^ f^ih'tu-^ fi^r lapding. It ts,
twM\lv>>, U^y c\tV'U5i\'v to admit of bclna; defimded by b«t-
t«fiva^ TWfv the FR«cb Inaops ni^t rasiW dbcmbuk,
awt tv<aM,4ti^)e M %i%yhtv^ th^ beigfat^, whkli cntwawd tke^
l\«<«H mm! ibr r«rwyV Uimv. mi^irt Mm tbur ovtmcks smJ
ftlvvrm «U tvf^iiw' iWw, |«vtMri<M. if m-cccseu^t, bjr the fin of
iW «i^^ TW e«M^v w«lt«<«d aiNi coalitmatid hv ihcw
Mm ^Nwfta 0* Iwkli aU«s oT tfa Mted. vimU nivMc Ikdt
^ ^UfJ^m ^ ^ f*it^ vtm «t» 111 i>|f»y>ti|, 1W kiliv
Aib)- MMMMnftVXv affwars, tkr mmv taatfiAnt w mi«t W «l'ilt

afvk.. tMwJ<wd|y8^irhBpft..li— lylAnnnsti imwlii^iirf

JhMOTWiatb. t iB^gto g'&p^ffr my!«y *» gnto giaMMurinji <f <br

-:. U^ ftillei to <iAt Ihtt tMttft 4bfe «iifl<if 1ft* jmr
I •;th lb iwft dto^iniL. <•» vomofwib aftm^K- ««&. IwB

kc^'tk-umu '1/ Hat biaqteJii^lAft vandtaniillkoifiSnmift tfliia

OUR PBKNCH ALLIES.

167

Vergonnes, shall he published, it will ap|>cai' thnt it was
mainly the personal efforts imd personal influence of Lafit-
yette, idol of tbo Froiidi people, a* ho bad made himself,
which ransed the nrmy of" Rochanihonii to he sent to Amer-
ica,"*— ft wonderful triumph for the yonng iiohleman over
whose bead no more than tweuty-two years had pa;»sed.

Having acpompliahei] the purposes for which he visited
Fmnco, Lafayette, undei- inslrnctions fi"om the French gov-
ernment, hiuttened back to America to coiniuuntcutc to Con-
gioss and to Washington " the secret that the King, willing
to give the L'uited Stales a new proof of bis affection and of
hiK interest in their Hccnrit}', is restilvod l4> svnd to their aid
at the opening of spring, six vesaels of the tine and six thou>
8arid regular troops of infantry," the convoy having ordeiT*
"to land the troops in Khodo Island, where they may ho at
hand to join "Washington's army, if he shall think it nece»-
Hftry."

Lafayette, eager to fulfil Uh mission, took hi:^ audience of
leave of the King, wearing the uniform of an American otB-
cor, thereby indicating tn His Majesty an unabated devotion
to the cause of Freedom in a far-away land. On the 19th
of Mai*ch. ITHU, be sailed from the island of Aix, in the
French frigate Ilermioue. of thirty-six guns, conmiauded by
Captain de Latouche, and arrived in Boston April *2Sth fol-
lowing, lie landed at Hancock's wharf, and was received
with the utmost enthusiasm. A civic pmccssion was formed.
whicli escorted him with loud acclamations to the residence
of Governor Hancock, where the congratulations of the citi-
zens awaited him. Alter this, he paid bi^ re:-iM>cts to the
legislature, tjjen in session. In the evening, there were gen-
enil rejoicings. The next day, the Marfjuis, accompanied
by Captain do latouche and by other oHicei-s, paid a visit to
(ieneral Heath, and wiw hospitably recoived.

Snbse^juently the Chevalier entertained on board bis vcs-

•Sfntk*.

16S

RKOPE 18r.ANn IN THK BEVOLTTTION.

Ml the rresident of ibo Massaclmsetts Council, the Speaker
and several oilier gentlemen of lio^h Houses of Assembly,
General Heath and suite, the Consul of France, the Conti-
nental Navy Ik)urd, toijetliGr with a. number of other public
offiecrs and principal gentlemen and merchants of the town.
The frigate was decked with the flags of different nations,
the Freneli and American flags being displayed in concert,
as expressive of tlie mutual friendship of the two nationa.
"Nothing," says a IJofiltiti paper, ''conhl surpaf>» \hv appear-
ance of one of tliu (iiiest Irigatus in the world." At. the
dinner thirteen toasts were drunk, each followed by a mili-
tary salute. That drunk to Wiushington received seventeen
guns, "the number," adds the paper, "given to a ^[a^•shal of
France." When the eoiii|>any took its leave, the yards
were manned, and the barges conveying the company to the
shore were saluted with thirteen gima,*

The Marquifi immediately wrote to tlie Count do Ver-
ge nnes :

" I do not kuow* wtiuUiLT Ibv rcccpUmi which I havp tuut nlcb since roy
ari-lvnl, and the liinuniGrJihlc nnrk;* of ktndnc«:j witb wliicli thfl American
pop!* linve condescended to load mc. have scrrcd to Increase my cnlbu-
slasm i but 1 tcU yon tlit cxaut truth whi^ii I itKHurr you. that I Imvc been
must Liijftily Kmli'l'^d witb llir piihlic Htrntirnent in ruynrtl to all thi' cir-
cuiiistancL'S of tbt> Frpncb alliaDce; a Tiict which may he Interesting to
you. Tbe Bitllsli aie iimjri^otl. It ts wkld. of Lbc n^tproncb of a Frencli
equadron of iroopB. I know not what la IhuUKJit of It; lint everybody
nfrrecfl, that four slilps of the line nnd three thousand men wonld produce
an Immense effect at this motncnL I am on the road to hcadquartcra.and
ho[>c hefore twelve days to lie with ticneml Wtwhin^ton in New Jersey."

The day before landing at Boston, tlR\ Abirqiiis wi*ote a
letter to Washington, to be sent off without debiy. This
was received by the General at WoiTistown. Muy 7th. He
immediately replied as follows :

■TlkL- laaii\ut» riroTidMl by the GenenLl ro«rt Iw l^afaycltc wliflc Unking In U<wiaa
wrrv OD 5(at« ilnvt.

OUR FRENCtr AJJ.IES.

169

"TO Tim MA«4Jiria DK LirAYKTTlt.

■' MoHHis-rowN, 8th Miy, 1780.

"My Drab ^[AlcqrlN ;— Vour wcIcoiim; bror or Uie S'tli uf April amie
to my tiitti(]» yusUfrday. 1 rwclvt'd It wllh all the joy Itnt the sioccrcvt
nivnUirhlp couUI rlicuu', niii] witli thut In>|>iiiloiK-u wlitch a.n anlenl tleilre
to see you coiiUl not fuiJ to Inspire. I am sorry I do tiot know your routa
throii|:h the StAt« of Nevr Vork, thut I nil^lit with certainly send ii small
party nr Unr^a (nil 1 hnvc a1 lliid pliice) to meet And escort you wifely
llti'ough tliif Tory jtelllcmi-MitM between tbLn place au<1 llic Norlli rifcr. At
a]] i-veiiU .Miijur fJlbljK will go as fiir hb I'uiuptoii, whero the rouds unite,
to Biievt yuu, und will proceed froni tlicnco ns circumstances may dlrcet,
Rlthnr towanis Kln^s Ferry or New Windsor. I most sincerely cotifnit-
iiliite yoii on your safe nrrlral lii Amoricfl, and shall cmhmce yon with all
the warmtli of an aflctctioiuit^ D-lcnd. wlien ynti con>e to liPad(|iinrt«ni,
whert n bed is prepanxl for you. Adieu, lilt we meet, yours,"

Wuahingtoii wroto. Jilso, to the Cheviilior do In Liizemc,
successor of >f. GentrJ :

_ "Yon will parttclpiite In the Joy I ftel nt the arrival of the Marqula du
Lafiiyette. No *;» uiit could Imvc n!vcii me greater pleasure oh n pervonnl
account, and motiveji of puldlc utility conspire tu mnHo U aKreenblc. He
will flliortly liAvc the honor to wait npon Voiir Kxcelleticy, and tnipnrt
inatterH of the grcntfsl inomeiit li> tlic*e Slater. He announces a fresh
and striking Iiislnuc-o of the fHcndxhip of your cotirt, which cnnnnt fall to
rontriliiile greatly to perpetuate the gratitude of thb countrj-.'*

To tho Pi-esidcnt of Congfoss he wrote :

"The Marquid de I^niyctte will have the honor to delirerto yon this
letter. I am pvrNuatltrd Congrriut will participate In the Joy I Itel at the
return of a gentleman who has so signally dintinj^ultilicd himself In th«

«cnrlce of thh country DiirlnR tlw time h« hiu been In

Frnuec, he hiis nnlfoniily tnanl^■sted the Mine zeal In our alTalr^, which
ftulmatcd his conduct n-hlle he was among us; aud bo hJis bcc^n upon nil
occasions an essential frioiid to America. He merlU, and I <Iou)il not Ton-
gns» will gIvK him. evory mark of conaidcration In their power."

M. <\e la Liwemo, a Colonel in the Frcn<:h sen-ioe, atmc to
this country in the suuic ship with tho American Minit<ter,
JohiiAcluind,furwhoni he n)>[>eurs lo h:i\'c foiiitod iihi^h opin-
ion fti* a man of leitniing, a ^'Otxl citizou, an<l " one of the most

OtJB KUKm:il ALLIEH.

171

"I have had great pleasure In the visit which the Chovallor licit Ltis«rn«
Mitl MoDRlRor Marbob did m« Uic liouor to iiiakc at tlils camp; concern-
ing both of whom I have ittihlbcd the mont IHvoraMc impressions, and I
Ibank jou for the honorahle nivnlloii you matle of me to them. The
t'hcvallor, till ho had anuoiincpd blmsclf lo CotiKrpw.dld not oliowie to be
received In hltt public character. If he hnil, except |>ayluK him military
honors. It vtaa iiul luy liiioiitloti to ilcpurt fVoin Itiiil plain and simple niftn-
uer of living, which orcortls with the real Interest and policy of mtn
Btrn^urllng under every diniculcy for the Attainment of the most lnc-ntlma-
bte blvaaiiij; of life. lilnTty. Tlic Oticvaller was polit« cnouj^h to spprow
mjr principle, nnd coniWHci-iKlnd lu iip|ieitr)iliMiii«d with i>iir Spartan livln;;.
In a word, he made un all i-xcevdlDgly linppy by his atCibilUy and good
humor wbUe be remained In camp."

M. do la Ltwerne sn'iseciuenlly learned from tho Count de
Vergenncs that lio might with propriety have accepted the
honors propofted to Im> conferrcii upon him, liocaiiso, nmoiij^
ulher reasons. Mu^snchiisetts \\m itself a t^uvercif^tk State,
and the exercise and representation of its sovereignty were
not deposited in the hands of Congress. He was introduced
to Congress, then sitting in Philadelphia, by Messrs. Math-
ews and Morris, and presented his eivdentials from tho
King. In his address, he said: "I felicitate myself tipou
l>etng iyent to a niition M'hose iiitereslj* are so intimately
blended "with our own, that I can he nsef^il to neither
t'rance nor the Ameiiean Kepnhlic, without rendering
myself agreeable Itoth to the one and to tho other."" To
this address the President of Congress made a suitable
reply.

Anxious to deliver the iiifonniilion of wliieh ho was
bearer, Lafayette hnn-iod on to the lieadt|iiiirters of Wash-
ingtoHi at which he arrived May lOlh. The teudemeus of

■Abiw t**Mrik to l.itnTrnf. wa* bom In I'url* In 17(1. He first Piitrrrd ihearrrtTand
««• Mga|«d tB li» Strvn Yrarii War, duriag Hliirh lir nliialnrd iho rank of folaiwl. tlu
ancmwda tumMl hi* ■llpntlon lo (Itpioiuaej, and tircamt dlMlDKirt'linl ai an aiiUianaailw
toTarlosa Couiti In KurvpF. Hii uHlclal rt'lalloii* njlli llir t*iillr<1 Slnlc* KOTrmmcnl
wcra af nnir r'ori' dujallou, and by Uia frkndly ivrvkv* ht< xalaad t)M atmnx ap^mtbaUoD
at CoairrcMi, anit Uir irann r< Kard of Waililnicloii. In I7*'l llanard t'nivmity Mnftrt^
npan hlia the d*fr*a of l.l^ li. lu i'tO he rrlumnl lo Fraiia-, and oaa lout amtiainwlor
ttt LoadMi, wlHira tir<U«I ^«ptll^lbc^ il. ITVi.

RHODE ISLAND IN THE KEVOLUTION.

thi8 meeting tan eiisily Iio iinaginod. Four clays of nmliial
oiijoyniont piissed, when the Miirfjuis prrvtreedcd to Pliiladol-
phia, where he conferred \yilh M. dv la Luzerno, iind [mid
his rcspo<?ts to (.'ongroKs. Ills arrival was hailed with "rreat
satiafjiction. Congress passed n i-esolulion d*^clartng; his
retiani to AnitTiea to rt'sunn; hi?* ronuiiand "a fiTsh pmnf of
tlio disintvre.sted zetd and persevering attaehrnoiit wliirh have
justly recommended him to the public contidencc and
applause, mid tlint they rfl<;civR with pleasure ii tender of the
further services of so galhint and mei-itorious an officer."

He was soon invested with the command of about two
Ihousimd men, c^onMituting the vanguard of the army, an(L
was again engaged in aelive sen'ice.

The Miin|uis was generous to his men, and took a special
interest in their neat appearance on parades. Before return-
ing to America he procured with liis private funds a large
supply of hats, shoes, swords and clothing, which wei-c gra^
tuitouely diHtrihnted to his ofKuei-s and men. Tout* were
also purchased and added to the means of comfort. "This
corps was distinguished through the romriinder of the war
by the re d-and -black pUunes which their cummaudLT bad
purehased in France, and l>y being bettor ami mora uni-
formly clothed than any other, — a distinction which waa
also duo to the same disinterested niunitieeueo." *

One day on pimule, while reviewing a regiment, tlio Miir-
<3ui8 noticed that an officer carried a broken sword. On
inquiring why this was dntio, he it^eeived the answer, " Be-
cause I am not able to pundiase a new one." The Marquis
via touched by the reply, and loosing from his Irelt bis own
sword, presented It to the destitute otHcer, who received it
with manifestations of warm gratitude. The recipient of
this unexpected favor was hicntcnant Thomas Coles, of
Providence.

Lieutenant Coles was the shn of an English ofHt«r, ftnd

• Cuitxr.

OUB PRKNCH ALLIES.

173

WM Ijuni Deconiber £), 1753. At tliQ date uf bis hirtli bis
fiithur was niiitiunei) in Ireland. Wlien twelve yvnn of age
ho left his home in Kngland, and as u
siiilor on Inmnl n merchant vessol, canio
to this country. After some yours he
entered the ariuy, serving to the end of
the Kcvohition. Soptember 2!(, T77'.l,
he WHS rnniniissioned an Knsign in tht-
fourth MutiaauhiiHetts re^menl* and at a
later period was coinmisKiiined Iiy Gov-
ernor Uancoek a Lieutenant in the MaH-
sauhusetts line. In 1779 be was C.'nptain
of the lhii*d eompany in the first battal-
ion of Khode Islnnd forces commandod
by Colonel Christopher <irccne. Ac-
uording to Di-ake, he became an Aid-
de-Camp to Gcncnd Lafayette, and ■ w s^h

towards the close of the war he hel<l a Ifl^H -^

similar position in the military family of
Gunend Patterson, with the rank of
Major, receiving his commiseion from
Genenil Washington. It is aUo sai<l
that he was present at the siege of
Yorktown. He ultimately held the com-
mitision of Colonel in the lihode Island
militia. After the close of the war ho
for aonio years sailed as Captain of a
vessel Iteloiifriiig to the house of Clarke
and Nightingsile, of Providence.

April 27, 1806» Colonel Coles received
notice from the Honorable Albert Galla-
tin, Secretary of the Treasury, that him-
aelff M'illiam Latham, and Jonattian
Price, wero appointed roniniissioners to
survey tho efHiat of North CaroliuH. between Ciipe Hutteras
and Capo Foar. In a letter to his friend Kichard JarkMjn,

174

AHOUE ISLAI

Jr., Esq., of Providence, K, I., Colonel t^Ics siiys: "The
Imsinesrt of the survey of this coast has boon attended with
many iier{)1cxing circumst-nncBS, a great deal of risk, and no
small proportion of vexations. However, it is now coro-
plelud, and in Ibis country ;:;ivcs universal satisfuction ;
indeed, it is the host stincy of Ihc kind ever made in Amer-
ica, by oixler of the government. "

Jime 27, 1808, Colonel Colos received from (Jovcmor
James Fennor a rommis.sion as Commissary-Cicncrnl of the
State of Khode Island. He wius one of tlie original uieui-
bera of the Rhode Islnnd Society of the Cincinnati, and for
many yoars was its faithful Treasurer. His tippointmcnt,
upon parchment dated .lanufiry, 1784, signed by Henry
KooK, t?ecrctrtry, and George AVashiuj^on, President, des-
ignates him as "Thomas Coles, Esq., a Captain in tho lato
imny of the ITniied Stiiles." From ISOJt to 18211 he was
Collector of the port of Providence, from which office be
was removed I>y Presideul .lackson.

Colonel Coles was mnrried to Sally AVallccr, daughter of
Ephntim Walker, of I'mvidence, R. I., hy the Kev. Joseph
Snow, Fehniarj'' 21, 1779. Ills home w»3 in a house long-
since removed, which stood on the comer of Westminster
and Snow sti^ots, next onst of the present " Ilojjpin Home-
stead Building." lie died Ootolier 13, 1844, lamented and
honored hy the entire community. (.'ontempor;u'iet> who
still survive descrihe him as a gentleman of the old school,
of commamling presence and elef;ant manners. Three por-
traits of ('olonel Coles, [Miinted at dilfercnt {)crio<ls of life,
are extant. One of these, painted by Young, i-i in the pos-
session of the Khude Island Historical Society.

The sword previously mentioned, so unexpectedly pi*6-

NOTK.— The fnurth MnKMuliuatlu rritinirnl of foot In llm ranElnrnlnl »rmy. In irltkli
UimUaBlit Cnlr* •itm'cI, na* mrnmutdi'i] hj CnlotirJ Wllllnni Sliriuml. Illc nuniinbdoa
OT UmtmADl IoIm, •IsnMl by Governor John Hnncock, nnel counlcriljtnnl bf Jvtidi
Anrj, Beetv*«r7, wm ilntnl at iki#loii> FcbruRrx ^i l^'-

OUR KBENCII ALLIES.

175

nented In Liciitoiiiint CoIob by Iiib iio)>Ic coin ninix lor, of
which tlio engmving shoim on pngo 173 is an exact copy, is
still preHLTvuii in tlio possession of Frederick Street Hoj>-
pin, Kin\., of Providence, the eldest son of tlio Honontble
AVilliaro W. Iloppin, Ex-Governor of lUiode Ti^land. It
came to him as a Iiequcst from C'olunol Coles, in thcso
words : " I jjive to Frederick Street IIo])pin, son of Willinm
^\'. Hoppiu, and hiit heirs, my faithful sword 'Ljifayette.'"
It h cherished ns an invnluablo souvenir of "tho times that
tried nion'.s souls," and of a ropre.scntativf patriot of Ameri-
ca's French Allies.

Tho sword is of nipier form. The grip and guard aro
of silver -, the sword knot U of heavy gold bullton ; and the
bia«le 18 handsomely cirnanieiitcd in btite and gold. The
spontaneity of the gitl, and the circumstances under which
it WHS made, awakened in the heart of the rcc-ipieal a senti-
ment of uHcction for tho giver, that slrenglhene*! with
incrc!i--iiig years until the close of life. When the new.'* of
the death of Lafayette reached the United States, (."oloncl
Coles draped the swonl with black crape, us an expression
of deep grief for tho loss of a very dear and tenderly
remembered friend. It remained thus deconited until after
the Colonel's decease. When the centennial representatives
of France — the guests of the Nation — visited Providence,
November 1, 1881, great enthusiasm was excited among
them by an in*j»cction of the sword and by a relation of its
romantic history. This examination took place at the Nar-
rngansett Hotel, where the dislingui-theil party was intro-
duced to Kx-Goveruor lloppiri and the "faithful Jjafayotte"
by Colonel William Goddard. After a careful and eager
'examination of the venerable relic of ono dear alike to
France and America, one of the French delug:itiun most
deeply interested handed to the Ex-Govcmor his card, with
a pencil note, the whole i-eadiug " FiuNCOis De Corcelle,
Ui^dacteur ati Di^partement dea Affaires Etrangcros, great-

T76

HHODE IBLAMD IK THE REVOLUTION.

grandson of GcDcml Liitityctte." This curd will bave an
botiored pliu-e with the honored swoinJ."

Another incident, no lo8«i toucliin^ than the foregoing,
occurred nt Koxbnry, Maas., in 1K^4, whilst tlio .Mnrquii^, as
the giioflt of the Nation, vns innking .1 tour of Ihc United
Stute8, of which tour more will hereuftcr be siiid. While
awiiiting at the house of Govenior Willitini Kuti>ti$, Iiis old
friend and conipitniou in urme, the con]]>Ietion of aixangc-
ments for a formal entrance into Iio»ton, an aitl-de-cauip
brought into the chamber and introduced to him » young
man, who carried a sword in his hand, winch he handed to
the General. "Do you know tliat sword?" said he. "I
see," replied the (ienoral, " (hat it resembles those I
brought from France, to ami the snbHltems of my light
infantry.*' " It is in fact one of them," said the young man ;
"my father received it from your hands. He used it glori-
ously for the contjuejit of our Indci>endciicc ; he cjireftilly
preserved it in memory of his General, and he would have
rejoiced to present it to you himself. Day before yesteniay
he still hoped to do it, and this hope comforter! his last
momenta, but on that day hu died. He wiu< poor, and left
me no wealth ; but ho has loft me this sword, which will bo
the most prf-cious poasegaloD. if you sanction the gift he has
nuide me." While he spoke, the General liad takcli the
sword fi'om his h.inds, .and examined it with interest. He
retuiiicd it to him saying: "Take it, keep it carefully, that
It may serve in your hands to prei^erve the rights, to the
acquisition of which it so valiantly contributed in the
hands of your father." The young man received the sword
with ti-an»{>ort, and departed pronouncing with tenderness
the names of his father and lAfayotte.f

Still another Kevolutionary souvenir of the Maniuis may
properly be mentioned here. Onc*e when passing through

• Itr the tUU at Itw TnnA OOtfUkm to rrorfchww, a
1 1 jilBfvtto !■ AnMvkm, I.. IE. 31.

rxtrMiltd nriOee wtU Im

OUR FBKNCH ALLIES,

177

Kbodn Isliiiid, he stojtpoU for eiitertiiiumunl ul (lie Uvcrn in
Cranston, then kept hy Sir. John Fiske, for whom Fiske-
villo in niniieJ, IIk? huiisL' siiUrulitiJi^ on the ctftatc now owned
hy the heirs of Mr. Uenrj* Lawton. Ik'rc be met n tlmnu-
ing girl, Miss iJoUy Knight, who ullorwurd married Colo-
net Ilciiry Whitman. So delighted viaa the ^tartjuis with
Rohy, that he presented to her a bcaiitit'iil liict^jiuuvd, paintctl
hox, which she prized above gold, and of which she ever
iMiHstcd M'ith a h>ving piide. This souvenir is now the
eheri.^hod pmperty of lier grand-thiughter, Iljittie W. Und-
lorig, of Utittonwootls, Warwitk, H. I., and will Iw saerudly
guarded in the fnlurc as it has liecn in the pa«t."

The two following instances illustnitc the readiness of the
Manpiis to draw n]i()n his private fortune whenever hy so
doing the aiTOy or the govenmient could he henetited.
When, in 1778, he decided to accept the command of an exjic-
ditinn ugain.st Canada, ^aid to hare been planned at the insti-
galion of Genend G»te», for the purjwise uf jtepwrating tlic
Marquis fitim Washinglon. he resolved lo supply the wants
of his army hy drawing prirate bills on France to the amount
of live ur six thousand guineas, and to present that sum to
Congress ns a proof of liis love for America, and the rights
nf hnman nature. Tnsuflicieut means, and other causes, led
to the iilMindonnient of the expedition. In April, 1781, he
Iwrrowed £2,0ft0 of merchants in Raltimore, with which he
purchased shiils, linen, overalls, ^hoes and hats for his
men, — making himself i-esimiisible for the loan at the risk
of disposing of his estate in Fnmce to meet the obligiition.

As the year 177!' closed, a heavy shadow rested upon the
prospects of the country. The anlTcringa of the army were
sudi that nothing hut the most devoted patriotism could
have held it together. "The situation of ouranny Ht this
lime," write.-) M'a.shington to Governor Livingston, Decem-
Iwr 21, "cumpui*ed with that of the enemy, makes tt tiecvs-

•Pro*lilrit«>l«lly Joiinwl.No>TilBtMr>; IM.

S8

RHODE IBLAKD IN THE REVOLUTTON.

snry wu slumU! I»e very much upon our gniard. Tbey Liivo
more than douMe om- force collccteil, and wc are moiilder-
iug away daily. TUcy havu beeu Kowetiiue ])a*it making a
allow of cnilwirkation ; but wlietber it is eiiioere, or a moiv
feint to lull us into security, is not easy to tell ; but if they
ix'ally design to make lai^e di!tacbin«nts, tlit-y musl be re-
stniini'd by their uncertainty of the motions of tho French
squadroD ; and if this or any other obstruction should con-
tinue, 8ir Henry Clinton may think himself Iwund to
improve the inten-al in an ort'enslvc operation ajjaJnat this
army. He cunnol jimlify rumaiuiii^ inuetive with a furcu so

superior, and so many temptations to action

Ho is not ignorant of the gnialliic-ss of our nmnlnn'a, uiid the
distress of our magazines. He knows we have boon obliged,
for want of forage, to send the horses of the amiy to a dis-
tance for it. He cannot be in»eni^ible of the evils he would
bring tipon us by dislodging us from our winter quarters.
The loss of our huts at this inclement season would be a
most serious calamity. This loss would Jn alt probability
be accompanied by that of a great part of our baggage, and
a, nnuilMjr of our men by desertions. It is diUienlt to deter-
mine the extent of the evils, if at so cntical a jnnctnrc we
should experience a failure of provisions, which we bliouUl
have every reason to tipprcliend."

The failure of Count D'Kstaing in the attempt on Savan-
nah, and the lateness of the season, convinced Washington
that his hope of co-operation between the fleet and the army
in any artivc openitlons must, for the present, be siispendod,
if not wholly abandimed, and tiU that rcniainod to be done
was to select suitable localities in which to quarter the
troops for tlio winter. "I am now* using my best endeav-
ors," he writes, " to set tilings in tniin for puttijig the army
in rjuartcrs. The distribution of eloUiing, owing to its late
anival, the sciuitiiiess of the sl^K-k, the divei-sity in color

*NOT«inbOT9l.

Om FRENCH ALLIES.

179

and qiiulity, its not hnving lieon proiwrly assorted when
packed, iiw] tUe alMoiivc of clothiers uiiOor various jireteneea
for getting nrlirlos that would I»o rU'ficieiil, hiivo iirovcd n
soiirwi of the most irksome deby and difficulty." In dc-
scnhing his own situation at Murristowii, Junimry 22. 1780,
he says : " I have hecn at my present heiidr|unrlcrs sinto tho
first day of December, and have not a kitchen to cook a
dinner in, allhough the logs liave been put togothcr some
considemhjc time hy my own g^iuird. Nor is there a place
nt this moment in whicti a servant can Irxliri!. uilli the sniall-
c.Ht de;n*c of comfort. Ktghteen lielonging (o my family,
and all Mrs. Foifl's are cntwdcil ttigclher in her kitchen,
and 8farc:e one of them able to speuk for the colds they havo
caught." The army at headquarters, with respect to provis-
ions, ivas in more extrcmo distro^^s tlian had hoen experi-
enced at any former period. " For a fort,night past," Wash-
ington wmte to the MagistrHtes of Keiv Jersey, from whom
he canieatly solicited relief, "the lri>ups, ImjIIi otDcera and
men, have heen almost perishing for want. They have been
alternately without hreail tn'racat the whole timo, with a very
scanty allowance of either, and fn.»(|iicntly destitute of both.
They have borne their sull'erings with a patience that merits
the approbation and ought tu excite the sympathy of their
countrymen. Hut they arc now reduced to an extremity no
hmgtir to bo supported. Their distress has in some instimccs
prompted tho men to commit depredations on tlie ])rnperty
of the inbAhitant^i-nhicb at any other period would be pun-
ished with exemplary severity, but which can now Iks only
lamented, as tlie effect of an unfortunate necessity."

A similar destitution was felt in Ubodc Islntid, both hy
soldiei-s and cili7x;ns, though to an extent less extreme. A
depreciated currency, alrejidy noticed, the scarcity of specie^
and the consequent high cost of living, threatening u famine
in the State, bore heavily upon tlio laboring classes. While
the inhabitants of Xew|)oi-t, Middletowu and Puilsmouth
were suffering from the intensely cold winter of 1771)— HO,

PART V.

OUTLOOK OF THE ITTITIE.

WILL THE BRITISH RETDRN TO VEWPORT?- FRENCH AID
COMISG.-TIIE SECRET REVEALED TO TIIE ENfSLISH.- EX-
PEDltlON A0A1>'&T CAXADA ABANDOXED.- PHILADELPHIA
EVACirATED.— WARIII.VCiTOX'S yEKLINlJH. — AN AIIVISORV
COMMI'n'EE AI'I'OINTEI). — NOT[CKS OK GENERAL fiCIIUV-
LER AND DR. NATHANIEL PKAROny. — CONDITIOH OF THE
AllMY.-PRKl'ARATtON TO KECEIVK THB FRENCH ALLIES^
CKULSE OK THE HKKMIOSK.— HOSPITALS PROVJDED.

v\ LTIIOUGII by the evnoiiation of Newport (ho British
^Z.^ appoarcci to have nhandoncd jill interest in it as a mil-
iUiry and naval statiun, neither Gates nor Washington folt
f|iiit« RUffi, that with the control of Long Island Sound, thoy
might not suddeuly appear and attempt to rt>po88e*9 them-
selves (}( the tnwii and island as a strntogio point, from
whicli the oodJit and interior of the Stato ^^ouKl be constantly
harassed. Were this to be done, it would become necos-
aary lo keep a considerable body of continental troops in
lihodo Island, ready to check or repel any hostile movement
of the enemy, in order Ut enable tho farmers, of which the
militia were lai-gcly composed, to attend to tho cultivation of
their cropa, so essential to answer the pressing waiita of tho
camp, and of tho horaca of the State. This, too, would

u«

^e

b m

HJiiBtt taumtm Ufa* K^^KAOmm

iip-

m far y wfw ■■!. lliMlfi, »i Owiiii Ik

JuHcnnm <flr "Mhi mi wtaiSn Vip 'o^himBmihs V^V' Ihpb
WHBr- 4br w*i«|i; in nmmn vVk k, md ^hr Wfw ||i«an tn
<lMr OnttM&nft -irf" Miiii^ Trcouii Irm^ apwoiia Htmrtmaa-

WMUM <tfr4b» tdWUufN WHi.'wnKiv.VBl wmwHateTiiv-
A-idpd t#i bt wiat ivUb tfaf- imtfiB, aonnnr hi fwiMft|r itn tiiat
-«dUMlr> n» ftu- uliimiiti* aM^aio^ /if <lw ■T'"^"'r'* Me*-
■MMk iuMr«i liMUt takiui to Ailfadl 4ii» jw^gadL 8t is iboppil

wKli Uu- tmnp», wbom 700 i«rfin> dmiiipfiiiiii^ Ui wndhig
tl> nar." The mtoU^iUMv lien} otlad Amiid te IV9- to

li. M ibrot^fli RKinrToHc!|Mi}ier.

Hnwovni- pripubiT the idiM of tbr H)tu|UtMl. of Ouuuin
ini;'lit huvf hiwu). nr u> wiiitl<^vnr inrtfint it mifltt havr (won
iMitt'rttiinnil l.»y lh»- rronoli pm-nnimMit, the i^xpfHlltiniie of
Aniold iinii TlltmL^ctmor}' intii tlwt r-ftuiitrii in ITTn tmd
ipniTMl ttMt the uitHnrtakitig «rwf ntK aii ett^y oiw, and tl»l

llw I ' i'>r ni the tiutivc |wi|MilntJnn nnd tkn

III til- ' ml tw- ]tlnrnil iipmi Ihr Imliiuw Mr- ullic^.

Would rendar n «c>[-und HttAinpt, ovsti witii naml co-op»m-

OUR FRENCH AI.L1F».

183

tioii, u prul)lL>Di. At all events, for siiflicicfut itMsoiiii, ibe
|)lan of ooii(|iiedt war* iilMUidoned.*

I'orewanied, Sir Ileiiry Clinton, with the design of eon-
ceiitmtiii^ his farires liefore the iirriviil of the Froncli, cviic-
imted Piiihidclpliia, nnd thitt city was rcstoreil to AmerifHii
rule. Then fulluwcd the huttlc of Montiioiith, att the close
of a second period in the «'ar for Independence. In sur-
veying the past, Washington wrote from AVhite Thiins : **U
is not a little pleusixig, nor less wonderful to conteniphitc,
that al\er two yeaiM of niiino'iivcring, and under^^iug tho
strangest vicissitudes lluit perhaps ever attended any one
contest ainitc the ercalion, hoth armies lire lirought luiek lo
tlie Torj' point they set out from, and that the otTending
party al the lio;j;iniiiiig is now reduced to the use of the
Hpiiih- and tliu pickaxe for defence. The hand of l'rr>vi<lenee
has heen so conspicuous in all this, that he need Ije worse
than an inttdel (hat laek^ Inilli, and more liiuii wirked t!iat
hiLs not gratitude enough to acknowledge his obligations."

The expediency' of preparing a plan of operations in ccn-
jun(!tion with the Fi-cnch allies without waiting to cnnsidt
with Rochambeau and De Tcmay, was objected to by Wash-
ington, who pmbably chose to await their coming to ensure
entire harmony of feeling and action. "Gencnd WiL-jhing-
ton," wrote M. dc la Luzerne to the French Ministry,
"whose circunisfHsetion increases in projmrtion to the confi-
dence reposed in him by C-ongrcss, would not take upon
himself the respont^ibility of arranging a plan of cnmhincd
o[icmtiona. After having assured the Marquis de Lafayette
that lie wuidd apply himiself with all poco^ihle activity to
hiu^ten forwanl rocniil^ and to collect proviuiuns, he desired
him to proceed immediately to Philadelphia, and to con-
cxrrt further nioasiires with the French Minister, particularly
as to the cKpcdloncy of acquainting Congress with the secret
of the expeclod arrival of the French troops," — a secret no

longer.

•AiiU,pp. m. lex.

OUR FRENCir ALLIES.

185

iDgtou thnt (JcDcral ^chii^'ler, Mr. Mathews, and Mr. James
Dtmne should be mcmbct^. Of the 6rst named he said,
" no man can be mora useful." In a pmctical point of view
the plan was a good one, and displityed the wise forecast of
its author. A committee of three, near at hand for consul-
tation, would ensure a prompt and barmoniouti dctsision,
M'hich his experience hud taught him could not ahvnys be
expected from Cou-^Tces. The committee was appointed,
and consisted of General Philip Schuyler,* J. W. Atathcwa,
aod Nathaniel Pcnbody.f

CONDITION OF TUE AHMY.

So far as the nimy was coneerned , the year 1 780 opened
very much as the [ireeetling year Lad closed, — dreary, yet
not hopeless. Its condition ia described in a circular letter,
a copy of which was sent to the several States, from Now
IIampii»hrre to Viipnia, inclusive, the object being to ensure
the adoption of measures in each Stale that would promptly
secure men and necessary supplies for tlie army. One of
the early ni^ts of the congressional advisory committee, in
camp with "Wasliin^on at Morristown, New Jersey, was
to address a long letter ou the subject to the Governor

*Cipnenil nini|>Scliujl«r wa» bum in Albany, N. T., NoraiibprS, iru, miiIiIU-O tti««
NmcnibcT Is, 1M>I. Ili^ cArlr'ntrriMDirinllllftrflKc. WM ■ i «ptilci at Cort Uward, in
ITU, bihI a SluJur.Oriirru] ta 17T&. N*' vai [ilnci-il In coinnmnd of Ihc iiortlicra nrui; Cm
the l»v«.*liin at '.'annila, but OD •cmanl of ill-)ivnli1i gni-c pl>c« to firiirrnl MaDlgoiucrjt.
lie e»mnw<lp4 ttn- urmr ibM «m clioa up to ijcovral (lKt>-* ai SaiMORii; uid tlw pJaB «f
lb*CMnp«lgnB|tain>l lliir)[0]rni>ir«<*ald U> tiBv* bt*a for mm) bf him. lis linlil lib mil I-
tmrMiiBil»l«nuitiil ITnMrben Im realirn**). *im1 aft*nrard* bKViiit n mttnbcT of Ibo
CaHlbmlal f 'on|rn». Hi- ithk turfn rin^nl I'liltal Statn S^istur, bmldM Ixilillng athrr
iHponaM chll oflioM. Ilv WM ■ dettitcd palrtvU attd *>-M lil^liljr MteroMd bj Wiuhliiit.
tM.— ShAm H/i« and Tim*t. by iriVMlny.

t >f»th«ulv] r*abodr KM bom In Tu|mAcIiI, »■»., Monlt 1. 17*1. Ilr slutlicd mrdlclM
Wllh hb AMhtr, niKl wllleil m* ■ phyilvSMi In PUtdoiir, N. II., and iru oiiv mf 1h» faunJvrm
of Hm Neir llainpililn )lc4icA] SoelMr. H« vm apiiolitlrj A<Uuiaat-Of<iHval of ihr Sf*ta
MillltU. and In llul citucH; tRrrcil rindcr UcnrnU W1ii|i|it» In <jt-iK-r«l SuUliBn** coiapulgii
Ml KhiKlif Iilaail, for trvvra) y^tr* Itr wmt iiwioT-Ovatni of t\» nilllila. Ilv wm m ri*l»-
KBlr In tl>■^ I'cullkcbliii CoDfii«H. Spraki-r of the K«it lIoBtiptliln- n(iu*i> of Hi|ililWli*l
titei. BOil llllol nioHf a>li«« miioRalblc oAliwi. ]l(i olodogjrBr* in-rv alMtrfow**] by liwo.
elkl cBibiwniKininiU. Ua dlrd m bxrior, N. a., ,t«iw 'K, ItOX

n

■ \ir:^: r.- ii:. .,i- :-t-:... li^t.^^ '•f-TT- z-zz. z:t t -."■■xTair

" ^L' t ;■"" ~-"a ' J' .1' :■;■ IV tT"*lT' tT^- AS. ^ri.ldC O*

^ ""1 a'.'." T ..- .. ■ "?—•,"; :■ ■'"■ !' •'■ r'.*ii- lUi rta- rv-?. n: ai^ f moh'-

J-- a:' v.-": ., ,- .• ■ ^.i:- .1: ■"■ T*a-' 'T,z. '.'■ .■.imiLT^kC"* ■ SiJl'.:' X"^'- JIT"

»srii-Mi,- - ■ ■:_ :> ■ - :-:-i. r^--, ■i':>ss-.;i;^ is r~'>c> ~'it a." i

uj.' L3i ■• ■ : . :■■■ yri— .■■ ■.■!. . ~ii: i Tn^ •■' .. T~^ u:su-:' r"^

in I '."TiiE "•^ I'lTv-- 1 — ■ :i,,>*T-.'><ji:- r<'jf*-.~" Bft- ■":-

.— ^•-. -.-, •.■..■■:..■•-. • *;it: ;-,-. » ■-..■.■■— ----.-r:- likiuabu.

.■;: T - ■ ■ .; -.>,*;■• —.' ■ .r-i-i.MT-»i.:- n t.-:-

.-. .It.. --■ :-»^.- ...... ;-. ;. -?i|T-i- , —i. •■■!;. ■-■■: Tl

r :. ,.. ..,-T-' ■■ ■ ■■'-.-. .- -B- -■ ■■ .-. — -- utu.

'".■■L :;■ — :■ "^ - ■■■■" -- " i '."st-- t h,t •.■.t^iivthIii'

i ■::.-.■ -■-;:•- ■ « ■ T-->, r - -KC-.i,r*. .'•%•.:>• uii.

V -V. •■ *■ ■ i-v -.

OUR FBKNCH ALLIB8.

187

clU, ftuii rendered subaervlcnl to th« Interaeta of ttieAe Smcm. This gen-
erosity on the part ofonr lllnfltrlniin nlly, Ntr<>nglj poiiite oiit ihc ncrnwliy
or tAkiiig every prceauUou in our power, that his views maj aul be fras-
li'uted, nor his «rms dlsjtracnl. Indeed, wv xliuiild b« Ivti w)lli4mt the
shadow or an cxcutto, Mhuuldwo tbrougb lDalt«ntlou or indecision n7gl«cC
to nrall ourselves of the odvanta^ies to whicb fuuli a cupitnl succor \s
capable of b^Ing linproveil. W'c stiould df|p-ude our cliarHrter, disgrace
our arms, and evince tn nit the world that we vren either di^ltctitu of
, resoaroei, wanted exertion to draw them forth, or wl»dom u> apply IheiB ;
•IXI elllwr would tend to dlncrcdll our cause, and stamp Uic»e States vritb
tndeUbl« p«lua of tufiLRiy."

It was the decided opiiiioii of AViisbington that on the
arrival of the French fleet the first object ought to be the
reduction of J<ew York, and ho requested Lnfayetle to write
to 0>unt de Rochambeau and Admiral De Tcrnny "rging
Ihein to proceed, both fleet and ai-my, with all possible
exi>cdition to Sandy Hook, where they would be met with
further ndvices of the precise siliiation, atrenglh and dispo-
sition of the cnnmy, and of the American army, and with
pmposals for their future movenirnts. Hut, unccilain as to
what ]>art of the American ooattt the lleet might tirst make,
AVashin^un cauHed persons to be stationed at dilTcrent
point:;, to give the coming Allies signals, and to make to
them aomc necessary communications. For the same pur-
pose he sent Major (ialvan to (lape Henry, and wrote to
Governor Jefferson, of Virginia, retpiesting him to supply
the Major with the necessary number of lioatjtwilh wbteh to
go ofl' ujwn the ap]wamnce of the fleet. As it apiM^ared,
however, that in accordance with the instniclion«> given to
I^afayette by the Count de Vergeuncs, KewjKirt was*, fur a
time at least, to be made the base of o^ierations, nothing
remained for the ('ommander-in-(-'hief hut to exert himself
in securing for the allies satiafaetory accommodations.

Between the time that Lafayette leil Boi^ton for the head-
quarters of Washington ami Congress, and the nirival of the
French fleet at Newport, M. De la Tauchc was actively
employed in cruising along the Atlantic (xmst in search of
the enemy.

188

RHODE ISLAND IN THE RKVOI.tTTlON.

Oil tlio 141h of May, the Hcrmiono sailed from Boston on
B cruise to tho eastwanl. She mndo a visit to Penol)scot,
and took a near view of the British fort at Bflggaducc. The
Njnttiliis and the Alhaiiy, under the conimuml of A[owall,
who hurnt FHlniouth, were «t anchor without the fort, Imt
upon the approach of tlie Ilenuioiie immediately retired
liGhind it. The llcrmione lirst appeiired under Itiitish col-
ors, which the enemy did not choose to trust, and aftenriirds
lired a gun of defiance, which he did not dare to accept.
M. De In Toucho lay at anchor until ho took a plan of the
enemy's post, and returned to Boston on the 21st. On the
7th of June, during another cruise, the Herniiono fell in
with and gave hattle to the British frigntc Iris, of 32 gima,
comuiauded by Captain James Hawker, and after an eugAj^
ment of more than one hour, the latter drew off very much
ilamagod in her rigging and sails, and most of her studding-
t^ail bonms and gear shot away. In this acliou the Uer-
mione had ten men killed and thirty-seven wouiuied. Amonp^
the latter wei-e M, Do la Tuuche and two of his ofljcers.
One of these, M. VelertKilB, First Lieulenant, died at New-
port, July 17th, and his remains were intended there on ihc
18th. Of the crew of the Iris, seven were reported killed
and nine wounded. Lieutenant Bourne, of Ihc marines, was
numbered with the latter. One of the wounded j>ulis<'<iiiently
died. A report of this action, made by Captain Hawker,
claiming an advantage gained over the Ilermionc, and inti-
mating that her commander ingloriously withdrew from the
contest, drew from II. l>e la Toucho a spirited reply, in which
this passage occurs : " If you lost fewer men than I did, and
your i<hip was Ic^s damaged, what reason had you not to
continue the action? Ynu saw the miserable condition of
my rigging, and the impossil)ility of my maua-uvering and
of steering any other coursti than licfnro the wind, whilst
your situation put it in j'onr power to t.ike the advantage of
the wind, for the puipose of retreating. You are either
deficient in LnitU in not acknowledging your loss, or else

OUR FRKNCII ALLIES.

189

you wanted spirit in declining the combat, when your loss
was so trifling, and considering the advantage you had over
me from the good success of your shot." To this letter
Cuptiiin llawkcr sent a reply, reaffirming the correctness of
his report, and there the discuission ended. Tlie truth was
that both vessels were severely dauiHgcd, hot the Iris the
most.* Correctly, it was, suUstantially, a drawn l<ntthv

In dune, the lleimionc ciipLured and sent inlcj Dnrlniowlh
a brig l>ound from Ireland to Now York, laden with butter,
^«Ottp, candles, etc. This prize was subsequently brought
into Providence.

WAKTB ANTICIPATED.

Colonel Ethis DcCom}', a French Commissary, who came
as ft passenger in the Ileroiione with Lafayette, left Phila-
delphia and proceeded to Providence, bearing letters of
introduction from the Honorable Samuel llimlingtcm, Presi-
dent of Congress, and from General Washington to Gov-
ernor Williaui Greene, recommending him to favorable
notice. The object of M. DeComy at this time wm,
thraugh "the needful aid and advice" of the Governor, to
provide a hospital and procure supplies in nnticipatinn of
the arrival of the Fi-oncb AlUes. With a similar Inteut,
AV'nshiiiglon, anxious to meet their expecljitions, sent for-
ward Doctor James Craik, a rogidar army surgeon, with a
letter of introduction to Governor Greene, "to take up
proper houses for hospitals, and to make some previous
arrangemcDls in that department." The letter was as fol-
lows :

'*HiuDOiUMTens, Morri&town, May 35, 1780.

**Buii— Doctor Crilk. Asaiaiatii Dln-'CtorGcncnil or tlie hospltalu Id
oar Krmjr, will bnve the honor of delivering tbia letter to Yoar Kxcel-
lency.

■This gpiitlciii!i<i conivs to PruvidcDco to provide tiospltals uDd such
rvA'mliiix-titii tM uiuy bt! nHtiLet] lu Llie Ant InHtoiicu Tur Lbv nick, wblcl)

•i'niitl<fc>*n UajiFiir, Julj' 9, i;w, BlvlafKNi'* R<>}il Un*rtl*, Julf, \n/f.

OCR FREXCH ALLIES.

191

which will bu piinctunlly pild by Mods. Corny, Conintiisary at War u> UU
MmI ChriHilnn Majcirj; or Mr. Duimour. Mn Coimul, In ROld or iillver,
or In bills of cxchu»se on yritncv. uu their arrival «t Frorkloncc- One of
IhOM f entlemon will bo Uicre la a short Uidc

" I hnv* the liuiiur to be, wltb ihe blgb«sC respect,

" Vonr Excelleucy's'inost obedient serTaat,

^^

' To HI* Bzcelleucy Governor Gr<?ei)e.'

In response to tliis letter, tlio General Assembly voted

1(1 resolved :

and

"That It t>c. and hereby le, recouiiuuudoiJ lo Epbralia Bowcu, Jr., Esq.,
Deputy-Qunricnn aster Qeneral, tn csuso the buildings on the fhrm In
Brislo), hitely bclon^ner to William V«.«iiuil. Rsq., to be tminedfaCcly put
In proper repair Tor the said pnrpoae; mid Lhnt becnasc socb additional
bnlldiugA to be erected on tlu^ xiilil nirm, atid on the school fhrin luljolnlnjf
thereto, as sball, with the bulldln;;s first metitloned, be Hufllclenl to con-
tain the numbers, and answer the purposes pointed out hi the said Instruc'
lions to Dr. Cralk.

"That John I. Clark, Jonathan A mold, and Becijainln Uoome, Esqa.,
be. and ihey are hereby, appointed a committee to advise with the said
Ephrairo Bowen, Jr.. n:«pecttnf; the n-pair» nccensarj for the Bald bulld-
IngN, and the tnoat sQltablo places to erect new ones; and tliat lo case the
namber of aick shall exceed the provision made for them, the Bald com-
mittee adrUe the sold Eptiralm Bowcn. Jr.. where and what otlier build-
lags shall be taken op for their accommodation and comrort; and fbr the
more speedily clTecting the arorcsaid purposes. —

" rt la hereby recommended to the said Kpliralm Itowen, Jr., to cause
anch barrockH lu inny be at ThiTton, mid at the north end of libodv
Inland, lo be removed to the said farms; and also to matte ose of a Ur^
Arame lu Tlverlon, near Colonel Pardon Gray's.

" It is further voted and resokc'd, that Dr. •lonnthnn Arnold and Dr.
Isaac 8enter. be, and they are hereby, appointed a oommlttee to odrlse
with the aald Dr. Cralk, respecting the oecessary meana and menaure« to
be puraned to prevent any contagious disorders, which may prevail
aiooogat the said sick, from being communicated to Uic InltabltnnU of this
State.

"And for ennbUns; the said Ephmlm Bowen, Jr., lo carry the aforesaid
parpoma into execution, and to supply the said Dr. Cniik. agreeably to
ttaetald request,—

192

RHODE ISLAND !>* THE BEVOLUTION.

" It la ftirtber volvd aud rc8olv«d, tUat he be, nod hereby is, empowonsd
lo drsw the %am o( £10,000, luwAiI moncr, out of the ({eoeral treasar;.''

lAirtber action of the Genoml Assemlily was as follows :

'* Wherean, Ephralm Bawco, Jr., Esq., I>oputjr-QuarU(rnin»lcr-GeDcrBl,
repreMnted unto this Assembly, tliat tlw mnnfj grantetl him by this
AMcRibly. nnd the Council of Wjir, to rcpnlr boaUi and IiO!ipitAl!i fr>T the
French armj, Is enllrcly expeitded; aud Uiat he hath need of a Airther
sani to cotnpI(?U' Uic Mimu,^

" It Ls iherefore voted and resolved, llinl the saUl Ephniirn Bowcii h«,
■ud lie \» hereby, empowered to druw the sum of £10.000, lawful money,
oat nf the {general treaHiiry, for the purposes aforesaid; and for inakiuj;
Mich repaint «t Providence, Warren and Bristol fcrrics, nx are «cer*sai7;
and that he account for tlie same.

" Vvou the iiieuiorial of Lewis Elhls DeCwruy. Esii-, Conimb»ary-Oen-
L-rai of war of UIb Myst CbrUClan M^esly. aud urdurer for the eiccuilon
of conmiaiiilK of His aluovexald Mnjf.iiy, relative lo the French anny sent
into America, prtscDted Tinto thia Assembly, respecting the ferrlea
between Providence and Newport, and lilt request Hint the same may be
put ill n-pair. In otder lo nicilitnle the operations of the expecteit «nn*<
meiit of His Bsid Majesty, —

"It Is voted and ruKolvL>d. that the MuDoreblv William Bradford, Eftq.,
Bri^tiiliurGvmTuI Nathan Miller and Colonel Joeeph Nitjthiknsuk' be, aud
they arc hereby, appointed a cominlltce to wait on (tic paid Lewis Etiits
DcCorny, on the subject matter of the said memorial, and inform him that
thl.x tiencral A^xcintily U li UjiosrH] Lo tiikc i-vcry pooKildf iiH-nHUrr f<jr the
■cconmiodntloii of the experitd armniiu'iit of our ceiteroas ally, :ind for
the faciili-aLln;! the Important ulijeet^ of their deNtiiiuiIoti; and that they
have furnlsliird Epliraim Buncu, Jr., E»q., Depi]ty-Quarlerma><lcr-UvDcraLt,
vrith money, and directed him to inaiie the neee.i)iary repairs al the salil^
(brries, under the direction of the said eom m i ttec."

With i-egard to n hospital in Pmvidercc, M. DcComj
adtlicswed to the Governor and ("ouin-il the following lettorj

"I'noviDKXCF,, June 24, 17&0.

"Do. Lewis EthiS DeCorny, Esquire, Commlssury Gcniral of War of

Hid Mont Chrlittlau Maju«ty, and Orderer for the ExecuLlim of Com*

iDOiids of his alwvesaid Majeety, n-btlve to the Frpneh Antiy seat

Into America — Lieutenant-Colonel of Cavalry Id ihe Army of the

United SMtcM of America, £c. :

"Earnestly requests, nnd in the roost premftln^ manner entreat* T1U« Ex*

cellency tlic Governor, nnd the llonornbie rouiicil of Ihc State of Itliode

Island, to rumbh him an estatiiishmeot for au bospllAl for the iiervlcr of

Oim FEEXCH ALLIES.

193

the French army, wblch Is ouc of the mokl IniportaDt artlclea ncoessarr
to be pirparcd for their reception.

Th« knowlcd^ he hAS of the sUuotlon of the rollege In this towu, of
ItJ cxt«nt and aaiabritjr of the air ; and capcciallf conaldcrlng lhl.1 build-
ing ia altiiatcd In a towD, the lohnbltantit of which are particnlarljr attached
totli« good cause Id which Auivrica aud Frnnce ore mutually unfca^ed;
wlwrcM, on the other part, any other catablbhmeut In whatever ^\^f» It

[nay be flied bvtwcon tlils and Newport, will eiposc ihc i^ick In the hospital
>C only to the evil denies of the naspectcd part of the country, but also to

Ithe aitetnpti of tiic vnumy, who mny with the greotott l^cllity, make prla-

roners the whole of the sick In the hoaplt&U ; and coDaidcring b«sidcs, that
thia e9ta)ilb>iim<^nt In con««i]Uence ofUic above nriutrfiin, beforv liU depart
ore fifom Fraiic«, waa partlcnlarly adopted, fluid and iiliBolucely appoinled
by the Court of France and Doctor FranWIn, for the reception of thn sick
of the French army.

"He therefore rcqueata IIUExcellency theOorernor andCouoctiCooom-
ply with his entreaties, and to girc Immediate orders that the co1l<^^ may,
without d«Ia]r, be tflvva up to him, for the purpose of miiiiin]; the tiisrvs-

^lary dispositions for tlio reception of lils tick countrymen ; he abo begs
ive to reprcjteul. that it Is nut In hln power lo deviate fhiiu this very
CSMntlai artkte of h^a biiAlrnctlons, etipeclally ur It lias b«en previously
flxed u|>on Id France, where they were iDforiticd the college has been
already made nse of for a alnillar purpose- The aforeaald commissary has
the honor to be

" With the moat profound respect and esteem,

"Your Excellency's and Your Honors'
• " Most obedient and most hiimbio sen>'ant,

'KTIIIS DaCOKNY.
"To the Oovemor and Conucll of Rhode Inland."

Washington wrote to General Jloitth, then in Boston,
infurming him of whnt he hnd done, nnd ro(|iici4ting bim to
repair iuinicdtately to Providence, and on tlie arrival of the
allies prt^sent huiiself to them, lotting them know that they
might t'oniinitnd his services, while in conjunction with Gov-
ernor Greene he sliould cndcBVor to establish a market
between the fleet and army and the eotmtry, to prevent
imjx>sition in the prices of articles which might be found
neeessnry. With this request he at once complied. He
lefl Koxburj* June 15th, and arrived in Providence tlic next
day, at 2 o'clrjck in tlie afternoon. He was met at the
bridge in Pawtticket by Deputy-Governor Bowen and a

IH

RJIODE ISIJIND ly TITE BE%'OI,UTIOS.

niimtier uf other ^ntletnen, who escorted him into town.
He without delay expliiiued, in deference to Governor Greene,
the object of his presence in I'rovidence, with the assurance
that no endeavor on his pnrt should be wanting to promote

the interests of the United States in general, and of Rhode
Island in particular. The selection of General Heuth,* for

■ttcncnl William llrotti, md Af WlUUm llMlh, » rwTQvr, wm born In Roxbur]*, Mu«.i
Miircli 1, (nlit Mj-Io.) 1737. Kri>m hl> chllillioo.1 ho wiu imni of inillury ox^folte*, aad *n\f
■ludii'd tli« I^<^»^T of n-ar In oil Hi tiran«h«< Aud dnUt», l^oru ibe Kivttle M)ldl«rtO th«
< ixnitmiiiliT'tii-l liliT. lli*Jrilii<^l n uiililaT}' roxiiuirij tu liU native tuwn, ami ■uliMHjurliUT'
bvnuiK a iiiL'niljvr of tlir Aiii*1mi( nm[ DuuunLNi; ArlUlcry (.'ciiipftDy lu ItoJtiMi- Of tliU
rauipnn)' lie laaa in>mniiuLoii<!il romcDUnlcr in 1770- At llir aiittirtwit of thr Bdrolutlun,
Iku uarmlj il-dod witli llir W\t\g ikitIx, ami lo bM In ■wsk't-nlng ■ morv rHmut inlemt In
Iha caiue, lio vruiv a (trie* ot cmavi on ihi- Importnnce vf mlllinry dUclpllitc ivnd iliv aao
tif nriiiK, nliifh wrn- |>rliil<-il In n lliiiloii |in]t«r, iiiiilrr llio nlKualiin- tif "A Mlltlnrjr I'uitit*
Irytiiaii." lu ITAlandln 1771-4, h» itm a ltc|ir>-tE^iitkiIv«i wat it nifinbf r o^ ilio Conimtt-
tee of CorrMpondtam and ^nn'tr. He wu llhuwlKt ■ tiicintH.-r or llic ConnUtlca of ftup-
))lln, Buil n (tvkgiilp U> llie IVotIucEbI L'uDfreu. lie wai one of the faunitvr* uf lli« BrltUh
ttvm Ccjnt;urvl, mid wu «nK*Ke>l In Ibe »leK« of Rotton. Dvum MintiiJsnlaiii^il a ltrlijn<'>>l«r-
Ucorial, and HlalloiiHl with htl biifii4e ftt Rnsburf. In ITTfl tit vnu nciprilntC'il a Mii]or>

OUR FRENCH ALUE8.

195

the scnico now devolved upon him, was jiidieioiis. He whs
an officer of experience, patriotic, of coiirteons mnnnera,
familiar with military etiquette, atui dive to every thing
tiint coiihl coiH'ilinte the esteem and cuiiSdence ul' the
allies.

Dr. Craik* concun-ed with M. DeCuniy iii fixing upon
the college hnilding as suitable for a hospital. This occu-
pancy was strongly objected to by the rresidont, Dr. Man-
ning, as disastrous to the interests of the college, the pros-
perity of which had heen severely crippled lij* its Imilding
having been appropriatud lo amiy uses since 177(1. The
town also demurred, nnd appointed tiie Hon. Stephen Hop-
kins, the Rev. Dr. James Manning and the Hon. Theodore
Foster a cuuimittee to preparo and present a jietition to the
General Assembi}', protesting against the college building
being tuken to be used for a hospital " for receiving the sick

Oen^nU. Altrr rcnlolni Caanl dp KoeliUBb«Bu uxl Ailmlraj IM> T«rn«y ^t Svrport. tw
•iMci-cdcd ihe imlior AnoM In tho commMid ftt VVp<4 roltil. HI* Mrvk»* ir«rr utrfUl lo
Ibo doao of IliK war, wtisnlMi rcllrfd lo hU (krni in Honhiirj'. Ke wa» b«Jd to Itlfili nlo#iu
k; WaihliiKtoD, a&il tita br KoeluaUwku. snn ilie Kirvolut1«ii be «ru a intcnbvr i>f the
oonvmUati Tur llv nlUImlon of the Fnlira] I'utiitltuUan. a Klatr .lenalor and ■ Judgaof
l*rot>«l>. Id iiii Ijp wiu clioira LIvuIi'iiBUMiownior of Uabiuoliuirllt, IjuI di.-dlMd Ui«
IWiMr> Ii«n«ral ncatli wai of medlura tiatiirt, and light («ni|i1cxl(>u. In hU latter ft*r»
bt bwMiM eDTpulctil and bald-budad. ("bailoUiix ilrtcriban lilin ai harlng ■ nahti-, o|H>n
nameouieg, kWIiic iilm a mtklog nMinbbiiM* lo tin Marjula of Uninby : '■ The rn>ub-
Ilraa ■IffiplUli)' ^r lilt mannrn may be Infon^d frniu Itie tndltlon Ihat Ire OMMtaiiall;
fbvT* to etiureli la tiUoK.b>a>ii — p«rbap« tnleftilvd aaahtni tulilnuior* ariitacradc iiplgli.
bOf*. whoM carriamtwen of a ilvowy and ttjIMi doMriptloii." {irratf* ttoxlMrg. p.
SVO,} nil " Mrniuln," wriltrii bjr liitnatlf, are ■ iklnable cuDlribulluii tu Itiriululluiiarf
VMnrj, Bo tltml In Itoxbur;, Janaarf IM, latl. Tlic •■ llvntli I'siivn*' arv In tli« pu»c«-
Mob of the MamtChMcKa ilUtoilcal .■^elet}-- It; llic Murleijr of llic SMirty 1 hate brcii
pomUlcd M (uuunlu* and lake tnlmitci of tlicm.

■ Dr. Janir* Trslk ita* tNirn In ^rotlaiiil In ITSl, mid wu Hlucatfd fur au army lurB"'"'
neounc to Anxrloa to I7M, in irlikh \em lie mrt Wa*hlnKloii at WIllUm>l>ur|[, Va-.aml

«ai »MB allaetlcd lo llin iruopa iliiiln' lil> mtinnnnd dpillnnl lo nipcl tlll^ mii-juachnMBta

of ib« Ftatdb and Indiana. He wa* wlili U'aiblnciQD at the alTalr or I'ort .VkmbU; In
iru. Ilc«a*al*i> wltb hloft In llntildocli'* dluulrou* 'wiiiiiaU*' the fulliiinInK frar. anit
dwwl iks Iklal wuDnil rmwliiHl tij ihr Oanrral. L>iirtG|( iti* Wac u( tlic ICoioliilliiii L>r-
rtaUi ooniinncd doaalj MaodalMl wlUi tbe ('ommandi-r-ia-Cbltf at Eti« Amrricau furciei,
and wlirii II wa* dcchlud U> prOTldv njlllla>r]t liorpllal acouuimodatlon* tn frurlik-ticc, Im
vaawDlUiwr tatuiierrlMiliearniEij^iiK.-tiiii, Al the dci^ uf Yorttovn lie nat Dtrvetor
oftlM hoaplul. .Utrr Ihe war lir: icIIImI ticaiUuunl Vtnifin, our:! held tba po«IUoit«rlkiD>
tl|r pbjalciau lu Gooenl Waatiiugiun. lie adnilnlilorrd [irarviilonaltji to 111* brIoTcd eom-
manikr and rhmd In tbv cloiiar bouri or lil« life. \». Crmlk died Is Fairfax voualr. Va.,
Pabraar; fl, Ihl-I. al llic Bf« iif i-tjitil^raur jrart

OUB PBKHCH ALLIES.

187

mentB for their comfort." The college edi6ce was, however,
appi-opriak'd by llie Council of War, and the upper story
of the hrifk school-liouae on Meeting street whs subse-
quently made tise of by the college students for their
stiidles and recitations.

M. Dc(.'orny having stated the difficulty he experienced
in obtaining u bouse for the uceummodution of hini8c1f and
bin fiimily, the Genera! Assembly authorized Colonel Eph-
raim Uowen to make the necessary provision. A house on
the west siilo of the river, owned by Major Nathaniel
Greene, of Woodstock, Conn., and occupied by Captain
Aliimeleck Kipga, was assigned to the Colonel, Ciiptain
Kiggs being transferred to a part of a house occupied by
Mr. Daniel Jackson.

While occupied for barracks and a hospital, great altera-
tions in the building were made, and damage to the amount of
mure tlian one thousand pounds was dune. In 1782, the col-
lege corporation pi-esented a petition to the General Assem-
bly of Khode Island, giving a brief statement of the injury
the building had suffered, and praying tliat "tiuch rei>airs as
are ab.solntcly necessan,-" be made at the public expense.
Of this petition nothing came. In ITtftl, Dr. Manning
accepted an appointment to a scut in Congref^n, mainly with
a view of obtaining, if possible, a grant to compensate the
college corponitiojj for the n^nts and damages during Ibo
war. but in this he wa-s disappointed. Foui'tcen years later,
April I'J, ItJUO, Honorable John Brown, then a meutber of
Congress, succeeded in obtaining the passage of "An Act for
the Kelicf of Khode Inland College," authorizing and direct-
ing the accounting officers of the United States treasury "to
liquidate and settle the claims of the corporation of Khode
Island College, for comi>ene(ation for the use and occupation
of the ediltcc of said college, and for injuries done to the
same, from the tenth day of December, one thousand seven
hundred and seventy-six, to the twentieth day of April, one
thousand seven hundred and eighty, by the troops of the

IIP RHODE ni.A3rD CST TR> BZTOLmOSL

Vmtad S/tttm ; md li>l Iks m whicii out be firaad Am
to ^m Mid corporation fcr iTin— gun doat to uid otcapttion
of lbs ind edttttr m ifiiraand* b* pnd to than out of aaj
BOMjB io tha UiMui^, no* otfunrin ^pcofiratca.* The
cnet iuin M<nircd w Dot cvrUmly known. Ber. Dr. Darid
B— dirt, in his UistorT, ilates it to hate bees two thoiiMod
doRan.*

THE .HEW fOMERS.

A WMOVO DtnMMTQfS.-WUZXT ft^UU FEOM BWSST.-UST OF
rxSflKUI^DB TXESAT ESGAGKa AS ESGLLSU FLEET -AKBU
TAI. OF THE rUEirCH AT jntWTOKT— EOCHAiCBEAr LA:yi«8—
WJWJf ASD VTATE WEUXISCE— TIUJOM AXD FRIliATES DIS-
POSED Or^DEinCItCES BEPAmED.-TBIsmr CHCRCH.-AD)It-
RAL OKATE8 AT 9EW TO&K.— APPEAB8 OIT ^TEITFOBT.—
rans FKOM LAPATETTE ASD GEKEKAI. HEATH.

HILEC Lafsvutte wae urgently soliciting the succor
AC much needed, the question WHS nuaed : Uowwilt
a KcoDcl rc-«nfon:ement l>e received? The inquirr aroae,
probably, frnm an iraiiresaioo that the .Vmericana were di^-
MtMSed with the cofirac punned Hy D'E»tamg, and especially
in the cnnipaign on Rhode Island. It had likewiee not been
forgotten that when, at the beginnmg of the war, French
oflbers were »ent over by Deaae and Franklin in such num-
ben tm greatly to crobarraas, hy the promise of positions,
both CongreM and Washington, the jealousy of American
aipinnt* fior militiiry commissions was nrouscd, — they feel-
ing'that the f'lrci^ element bid fair to block, to s consider*
able extent, the adrancement ot* the native.

• OnUd'a LMt ot M unta|. p. 2m, M«*.

OUR PREKCH AU.tES.

190

Writing to Count de Vergeuni^s on tbis subject, L&fayette
says:

" tt wtll r«rtninl; be ssid tbfit the French will bo coldlj' r«ccW«(1 In that
country, ADd rcj^artled with « JevlouM eye In Uic-lr army. I cannot deny
that tl]« Amortcnuei nro dlCDcuU to be dealt wlth.«»p«cii>lty by Freuchni«n;
hot If t were tutruated wlih Uiu buitliieH.«, or ir the coniiDRoder cboMO by
Cb« King BGL8 with tulcrablo Judgment, 1 would pledge u>y lifb that all dUD-
cnltles would be avoided, nod the Preach troofM would be cordially
raeelTMl."

Happily these forebodings were ne^er realized. Not^
wiliuttonding strong religious prejudices, entertained by
devout people in Rliode Island, and largely tbrough the
land, the prudent ninnagemeiit of Wa^^bington and Kocbam-
bciiu, together with the cordial welcome given to the Allies
by the uiost cDiincut and influential citizens, soon wore
away dititnist, and engendered a hearty fellowship.

The arguments of Lafayette in behalf of his beloved
America, as already soon, were successful. The French
government decided to send over a corps of twelve thousand
men, in two divisions. The first division of six thousand
land troops sailed from Brest May 2, 1780. The fleet con-
veying thorn consistod of the following vessels :

imrE' ](.tiiK9. nnns. hhx.

La Due de Boursogoe, M 1,2O0

Le Neptane. 1A 700

L« CoutiQ^raDt, 74 700

L'EvellU, M 000

La Province, M 600

Ardent (oUm BHilsb) B4 600

].e Jasoo, U 600
Ia Fauta84|iio, (serving na

a hoaplul ship,) Si

La SurTdllante, (IVlgatc,) 40 SOO

I.'Audroina<iuc. " SC 2fiO

La SIbjrUe, " SS S50

L'II«rmloDo, ■• 8« 250

Pelican, American voaael. 8$ 160
Lg Bruin, (arincd ship.)
La Coniplaac, "

CUMM«!*I>B«9.

Admiral I)<! Teniay.

Destoticfaea.

MM. De la Orandlire.

Dfl Triblaod.

C. », I>e Meslgny.

&1M. 1^ Ch«r. Bernard de

Marlf^ny.
MM. lUi It Clochetlerle.

MM.Lu Ch«r.derandor4.

I>bi:uttii't.

Peltoueval.
Bar. Ue Clagncy.
Do la Toocbe.

Dea Arroa.
DcNostda.

Total,

6W

i;,»>o

200

RHODE ISI.\KD !>' THE KEVOLCTIOS.

Dotix FoDta gives the names of the frigates Bellone,
AuiuzoDe, and the cutters Gudpe and Sequent. He says
there were thirty-six trHnsiwrt^, — making in all forty-eight
res«c]s. He rates the Due de Bourgogne at 80 guns. The
Gu^pe, 14 guns, was commanded by Chevalier de Mauler-
ricr. The Amazonc was commanded by La PdrotttiO> the
celebrated navigator.

On the third day out the Bellone left the Bqnadron to
return to France. At the moment of leaving, the Admiral
orderetl a bignal to put the crews of all the vessels on an
allowance of water, supposed to be for the [Mir|X)SC of
deceiving the Bellone as to the length of the voyage, "so
that her report would baffle still more the curiosity of the
politicians." On the 9lh of May a gale was encountered,
which cHrried away the fore-(op-ma»t and the main-top- gal-
lant-mast of the Provence. The Neptune lost her mizzen-
top-mast. Several other vessels received more or less
damage. On the 11th of June the Siirvcillaule capUired a
British brig of twelve guns. On the same day the Amaxone
took a small English vessel from Halifax.

Off the ItermudiLs, De Ternny fell in with an English
squiidron, which he engaged, and continued the comltat
through the day, but at sundown, preferring the safety of
his convoy to the glory of taking nn enemy's ship, he pur-
sued his route. The Admiral came on soundings off the
Chesapeake Buy, July 4, and took a British vessel, by which
he learned of the siege and capture of Charleston. He
thence bore away for Riiodo Island, and after a voyage of
sovcntj' days, arrived off the harbor of Newport, July 10th.

For several weeks before his arrival, all eyes at Newport
were turned seaward, and pilot vessels oniised as far as Mar-
tha's Vineyard, to intercept the coming fleet, and guide it into
the desired haven.* Thisvigilanco, however, was not repaid

• On the iDth, ['Inly.] >t fbur o'rlucli In the mnnilnj;, tlii> AOntlnJ raut«d ii« lo hImII;
toward noon fofni: pUoU rcBctivrl iii from ihc nelstiborl&K t^lnnda. TIti: one whom w« lud
aabtMrdlold ai Uul Uu Americana were •lUL nuWrt Vt Bhttit li]u)d,aD<] Ibkt httU

202

RnoOE ISLAXD TO THE HEVOIXTION.

ter. ('mint i\o K(M'lmiiilK>aii, flLToiiiiKitiKvl hy his slnff, at
onec went on bonril the Am:izonc, and proceeded to Xew-
]K)ii. Tbey liindcd iitxHit noun, and lli4)ii<;hl theiusolves
(TKilly n^ecived. Wrhing to the Frum-h Minister. \'ergenii6H,
he says : ** Nobody appeared in tlte streets. Those at the
windows looked md aiul depreBsed. I spoko to the prinei-
pnl inhiiMtaitl.'t, tiud told them, as I write to (ienend ^Vnah-
ington. that this was Diefoly the ndvanued giianl of a greater
foi-ce, and that the King was detei-niincii to ^upiiort them
with bis whole power."*

The Count ivit^ evidi-ntl^ under tlio impression that tJie
coolness with whieh he consideivti hini$c1f and stuff reecivwl
on landing was a sample of "the feeling of alt the inhabit-
ants of Uie eontinenl." Hut in tlii.'itas reliitiug to Newport,
he was soon undeceived. The same was true in regard to
the State. The fiu^t was that the citizens of Newjxirt were
unprrpni'c^d for a demonstration; Imt within twenty-four
hours, uli nuceitsary arrangements were uiade, and the hearty
weleoinc eoiild not l>e niintalien.

A ni]ml)cr 4)f diiv.s was eoimimii'd in laiKling the troops.
A« they cani"? on .shore, possesj^ion wa.^ takfii <tf the al>aii-
doned works of llie enemy, and oCfiich other hjcalitiesaawere
found convenient. The forts and defences were remodeled,
enibrasures lilh-d up. and gun*, mounted e/i fxtrftfttff. "The
gi-eat :ind small artillery,"' says ihr Newport Mercury^
" landed liy our geiieii>u» Allies, and disposed of in different
parts of Ihiu town and ir^land, exece<l aiiyliting of the kind
ever seen here. Tlicy have hnij*s (atihoti, from fttur to
forty-eight poniiders, and in greal plenty. " Del'emes were
immediately thrown up in a position to command the chan-
nel, mill also oti Conanieiit ami Ifose isl.iiida, the latter

*lt VFM udgluill}' liili-iidml llial the wmtial lUtiilmi oliutilil be uiiiuuiuiiltol isj \ho Bantn
(|i-> VliMiir^nll. I>iil K'jclinnibcuu wi'liltiic 1u nliiili M'r Bhi\>u willi hliUM'ir, Uk- iji»niiuui4
w*>|lirii. Inlhi'l <Miiii ill- Wlliciii'irlii. |{<hI>hii>Iii-hu titA Ailmiial IM- Tr-nidy ircncTery

tli-nlrmi* tlinl tl iiiin' lorri' r>r inrlir tlioii<iinil ni>-(i tliwilil (nil ni iIip j>.irn>i' liuic, l)ul Ilia

Ix-kors AiilAirlriit iiiiixltiror tntioimiK. ii liJoclinJr af Bml by Uti- KiiBll-li, nnd ollin-
ob«iJulr>,cvJU|)Hli'iIaeliiuijti'lii tliviirni(i)[iiirii'nl.

Oim fHKNrH ATXIRfl.

8(13

linring h Imtteiy of forty pieces of artiHrry. The seiionil
hstlalion of the ro^riititiiit of Sot(<onnni8, etjniummled hy the
>'iBcaiiiit lie XoHillr>4, WH!4 plnccMl on (*oiiaiiictit, " where he

I

LAJiiMXn or Tiir Fitmi) h T«ni>M> *t Skwimmt, JI'Lv ]1-U, 17H.

WHS re-etiforci>il by iko AmoricAii uiiliiin; litit llic difKctilty
of hoMiii*; (he isliiiitl, which b aot-cssiMc on nil HidcA,
itxhiml file ('mint ile ItnclmnilK'iiii tn tilmiidon Jl. nn<l on the
27Ui uf July he unlt^rcd Itiick llic Imlliiliuit." * At Brun-

•lv«ii l'on1*'C«ni|nlfn^p.*l

2(14

RHODB iaNA?m FN TUP. RBVOT.rTinN.

loii*8 Point H Uittory t>f uijrlit Lw«uty-foiir [loimdei's niul ftmr
tnelvi'-inrli ii»irljii-s wiis Eikt^wim- thitiwii up. Four other
cight-iiicli iiiai-t:ir> :niil fimr livnily-fiHir poiindoit* woro pn»-
vidril lit Dpi'ii lift' tm lilt- I'liciiiy shniiUi llu-y cnlt'V the vhiin-
nel. Tostrciijiihcii the iJositJon of llie I'lviieli and AriHrrii'iiii
forces. OeiUTiU KochamUeaii i-mi^ed Units' Hill to he tnrli-
fiud, find to oiisiin; safo rolieat i'mtn tlie i-slaud, shnuUl
iiM'cssity roqiiii-o, connortion was foniied with the main land
at HoivIiindV Fony.' ItrK-hnmlwnii. dcsi-ril)injr the liindiiifr,
says:

-Tliu KrL'iicli curiiN liimli^il at Nvn|iiirl, tlic <.-a|>ltid uf itiis Inland ; It
Wiis cnc(ini|icd covcrini; IIjSs town, cutting; tb« islmiil iicro«*«. \\n Ifft ou tin;
sea, \l» HRlit lit the nnclHira^*- of tin- r«|ii»<lron, wliicli broiiglit Its Iinuul-
«ldi' til lw«r |init*tt«l i'y lami liwtterii-x wliich 1 niUHOl tn In? CMtubllstinl Hi
llie monl convciilcnl |>oliit!i. I wiirkc<l llkcnltie to fbrtiiy viiriniiM [loiuts Hi
wtiicli llic t-Eii'iiiy lulglil liiml. uiiil to upcii rouds to ro and nttnck lilm on
llic flrst tnonicnt ot lils <tcl)iirkallou. In tlii)' [xiNtliuii, tlie Krnich corp»
nitirht nlwny 8 move l>y tlie Klmrtcwl Uim? to llic point wIiltu lliC enemy
wislird iti Ijiml. vrliMst to vary h\A point* rjf uttAck, the Intt^r had iireat
circles to dfscrHx;. In iwilvi; iliij-.v timt- tilts position was roDtlered
nsjipt-clal.lf b> a labor siidUlni-d hy all Unit jwrl. of IIki nrtiiy In .n COlidl-
tinn to act ; but Aill » llilrd or the litiid iinny and of tliHt of Ihc »L-a iriks
)>l]arijly attacked tvltli the acurvy, and was iwut Into tliu interior of Llie
eouHtry, lu llio lionpltnlR which were nanwd to he r^tahltshud tliere."t

On thif» sulijoct, my lioniH'od friend, Dr. David King,
writes ;

'■Tlip French on Irading in Ncvi-port, in .Inly, ITMI, wereb«allr«_ .
In maklnx ri.>rtincaUoilB to defeud the harbor n;;alnHt the Invtuloiw of <

*"Wtlh iT«iH.-ct la «rliii( you mvntfon poiictTiiInit tlir nurlu on llultii' lllll< If out alllM
HXpwl WF Brr lu poiilriliiili- ti.> Ihr r)^|>i.ii«' of tliriii, wtr olinJI tr <ilili)tr<l In •li-tlrairy tu ilo
II; hut ir llMiulilluiti-lirrii uiiildiil. It wiiiilil liavi- Ix-tri-r Milllil Ihr atulr of ouritffalr*.
I do Dot ivinililnr tlir worbii niUliijt nil tlf |i>luii>l N> of Mil) gn-nt ulOily Id i». fnrllltf ItMH

th>pr rantrlbtitp to tlio Mrol; ur our oIIIm : nurl ilu pxp«ii«c wlilcJi inny be liu-um-<l, will,
In ujr optiitun, liiirv NICIi:- ollirr r>|ultDlri>l llimi lTil«, Vixi wUI thi-rrforc pwilj oannelTB
thM I (buuM b« gl«i| ilml Mart iIiIdb or l)iU klhd iiil|il>( b- kv ui •)#•!, •[> tWr b' it i-aii ba
doiu^ iriUioiil lia|a«cliliiK llie grnrnjili)- uf llir KliUri; for wltll« Oil! alllp* &re tcwii
witilu KJiil fliwtii to our BuUianTiF, ■nil nwliitaliiliiji lliem ■( tlitflr iiwii rx|i>-i»r In onl
oanntry. It nilslil not be decent to reru^ tM-Hrlns anch llllle expeuvt •• llipy •p«fu to <
prrt. Uut wc aii(li[ iiuL lo loLiinln-r Bnil1ihi(t of tliln bliul, ai»l I nin p^rmiMtMl JOB '
nol. Voo will MCI MirnVNl<l> I'l iIii'm- Utran,"— ll'iirhinijlim In Utarmi 0cnlh, Aufu^

list).
1 Mcinulrt of Uuduunbonu, L. ?U, ikL

orm pRRNi^n allies.

20:.

Enuliiili. For liomir ntotitlifi tlic onkrni tinit Uidr nitciiUon cllrccUtil lu
iiiaklnK sornrc the. nnclioniyf nf llic rlrx-t,niKl erecting fortlllcntlftns where
iMiorlotl. [loucc their cncampincuLH were dintritiot^^d in a cJrcutt along the
south of NL>wp»rl, nt CaNLIe lllll, ticor [li-eiituirH Point, in the u(>lf[l>bur-
hood of th« pn>4viit sliorc mail mid nf titc c}\tlit At ttie imnth and p»»t of
Newport.

"Tlwse cticAiiipmcnta were vnrloiu, nnd were protcfit«il hjr earthen
fnituinkinrntH.

" I ntii now one of Uip olftcst rltlxcuii, nni! Imving bi-on -faTnlliur with
Newport rrmn hoyhooil, I used to run over the lines of cncninpmcut then
vialbli- toitiy Imjlslieycs. In Provldunci- it wiw i]iir«re»t. There liciux
110 oociiitlon for d«l^uct* tliclr criiciiiiipmmts vn^n near,"

Thfi Jjogioii of Tjiuzuii was oiiiTiinpcil in front of the
iirtiiy on the Neck. Adinin[l Ih? Tpriuiy lucved tlie frifrales
ciC liis lied in a stnn<rlit liiu.' from liosc l^sUud to IViiiunk-iil
shore, ami wns thus remly to co-operate witli the Iftiui
forces.

Tti sii»ii;ili7-e \vith joyful oxprc-ssion, nt thr carlieat posai-
lile nioniciit, llio nrrival of the AlUet*, the Town C<iiincil
took meiiKiireR, in tho followinjr votes, to socuro two htin-
drod stuniU of nrins I0 o([iiip citizons for tlie defence of the
town, ttiid to c.'iiiHe u j^ULTiil illnmiiiittion on the evenhig of
July llth:

"Whereas mnay at the luhahitiuits or tlie toiru uf Newport, tiiiiceri'lr
deslroQ* of nflVmliii" thoir iittnost nld nitd nH.-(lMnnc« to the flvrt imd nniiy
or HIji Most Christian M^cMy. the lllu.HEriauA ally of the SUttcfi, now
within tli«r harbor »nit town of Newport, Imvc Mitiociiitcd Tor the defi'iicc
thvri^r, :i;^'dm>t the common cncmj-; mid w]ior<<.-ui the Knirl inhnbltanlM
have been Iieretofore deprived of their llre-nrniH »nd nccoDtrement* by
the said eucniy, aikI nre uuw in waul of a eulDcluut niiiulx-r Tor arruin^
RDtl equipping two liuiidred men; When^forc, rcitolvcd, ihiit Ma}ur-Oeu-
cml neatli he, nnd tic i><, licrchy rc^ur»tctl tit iip|dy to <!;pncml Count
nochnnDKmn, coiiimaiuler of iiic army of lli^t snld Ciirifttiati Mi^csty, for
the loan or a •iiitTlcii^uL unnihi-r of Uic neci'HMiry arioN mid accoutremcula
for the .imilii^Hnd ftptlpidn;! luiid men, and tbi* town will return tim xnmo
when tlicreto reiiulred by Ocueral <'o(iril Rocliamhenn. and that the com-
ifiittee wlin walled on (lencrnl lloalli yr!'terday h<: appointed to wait ou
him with Uils vuto.

" Whereas upon the arrival of the fleet nod nrtnyappolntod by Mis Most
Chri^tlui) Miijcsty lo couiierale with Iho ro^^^«a of theac United Statca
agatimt the common enenty, Itie luliahiCaiiU and clttErnH of thla town are
calteil upon, fruiii tlie •Inly and rexnrd they owe our rouutry, aud Ib«

20 rt

RHO]>e IRLANn IN THK REVOLUTION.

jEDitiludi} uijil ri-bpvcl wblub Is One twin wurj cRIitun lo thu 9nii»trloii8
ally of thi'wc SUUoh, «» wril u> nflVird tliinii ihc uliiiu^l alit »i)'t a«i«inUiiice,
OH ulxo to iiiaiiirfHt cvf>r>' innrh or rcHpcrt and rkUiiiii, upon iLclr urrivnl;
Wherefftrrr, rosolveil, llini all 1mii(««!> in llie streets KercartLT iiaiu«d l>e
llliiTiilnuti-d to-mori-ow fvctiiiiji, to wit: Ttuitnt-s utiTet. Cniiffrcss, (here-
tofore talleil (jii4-eti utref'L.l I.kwIh Htrwst, (lierttofure ciiUcd King street,)
Hronil »trect Icudlii:; out of lowii. th« )«trrct IviuttiiK o*«r the Point
Bridge, and the street IcndlnB fpoiii the l-oiig Wlmi-f to tin- Toint Battery,
snd siiL-h ollirr hoiiiiv^ tii Diiis liinii n» llw HlillitUi!^ n( tbe occtipunta
lliL-reor will iidiiill, niul that. Hie li{;lii* Iw coiitiiMiMl to 10 oVlnek In tho
evcniii;!. II is fliiKior lesolvwl, tliBt. Ik^iijdinlii Almy, .lob Kaaloa. (ieoree
ChnmpUit, JtilK-r I'liiunpUii, Otorsf St-ai-w, Ruhtrl Tii.vli>r. Johu 'I'DWDseDd,
John Tuphftin, lunnc Diivloii, iin<l William T»^}£i)rt, be a comniltMP tA
l>iitrol tJ»! strLX-ts to fn-cvfi)t any daiiijuie urihing ft-uni flrv.uiid to prescrv*-
tlif [leace »f Hie town. Orticrcd, thnt thiH resolntlon be puMishi*d ■iid
iiiiitk' known to the liihnblLinLs of IhU town by bent of drnni. It Ih fur-
thrr rcsoiicd thai the Trea-^irer MhntI nirtiiHb h box of cundles nt the
expeiiae i>r thi; town, xnd that the name be diNtribiitvd lu Huvh of the
inliiihllntit.1 who renlde In the »lri;el« hcretofure ordered to be UIu mi milled
and who are uul uf oblUty to Airui»b ibu Haaiu." *

Tli« Town C«uiu-il, in lifliulf of the citizens, «Iho pre-
soiitc«l In tlie rnnnt » c* nigral iiint or v iiddiTs.'*, whlili, tnitor-
tiiiijiiU'lv. Ii.-is licrii lu^t. To tliis juUh-ess lie rtilTiriied llie
(bllowiiig reply :

'• Nkwport. July 2lt, USO.

" Mi^utetiiint-Gcnernl Count dc RocbnmbcAu has received with wnriiifst
frrntitudc tlic iiridn'*i« wlitrb nmny of tliu liiiiabltiiiit* of Newport were
l>ka»ied in presc^it U> hicii. Kc bcgit Icnvc. in the nnine of the King, bla
miwlcr, Ihrir nlly, an mui-h nn In hln own and thnt of the army under liin
coTiimnnii, most pnrtlciiIaHy to iLcknoivledge tlits ni-w iNtnk uf Alendalilp
fVo]n the cltiei-ii« uf Anierleii. Ttic Count hae tlie honor to ii^isure the
Icibnbltunts of Nvwport that hi.i rclliuiec on thnlr xenl mid ftnllantry ndUn u
icrcat dpgrpe of secnrlly to hid preparution of defence, and Ihut If (he
enemy is ao daring s» tu come and attiick Newport, unci] of tbimi an mny
want anna, will be Immrdlnlely snppllod-

•••TV Joy ill lUf loivn nf XvM^iori wm gtvM. Ai ii i>'clopl(, \, M., iht AtliiilrKl wtlutttJ
tlir luwii Willi ItiiMctii CHtiiiiiii, w'lildi wii< itIuthhI by thr luunc nulubtr. In ibe rvmlnit
tlir luHiL wnii Iprnuliftill; IHiiLiiiiialnl. Hiiil Arpwork* eahlbllFd, lo lh« ktvhi |Jriuun! and
Mtiirjwttain or uur alllt-i."— MmrA'i Jfetmnn.

ora PREXL'u ALLies.

207

The OciiornI AsMrnilily, tlicii in sonttion hI Xcwport,
(liret-lwi the following nddrcss of wcltomc to bo presented
to the Count :

••Thi! repre-ientattvpR nf the Slntc or Itliodc IslnTifl oDd Pnrlibnoe
I1anlAt1oii», 111 Ucntml A:«»cinb1y cuitvi-ncil. niili tlic uio.hI pICMlQg aatU-
hc-Uon. Uikc the i^arhcNL oppnrliiiilty ofi-niiKntiilatlnit ('Mintv iJi.- nochttiii*
bt-au. I.leul<;tin.nt-Gvn«nil of Lbtt uriTi)' uT His Mi>st (.'brietlaii Majctnty, ujiun
hl« Mife nrrlvBl witliln tlic VnlU-d Staten. Upon Uils occuLon we csDUot
U' loo expressive of the tjCniU-Ail svdiw we eiiicrMin of ihe geuerous and
iun;;tiiiiitinou8 aid nllbnlcd to tlii^ irnlt«0 Slates. b>' ihclr ilUisiriuae ArlcDcl
and nlly. Sumdent had l>c<>n Lhe pmork of Ills m>»I anil frlomlHlilp; the
lirMent histancf tnuBt conMralii cvcii i-iivlous, dLt<ippoiiiir«l Hrtlona to
rcnrrale the wisdom of hln couik-IIsi, ami Kie sincerity of lila noble mlud.
We look forward, witli a must ploutliiu cipcctniloti, to the vnd of n cam-
imlfc'i). ill wbicb Lbi; allied fur<:e of Friiiict' aud LIickc V'niltd SlaU-s, under
the ainll'iBi of Divine ■'rovldcnc, inny hi- productive of peace and happl-
ttvss \a the ijont«iidlDg powers, and mankind In fjcnernl. Wc aaatirn you,
Air, our cxpectutluns are enlarjiced, when wc consider the wisdom of Hia
Moat Christian Mi^eaty In your appoiutincnt, a» the comiuander of hla
amiy, d«»tlncd to oar asslatance. Be asaared, air, of ercry cxertliMi In
Ibe power of this State to afford the uet:e»Nary reft'eMhinviita to the army
under your coiiiinaud, and to render the survlce to all ruuki) aa n&;n'tfable
aud happy, an It Im honorablo.

"We arc. In behalf of the Gencml ABMiubly,

" The General's moat obedient, mid moat devotod humble
scrvanto,

"WILLIAM CBEENE,
"WILLIAM BBADFOBD.

"To Lieutenant Ocneml Comtc de Hocbambevi."

To this the Count replied :

'* Grntleukn :— The King, my master, hath sent mc to the usslstance of
hla |{ood aud faithful allLca, the Untied StalL-n of America. AL present, I
only brln){ over the vangintrd of a much i^rfater force deetluvd tbr their
old: and the King has ordereO mc to aa&ure them, that hli< whole power
ahiUt bi! exerted for their rapport.

The Kroiieb troops an> iimler the Nlrlctest dlHrtpllm*; and, acting ander
the orders of Gi-nerul Wnthlnglmi. will live with the Amerlrntis a» their
brethren ; and nothing will alford mc greater hnpplneaii than contributing
to Ibt-lr MueceNH.

" 1 iim highly uniiilhle of ihi> iiiarkN of renpecc shown me by the General
Aaacmbly, and beg leave to assure them. Umt ns brethrcut not only my

RHODE ISLAWn TW TTTK BEVOLmON.

llfr. hut llio lives of the troops Da<l«r ray iromntMiid. aru cntlrdj dvvuUrd
to th«lr vervice.

CL C^^^Os.^^ ^'ot-iL^^^^^

-e A^<A^

To .\,dniir:il I>e Tornny ihv tioiioml Asscmlily direotoil an
HiUlresti Ui he prui^eiiff J in tlic folltnvin^^ terms:

•'Tho represcnlaUri-s of the Stale or Rhode ImUiikI and rravlilpocc
I'IntilntLonii, In rienerni A!i.s<>i»Mr convt-iicil, with tlic Tiioitl pk-iisiiif; ?iills-
fikclton, tiiku Mi):s. the DiirliL'st o|)|>ortuulLy, or te-illl^'liiK th<.' .letitliiiiMiLs
that are iin|>]-esti<ril ii|)on thc-iii, by tli« {fiviit nlUmtloii wtiicli IIU M<»t
ChrUtluti Mujci^iy Ims iuYtirhihlj- innnil^ted tn the (riitlt;il SutcH. Tlic
r<»rmhlal)le [inuumciiU lierolornm scnL to oiir nlil hiivc i?«itetitinllT pro-
moted our hAp|>liieHN nml iuilcpenclenef?; but nt n Uinc wheu Biiropi- is
iiiviilvcil lit the cAlninltlea of war, liy the aiiibitious vii-wjt of Ihc ItrllUh
Court, vtr. iniuiot cxprcti" tlic yrat-iliuk' hi; ft-el iipoTi jotir nrrivnl, whh
tin; fioet iiiKk'r your ctiiiDiiniul, ticsliiietl by our llhi^lrloiiH nlly to the
uti'li'Uiicv i>r thu I'liltvd StIll•.■^. ^V<.- fiiLrcut yuu, on Mn oci'Asiui), to
iicci^pl. tbv warau'iit cuugrntuliilluiiH uf Did Gcn<.>rul Assembly of Lbu Suitu
of Hhodti I.ttaml ilikI I'luvlihtiino I'lngiiniioiiH; iinil Ix! iLHxiiri'd.sir, of every
cxertiou In their power to uSord tlie ncccssnry refrcsUtiKriits to the fleet,
and U> render the 9cr\-lce a.H A^rocftblc niid hnppy Mlt la honorable.
" Wc arc In licfmir of the. Hcacral AsnvmlAy,

"The Admirals moMt obniiont ami mo«t humble aervants.

"WILLIAM OREENK.
-WILLIAM BKA!>FnKI>.

*' To Le Chevalier Vv Ternay."

Adminil Dc Tcrimy, whose iin.sww wits dclayud huidv
iIhjs on account of " iimltiplicity of iMisinesa," saiil :

••The luiilllplielly of boHluctu lu willed I Uarc for moihc days been
liivulvwd, luim Iiitlicrto [>n-vculiil my lioriorlti;;, In dui; roriti, iiii nddrcws
from iht! HonornbU' Uic UeiHTiil AsBcmbly of the? SUitr <>r Uhoili,- txlnrid,
S.C. i have alreiiily at>flUrc() tlivm how BQiiiiilbk' I nm of Ibelr polltvuess, In
a vUIt to my hIiIp, to g^ive utv nii luinnmncc of iliclr Kmutiii^ every neccs-
»ary Mippty for the tiquiulroii and dect- of Hit; Khiy of Franei- durlDj; thctf
contliinaiice in Hiis Suile.

•' 1 wltli plcnaiii-c imbraoe tlii^ opportunity of leaUtyiag to the llonois
iible Asffonibly, my peculiar satixfAetion iii mi appointment Ity tlie King,
my Miistei", to coiulticl wuccnr to \iU nllics. who havi- novenil ypars htcn
>iir(-eHsfliUy eontenJlDS It« fsliibtWi »ii inilciii*nili-riiT, whiili will lie llii*
basi-* of ihelr fliture felicity.

orR niKsrB at-uer.

209

'* I have notblns l\irtli«r to OKpirc after Lfaaii Ibe bour wbep 1 bhM par-
tlclpnU' witb the United States Lo tbu glorlnim adrHiilagtw n:suUlri2 lYum
war with enemies, whn viilnly attfinpt to fiuttjugfttf them, tinit vireitl rhim
them that lYetdnni. tlir tilc-Mliij;* of which tlicy Alr<riul) csiurrli-nce.

" 1 bef{ the HmiontMe Ansi-mtily wuiild Ik- pcntnadeiLl that I ittn iiciic-
tr«t«d with tho wnrmcst HttAchumiit tu mvrj iiientlwr of which lliftt body
Is composed.

"THK CIIEVAUEh l)E TEKNAV,
*'COD)m»idHnt at thu Naviit Fon-«8 of IIIm Most CbritttUu
Miijonty HI Newport..
"To Ute Moiinrnblt; the- Ut-iit-ral

A»iieiti)ily or Ibv SUto at Kli<iik-

liotnml mtd t'ravldenc«' I'lNiiMtloiw."

In additiuii iu (liu iiddi'es:' of welcome, by the State, the
fJeiR'nil AsHeinlil_vn]»])<Miilt*(l :i nuiitiiittet' <i)risistiiig urHon.
WilliHm lirailtoixl. <'lirislri|»hcr Kllery, Met<alf IJowler,
WilliuDi Cliaiiiiiii^, ilciliii Tuiilnaii, (!ulcl) (tni-dncr, Ucorgo
ChHinpliii. (ieorge Irish, .l(tso]>h Stiiiitoii, Kfiwse .1. Hulme,
Adiiai C'om»t4>fk, ('li:n"le« Kceiie, Koiiurt Ktliot, Xnthnn
Millt-r, iim! Dnriii'l Masim. Kfiiinit-cs, " U> pn'iiftr*! ii diiiiiRi-
and ontcHairuiitiiit itt the cx|Mii)sr of the Stiitn, on thu 10th
day of AiiKUst,'" niid t<) wnil ujxmi (k'lieral KoclmuiUeaii and
Ailminil De Tenmy, with the cotiiiiiiiiiL-iitH of the Asst'uibly,
"and request the Inmor <>l' their coniimny, nnd of the offi-
cers under their (-(iinniiiiid. ;il ilinner." They were a]»o
dirorted to iniliidt- in Ihclr iiivilHtioii "the Hononihli!
Mujoi'-Guneral Heath, and hiy fauiily, and ^uch uther olfi-
cerv and <^L'nllenHMi " as they tliiiii<;lit til. Charles Kveno
Was em|nnvered to ilniw out of the ffeueiiil ireiisury n sum
sufficient to defray the expense u{ the enlerlainineut.

The Fruvidencc (iazt'tlc, of July 2'2t], says :

"We have tbe ploaniire tu iurorru the public that the fleet and aiiny are
in bich health mil] HplrtU), and anl uily wish [Vtr an oppnruintty lit atjntal-
ixe tlieinnelves In the corniiiitii C4Ut>i-. Tlic ninocn> nf every rank liAve
reildrreil tlKinsdvL'^ a^rr-e»ldt-, li) llial |iullluiif<i<> which chnrnLlertic* llie
Vreuch nation, Tlie ufllevrsi and mddient wvnr t-iickadt'o or Ihix'w colom,
emblftiiatlriil of a triph- alllauei! Iietwern Kram'<>. Sp4ln and Amerlm."

A transiport, which hud heen supai-aiud from thu Qeet*
sir

210

BHOPK ^8I.ANT> TS TWE HEVOLfTION.

having on boarO three hiitulred and fihy troops and a large
qnnntity of militjiry stores, arrived safely nt IJtiston. The*
troops passed through Providence on their way to New-
port.

On Fridiiy. July 2l9t, the frigHtes Siirveillante, Amazone
and Ilerinioiie 8«ileJ on a cruise. On the 241h, "SI. de Vci-
ornais, first lifiutoiiant of the Hennione, died of a wound
i-eccivod in a tight between the Hennione mid the British
frigate Iris, which took ptaeo in June, off the east end of
Long Ishind. TTio next day his remains were intenisd with
military honors.

"Ttiv li»ii)»«>« of iiubUc irvomhJp n.-iiminril in thv rulno'iio slaU: iu wlilrli
the Brlthh left them,* m tbe neveral soclellofi hBil Dot tlie spirit, or abil-
ity, to rupiLir tlieiii ;— bi'sldt-c. as the war wna iiot over, the ■'une cftiise*
miitlit again reduce thcin to the rbhic or a worae couJUiuu. Trinity
church IwMl been Mpivrctl ni»m the vtintw, McnsloiMHl hy the war; and lliu
b^^ll In Lhat tower wiih the only one rcninlullig In th« town. Tlic mlliUtvr.
Mr. iti*i>t:ll, having li^ft tvirh llic tronpH, nn<1 Iho hi>UA4^ hciit>; usi-lcaa Uj
the congregHtioii, Uu- Itev. tlnrdlner Tliurstoii, Klder of 11k- Si^ixintl Baf
tUt Church, was allowed to U8« the church edillee. and lie preached thei
to bl« DuinvruUH c^ougrvKutlou euiuv yearx, until his uvrn mcvtiiig-bousi^
waK repaired.

"The general iippfuniiiuc <if thf grcalvr portion of the building was
truly illstr(.->>i4ii]f; ; Hiiahes aiut jflaHU tiioiillv Koiif, and vvtndowK boarded up,
with here uiid there a solitary square of gliwti cut Into the boarding; and
often nut mori; thau one square to a wlitOow."!

By a singular t.-oincidence, AdiiiirHl Graves, witb sis ships
f>f the line, ttrrived at New York almost sitiitiltaiieousIyVith
the nrrtvii] of Dc Temny's fleet at Newport, and on the 13th
of .luly Joined Admiral Arbuthnot, three days after the
French sijimdrim i-eaehed Mewport.

** ThlA Junctlou iiinilc the unval tbrce at New York decidedly superior to
Chat of M IleTcniiiy; Tor the nrinuniL-rn. under Admiral ArbuDnmt con-
alat«d of four Hliipa of the Uue, throe rri|rat«H of forty-four {{uus, aud
thr«« of a unialler nine On thf lUtli, ftmr llrftish rvmeU appeiired off
thr harbor of Ni'wpwrt. aud tlw next inoruhiK ua boo'D aa th« wind would ,
permit, three fr)|£uu>tt uf the t'reneli ^ijiiadron went In purauit of thuni, i

*AuU, P.IM.

t Xvwpurl Uvvvarj, Julf a, lUl.

OUR FRRNOIT AM.IRR.

211

■ud twn tlay« ant-rwAnln uliif or t«ii HriMsU veHsclM of Uie line came in
flight, with Ave rri)^!*.-?) mini Tonr Hinnn vcmcIh. TIic Uirt-c Frrnrli mgntM
KDil A dvnptilch IhihI Virtr i-lmi>t!(l Into tin- lmrtM>[', Tlif BrllUh HcK con-
UdumI iieiir Hlock iHlaiitl, Krom ihesv mfiv«nieiit« It wiw evlilmilly tlio
otjjwi of tin- Brlllsh i-ominwitlGr to blucks{l« tli« Freitfh s'londron; oinl
•a attack wuh aho fciircU bcron- prcpnrulioiiH cotilcl he iiiiule to rentHt It.
Oeueral llcnth ImmecUsccLy onlpred foloiipl OweneV rfifimcnt of contj-
netitnl tmnpA. nml rhc r>M.'niitH fnr ihAt Mcrvlcti U> lake pont at Ifowlatid'n
Ferry. Bristol Ferry umJ BntlV Hill. llecalEe^l on Uie Oovvmtkt- of Hbodc
IklikDd Tor tinofii liuinlrpul tnilitia, nml r(H|utuit.eil H^ht Ijiinilred more rW>ili
Brlntol roiinly In Mns^HchUKett^. Hp llkpwi<<v wftc 1<> tlm Counc-ll of
MussnchEiNcttN. <t«slr1ni: thai nil llie iiiIIUIa in ilic Stato, who hnrl been
deMchtv) to KL-rvc I'or tlm-c tiionthK In thv itiiilti ariny, (.-xri^iiL ltio»e In
Hampnlilre anil Ittrkshlre coiiiitlc-H, ithoulcl be sf-nt hnniidlalcly to New-
JwrL A ]ik« rpijniBiUon ws» madv on Ijovcmor Trumtinll for one Ihon-
HDd mUltla mm Coiiiicttlc«t. With lh«ite forces. If they cuuUI be "pe^d-
lly cotlectncl. ( 'oiinl <le RochnnilH^au tlioiifcht \tt aliocild.he hMc Lt> wllhsunil
nn ntuck."

The alnrin .^oon pjisffcO, and the niilitin n>tni-ni>d home.

Shortly aller (lie Frt-'nch ullieft arrived in Newport,
Lafiiyettc, Uy the dii*ection of Wnshinjrt^n, visited Rot-bam-
beau and Dc Temiiy to confer with thorn in rofcrencc to
early nnvnl iind land (i[>omfions. Knlhusiastic ns Fjiifayette.
in the nurnitb uf his youth, was seen tu be, KoL-hitmb'cau,
in tho maturity of sober yciira. seemed scarcely less euniest.
Ilo cherished an honorable ambition for his own fame, and
for tho reputation of the army iiiidpr his command. Tho
same spirit was in Do Temiiy. Hut both wiire cnulions, and
not disimscd to run doubtful risks. "It is always right, my
dour Manjuts," wrote K<ifli sun beau to Lafayette, "to believe
that Frenchmen are invincible; but I, after an experience
of forty years, am going to ctuilide a gi-eat »t»cret to you;
there arc no men more easily beaten when they have lost
confidence in their chiefs, and they lose it when their lives
are ronipi-omised, owing to any private or perwonnl smhi-
tioD. If I bave been so fortunate as to hare retained their
confidence .until the present moment, I may deelaro, uj»n
the most scrupulous examination of m^* ou'n conscience,
that I owe it entirely to thiei fact, that, of about tifteea

212

RHOPE lfir.ANI> ra THK RBVOLTTTTON.

thou.siiml nieii who h«vc l»et;ii kilKnl or «o»mdwl uiidftr my
coaitiiiiiid. [>r vtiritMiis niiiks. ninl in ihv nio^t liliitHly Hftious,
I liHve lint to ropniiicli myself with luLvImj; caused itie death
of a single man Wn my "tvvn iKTsunnl atlvHiiUm^o."

An inm-ttvp siiiiiincr ;inii wiiit«r ;it Newport, undor a pos-
sililo hlofk.'ulc l>y tlio <Miriiiy, wji.s hy no iiicikni^ an agreeable
pivsptH't I'ur UtH-liiinilH'ini, l>o Ternjiy, in" their oHiceni to
c()iitcni)tlaU>, mil) Iiolh chiefs would huve Iteen f^lntl to have
at once employed (bo nruiy and tho naval force in any enter-
prise that ;ravc fair pi-oniisp of sncc^iss, and in which th&y
conld show their devotion to the cause they had licen sent
to support ; l)iit an attiu'k on New York, which Washington
and I/nfayette hsul nitu^h at heart, required mival superiority,
and they thoujj:ht it prudent to awuit I he arrival of the sec-
ond division, then hood expected. To that eonchiBion
Lafayette al>o finally earne. There, for the moment, the
plan rested.

In wrilin-^ In VVashin^dTi, ^'iving the results of this inler-
Tiew, the Mnnjuis make* an intereslin;; statement that
nmy properly tind plitco hero. After saying, "the French
anny dislike the idea of rta^nnn; hero, and want to join
you." he adds;

*' Their i1Upo*>ltlc>ti htwiireU tht- inli»hitanU Hit*! our troops, nnd the c11a>
posiUonit nf thi- iti)irililliintj< uDfl tlie mllltlii unviirds ilicm, are biicIi iui I
comM wish. Vi>u woiilit liuvc been aliul tlio wilier diiy lo »ft; two hundred
(iiiil fflfty of ounlriiflo, »t1hi went to CoiiaiilrMjt li^liind without provlBluiis
Rnd leiits. Riicl who vmre luixfil hi siicli u wii>' with the Frencli ironps,
that cvi^ry French ttolrlicr iiiiH o(n»>r took nit Aiii(?rii-Aii witti htm. nnd
divided hin boil and liln »ii|]pi-i- In tln^ innHt rrlomlly muniK-r. The [)At<«nco
Biul nobrlc-lf of iMir riiilitiii :iir »o much adiiiirpil 'ty ihu Krencli "fflcrm,
thiit tM'o (luys au" n French <'<)loiio) ciilli'ii all liU (ijHrci'tt together to
(le.stri* iliom U> olwtTvi; ilic urxid oxtiiiiplcs wlii4:h won.' sUcn to Ur* Freudi
i^olilirr» hy llic American troops. Unthf ntlifi- hnnil. tlifl French dlscl-
plinp 1.1 siirji. ttint rhlcken.s and jilat* wi'IV between tin- l)nei«. without hclng
dlNttirbed, mid tlint thcTt- is In the camp a ciirnfli;]d of which not one leaf
hax been tim<.-Ueil. Tin- Tories know not what to sajr tu It."

In eompliaiicp with the request of General Washinj2;ton,
General Heath proceeded lo Xewport, where he uiadc bin

^

OCm PRBNCH AI.I.1KS.

213

bcii<l(|iinrl«rs. lln i-mu'Iiitil llic Uiwn iit iiiiiiiii;!:ht. 'luly 11th,
and early thn next morning paid his resperts to (bunt
liochanibeiui. butwi't'ii wliom hikI tiinisflf a iH.-^ting fricnd-
shii* iainu'diati^ly rmiitneiH'od. Ilo also viNilcil Adniiml L>e
Tornay, on hoai-d !h« J>ne de liom-jrognc, where il Hmiilar
triemltthip hiid tiirlh. Fcsfivt' h<)spitalitii!s were fceely
inl<?re]5iiiitrc<l, "in the lunst Imppy fnit<?niity," and while
T«niaiu)iig lit Newport, every possible uttention, on the part
uf (icneml Heath, wna r^von to tho comfort and needs of
the nllics.

SErRET AND OPEN INSTRUCTIONS.

BQCHAHBEAC ASNOUNCK8 HIS ARRIVAL TO WA8IUNCJTON BY
LETTEB.-AI^O NOTIFIES ( uNGRESS.-LETTEB KROM GBN-
EBAL I'OKNKI.L.— SI I'l'MtiS I'on 'niK AKMY ANU NA\"\'.— Dll
TAULK WKITKS TO GOVEItSOR OHEKNB RELATIVR TO THE
KBEDS <)F THE AKMV.

UlE Boerct infitnieti(in.s of the King, delivered to
Koohjimljcau beforr sniHng, were comprised in two
Hrticles :

'• I. IIIr Mnjentr (lcHir«« and ordt^r^ ( 'ottnt dc RocIiitmbiMiu to ivtaln, aa
ftr IIS ctrciitniilftnur* Mill pcrmll, Ilic Krcnih tniops «i)lniAtcd to his com-
RiAhd <^oll«rtei1 tOKfttltrr in one corii*. ami Ui r'-pn'tirnt oh prftpor occ»-
akms Ut (Jpnvriil U'n^h install, ComniKDdcr-lD-Oili-'r of tin; tnjopn of Con-
grcsa, under wIidhc ordom lli« Frcutli iroopa nro to >^!PVf, thai It is Ihe
Kln^>i lutcitttoTi ttiiit llir Fronrh troops sliotild not Ik- (Ibprrxrd, hut that
tbej slioulfl ntw»yH act In n hndy niid nn<trr French (icncrnls. except Id
the out or tempornrj' doiAClimciitA, which ai-c to rvjoiii tlte priticlpal corps
In ■ ttvr dAy».

"II. Hbt Mnji^sty inlonda tlnil t)ic rorpM of Frvnclg troops sent to tti«
AMsUtance of tli« I'uiinrc^B^ of tlio Uiiitpd Stales of NorCli AmvricK, ftbould
kvfV ItK own ganrds, ami should perform all ISC' service hnvlci;.' In view
Its security in ttie rniupti. eautonniviito, or cjuM-teni, which U umy occupy."

su

RitnnR idijuuD in tub rkvolution.

In LiB open instructions to the Cxiitnt, the Kin<r provided
" that tlie General to wliotn His Majesty entrusts the com-
nmnd of his troops, shonlil always, nnd in atl casrs, lie
nndor the commanrl of General Wrtshinglon ; " th«t all pro-
jocts and plans fur the cnin[>a)g'n, or for private expeditions.
should he decided upon by the Amerienn General, keeping
in view the harmony which His Majesty hoped to see
hetween the two Command ere- in-(1itef, and the Generals
and soldiers of the two nations ; that the Freneh troops
hein^ only anxiliaries, were to yield precedence nnd the
right to the Amorir-an troops; that the American officers
with equal rank and the same date of commission, should
have the command, and in all cases the American troops
were to lake the right; that in all military acts and capitu-
lations the American (icnemls and tix)0|)s wore to he named
first and sigri first ; that the French troops were to retain in
all casei$ full jurisdiction and rijrbt of trial over every indi-
vidual belonging to it ; that His Majesty having provided
for all the wants of the troops who may be sent from
Enrope, it is ex[>ot:ted that the strictest oilers will have
been issued for furnishing the necessary provisions and
refreshments of all kinds, and the hor^^s required for traus-
jKirting the French artillery, and that Iheso supplies will be
at hand wherever ciixum stances may render it advisable for
the French lrooj)s to land ; and finally, " (hat although it is
left entirely to General Washington to dispose as he pleases
of the auxiliary troops sent to America, His Majesty would
desire that, in case the French division should not be imme-
diately united with General Washington, and should be
detached for any expedition with an Anioritain corps, the two
French and American general officers might bo independent
of each other, whatever their rank, and act in concert with-
out either giving or receiving orders."

LETTEK TO W-VSIUNCTOX.

With becoming consideration, the Count de Rochamboau

OITB FRENCn ALLIK8.

n5

seized the OArliost hour that cnuld bo epamd, to writo to
Wasbington, announcing his arrival at Newport, and explain-
ing tbo coiisidci-atiuns that upunited wilti liim and Adoiii-al
Do Tornay to establish themsolvus tLere. Ho said :

" BclDg ordered by the Kins, my taustcr. to come and put myscir unilei
your continaiul, [ arrlvu with ili« decpuvt fo«tluKS of submix^loD, or z«al,
and of vviientlon for your pcrnon, eliuI for the distln{pilsticd tulcnts which

yon [ll.splay In ftiipporting on crer momornhle wiir We nre

son*, str, under your commauci, . . . and 1 hope that in a month wc

than bo n-sdy to act aoder Vuur KxcellQiicy's urdvr« It la

hardly ncc«!*Nary for mc to tril Your Ext'elluncy that I briii« mifllclent
fViDds to pay lu cn»h for whatever Is cicedtKl by tbo Kiiiif's army, and tlinC
we shall tnalntatn as .strlft dl«ci[>liuc! n.t If wc were under the tvalla of

Patia General Heath has sent to all parC« of the country the

newa uf our arrivnl, of our dlHoiphnc, ami of niircoKh pN]-invnt«, and 1 do
not doubt th.it wllhlti a few dnya we yhalt dnd here an abundant market."

The Count also wrote to Congresfl, ivliich occasioned the
following i)Ica3ant Iptter from General Cornell, then in Phil-
adelphia, to Governor Greene:

" The Prc«idflDt of {Joagnms lately received a lettor Trom tho Count de
Rochambcau. It waa exceedingly polite, and ita contetita muM do the
heart of every Am^riciin kooU that had the pleasure to hear it rend; but
more especially If he belongwl to the Slatea of MaaitaclmNetts or Khode
I»laud. BeappeiLrcd to he much plcuscd with the conduct, uf the luUHIa
that caiutf to his asslalance. and be&towod on them the b)f:he«l eiicomlums,
appearing to be perffctly aecun- for Newport from any visit Mr. Clinton
tolgbt pleaac to make. The Sllolster at this place* appears to be much
pkaacd vrlth the rount'n rfpri-H<fntatii>n!> tu him. I hope the people of
Rhode l^lnml atr ni4 much pr<-jiidk-<-d in fnvor of the French gentleiiion In
that pince as I Kin with the MInlater here. 1 must coRfeso If I was ever
prejudiced aualnst the Krviich, It Is all at an vtid, as I think It must be
with every AnicHcau who has tho honor to bu acquainted with the Minis-
ter. ir he can t>e allowed a true Frenchman. To sf^e his polite, nnalTecied,
euy manner of addroM, the kirithi'eiya and abundance of good nature wtth
which he trcaU all ruiikn und ordeni of men, his exceaialvL- foiidiicui for
Amcricauti km allien ; to mIiicU uiiiy b« addw) Uie MKe and comfort evrryono
eqfoys thai has the houor to dine at his Table, fk-ee from erery kind of cer-
emony or fonualliy, erery one left to eat and drluk »» hv pleaMith. stay us
lone u bo pleascth, aud go away wbcu ho ple&seth. I want nordu to
express, Slid shall not Intrude on your patieocc."

•LiUerac.

916 BHOnC ]aL.\NIt IX Tin KBTOLmOX.

2it«|iik were (luivklv ttkkeu to se^nire ample »u|)f>lie$ for the
wmo' wnl tke u»vy. Fi« this }mr))U(*», agivements were
««t«F«<t ittW with Jvkiwh Bbkelv , iiK>n-faau(. of Haitford, O. .
whtl (VwkcU itMrtob. ilM»Vikltv>r Jv la Nvx^ lo Auviah tbe qiaii-
tKt,v ol' Wvt' auJ utMltMt iM^-«ise4rv to ^ut^sKi ihr Freaeli smT.
ikould it KaH.-h tbie uuMkber of t:f^«^M.i^> eueti. ttom Xoptsu I^.
11^, W JattUfiurv U 17^1. INrovkskw wac> a&w MMtfe fer
1,5L>1^coe^ of wood, "ami luort* if iiim.-vcw«it '*^ ; 3>j3>^i tuai»
of hii>- : i$7,l:f^ buc^bi o£ kmHa: <>U tuma of :rt;mw ; 30J»0
btttJi«Iti of luUitui cvfu ; T,l::i;> buuheU of oafo> eCc^ecc.*
To atfcur« a iMviu{>fi su|^lv ^r au immediai!!! need. H. (ia
Tarle. cbe X>iret:ua^ i^'uimuibtiarv aud bttvudaut of cfaa acmy.
addrv(>6«d Uiti ti>IJi/wiiig rvt^utMt to t.rti«enior UEmtnu :

- Beuoit JtMiupb Jc I'vk. < uutailSMU-? Urdenn- of War and InusdanC
of Uu. Mo*E Chribtiiui Mtuus^y'sarnvr iMuiiuiunte*! ttr Xobk 1« Coats tie
BoclwiubciMi, tM^ik lizjkvt: tu KprtttMut to Hifr Katxllenvr tfaw irOTenor nf
tbe Slate uT BbuUfe IbUuJ, iluu a v«ry larg*: 'twattty of •ttnm i* imnwdl-
atelf UMicwNU'v lor tbu >«:rvic« <>r IjiK-Htwl CbiiMlaa >faQ«B<r''» anar. tfa«
Uke p«nwuu^ eiuployt^ Ii)ik« iiot l>««u attic uj uuUect auy. at- che fiuiMUB-will
not at pKMcut Uini»li out tlitiir ^raiu ; m- tUi* artltlc nui»4 lj« laiiilinrlT

*tlf an aywcinrat rimda uu timul tli Uii ■!• BxngmiM". ■'■^5 ->• I73i^ <■->«•. >!■ la.'ta*
w«» te fanutt MM wnU 'i^ nuwiltOT «a "Imk>Lihu>im<. iHrnch uwd," l.twubamtoufflMr
oC tka tMM'iaality ivb«itiiiBa ia < na^qtwu. m. «; psr iMadfMi IbiWhaca aHaarria
oMtB «aaU;< " >Im wvitttii 'j|' tIhi <*1m4> M tm almu I j.tMi Ibk^" U ilw priOB uf taaawaa
NMlMX-'larul«r> iwtu-HwiK I'vr •;«Kh puHwl, KniMili wrigtat."— iIm Iqmf to life "wainliMl with
tiM (ital, Imul, laUiiw uMl •kin, 'hiTpl Tht> iMiMoU." Itia Iwy. >u>ia. ei*. wm* io ba f^r-
aialMxi >w J«liu ItkiitiHtB, -' ur '.itcir ^ iTHwui. iitEivluuua " vvaiktr ^ > >k, HoMtm. Par-
nwut nju :-j :* iiuuli* '^> -uini ja -it^iivrnai iu int; KirjgV ■■■-h-""-, .ii tlwi nMe»I' 1-lu lt*i«>
:lic t'JU III 'ik>. '■! 'cu ■i«i>;>. "kcx-u .-vtie juu :iim ilittuHwn ibc t>tuUri hi laiiuuii'vra, ji

live 111 rfe>.UMl • U-tvU rUUs Illt i>UMtti «l' 'ihU. .iml rUItv-IiTt; iIVIVt IIiD (uu 111' ^IJ». '~ •IIMV

lliini •■( 'bB ]mi tu rw iu liiitlao. " kl 'Im i-mb "I >i*e LIvrw juti 'ire •uu* loiuiHii* t-aato."
abJ lUe Lwiauu: .jI' tww-;uir>l« Id uiltc •/( • juIibhiiv .u i Uiny •(«>», <lnt«B on lUc I'TUMunir
at Wax .n l**ri».

lUaMiy ■null ltc>. le ui.Nui Httn i-i iiUMwii :,.<•■* cunl^ui'nwd Iu iliruniof ni .^L fatir,
laUUiuaut ul llH: Frcauli dfiuy. .It III* rata <>l' 'Vcuiy-iin: livnniiMl live mmu I'HinMtu, pre
curU,|iiuda>>iU>tB.-iu«-tliv<i*iullata> •wi»aliinl«Mll»ul>Acliw>][ruHUn rtvaMutw m War
in I'ai'u »t luriv day*' ■•lkI'I-

In A '.-uiUiacfeikw: H^lt t>p Iriimj. rfiK'liuutifeau. la: laitrjitul l^^itmr, !i«U tijBciii»-
Diitii-c ^|i|Miiitvii I'v Utu jiuxpwK i>) JUMMtcbaMiU* diiilHwiitn. ul Nb«|imc1i it nata^ngnl
aa :■*=;. "u> iKkd -)ic :-iiiuiaHu ntwlr lutkr uUk iiimaHiM .iMtnilti ;Im- -jhw run •■>

lUUIH:} ."

Ilni I'uwt i-cutwKii '»iM >'u« :)■• .MM«M ui .\*» Hau^sUiie. 'laMfL'liaimlT Bagr, liboUat
|fuu4ii iiiui I L'uuvcuiiiii ;■> .-upyiv' i<h )-it4m1i .irutj wuli :1m iinaMar)' uriMlnt lor uMh
i(Uk:ti^)<pwuui tutMaaUBUi;lur> Iu Jl. 1* Incite, .la \m ivUc* -UltiiJ JifWyurt, Ab^uM ::.

OUR FIlENCn AIJ,IEa.

217

oouatAntijr nirnbhecl lo Ihe imldiers of the armjr, be requests the r&ror of
nis Excellency to liikc hhcIi Atcps a.* will oblige t|i« Rtrmers trnmcliiitol;
to IhroAfa oat tbelr Rraln unil cart tlidr stnw to Newport, when; llu-jf will
b« paliil fi>T it on dolh'cry by thr persions employed lo supply the ■rmy.

'Newpokt, AnptislS. 1780."

The only action of the General Assembly on rcpord that
call bt construed as having rulalioii to tlie foregoing letter of
the FrciK-h Intendaut, is the following:

'■ WlicrosB. It la probabk that the army of His Most Clirlsttnii Stajcsly,
cominan(1c{l by le Comte de Kochambeau. and also n part of tho Amerlrui)
arcny will bi^ r)llart«^^d lo tlie town of Newport, thi> ensuing wintor,—

"It Is therefore rotcd nnd resolved, that It be, and hereby is, recam-
mrnitcil lo Ephralm Bowi-n, Jr., Kjkj., Deputj-l^unrUrmaiiter-liMiprnl, to
appoint a Burrnck Master, to provide barracks for llie Rxld troopx Imiiiedl-
ktcly : BuU tbnt ii be uUa rocouimeiidcd to btai to appolul Jabcs Ctiampliu,
Xsq., to lK»t omce."*

PROVISION FOK THE ARMY.

THB SICK.— ADOITIONAI. UOSPITALB.— LKTTElt KBOM TAKLK.—
QOARTEKS FOR THE OrFICEBS.-VEESON MAN8I0N.-VEK-
NON F-VMlI.y.-SC*HOOL IN BUI 8TOL.— COMMISSARY BLANCH.
AJUJ IN BOSTON.-rUEL.— DOI;VlM,K.-l>K. KHHKAIM BOWEN.
—BIRTHDAY OF IX)UI8 XVI.--TRAVELS OF OFriCEKS.

3JN addition (o tlic provision mndn for hospitiiU by M. Do
^5 Corny and Dr. Craik, the State Ilou-se, wbidi had been
naed by the British, the Presbyterian moetiiig-house, and

U

•(M.mec.tx..m.ta.

218

Rnf>T>E rSI.AJfD IN THE BKVOI^TTTION".

privalu dwelliu^'ts in NrwiKtrl, wero jip|tru|)rijit«d to these
uses. The {nn<tin;j; of ihn sick, whii'h wixs nonrhidtod with
great cn.ro, ori'iipi^d fowv clays. I''<nii- hnntlrotl were placed in
tlie li<>s[iit«ls in Nfwpoil, (wo huudroci iiimI ci^flily wen- sent
to the hospital &t Pnpuos<)tiiuh I'oint, where thi^ General
Assembly ordered a piece of ground to fw lent-od in for 1 lurial
purpuses, and tliroc hundred wero eonsigned to the hospilaU
in Pro^idcnoo. Ilcsidcs these, one hniidrod, belong-injir to rhe

^,«i4*;?.-

.'CtL'ii.

iU4

1, -,(f=:

-.^JM

SlAll. IlntlHh IX N'LHI-Itlir, L'Pihll \f- \ Itli'il'JIti

tvgiment of liourhoniiois, woi-c phired in a hiopitsd in Bos-
ton. The pIa<;o of inteniiejit lor tht- French soldiers at
Newport wnn in the eiMiinion Imrial ^jrimnd, neiir llie west
fence, or witliiri tilly (eet of" the .<itme ; htil the ^Tound, hav-
inf^ no stone inemorialw, ha*i twen mowlly occupied since.
The general otticers were buried in Trinity church-yar<I.

Uneertain whether li campaign would soon be ontei-ed
upon, and in view of possible «|uiet for the reMrhio of the
year, Count do l{ochamI)eftU conceived the idea of utilising
the houses in Newport, Uristo] and Warren, dumuged by the

OCR FRENCH ALLIES.

21f»

enemy M-hile occupying the island. To this end he directed
the Int«Ddant, M. Tarl6, to commiinicat* with the State
autlinritieti:

LltrriUt TO aoVKRXOK ORCICNK.

" Nkwport, AagUHl 29. 1780.
"Gkktltuikn : — Muiid. ihc L^ouiit de RudiAiulicAu lias dc«Ire(l mt lo do
mjMir tti« lioiior lu liifuriTi >ou, Uiat altliuuj{li lit: due* not conaiilei' tli«
caropaliru to bv near ii coiicluitloiit and that lie ktHrpii h\» jrmy constantly
reKdy to tuorcli uiiywhcire lliat Uciieml WaiiUlu;:toD tibnll JudKi" necessary
for th« 9ii|»poit or llie coiiHiiuii Liiti«v, lie thinks, Kt'iiclcKicn, tliiit 'loUi wls-
ilotn niMl prudciii'p dlrl.ile to hltn in provlik in ilttR- tlio.-e mentis ivlilot)
onglit lo bf iul>i|)i.fil lo loil;ie ids Lroo|>4 ll^ nooii aif Lirriernl Wti^liin^toa
■tlmll nutliurl/.f hliu to order tliPtn IntowliUer mmrters; and niU-r huvhig
nialurvly I'xainihL'tl (Ik- tuo uiudeH lic! Ija» (o vlioui'i* for this purpose,
vfhetlier to pfjicw tlictn In bnrriickti or in i|iiaru-r iIr-iii In Xevvport, Ilrl.itol,
and Wamni, lie JiitliteN, seiitienu-ti, tliat iiutuitlitiUiidliic tii.-* earucsi dcslrw
to ailnpl (liv flrhl mclhod na llie most proper to inflint[iin tlie exact (Unci-
pUuc lie btui n(Iid>LlNlicd lu lii« iirtii)', lie Itdnkit 1>chI. ncverlliele^, lo pre-
Ikrtho MtconO, ('ounldei'ltit; tliv Ix-iii-'flt lli»t wUI nccniv IliPretVoui to tbe
InlmblliintN or the loHiiM of Newport, ltri^tu) nnd Witrrun, ii« by tbU
Bteniis tliUM; liuiises nlilcli hntc lieeii so exveedlnmly daniajtvd by the
English while ihey wi-re In posHetiitlou nf thli* iitlnnd, »lli be rcpnlred.
Tli«iic, eenllenicn,.ire the ^tcnMinent^ or the <_'oiinl ihr It'M-hiiiiibedii. should
clrcumstjtneeit delemilni' iti-n^rnl Wa>hiii;:tr>n Id plA(-<- tbe French nrmy In
winter iianrtcrs at Khoik' NhiiuK mid be luis rliiiri^l uie to eomniunleste
tbem to you, under a Itnn pervnnston tliAt they wili t)« oKr^nblc to yoUt
aod llint on your port, fteiilleHieii, you will concur to rtilQII his desires, In
[.aulatluK hini hy nil the mcaiin In your jxiwer. with wood nnd matcrtiils
Beccssary lo repnir houses in Newport iitid ilrlstol. You are seii<tiblc, gen-
tlemen, or the udvanlaj^e:^ the itdinldlants oT these towohwill derive n-oiD
tbe propoHod u-ninf{fnieut<<, on whlrh itnhjecl the rouni <t« IlocbambeMi
requesfai you to (hvor me UiinieOIntely with your de term Inn tloii itnd liilen>
tiOD*.

" I bare the honor to be, witb great reefiect, gentlvinen,

" Your most obrilteiit and nio«t humble servAul,

^

Intvndant de I'lirui^.**

220

TtHODK ISLAIflJ TS Tir« ItRVOLCTIOS.

Hanng lauded the troops, cared for the sick, and arranged
encampments, the next step was to secure quarters for the
officer of (hi' aiTiij- tind of the imvy. The iicccsiiary medsnrcH
were at once tflken. Count de Rochnnibeau selected the
manniou of the Hon. 'Wtllitini Vemon, at the comer of Mary
and Clsrke streets, and Admiral Dc Torniiy chose the lionie
of Colonel Wanton , (iMtt Water street. To my helpful friend,
Henry Tbiyor Drowne, Ksq.. l*rosident of the New York
NutinnnI Insurance Company, I am indebted for a copy of s
French imumBcript in his possession, containing a table of
tho honHCs in which Ihe French oflicers were entertained
dnrinjr their stay in NeM-port. Of this, use it) made on pages
221, ^i2, and 223.

ori'ICKIW OP TllK KUCNCU Altur IX AMERICA UNUKa TUE
tX)L'XT m: KOt'IlAHIIKAU.

>I. iM ivrnt" fin KocliKrabcnu, Uputmanl
(linfral, Cmnniamlnnl, l>rBtid-4'rolii, v1(^.

)t ittr.i.'fi.tr.\ iiK ( 1MI-.
I>tn«rui](le V]oin(«iil1,
I^ K'otnw dc ViDmcBUI.
L'hCvaltur tU- t'liutdlux.

<)I7 A HTKKM A-ITK lUhi > K X KJU I-

31.IJ*IM>n>r, lirlRHdhv,
aUH. tic VtioHr. iWftaitr. eto^
Iiouli Alrxuiiltv t;!.'/!!!!?!-,
CUMr Ik-Tllilfr.

TNT KM I AX 11).
t>t r*Fl>-, InCciulnltl .

MM. .!<■ lir.iin-liiMtl, I'Tiurlpitl ami prcxrlndMl.

AltTILLKnlR.

U'AbovllJr, (.'oLoucl'CotninMtdaiit.

AIItB8.IIB.t.'AMI> TO U. f'K IUV'tl.kMIIIUI.'.
!<• Coinli' lie ri-rwn, CnjiOiiliii',
Le Ccmi* (Ic Uunu,

Le Bann ilc f:^oM^■n, "

I>nnuM, '•
De LMbcidifrn,

D« VaatMii. ••

Albm-lrk-i^AMI* Ti> M. I'V. VtOHMXtl-
Id' I'umli* <ti' (linliaii ■]•■*, t'^tpllnlnr.
Im I'Rtiiti', Mcutcimut.
[.e Clitr. <l\>lnnur. Ci^iilalitr.

Aiiir.A.itK-(-AMp TO N. DB mxamAJOx.
UJI. do 31«Dlrt<iaini.

I)F I.TIKtt.

C010\KLS.

MIIKHOXMAIS.

U U. MnnEiii ale La'nl Montntorvnol,

I^ Vlcoinl« de ItodwaUKau, Culomtl m

1IOYAI, t>M'\-|-ll.STS.

KM. L» Coralo ' lirlnllftn tie IWiix.I'nnl*.
U ('amlc UuUlAiuuc de imXri^otHM.

UMI* IMllt-ColODIil ) ■
8JVIXTUXOK.

MM. U Comlr dc inttlar. Brlcidter, elc.
Vlcomtc 'Is tlinrlnw.

UM. dfiyBlllI-MvMllV*,*''>''>Dcl.ruiDInillKl*Uti

l« ^'IgokiIa tie XaBlilca, fcniLd Col.

MM. [.!• Itiic dc t^iiiuii.
( onnlArtliurUUIon.

AKTH-LKirll^.

Kkdkl, l.tFutcuuit-Gdlo'nl.UlrMtMirdu Hue.
Dc LuUr, Ma>>r d« J'^tiMge.

HU. l>fMiulfi>iiln*,^'ali3nvl-L'0Rii>iHn<lant,
De CJuereiw), LlputeMoWolonel.

OUR fBENCH ALLIES.

221

MM. Cb. d'Ogrf,
('M«vagnr,
l>'OpIprrc, CapltBlnp.
Uaron de Turpfn, Capltiilnc.

UtliK'AL t>KP.VI(T»E>'T.
MH. ( MlF, l'hyaicilin.|ii.CI)icr,
Koblllard, Sur)tcoD-ln- Chief,
lt»nre, (.'oinnilHimri-,
l>riuari, llirector of tlie IIuapitHls.

M. BoiilajT,

PAYMAHTEK.

STAFF.

UAJOit-oKNKaAL.'s A ma.

SIM, Chevalier dcTarl^, Ueutenant-Colooel,

Chtv. dc 31i.'D0Dvlll«, " "

lIl'AUTKBMAaTER-aENBltAL'S AIU8.

il. lA! Cher, de Ituvllle, <.'apltalDe,
<.:olloi.

KTAT UtX LUGEMKNS OCCUI'fiS DANS LA VILLK ]>K NKWI-OKT, PAE

l/AlIMfcL.

awe Ordrtt lie Jl'r Le Ct«. tU ItoehomJjtau, ptndant U Quarlier iTMver de 1780 A 1781.

[m'AltTEBS Of THE KlIENCH OKKlCEKa IN NeWI'OKT, 1780, l?8l.]

ifetMitun.
[.VanM 0/ Offleert.]

Cbea.
[At tht Houte c/]

Will lain VenioD.

(1 uart crmaiiter-G eDcral'a offlcv.

Joieph Wanton.

Captain Slaudaley.

JoMph Wanton.
Jac. Rod Beverla.

JfUM. Xot.

[Stn^t.J

ttlAKTIEH tiilSt-RAl.

Ix C*t(t dc Kochambeau, Gdn^ral, Kew lane, SOS

l>eTarte, Intendant, Thamea, 2ii
Baron de Vlomesnll, Hor^hal de

Camp, " L71
L« Cher, de Chatellux, Idem,

fkUant l.e8fonctloniid«MaJ'r-Uii'al, Sprinf^, 01
Le Cte de ^'loniesnll, UarMial de

Camp, Thanei, STi

Ve Cholir, UrlgaiUer, Water, ao:;

ETAT-IIAJOR DE l.'ABMliE.

I>e Itt-rllle. Il'ol-Ci'al dea Login, Congreas, '2V0 Uoaea LevL

AlUES MAU'L UEK'L UE8 LOGI9.

Le V'te de Hochambcan, New lane, 303 William Vernon.

Collot,

DeB^iUe,

I>e Henonvllk,
l>e TarU,
bobouchrt,

Iteaandroulna, Colonel Comman-

dant,
Dg Qq^'^bpI, IJru tenant- Colonel,
l>e I>a]yi, M^Jor,
I)e Dof r^, <'aplIaioe,
Crubller d'Opterre, Ca| ill aloe,
I)e (iazarae, Idem,

Le Ua'on flc Turplu, Ideni,
I>e rinncber, Lieuleiiant,

U'AbovlUe, I iiliiiii'l t.'oiiiniaiidant,
I>e letter, Mt^ur den Kijiilimgen,
Haaduit, Alde-M^Jor,

llroad,

3«

John Wanton.

CongroM,

a»

UoBea LevL

JOll.tlEM. DE

L'tSlfASTKRIK.

Spring,

UO

Captain G«orge.

ThanieB,

■JK

(j uarternia»ter.Genenl'« oOee

■'

•jlia

Captain storey.

coitrs iiE ufjiit:.

ThameB,

28

Colonel John Slalbone.

"

X3

Colonel Ualbone.

"

GO

3In. Gldley.

Mill,

201

Henry Ward.

"

aw

rardon Tilllngbaat.

"

aft*

U II

Thame*,

13S

William <'ogKeaball.

AllTlLI.ERtE.

Tlianu-ii,

10

JohnOverlng.

"

13

WUllauiGylea.

••

£1

Idem.

322

BHOnE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

Ma$itUTM.

Aim.

JVof.

Cfea.

[Samu nf Qglcrri.]

[Streelt:

1

[^flkeA(NMe<i/']

IKTEKIIANCK.

BlMichud, Com'rc dri gu'e* ppal.
DeCorny, Com. des guorrei,
D« VUlemtuuy, Idem,
G«B, Idem, et <le L'Artlllrrii^,

Thames,

Abrali. Uedwood.
Simon Trine.

(JuartMinaiter-i.>vi>iTHl'a vIBre.
Rebecca Klder.

I'KTIT KTAT MAJ. IIK I.'AHVKK.

Hullliu, CaptalD dei liuld^i.

4 'ongn;i<i,
I-Kf;VOTK,

■axi

Mrii. Mumtbrd.

De Koncliamp, I'n'vol,
La PriKin de la Vllle,

I'lUlll,

1.V4
:»5

■lohn Uoutmau*.
Mar; Plncgar.

AII>Kii-ll)'>CAUl- l>li M. LK tTK. i>K

VtH UAJIHKAL'.

Le etc. de FeriM!!!,

I^e U'U de Itainms,

L«CheT'er(le Lametli,

Domsi,

D« LuiberdUre,

Le B'on dc CIomd,

New laiie,
Spring,
Neiv lituv.

aw

Jul
;tul

Itubert Sti'veni.
•liiwph Antony,
llvnrl I'otltr.

AlDKH-ItlMAMl'

LIE U. m U'ux I>K

VIOMK.SMI..

M. d'Aogely,

I^e Cber. de Vlomeimll,

De Chabanneg,

Brlnunean,

St. Anund,

DeFuige,

Briton,

Spring,
TliameK,

1'

1.-IU
lAu

.Vilam Kcrgutun.
Ciold Manli.
.Iu)in Freebudy.

UoMManli.
■loicpli Wenlou.

AIDKS-IiK-l-AUr lIK

M. I.E UllKV

A 1.1 Kit

I>K (.:ilATKLM'\.

De Lints,

De HootMqulou,

T.ewla,

ll.(
in

.^laclaine JUkay.

AII»:iI-L>K-(.'A>ir l>K M. LK \'tv i»:

. VIIISIKSMI..

D*01oDDe, I'alnf ,
D'Olonne, le ceaet,
StM'^,

LI.t:wl><,J
Spring,

■JTl

:t:ir

I'JlwuTd llsiard.
M'llliikm Almy.

AlIfK-UK.

l-AMI" I>K M.

IIK riiiiisv.

guuuuiii.

Watrr,

tMi

.tur. lti»b. Itlvrria.

AII)&II£-C

:aui' i>e m.

UK II f:

Vll.I.K.

DeBdrUle,

(.'ongrtnH,

av

MoM'ii I.<:ii.

De BB(iln7, Tr<wrier de rarm<-e,

Hnppock,

;iH

.■'elxaa et l.<-vy.

Lr.a vivitK

?■,

Dftore, R^lateiir,
U Orion, Calialer,
Bourgola, Dlreoteur,
Dura], Iiupeotear,

.Mill,

Tliiuu<>K,

Spring,

l.'ongresii,

HOl-lTAI.'*

IS'.'

Kir

M'flliuiii l'ogge«haI[.
Dr. Tltllngliast.
Wmiam (ilbbn.
Itoberi Mlllbrlclge.

De Han, lUgliMMir,
De C<ut«, lit HMecln,
KobllUrd, l(t Chli^ Mtjut,
L'aliM de Gleinon, AaroOnler,

Thaini-ii,
Uack,
'J'hamvn,
Spring,

iL';i

»4^

.luiiii'ii Tuylor.
^Vl[liam Lliiduii.
.lamei !• enter.
Willow Braylon.

OUR FBENCH ALLIES.

223

[yawui of Ct^cerf.J
Buret de BleeJer, IKflHeur,
Lou It, B^glueur,
SiurtiD, Uardc-UagBBla,

Ran. Ko: Chez.

IStrtfti.] [At Ike Btnueqf]

VIVRKS DB I.A VIASDK.

Spring, 1K8 Johetat Glbbi.

FO0RRA(SK.

Thunei, U% Gtdeon })1smd.

KFFETs su nor.

I/>n)[ Wharf, ConatanB Tabor.

KKUIHKNS (\ANTflXXE.S DANS LA VJIJ.E. M. 5[. LES COLONEI-S KT OFFI-

3131.

I<e 3r» de /.Aval, Colonel,

KKIt'T ME mm 1 1 BOX X AIM.

High, L'::! Robinson.

1^ vie de Rochambeau, Col. 2d,
Ue llreMollea, LieDtpaant.('olon<-l,
Ue fiambo, Ma|nr,

Xew lane,

31111.

ITIeIi,

^VI)lIatn Vernon,
.loseph Clark,
ItobiiiRon.

KK(['T

IIK lE'AL I1KI

I'S.I'OST

'."■.

I# Cte. d«-B l)viix.]'ont«, Colonel,
I<e <'te. U'nnie ilrn Deux-Pouts,

Col. aJ.
f« Baron d'tlzcbeck, Lleut.^Col.,
llvfprei, M«for,

BraatI,
High,

401

<ieorge Scott.

Nat ban lei 3Iumfonl,
WUUam SliU.
Til Oman Vernon.

llK<iT UK NOlSHOSIIiAlS.

Le H'lt de iit. Mecniei, Col'el, High, Wi
I>eVtedeNoBUIeR,<'olon«l^, Water, nu
IHAoeelme, Col. ad. Back, «W
lyKipeymn, M^lor, ciHffln, M'.>

MI*B Colei.
Thomaa Robloeon.
William Coziena.
Itohert Mwton.

RKfi'T DK tt.*IKTON(iK.

Le 3ri« de Cuitlne, Colonel,
Le Cte. de f'harlus, ('ol. en ^M,
l>e la Valette, Lleut.-Col.,
IteFlenrj, Major,

Ifirlffln,]
I'nlnt itrid((e,
Water,
Water,

ai:!

Mi
flfO
fittS

■loiepli Durfey.
3Ia)or Hartlu.
John Oldileld.
Jeremie Clark.

Sn

BAT'oS [>' AIIXOMNK,

De la Tour, Lteut.-Coi.,

De Rnielel, Chef de HriRade,

Sprtng,

MINItUttf.

IS

ft;

wmiam Lee.
Ja«eph Tlrodj.

De Chaxell««, (.lief de Brig'e,

Thamei,

AH

le H^or FalRhlld.

De la Choe, Capt. en 9d,

Thamen,

78

Abrah. Rpdwood.

VOT.OKTAIRRH KB lulUZUS.

Le Due de Lanmn, Col., pp'd,

Hufan, Lieut. -Col 'el,

De Schddon, Alley

Thamei,
au Xcck,
I'laee, Tlianiei

3)H
1, -itt

Deborah Hunter.
3Iad'e Ilairiaau.
Juwpli llalliburtun.

224

RllOniS I8LANI> IS THE REVOLUTION.

COXrit DE I^ HABUCH.

A/oaJrwrl.

Aim.

-Vw.

CJkM.

{.Voniei of C{flMrv.]

(SVrftta.]

UtfUfRpMcVJ

Lc Cher. Ou Tenwr. raininaB[Uii.t,

waier.

ew

CdIobc) WaalM.

D« UnnDchaln. H^or,

■'

■•

•■ "

Oe CHpeUU, aUlc-Major.

•■

H

•• H

IiC llur««a dc U llkrlnr.

II

■•

• 1 •!

Dvctouchw, rapt, de V'aox,

Walw.

■27

Vrininm Kniwuoil.

Da L4trninti«rc, Idcni.

M

na

>'nuii-lii Brinli-T-

|}« I^inbanl, Mrrn,

"

asi

ltirUl»pl)c Towaiend.

l>e U VlootnW, lilviu.

■•

aa

JohnToinurail.

Pare de U UwUM.

«l

su

Da MauIfTfiirr.

««

IW

Sainufl JahnMD.

Imprluwrlp i1« Idem

MX

Uopiial de la Harine,

NrwlUf,

UK

EietiM prNbltcvtoDBv.

Hoplul lie la M'ue,

MIU.

IH

Mn. Ilu|>hlM.

Narjr ArtUlcrIc,

Wuer, M Room*

et'a wharT.

611

Cmrxc ltoom«r.

From the pi-ocediiig list it (ippenra that eighty-six army
officers were pi-orulecl with hospilJiMo qiiiirtciN ontsido of
the sovenil camps, while only eleven uiival officer took up
their residence) on shore. The Preshylcriiin cUurch and
the dwelling-house of a private fnmily were t^lcen for hospi-
tals, and the niival avtillory was conveniently rondezvonscd
near the water. The cordiality with which the oflicera were
rec«ived and entertained was extremely gratifying to the
Commandors-in-Chief of the army and of tlie navy, and was
accepted by them .'is a precursor of pleasant relations in the
future.

Immediately on being settled in their quarters, several of
the French officers took hoi-se and galloped over the island,
to enjoy its scenery and to obtain a knowledge of its attraetivo
localities. On their return, tliey t4K>k tea, by invitation, at
the hospitable mansion of John Wanton, Kj»i]., ^on of Gor-
enior Joseph Wtuiton. New England tea drinking was a
novel experience to the guests ; and without exactly compre-
hending its utility beyond its Bocial foatiiro, and with no
decided relish for the bevorage, thny felt bound in politeness
to their hostess to swallow Iho ofleti replenished cups; but
tho capacious flow of the t-oa urn ]>roved too much for tho
comfort of one of the officers, who smilingly said to Mrs.
Wnnlon. with amusing naivete, "I enll vi-sh lo .send diit ser-

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

225

vant to hcic (hcU) for hringing me so much hot water to
drink."

In (heir nimlilea over tho island, whirh were frequently
repented, some of the officers of nolile nuik were sorne-
timcd accompanied by " nmnin^ footmen," in ncccrdaiicu
with an ancient custom of tho old nobility of their nation.

>aJU

Lm COHTit Hi CVntixk.

the ri^ht to practice wliidi llioy inhorite*! fioin their anees-
lors. Tho cxorciflc, as may ho 8U[i|io^, was scvoro, and
dix'w heavily on tho resen'od [wwer of nuiKcles imd sinews.
On their return (hey took hot |>otinri8, nnd retired irmncdi-
atoly (o bed, to recover, by free perspirntion and rest, ability
tu repeat these demands upon their cndumnec.

Conspicuous in this gfidiixy of offifcrs were the Baron nnd
(be Comto de Viumeetnil, Ijoth esteemed by their Chief for
superior military ijualitics; tho handsome Comte do Kon>on ;

BHODB ISLAND IN THE BKVOLUTION.

the fascinating Duko do Lnuziin ; tho lively and imprcssihlo
"M. dc Tilly; tho bravo Comtft Willtrtra ond Comte Chris-
tiau de Deux-Ponts ; the no lews bnivu Viconite dc Itocbnm*
Iionu, Vicomte de Xouilles, Comle de Ptiinns, hhiI Comto de
St^giir ; the observing Dlancbard ; the act'cmplished Chcvnlicr
de ChaHtellux; the Chevalier de Lumcth, and llie Conite de
Ciistine. These enlivened every scene in whicli they partici-
pated. No wonder (hat their resistless nia^Detlstu was felt

/

^%^

by the gentler sex, nor that frieadshipa strong, tender and
enduring were in many instances fomied.

ifiiny of these officers were noblemen of high distinction,
and all of them were marked by thorough training in their
profession. Their euUnre was such tis belonged to the class of
society which they represented, and their manners were at
once rcfinad nnd fuacinating. Karoly bus an army of six thou-
sand men presented so brilliant an assemblngo of officers as
was then to be seen in Newport. In points of etirjuette and

OUR rREKCR ALLIES.

227

in grace of person they left nothing to be desired, and by the
hcurtinesfi wilb which tbey entered into the giiyeties of society
they gave a new and delightful impulse to the social life of
the town.

The Boctal pleasures appear to have been cordially encour-
aged by the Comma nder-in-Chief of the Fi-ench allies ; aud
to provide for his own convenience in fpviiiji receptions, no
lc«8 thfin to gratify ihe votaries of Terjiaichoro, he caused a
building with a lai-gc assembly room to be erected on the
grounds of the Vernon mansion. Here courtly hospitalities
were freely dispensed, and within the attnictive walls was
often to bo seen a joyous mingling of ofticcrb in gay uni-
forms and of Indies in rich toilets.

Although evidently annoyed by the erection of this build-
ing upon bis grounds without bi.')ng consultedr Mr. Vernon
made no chai^ for the use of his mansion. A receipted
bill preserved in the private collection of James E. Muurun,
Esq., of Newport, nms as follows :

"llts Most CiinisriAN Majrsty.

"To W. Vp.R>f05r, Dh.

*' ITW. To dnmaiin sndtnJnifd In !il» bonso al Newport, H. L,
occtipli.'tl by Hl» Excellency Geu'I Kochambenu. vlx.,
Fluors. Waiiiacot, HauglitCH, Paint, Wlndowi,
Wiillfi, MarOle lIpartliH, am) la tlw Hoan iDd
Itiiiliting thron;[hout: T9 be nude good by tlio
promise of Mr. c;arnc« by agreement, <50 dolUrs,
vulijc In I.. M. -

To ODc yetr's rent of ■nine.

£1S£ 0 0
000 0 0

Errors etccptcd, Ltwmi Mouey,
Boston, IS December, 1783.

£IU 0 0

" W«. Vkhno;*."

On (be back of the paper is the following reecipc :

" Rrcvlvcd Uie Rill eoDskterailon or tbc above account by tbe or(l«r of

Bis Excellency Oenenl KochambeaQ.

" Wii. VaiisoH."

Mr. Mauiun tuts also in his collection two flagons used In
the Vernon mansion during iU occupancy by Count de
R<tchanilM'nu.

22ft

RTTODE ISLANT5 IN' THE BETOI.UTroy.

WiUiam Vernon, son of Samuel, atid ){rnm])ton of Danlfl. llie Hrst corner
to llilti couiiLry utiuut tin- rt-nr ICBC, was Ijoni in Nrwiwrt, January 17,
1719, and bpciime one of the most dlsUn^iulf^iicd niercliaut« of that town.
Hlfi trade exiruiltil to all tbc uiafltliiiu iiuiIod^ of Euro[>e, to the West
IntlicTiiiiKltoArrira. ] to was an eminent Whig, uiul curly i.-s()ou»c*l the eautto
of freedom. lltHi>xteii»lT«a(NiURliit«nceTTilh marine nITiiln enahledhlm to
Impart vnluabic counsel to C-ongrcss. In 1777, that body i-loclcd tiim one
of tlie Contliu'iglnl Navy UctHril, uT which he was made PresUknt, — on
cilltrc* liflit ty hill) until Ihu board wils dissolveO- lUs dutlm recgnircJ hl«
coustaut preseuce la Botilon, where he resLdetl for a couiildcrnble tliav.
In common u-Uh all the Whlsf of Rhode Ishiiii.1, he looked with iiDxIoua
lnU.'rc»t for the cominj; of ih*.- Fruneh alllefl. On learning of Ihdr arrival
At Newport. Mr. Vernon Rrttlrcssert the following nnt« to Admtnil DeTer-
Diiy :

'• Mr. Vernon pre»onl« hl» reHpeclful coni|>llnii>iil!( to Mr. De Ternny,
nml felicitates tiiin on Llie arrival of Hie Mont Chriiitiiin Majesty 'a duel and
nniiy at Hhodo Ibhiiiil. hopes the troops are heiilttiy and tvlll »ood couper-
■tti wllb lho*e of the United Slsti-s. in reducing our common enemy lo ■
jnit. sense of their nnreasunnblc, ambitious nnd opprewtlve views.

" 'fill- ljear(-r, Mr. Vernon's .tun, will tii; hnppy in hiiving IL lu hl.n powfif
of rendering Mr. Do Tern.iy. or any of M* connection, every servScc po»-
nlhle that Mr. will Hli<nlO-.

"BtiSTON, I7th July, ITSO."

With Connt de KochatnlieftU nnd his son, wllti the Vlscouut do Nuaillcii.
and with other principal olTlecra of the French army and nnvy, enduring
fHeniUhip-'* were rirmml. During the war Hie tosses of Mr. Vernon were
heavy, nud were calmly born«. Of those ho says :

" Mttnimon Is no idol of mino. If we eittnblish onr rtKhts and IU>ertlcs
upon a Arm and hiAtlng basis, ou the winding up of tbis lil«o<ly contest, I
am tiontent; ullhoiigh 1 own, if t couUI come At the property our cnenilea
arc possessed of helonglug to me. It would lncrca.-i« the pleasure. I do
Hssnrc yon it is no Ims a sum than twelve tlionsand ponnds. sterling, at
least, besicl<rs my real esLstc at Newport ; yet I can with triitli say, il never
broke iny rest a nmineut,"

Mr. Vwnon nnl only nave his servicea nx President of the Nary Board
gratuitously, but he ndvnncvd large anms to the government that »-er« only
lu part repaid. l>urlnB Uie French war, Ln 17&8. Mr. Vernon lost seven
ve»Mc[s ijy capture; and In 1775. fiir Juincs Waltnce seized his brlii. the

OUR HIKKCH ALI*IBB.

■• Rofal CIiHrlotte," wblte »li« vns In the harbor of Newport, took lier
rouiiJ to Uo<>tuu, nml coullncated ber c»rgo. After the ctose of tlw war,
Mr. Vernon coiitUiacd to vngagu l" cninmerclal cnlcrpriscs. ilc look an
acllre part In ciHahUKlifiiit a" Insurance oOJcc in Newport. He was one of
th« roonders of tlic Newport Hunk, uiiJ of the Newport Arllllerjr com-
panj. A» a member of the Secoml ronffregntJoniil Society, miU a liberal
cootrlbulor Ut lU KiippoM, the pnator. the Kev. Ur. SIIIcb, fouiiO In him a
valoahle co-laborer. A» a frien.! to education, especially In lt« clnsslcol
depnrtinenUt, lio cxcrtetl himself to proniots the proitpcrity of ITlncclon
Collese.

i u"'"ffl

'? Ji

■m

^i^

11
■J

Vrrxox Maxmux, Koi iUMaii:At*» tjrAKTUui.

Mr. Vernon married .Iiidltli, duii^htcr of riiUlp ITarn-ood, oni] jtrand*
tlanj;htcr of GuTLTnor Waller Clurke nod Goveruor John Cranston, of
Hhoale Inliiml. Ily he r hi: iLitt thrro Non«- i^inniiel, burn May :^9, 1757;
Wlinmn, bom March fl, 1750; iiikI Philip Ilarwood. born April 3, ITCI.and
died AusuflSt!. t;C3.

Mr. Vernon vcx^t a man of coinniandlnj; presence and ofcoortly tnannert.
He (llled honorably a wide spaee In public and private llfr, and died
revered, December SS. I80C, IinvInK attained ihe age of nearly 81 years,
nis wllbdlcd Aiigudt -i^, i:i;2, nemi Lhlrly-elfffal yearn.

Bninuel Vernon, ihn eUk-xt «on, msrrietl Kllznbctli .limy. tUiu^hter of
rhrlstopher and Mary (Venmn) Kllcn-. Ilr t>crfln>e an emh>i>nt merchant
In Newport. ami riiii;!hl Mil volniite<T noiler (ienernl Sullivan nl ibebattW
of Rhode Ulnut). He was the (Either nf Leu children.

William Vernmi, the necoud son, died (inmarrled, lu 1M3. lie vrta cdn-
v«t«1 at Prtiiccton CoUege. He wax n man of courtly inanocrs and of fine

230

nnODE IST>AND ra the HEVOMITION.

le^tbcllc tastM. Pot monjr jetn be wis Setrctur? of the Kcdwnod
Librarjr 111 Nfwporl, lie pasoi'il (:oiii>Uk'iiil)l<? lime in Pari*, noil wn» A
coiiHtnrit fiTid fnvored gacsl ut the court circles oT LouU XVI. WKlla In
I'lirls, lie mnilG n vaUntblc collection ot dCiy-twa oil paLutlugs. His man-
ners were so complutdy French UiiU one dny. during the "rclKO of ter-
ror," he ivoolrt have hcpii linnze^ liy a frenzied mob had he not l»vii rcc-
o;;nlzed lij a Frciichmon wlio knew 1dm, atid who osstiired It that ho vt&a
an American by birth and cltiwoshlp.

A BeneuLojjy of Ihu N(*nport Vi-riiiioK, prcpantl by Harrison EII«ry,
Em|., of B'l'^ton. w«s published In the NewKtiKliiad HUloricalnnO Oenoa-
Inglenl Reglsttr fur July. 1879. This lias been repiiblliilicd In "Kliode
Maiid ilLHlurlctil Tnict;*, Ko. 17." lt<s\. Otic only of the Vernon niiiilty Is
known to have been a "I^ynllst." vli:., 'Ihoinas. a nephew of WllUum.
)Ie was lloyal PoMniastcr at Newport from I7i^ to ITi2, ntid fur twenty
ypnm held tlie olllee of Kealstmr of the Court of Vice Admiralty. U1s
private cliarnctcr wtis pure, but hl» pollliciil ofllllaiioiiii wvre OfnUiat hliu.
Be was banlHlird from Newport by act of the Generul AsiH^mbly, but after
an nh^tiiL'e of about four months, wax permitted to return. An Intvrestlns
diary kept l>y Mr. Vernon dnrin^ bii* biLiiUhniei)it makes the body of
" Hliode Inland Trncts, No, 13 "• Broken in fortuno, Mr. Vernon died
without Usue, May 1, 1781, lu the sixty-slxtli year of Ills opi;. Ills tlrsl
wife. Jam:, dauslLter of John Brown, nierctiaiit of Newport, died April 36,
17(iS. His Hccond wife, Mni7 (llnrclinj Menrit, dictl In Anfiuat, 17117.

.Samuel Vnrnon, son of Wllliiim, mnrried Miss Betsey Kllory, Of her,
this IneiilcDt is related: " During the gay Fi-encIiraen'soccnpatlonofNew-
port, a KHllant yotiii^ Krench Snrgeon paid MIm EUery polite attentions.
Soon arter her marrUjje, In ITdl, she recelced from Paris an envelope
oddre.<»ed to her In the hnud-wrltiu^ of the young ofllcer, but contaluins
only two leaves, a withered one and an overBrecn."

Tlic Arms boriK? by the Vernon fiimlly In Aitierka corrctpond with those
of the noble family of Vernon In Kng:l.ind, vii:. : Ur on a fcase at. three
garbx of the Held. Crest, A denil ('pri.> .MTrontrc ppr. vested vert hold-
ing tlirc'o ciirs of wheat over her left ahoiililer or. and In her right hand a
sickle ppr,, handle or. Tliesi* Arms nre necurded by Burk« to represeuta-
tlres of Kluliard de Vernon, who accompanied William, the Conqueror, to
Et];iland, and who v/as created by Hugh Lupitt baron of Shlpbrook, county
of Chester, t

At'coiding lu Mr. Ellcrj*, the V'emon ffliiuly
"iaone of our fow fumilies wlio have alwnys
lieen (iI)Il' to tnioe the use of coat itrnior to tlieir
Knglifib ancestors." The Amis herewilh given

• »(i»Bl«o"RnmliilMMic« of Tliomu Vemon. ui Ainecicau Lciya]lfl.'"l>j' Tlioiiiat V«r-
BOD, AltsmcT Bl Lftir. Nrn Voric, tiBO.
I EIlvTj't %'criioti KbiiiI1>.

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

231

arc copied from an imprcseiioii of a seal ring becjticatlied to
Daniel V«moii, of North Kin^town, hy \\h hrotbor Samiiol,
of Ijondon. For the (ise of this engraving and for other
HL'Coptablu favors, I am under Gbligaliuas tu Thomas Ver-
non, Esq., of New York.

The news of the French alliance was received with great
dulight b}' Mr. Vernon. Writing to Ur. Fninkliu, describ-
ing the [os.^ of ftcreral American vessels, He adds :

"Am ire nat, d»r air, compoosntocl lu llioso losses by tbc glorious tm-
tlM of Dlllanro, nf amily (ind cnitimirrce. wtitch were cxt-rutcd on the Gth
of Ftb'y IttstsL Paris, aud UDanlniotiNly niUflcd hy Congress mi tlx; 4Lh
litAt.?* I itiiuk, sir, tlivy nrv iija);iiuu<iiiouif, TutiiKkd tn our Imclcpewjencc,
vqunlity aud rcclfiraclty, upon wtjlcli I most uiDcvrcly <:ou(fmtulitlo yuu
UK) our nppreascil coutiLry."

In December, 1778, William Venion, Jr., then just grad-
uated from Princeton College, sailed for France in the frig-
ale "Boston" in company with the Honorable John Adums.
He carried a letter of introduction from his father to Dr.
Franklin, in which ho Btiye :

" ir, upou rccullcctlon, It eliotilti occur m your iDlnil, that llils youth Is a
nrnmlMin of your old ncr|ualntance. 5. Vernon, Ksi]., ot Nunport,
(slllioUElti Acml forty ycArn.) it will ftilinncc ttic fVI(>n<Uhtp, and your
notlc« of Ibis youDg )icDilcman. I may prtsumc tMs vrittiout Hrrogance.
from yotir untrcrHal liciieficcncc ; Utrrvforc inu»t hope, wUtli ond pray, tliat
be hnth .ind will, ft'om time to time, rect^ive suc-h adiric« niiJ inMtrncLlona
fhiin his frleuds lu Frnucc, lis will »riinulnte lo vlrtu«, honor, kuonlcd^e,
aud uU U)o useful graces auU DccoDip1i»bDK-iiti« ueccc^nry to fttriii u niliid,
aud Ax such priaclplcs Un social life and public nHcfulueaa, as nlU be per-
manent."

In December, 1780, Count do Eochnmlwau visited Bos-
ton, and called at the lodgings of Mr. A'ernon to pay his
rcspccta, but the tatter being absent, the Count failed to ace
bim. Writing tu his &ou Suuiiiel at Nenport, he su,vts : "Yuu
will do well to make my excuse to the Genend.and at the same
time present my resjwctful oompliments." Of the Toties,
he eava :

•Mar

«VC>> W MM, %lktb htlw> OouAt !>C ^-vltAV^ to Owit ^sMBflMk I Utt T^niDklKiI

^^ iAvm «iv i«v4k vwiM-Tv*^ »1 >iifiiBtf>.>r«. iHM '^■^ %>fcr ^tytt 'JVcatKim of
uyJiXi^t/t/ m;«^A'> M4J;.-<lu\t.'

'Wts -^**t*i ■^•'i*". ^H* -^.*" -'Uwt. ".:-*»*• th> i-rrllltA; 't :'UttM xiiliitra, :1;
■4f- -.t^^ i.«Hiv ni<, -•^•- '\r*'f- «»" **r. wuu***! ^fu -«».*» *-'.: wnwa lUci

m>'.' Wiwai***^: ' ** ***■ *•**" "***• *- *^ n*t; -*»w »w»^ tv.\*^ AMiMi ,*.*r, m^U
lj^)i^»<ifjr. M it#::'-Mn^ >Mr< m. »Ht<i ««: imt«n< «:*- ^rritut. :: vrrMi I:
'W«>«i4f.-'«^frac ** >: cor' «<rMt. TliH-^nvM, >M> TMU; iKtcrMllh. !»«.

JAWr)'.t^i-ViM*if»^' »Hi.. ir.«.--u»..v*l.-rt': n. w»^-M*«fv. trt- te-.trt«.-<4- ~tii>:nlUier

"St't^ii*, ^,- >f*xU rtr, OS tnili i ^r.i- lo»s.('.. I; ^■jIIl:. i^vr;

\pi, '•!^ii^r#»ov.*;n«Mi -ft ^fff- ?.' ' ■■j-.jnisivi'. •■> \. I Jj.Ti.'ia?> trii

:^?l*(iU\'WW*'K«'**>5l;i');h.cti.4iavv, •.lir.iviiin'.i.itVif'JOT.-l ' '■' "(ifr-

OUR FRKNCH ALLtRS.

2M

siintiiinclctl by trees. The (MtinincmeHt Bn< jiwiriiia, iicnr
treoa and chcny trees." ITe and liis companions lived on
fjood terms willi the |KK)pIr of Jhe nei^rhlHirhowl. Tbey
were iiffiihle, well rliul, clciinly and t»ll. 'J'hc woTiicn enjoyed
the Mm© advantagCii, had fair skins, and were genorally
l>n,'tty. The hovines were as hnndsomc as those of Poitou,
Hiid the cows, though not stabled at night, were free milkers.
The needs of tlie sirk IJouHjoiinHin in Boston were not
overlooked, and Conimissarv lilnin-hiinl was diroHcd to visit
them and set in order the ho&pitnl thai had l>een hastily pro-
vided lor their use. Ho made this journey on hoi^elwick,
Bccompiinied by ft Hessian drugoon, who had been in the
British service. Bhinchard was thon unacqiminted with
English, but hoth he and his servant spoke Lntin^ and as
the latter also spoke English, he made a very iisefnl inter-
preter with the peojde of the eountry on their jonnicv. At
Providetiee the Commissary dined with Mr. ]>>on. a FriMieh
mcn-lmnt, who gave him a letter of introduction to M.
Adolph, his Ilostnn partner. His horse being tired, a small
carriage was ]>rovided for him, and the journey was <*on-
tinued. Passing the night nt an inn about fifteen miles from
Itostun, he airived in that town the next morning nt nine
(•'clock. He say* :

" I got down It M. Adolph'a, who received roe very well nod oflfcred nw
a room, nlilcti [ nccrptrO. t had inyitt-lf tnkrn linmc<]inU-ly m tlic lioiise
of Mr. Botvdoln,* th« president oT the Bmiioii coinmUtve, to whom I
handed M. de Kocbauibvuu'a Iclter atiO imoilicr which bud been eutrasiml
to me by M. DoCurny, who wns ao^uihiled wlih bint nnd hitd bvvu very
Intimate with him when he was In Do«U>n. I had a Frenchman with iiic,
an an Interpreter, railed the Chevalier dc Lux, who calk-d hlD)!)«'tr nn olll-
ei?r. Mr. Bowdoln caused the committee to 1>«! ««»emblwl, agrvcaWy to
Ihe Gi'imral's k'ltor; wkI In the cvenlnn ho sent id« «ii answer wliidi I
litiiocdlaldy forwarded to M. dti Rodiniuhcuu ; It was ftrorable. aud ocdvrt
had been given Tor Ihc inlltlin to ropalr tmtnodint«ty lo Kbodc Islaml. Oil
the S8tb 1 aaw Mr. Ilowdoln again. In company with M. de Cflpt.-lll«, who
had arrived. He Inrltcd ua to eomc In the evening lo take t^a nt hLi hnoiu*.
We went there ; the tea waa aerved by hia daughter, Mrs. Temple, ii beou-

ao

■iSpi-ll Hrlil'lnli) III thcnrlRlliBl.

234

RnOKR ISLAM) IN THK KKVOl.UTION.

tlfbl irumaii. wIiohc htiKtiantl wah a Tory, Uiat in lo »ay, appostfid to the

Revoliilton; lie had ovon It-a Aiinricn nml ko'ip I" EnKlaml. Mr. Bow.
(lolii \\im a very liikndsoruc boUM>; be U n woilthj niiin, au<l ix'Kiit^cluil In
bis country ; he is dfi^cniiilril fVom n FruncU re(ViBce .mil bis nninc pro-
clainiN It, He rx'cplved us polltclj', nnd hiid n very nohW buirloj;. I
ought not. to rorst-l \hM lie itdd mv tbnt 1 rcscmhlod Krunlilln when be
was yovnjt. On tlio saitic day we went lo Mr. Ilnncoi-k's l)ui he was hIcIc
Will wc were not able to »v« lilm. Thijt Mr. Hancocli* U one of the
aalbora or th« Revolution, lut also is tbi^ doctor witb ivbnin we brcak-
fkitted on the 2i)th: be in a tu[ii)NU>r who necined to me to be n inan of
iDteUlgence, Hoi|iient and entbuNlastlct He lias raucb Inllucnce over the
Inhabitants oT Bostou. who arc devont and Pr«8byi«rliin», imbued, gener-
ally, wilti the prinei^k'.t o( Crdin^'eirs piirtfttHtiA, ffum whom they are
descended. Tborerorc, they are more flttnehed to Imlependfncc than any
other class of people in America; and (t was Uiey who begau the Kevo-
lutloa.

" Dnrli)j{ my nlny Id Boston, I dhied at the house or a jouur American
lady, where M. de CajielltK ludjccit. At Newport we bad aeeu her sbter
and bar brother-in-law, Mr. Carter, an AiisCu-ARicricnn, who had come to
Hiipply provktlODK to our amy. Il i.i a great coiilrnsl to our manners to
see A yonns lady (sho was Iwonty. nt the most) lodgLuj; ind entertaining
a youn^ man. t thnll certiiinly bsve occnaion to explain tbc causcti of this
singularity,

"The city of Boston aeennMl lo me as large as OrleaiiB, not so broad,
periiaps, but longer. It iii. Ukvwise, well built, and displays an Indescrib-
able cleanllnesa which Is pluaAln^; moat at the bouses arc of wood; some
ore of stone and brick. The people seemed t« be In <».ty circumstances.
Nevertheless the shops were poorly stocked with goods, and everything
was very dear, which ri^sultiMl Troiii tine \v«r. Tlii'Ir bookstores hart hartlly
anything but prayer booki;: an Kngli>ih and Fn-nch dictionary cost me
elRht tools d'or. I saw ou the slijns oflno shops tiie unnie of Blancbard,
wrttleu like iiiy own, oiiu Caleb Bluiiehanl, the other John.

"In general we were verj' well received by the RostonUtis, we exhibited
macb iDtercst In thom and made ihem undert^tnnd huw much the Kinfc Telt
for lliem ; wc mentioned a .ip^ech n( htx to ihem. on thU subjeet; he said
to the Count of Bochnmbeuu, who was taking leave of bini that he rec-
ommended the American!! to him, adding. 'These are my real nlllM';
which, d<niblU-«s, meant that It wan 1.«>hIb XVI. IduiJieir who had made A
treaty of ullUiui:c with I hem. wliUet the treaties with Dlbcriillieif dalwl from
previous relsus. Ouslit I to mention that M. dc VolnalB. tlio Coiisnl of
France, faaviut; taken tue In hb coach alunif with M. de Capcllln, over-
turned u» at the comer of a nloplng strcot? It waa u very high and open
rnrrlflge, a kind nf whisky, so that we were thrown upon the pavement,
and to a considerable dUianco. Fortunately we were not In the least hwrt,

t^poU Auciiubi- lu fli« otIkEubI.

|TIh' Km. Dr.t'iMKr.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

sas

«x<;«|ititig the Conaol, wbo Ml upon a nouud irhtch h« lind received a
short tim« before, nbilat Ofditluif ntlui.-) with miotlier FrencliDiBn; fur Ii«
wu a tnuislaycr, my ftte tidag to nicot them cTcryvrhtrc. This one wiw
a good rellow, bnt not very well artiiptMl Tor the pnat which be Illlcd.

" M. de CApdIid iiid I k-n Boston on the SOUi IJalj] nnd .ilept at I'roT-
Idcnce, which in itUUut Ibrty-llve tiilleit, that hi to any. about flnecn
leagues. The riMti i» plcaiuitit, wc patseil through itume woods, where
there an some pretty hmidHOtoc o»k». They appeared U» me to tws or a
different spvclvsi fVotn oari); their tear Ik Ur^jbr and tb« hark Is not «u
einoolh. Wc And alfto some pretty handsome rltlngw, atid.iu) It was Sun-
day, we coRtiniiaJly met people who were going to the temple or rcturMlnj^
flrom it, most or them in ll^ht carrlaKcs, drawn by a aingle horac. Thero
are hvt luliabllaitliK In tliix part or thr iroimtry v(\m do uol own one, Tor,
without belnt; rich, they are In easy clrcumHtances. Thi;y cultivate tb«
Nirtli themflclvr,-*, with the help of some negroes; bnt thl^!<e eatatee beton;:
to them ami ihcy are owners. We also met aontc provincial AoMlera,
who. Ui nliedl4-nrc to tlic order* thnt the IkinCon committee bad sent to
Itieni, were repairing In crowds to Newport, where. In Icm than three
days, there would have b««n more thnn four thousand of them, it there
liad not been u. coiiiiCcrmitiiO, upon the iu(^nuatlou which we received thai
ws would not be attacked.

"On the Slat [July] we started fbr Newport, wherv we arrived on the
flame day. Thera wen t«ii good leases and a rfcrry aometlmes dlOlcuU to
cross."

Fuel was a prime iiectl of th« Krciicli :irniir", nnd At.
BInnc'hnrd applied himself industriously (o proetirc it. At
Fftwtuxet he ptirthnscd of a Mr. Harris b lurire qtianlity of
6taiidin<^ wotiil, nnd svi titty soldiers to eiittiitg and cording
it. This was tiaiispurted to tho scAbonrd, where vessels of
the 8(]Uitdi-on li»d come to receive it.* Iii this viUago he
made the acqiiaintjinf^e of M. Pierre DotivjIIe, a C'anadi^^l,
andaLieutfuaut ia the Ameriran navy, willi whom he dined.
He had been under D't^taiiig, and had also been employed by
M. De Temay. *' He was of great osc to mc," mys Hhinch-
ard, " for Uie wood <:uttiiig which was etitmsted to me." t

■It aMauaUil tu %«M> ranlf.

t tJoutviiatil Ihwria*' niAtiltil *ikI m-II1«iI ia rawluiH. wticrv hn w»* IwM la niMli «•-
tMIB. Il« df4<l o< W'Uiuli nm'linl lu n trri-rr Bavnl cligitKvuitnl In JiWC KM. UU
iDHialBtWDiwlMorTril >■ air Wtn lliin loC '■>'"<"•*. Olid wtrrnllcnrnnbrxhitmnlaail rrln-
taffBdtNMwin I'oinf CemrlrT?. Ttii* gmt I* uiarkrJ l>] u triaairut'i'' |iyrafliMal HMBU-
nteai uf whit* marlrfi'. bntrias llw (ullifwlag iii>ciI|HIuu :

236

BBOPE ISLAND IN THB REVOLDTION.

Slioidv lifter, he writes :

'• I dlued at Prorldence with Dr. Bowen, n pliyslclnn, und a respectable

nitl iiiati. rif sniil grnci! liefari' sltilng down to Mhle; he awmed belov*
And respected liy liin numerous rainily, aitd ttiiil llic sl^lc and manners of a*
[Mtriiirvk,* I a)mt (lilted rr«(|ii«ull)r ttt Lbe liouse of Mr. Itonker, a incr-
chant born Id Eu^laod, but far a long ilmo wttlod lii Atucrtcii."

•rMltorii 111 CM]«d&,*«uI]]cet uf llir Klag iif t'raiKW. Mv *v(llrd ta I'mrttlmr* u ■ wm^
«li«nr. JuHlnrwcdMk Lkuli^UBi in the AiutriOkH X«vr durinsiEie WarorimlrpMKloDw;
Hllrr whficli tj4! <nii rrdkll-nl hj tili King, and nppuiuml lo llie cdmaiiLiiil vt tlir French
■lilp-uI-llii.'-liiiFL'lmp^Iii>:iu:.wl]lclibc dcfpndcil In tli«<1v*^nitcbatllcl>ctiTtvii Ibi? li'nrnalLj
iiiut KiiglUli fir.ti <itr I ■limit, on tlir HrH at .hinc, .V. I). IT^H, until Mi Ittat iJuU WM tlu

■w«7, «ni1 until liv lind rrct'lvt-d clKtit««u woundit. of ^lilch b« iLlcd: thiM ck>»liij[ >n uas
iipoltTilllJv nliirli UbiI Im-n bmrif ai»1 mD^lnli-iill/ 9)irnt In the M-rrlw of bh Mlopl«4i
uf Jll» 0«ll<<^ cuiiiitry.

"I'lrrhit Iwi'Viu-B

htiMBiWMtamtii M'A/irlck, tM.,.Tiiiie tu. A. 1>. I^i); Hv4»X Ap«1«cfalcol^not.u, .V. 1).

tKlA, lMi*1n]| • bnlaTMl vriri< ami lUitjililtr, ul ^^eannali, \n Ihx .■'ta.lr <if <ii-nrKla. whvn; Iw

r»Mt4tlMliMM'mi7«ariDr ItUllfc, wli«lMLrcvr«cl«(IUiU ihoduiucdI Id Uio y«ar IMl."

A porlniil of rinm Itnuvtilr, tlic' Hdrri U tn tlic gatttry at jialntliis* In Brawn [lalTcri.

Mttr

»Iiiihi)MIuvnt]»;niuK('«inc1«-]r w r^wtuekcl, tbcn! Ii ■ Knnr<*l"nc liuerib«<l u fiit]

'Snnrnllu tlic iiii-iiiurr of I tijil. ,]iihii (if-arKf CutImi, who illod August Mttb, UcH, InUia
nluMf -Ant )>mr of lil> ngf.

• Hf ei«M>-.l llip tngUif ocraii.
Till* •viuiitr)! lor I'll **vr,

''i'liar' Krauts iliat eiivr liim bli'ili,
And Atiirrini n ^-raii'.'

"4'apula furlpn w*a«MtMWi In ilir iti>nlo>- of (xmU \VI.,Wtng iwarlj' Aftf ■"•(■ ul<I
wlicn stir olilM blroniRkKl CB ItiP UUI niiir NurLti *trvi-i. A« tnlcltt b« txiKilm], ilnlr
litonFucr FKcilL-il much curUnHlf niuong thtr iiFU|ilr. whI IIlu ouvlroDa of the cnmp wrte via-
Itpil bf inaujr,

"Amunit llioif vJillori nai a ywuii^ ladT wlUi \tli«KC Hiarin* tlir IkiIiI cap'ain bocftliM:^
«niillri), mill lo wliom lir proin-n^l lili hainl tbi actvpliiiMv, wlilrh nil' ni>i li-hitnl. Bb
■Unit wlli'ii tu hia nlil coinriiilr-* In nriiit on ilictr iIiiMtriurv for ntbtr llvldd af Klorr, he ami '
lilo ni-w oiiii>|Hiniiin in iu-iii» m-III(iI in t'ctnlucki-t, wIifti: lie Uictl lo lliv aJiitncrd aceiMlMl
nbovo.

" .'^rri-rHl ilrKviKluulM of tlie l-'«|ilaln nrc ;ct Itvinf In I'aiviitckcl andTklQly.**— "X&"

(h /'rr«i"Wrii« Jtiiimiil.

In Suntti SctIiiiiiIi- tti.- j;riiin of Iwo trviii,')) nj|*lli-r» iua> be »ccu. 'llii'y (Lekencd awl
died Wlillr OD Ilie niiiri'li llinruxli ibiit liiwii.

■I)r. K|ilirahii IlnnMi. xiii cif TliamaJL Itnwrii, » :i- I i )ii KcliuboCIi, lilnu ,(>cI<Am 3,

oW «i«li*, I'lii, and h-uni ilic afc'v nlntnt' yrnr- In 'I in I'r.'^lilnictwith tilnniiclc, Ur.Jabca
BnwpLi. ulllinlioni \\r ituillnl mtdlrim' l)<' ilh-l iiL-ioU-r il, kV:, a|>r>l ninMy-tix y«at*.J
llij ilwrltinK tiiiDtp iiuful an Till- t|»i nijiiv uit'iiiiii-il tif ilui Franklin liuuni-. iVoiilinic Ha
kel iijiian:. lie wa« marricJ iniiv,— ilptt. (■i-bniarjt 11, ir.'K, In Mury^ t'tntiiT. dun; titar of '
llkuniai (niiirr. li^ i> l»iit> lir- liii.l fhn-v ildUln'M. tlj. : Jubvr, O liter, and .Mary; noiiiil,
.Innc, 1". irtii. hi I.vdifl thiuni'v. .ImiKliti'r of r'ulmirl I'licr Jiuwmy. ot Yu.tl UtwnyrlnU,
U. I.. \ij whom Ii4' had U IJIiiiin. l|iir>, ^iiinli. l.rdln, h|i1ir3lnr. Ihiijuiiidi. INmlon. IlvlliK-
iiilii, '.M. Nniir)', ELcIm.';, and Fraiieca. Aa a (ilijalHua Iw wu fininrnttt aklUnil MUl

OVK PRKNCll AI.LIKR.

937

In i*onipany with M. t{»:ike, h Captain in IIm; regiment of
Rovnl-Pciix-Pont^ nnd ihe Cli:)ptiiiii of the Hospitiit, ho rode
to Coventry to j)iiy bin respects to Mrs. Geupnit Nathiinael
(ti'eeiie, witb wbom he became acquainted iu Newport. Ha
says:

" Mm. Greene recelreil na ver}r kliidly. She I« amiable, g«nteel. nod
rath«r prcttj-. As thdrc wfts no hntul in Iter lionse. Home wa» hiuiUtx
»iad«-; it nras of meal and w«t«r mixed toffeth^r; vrliicli niut then tonatetl
Kl the lire;* aiiiull t>1icr8 of It were Hvrvtti u|i to ua. It Ia not much far a
Freiivhniim. .... Bosldcs, tbv ttinnvr wiw ion^; wu n-iniiliivil to

sleep there Anatber country- Uouse Is pretty Dear, tnbabtted

hy two liult«ii, wbo compose all lli« society ibat Mrs. Grcrnc haa; In the
evening sbc iDvUcd tbcin to Iicr boiiHt, nnd wc daticed. t wo^ in boota
au<l rather tired; In-siiiies llic KtixliKli dRn»-a iirv coin^tlicHti-d, «o that I
acqultti-d foytwlf badly- Bui Clie»« Indies were coinplalimiH,"

Whilo the Krcneb ullios ntmainod in Khodn Island, Com-
inisaary Blanchnrd nppenrs to have been vory netivo in the
diacliai-ge of his dutieif. Soctnlly. hiit spare hours were
paBsed pleasantly. BuHiness called him (Veijuently to Provi-
dence, where be wna always hospitably received and enter-
tained.

THE KINu'ri BIKTUDAV.

On Wednesday, the i'M of August, the birlb-day of the
French King was eelelimled at. Newi>ort. Tbo ships of war

bamuie; juapAlrliM aniIiiitaUMiiMt.lnlrtf td nndciirrMt In prinelidi-snd tnrrllurlau* In
praclkw. i>T. Uowi'ii *nu prumtnrui in Iqkii aJlkIr>, >uil Aom irM Id IT'JO, nu a Tmilo*
of Hrq^ii I'nl'crilir- A*> pnwlliloiirr. hit lirld ii r<in*in*xt rank wllh Iti<» moat vntltwnl
ph^toiMM of ilio rotate. l\v «a* jKitro li> >iiii.]>italllj . ami illpil aa lie had ]iv«rJ, a devmil
■■d MHitblMit Clirtitlaii.

Twoof Dr. lllibralm UoWcii's Boni. ^VillUiii and I'arJuii, entered llietncdlMl profeMlon
■ad became JblingaUiad practlilourrs. tir. Wllllaiu Ilo<r»n <ra* a (paduala at Tal« Col.
tatr. IIU||(nUiDtaiuwIiiHillTiuRi]o liim aiT«lc«nit TUIforia lb« ikfcrDOn. BUdKai
«■■ Ihsl of a |i>nllrriiiin ot llii- ulil ■clioiil. tl« illril In IKU. agad olgfalj-Rlx jvmn. Vw.
I'airitciii Howell wnx a icnuluaKr uf ItrttWD t'lilvmltf. Jd l<;vi>e wMa fdrKMa oa boatda
privaiMr. la wlilt-li hv wiu .^itiiipil and carried lutij Itallflia, wlwrc !■««»■ ImpfUootd Rir

apten ■■uiilli,, nilTcriii|; gtml prion! iaui. Itn bring esrfuui|tnl| fat- >Kalu cngaf|Fd In thr
priratvcr tpnltp. .\nvr MtlUlnt; lii UU pr<jftaiJ»n Iu rrovIOcncv, lie trained an (Xlcatlt
pr*cikE. Km ii-ii-H jtmi \ur ma! Prrtidriil oflltr llliinlr Kloiid Jlr-Jliiil .Sxk-lr- lie ira*
UkewliN- a tVllaw at ilw .\iiiiiri«iii .\nlli|uaflaii >ii>r)('(y, aoil a Triitlti- uf Itrvwn VhItW-
*llf. Ili'illfil, unhrnitltr h.'loTt^. xciobct ^ i'*A, ujrrd ittklr-nliic jran.
*.\tt iild ^hloiii-il " .liitmiiiT'iMikr."

238

KHODK ISLAND IN THE EEVOLUTION.

in the Imrhor were omaniontcd l»y a displjiy of tho colors ol*
the diflercnt mnrilime power;, und fired ti ^nlute ou the occa-
sion. Ttie FrcncL Imnsport-s wei-e also decorated with col-
ors, and tii*ed a »alute iu Itouui* of the day.

On TburatUy, ii general review of the French army in Uint
town took p]iu'o, preceded by alternate discharges of cannon
frtmi the land batteries, an J fr*)m the Ueet.anJ hy a fff-th-ytif
fi"oni the troo|xs. The Providence (ijizelJc of the tbllowinjt
Saturday {36th) sajrs : "Nothing could exceed tho tine appoar-
uuce of the forces of our illuslrious ally, which, joined to tho
universal satisfaction that was difTusicd through a great eon-
course of spectators, we hope will prove n happy presage of
their futuro success." The (iiizotto of October llth states
that ou Saturday, tho 7lh. "A mock battle was fought on
Khode Island between a delaehmcnt of His Most Christian
Majesty's troops and Colonel Greene's continental regiment,
which atlbrded luuck satisfaclion to the spectators."

TKAVKL8 OF OPPICEltM.

While unemployed at Newport, the Chevalier dc Chastcl-
lux, the Comte de Ctietiuo, the Couite de Deux-Ponts, the
Marquis dc Laval-Monlmorenci, the Comie de Viomcsuil, the
Vicomto de Mesmes, and several other officers, improved all
opportunities to make excursions into the interior of the
country, to aequaint themselves with ita contour, material
resources, and the cbaract eristics of the itdiabltants. The
Chevalier de Cliastelhix visited ^Vashingtou at his rjuartcrs
in New Jersey, bearing a letter of introduction from Dr.
Franklin. With his guest the (icncrnl was much pleased,
and in writing to Fniiiklin, he said : " I thank you fur l)rlng-
ing me aci{uainled wttli » gentleman of his merit, kctov^ ledge
and agi-eeable manners.*' The pleasure of this interview
was equally enjoyed by the Chevalier, who, in liis "New
Travels Thn>ugli America," dmws a glowing pictuiv of the
impressive personal appeiimuce of \Vushingtou, and of his

Om FRKSCII ALLIES.

sa»

prvviainent ijiiulitius a» "tUu ttuul luid Uiu Hip|Kti-t of one of
the greatest Revolutions that have evor happpncd, or can
happen nffn'm."

At I'hiliulelphin the ('hovalicr vfus chosen un associate
memlier of the Amorican Aciideroy^ He conthmed his
ahaoncf' fi-om Ne\v|>oi-t until early in Januarj', 1781. MM.
Laval-Mnntninrenri and do (liistine returned from n long
.journey on the 2d of Fchruarj- foUowing. M. t>e(>»my
sailed for Fi-nnco early in the year. Blanchard says he was
"a man of intelligence, but intri;a;tiing and greedy," and sig-
nificantly add.'^ : ''Ills stay in America, short as it has been,
has not impaired his fortune."

Shortly after the return of \M. de Cnstine, Captain Lafor-
est, an officer in the regiment of Snintonge, killcil himself
in eonsoiiuencc of Un\-ing in \'ain demanded justice for lan-
guage addressed to him by the former. " This event, which
vrati known n moment before the panule, created groat
excitement there. M. de C'nstine was insniled there; and,
if it had not been fpr the presence of some superior ofticera,
woitte woidd have befallen him." •

ROrilUrBEAlJ VISITS PROVIDENTE.

ACCOMPAMKD PV OEPrTY-HOVEttNOH JABEZ BO WEN.— NOTS3
THE 84L;ESEBT AND DEFESCKS ALONG TUE SHORES OF THE
BAY ASI> KIVKB.— SKETCH OF MAJOR D-VNIEL LYMAN.— LET-
TER KltOM nETHTY-IU)VEnNOIl IIOWKN TO OENKKAL HKATH.
-ltO(:n,\MHEM:S FlUENIlSIIirs IN PitnVll)lCN(l-:.-T<lKENH
OF AFFKtTIOX ritESESTEl" BY BOCH.UJDEAr.-SKETCH OP
(iKNEKAL NATHAN SIILLEK.— SKETCH OF DEPUTY^ OVERNOR
WOWKN.

3|N the latter part of Angnst, General Rochamhean made
(^ his first visit to Pn>vidence. To the maj*ir portion of
(ho inli»bitanlj« of the town the advent of tJie distinguished

■ Wiuietiftnl.

'^->^:?*ywt^

Newport to the General nnrl to Admiral I>e Temay, accom-
paniod the former liy wnlfir !« I'rnvidoncc. In sailing np
the bay. the General did not fail to notice the quiet beauty
of itH shores; nor did ho nverloiik the military preeaution
thai Iwd erected defences adiptcd to hold in cheek or drive

OLK FKENCU AI.I.IKS. >11

l«ek any naval expedition of the eiuMiiy tlmt iiiij;lil "H' i'<('i
to reach the head of navi<ruiioii. and dcstruy ihv s)-i-<iiii| ■ "j-
ital of the State. That he wa.s frnitiHcd with wli«l h* shm
and with the reception that awaitt-d liiiit on hu'kH'H. "
requires no stretch of imairinatioii to Ik-Im-vc. I'«-|"('»-
Govemor Bowen thu> rt-jit»ri* the event 1<> (ieDci-iI it'-'tft,*
at Newport :

" Deab So. : — We irrivr^l i; iLN pltcf hj»lf-i«i«t ..iw .v,'»sc)r *(*«'i* » I'.w
passA^. <j^nerali j^-iUiTin. V.iniaTii wlrh » nnm^^'r .-f «<• jH''H<''.'>'t'. ji"!!-

■ rii- ^niuripai Atitif If-i jrap '>f < iciwrii Hmili v.c Mmjim- l*iiilrl I i .imit .r'»i fi- •f-ni
in Dorham. < odil. .Iaiiiiai7 jT. ir~'( Hi' vj* i-^itrA'iil ,(i \ il'- ' '>M'fr iii<l ^»li<iii--'l .ii
irra. imlilln^ -tv Ir^l .-anlt .la ;i .-|»iv>ii-:il .rliiitHr. I'.i-^ ;»ii-il\ ;•• /I'-Kliinllii-f. ii<*iiii- I 'i' .)!'-
ipirit or "he *iiiiM. :if, ,n '."."r. ^linnl :lif .•nnltm-iitnl iniii , itiil •»-i- .•>ntiiiii"|iiiii'it • n-" H"

aniltr' nlooH Bi>iiallrt Aruolil. Itf -ivik .i<iiii'Tiio « i»iiri iii -lii- i-^|tf>ir" ■< i l.'i.ii.|i'.".-,ii

< mwn L''))iu 'iml m. .liilin'-. .M nntnilvniea. < .ipfHlii !.■ I'inii |iri-<'>iinli' i-^'^ < >!•' ■*" ■"
1« Plscr. ;br ■■nmmuiiUnt. iitIwfmt. .mil itii-ivfil ui' -wur-l II >■ ■»>■'■■ iiifnii . -r.,!-,.' I ;.;
S«w Hwt^n. riif [iillDiTtntf ■■•■nr. .irtiT lrt»»lrt« -■nl1-u.- !i" » i- itpt-.m'.-l itr!jHil<' il 't'l" ^ ■
<i<iimJ FHIiiw*. wtm -DTnmiinili-tl 'lit> 'irlvailf ■>(■ i !■■'•■ >" '.••• >••' iIi-- ni'lm- n ■ !.■ "■

banli>->f Wliitp l*!aiiiH. :iin .inrsr -v^i'* -lii>r imli-i' 'im u -In- .|.)> it\<.-i l' :i f

*trrit» ^w n>nirn«l :igiun in .S>-wllii*i'n. ;iiiil <ffiiiiliii-<r 'hr in ■in- ■].(■<■■ ; -i '■■ -

h^ joinwl <'iilr)ni>t 1j**- r^alm'ir it ■ :iiiihr<.iin- hihI h-.'' ■.inii.iiiil >■ i-'u. 'i'.

Innvto 'ifipiiint :iU iiWTK'HIrf'rf , n ■li.' -itIh',' ■.'' .'.' ■ i.i- ',».miih' i ,.i. ,,,P,', ,i . . ■■. il
Uratli'') mlfrary !amili'. ,inil -li>- n-uin-f •■■nr •-■> itu^. ■<•■:) ••f>i>ii:>' <.',.! . .' i
Enatern Urparmifnt. \i,^ti •,<-^.-'^^ ii~t,ti. ,.-■.«.-.• .•nfi.^i. •! > j. ■ .<■■. n ; .

RlMkle [almwl. • olonH [.^Tiinit i<v-»tr.iii><i>.ri ' i"i ,. „i r, < j. <•

h* s«rriM IH;" >liirr "I'lm,.!. _rir..'..'-... rf:'-- " ■ ■ ' ■ ■■'• -. ■ ' .

rnl .11' -fip Kr^nr*. ■!•— ' ..!::■ . ■- ,- . ■., ■ ■ ■. - - ■ >■.

lOWHl <ii-Ri-nil -i^r'. -..

nf -ht* ■"■nr ,vtii-i ■ - — ^'— - .-...- . • - • ■ •-

'■hfMMHIi l-f ..■.■'.* - _ - - - —.■■■- I

ilJi -ntHfrr-*. i ■"■r.-* -.1— -..--

Ttie -uiMlnir '--■_- T. .^ . -

■BUT* -rntn .-i*.-*- .■-.■....■

bmar -T%at ' .^ • r ■ .- i-~- ,i'

lint 'aM ■".* --*» •!.,-■-.
;i» :»m»n>*^ --1— ■ ■ -•-

Sw tir •■'•<---

if -I* ^TVI^— • '■ ■ - *■* ■!•

-rimt -•■• -.-i*-.!-!.-' ■
•ar»« .:■ ^ ' i-« - ,. . .

242

TinonE ISLANn is thk revolctiok.

llcmcn at llii» U»H-n, inot Graml dv Rocliainbciui at tbe fi-ri?. On blB
Hrrivnl at tbe parade he was saIiiUkI with flflceii rminon placed iMMir llir
hrldge. Ke drauk t«a wlifa Cencr&l VarDuiu, and lodged uc my bouse. \Vc
did vvvrythiiig In our puwur Ut give bliii n liurtjr welvoiiic. Hope be wns
gratllteci with &l» rhit.

"Aecordlns to prointHc to Mr. Temay, I have seen the pvraon that gtixe
the account or the Ift^iiiitnatJ'f'* being rendered nnfit for nervlce. Illti
nnme Is ]>onitlM>ii, of this IOwd; was mailer of tlie ftigtt*: called the
Providrnee, I'wt nt ('hitrle»((>n-ii. Krotn ttieiiru h« came {ia>»euger on
honnl a iwenty-guii ship cailed tlic Betnont, Ciipiain Ru»»cl] ; thnt tlir »aid
(npinlu HuM»ell Kive liini the iit-coujit or llie ship's getting on the bboals
tiL-ar chL' ll(!litlL()iibe-. that htr Imck was hruke, uud t^lie UuRisjii-d so much
that sliii could ntkt r.irry her metal on deck ; tliHC .*hc ftllli lay down itt tlic
tt'tak. lie ntrlber Inrorins llial tbe Brilish hud nine »nil of tbe line, excla-
■lv« or tbe Hmftimablt, ou tliat vtallOD.

•■ Hope er« this yon hare recovered your fornier l»ealth.

" PlvAM Bffud the enclaBed to Cuuiil de Cha«t(.-Uux.

"Mrs. Itowfii prc9Ciil!< her coniplimenm. My ref^nrdit are otTured to
yourself and tbe gcutletniii of your fhiully ; and believe tliat I am

" Vuiir most obedient and most hnmbte servant.

S^

*>^<'

V

By Oepnly-Goveraor IJtiwcii aiul his t'limiiy m»s formed
fiir (icitcrnl Ki)chnmt>eaii an l-hiIv frietideiibip, which was only
lirokon by tloath. Tho Genera! kept his pormaneut head-
qiinrters in Newpoil, hut business railed him frequently to
ProvideiK-e, and whenever this was the esse, he was uniformly
the guest of (iovernor Itowcn.

When ulmut to leave with his jirmy for active opcmtions
with \Vn^hiii;;toii, the (U-neral pr«»ent«d to ^[rs. Bowen,
from liiti eaup eipiiiNi^, a hcnvy (silver tspuon, lieuring hid
ert'tit, as n memento of the ph^n-sant hours he had i^pcnt in
the family, aiitl of tiiii |K<r»onai rvj^nl for his accomplished
ho8tcst». Thfl s{HK»i WMK twolvc inches in Icneth, was made
in r^ondttn, of sterliiitr silver, and Wui<.'hi*d live and one-half
ountvs. The tmd«-inBrk wji» a hull's head. This inteivat-

OnR FltENni ALLIES.

24?t

ing relic of an eiuiiieiit French ally
ha^ heen very cm-cfiiHy jiivspncd and
bflndcd down in ihn Il<>wrn family.
It 18 now iu the poissf^iiiuii iif Mrs.
Annie G. Bowcn, of Tiverton, U. 1.,
relict of the l«te Uov. Charles James
Bowcu. Ity tier cordial pemiisfion. I
I'-aused a reduced copy "f ihe ori<rinal to
be niade, — as \nTfie as Ili« i>agc would
recoivo, — which aci'onipanics this hriof
description.

The Vicomlfl de Roi>liaintieaii» Lieu-
tenant - Colonel in the regiment of
Bourlwnnais, und son of the (iencral,
was highly esteemed liy Ocpnly-Cov-
eroor Kowen. After iho close of the
War of Independence in America, ho
returned to the ITnitod 8ljitcs, and wat:
received by Wa^iliingtoa and the pub-
lic geucnilly with a hearty welcome.
Visiting I'rovidencc, he renewed hit*
accpiaintjinec witli the Deputy-Oovern-
or'a family.

Many other friendships were fonned
in Providence by (Jcnorul K(H'ham-
Heatt, and among Ins iiitimateK were
Kx-GoveiTior t'ooko, John, Joseph
and Nieholfis Rrown, Colonc! Tliomiis
L. Ilolaey, (.'olunol Joseph Nightin-
gale, Colonel Daniel Tillinghast, Colo-
nel John Mathew^on, Samuel Night-
ingale, Joseph Kussell, and John
Smith. Kach of these was idcntilicd
with the revolutionary proceedings of
the town and of the State, and im-
proved auitable opjiortuniticri to be-

/^

General Nathan Miller, of Wrtrreu, R. I., for mBnv years
Brigadmr-Gctieml of the niititia of the counties of Bristol
and N'ovvport, was, hy his military [msition, frciiiicntly
brought into conimiinicution witli General KoclmmUcnu.
The ac<]uaintaai-e thus formed ripened into frieudrihip, and
a iiiiiltml nttnehmnnt, — slrongthoned. perhiiiw, hy ihc fact
thai Geiieriil Miller was of French Huguenot descent, — led
to an exchange of swords. The Uochuuibeau Sword is a
handsome rapier, with silver hilt and guard, the blade being
neatly nmamented in gold and blue. It is owned by Gooi^

OUR FBBNCH ALUB8.

245

L. Cooke, Jr., Esij., a (Icswndant of General MilU^r, and
hold an A precious legney. By Mr, Cooke's courtesy, I am
cnnblod to present herewith an cn^vod representution of
Uie sword and scabbard.*

• KmIjuu MllJiT i*nj> Ijwrn tii H"«m-i>, It. I.. March SB,
i;U. Al th« tN^Kinninji ot the wm 1i«< oDlenul hi^rtUy
Into mcMarra tiir re«l*1anri*, aiiil trn* ailrkEicnt tlirf'usti
Tiriav* inlUtarr RTBdra, uultl, lu 17TV, hp wm «)>-i:t«<l
IUlj{«dice.Grcu-ral(urtIir cdiinllpAorNcvpflrlnndllHMal.
lie mu tix jpon ■ Dcpul} ft^itii Wmm-n In llic^ (iviirral
Avimtily. In \Tni bt wm*B|Ji><il<iir<J a ineuit«ruf aeuio-
iDlilrr " to irniulrv Into the clrcuniAtancv'ii of llh- batrack*
Ml by tli« KrIlUli tniL>p« upnn KlKHtr Idaii.il ndi] Janipa-
town In Ihr vrar I77U." Tnr thv piirrniH.' or maktnv a dli-
tribuUaB of llio niaU-j-lal* wllh whkli llwy wvn- built
amonit*! ni«b iwnoiui "■■Kav« MibhwlDry pvltlmn of

Ill l-Vlwiiarjr, ir^.lirniu rliTliil liy tlii- firiiiTul Abm-im-
blf B 4rlr>&li'i tOKi'lhvr wllli Ibc K(-v, Jamrs Slannlnfi,
D. D., l'rT«l(I«-nl uf RIiucIf li>1ni»l <!oIlrgr. to trprracnl
(lie MbI« fu llw riiitiTl nlali-> < voKrvi*. KFplrnibrr 'JB,

li>llawln|[< tm unil<^ villi Dr. Hanalnc In luliltrHlax ■

Uttpr to Ihr lifivrriiar of Rliodc Iilantl, III lilikli u rcrli-W
of public alDklrt *<»■ pn-wnlnl, nlxiwInK llint lli« counte-
nauduK of i.trlainnipatuim in llir Srnlr wddIcI ttTmliialr
la Ita nilii, ''auil tiavi' no mnalilpnilitv ■liitrr !■■ tlir nib-
venlon of lh« UaloM."

OMwral Mnirr piirrhairil of thr nlDcor* ami luilillpri iif
Coh>ni"l <ir?cno'« mhI Colniii'l Hlifrburnv'" rvjrlMiculs tbe
Mount Hope tam. Mt off rn llirtn hjr llir Sliitr-. far llic
doprvciallnn of th-i-lr ira|[[«, vhlrJi hf inlit In thv Rua.

U'llUiiiH ItnuiniriJ. Ttiv IkriR «■■ Mil to MDialB XW
Mr** Willi II roiKbUlonare-aurrpjtlappean'ilIoi-oDtflbi
•nlyMtwrMBntl Wrmlt. In I;A4 VlN>(reuiTal AnB-inblf
I ftUoiKil iDil pAld h\ia £]|o, ] "lawful nonrri" "' *»

> Cqulvalcol for lh<^ •I«ncirur7.

OMuml MilW wa* a largr, flrnliv ttinn. nr-ijchlns op-
WafiU of Ihr** hnnilr«l i>oun<l«. ll» iiot*r—rA a rctn of
dry hunur. wbkli lir iinrr dlspliirnl itpiiD aTnrj. Hat.
luK niHitip a n->|iil>liiuii iijiuri tilin (br cattlp. wlitcl] h*
' rtfbMil to nitultli, till' lif-Dftal hroiifc'il blm (a trrnin lif
la^lnil hliD INI ili« ipwuiid «a>l aliiliig iipiai him.

In Maj-, l7Kt,(7riirial Mlllri Mvn aiqwltitnl nnilillfccled
M moiplvin the ab«iraclii nf tiM- iMilllla Kfllcvra aiul uifu
irtw HA dnij In pnnaaiim of ui ant of ilir licnrral
AMManbly. pancd it lh« prrrfuua Fobruarjr waaliin.

In Jut; •It Ihi' taiiiv ivnr, liv it-iu irqvtped lu aniiT all
llw mmi Kho wp» ilraHnl or <!tlachc<d fKim hia brifaik-
ti> dudalj rurltv moalh at July.lojoln Imiimllalrlj OH>n'|[tinpiil upnii lilmd* Idnnd.

In oclulxr, I7M!, bv WM pta«e4 lo mramand of • tug of iruiM- wtn-l, in wbjeli lu iraiu.
pon M-rUin priaoncn at war to Ken Vork. m|ulmil lu br richaag«l.

(I«itrra1 llllli-r illnl In hli natlii* town Hay 'JO, KW, »£t4 fortj-awen ynn.

24G

RHOnE ISLAND IN THB KRVOUt'fldN.

Jabez Bowon, sou of Dr. Ephraini aud Mnrj [Fconer] iloweii.wns bora
In Proviik-iicf, R. t., June IS, ITM. and wis CKlocaU-d «t Yak- Concfe.
wliert! lie (;ra<1uiiU'd in llic year IT'iT. Up<Mt tliv coinplvtion of his college
course he returned U> Providence, where his yrent i-iipiiclLy for piit)lk busi-
ness. Jolnud tu hU uiii|ue)ti.io>icd Integrity, cave lilm an elevnleU ctiamcler
mid n cummtiniUn;; Influence Id Kociuly. In 1773, 1771 and 1775 be wa»
elected n mpiiihcr of l\iv 'J'own i loiincU. served Oiitr years as Ucppe«'iiUi-
live in ihc UoiicrnI ANHenihlj-. iiiid wnst elected Deputy- Gov em nr, which
office he held from I7T« to ITWi, niid aKOlti from I'HI to liSB. He wiw
also fbr sororal years a Jiid^^u of llie Sopri'inu Court. DurluK ll«e War of
the Revoluili^ii, tie was Uevot«l to the cnuse of froedoTn. aiiil occuiiled a
place ou Important cumnilltevM. Ast a. niemtM?r or the Board of War, he
wiifi artlve and influrntiiil, and his house wiu< the resort uf inllttarjr oHlcers
of distinction, where they t'oiind a rordlal welcome.

When the question of the power of tlie PurlJiiment of Grnit ({ritiilii to
pass lawn tu f'iml fAc C<>f""i'.'s /« nil (■««■;*. was first attempted to be curried
into operation, Mr. Bon en was In the vlj^uTof htsdayti. EnJoylnaUieliish
confidence of Ma ft^llow-cltlzene, he wa^ one of chose who assorted nod
Advocated the rights of the Colonleti; and when the question came to be
dceidcil hy nriiift, altliou^h at that time on the Bench of the Supreme Jiidl-
ciiil Court, he ftceepird the cnnintnnd of the first rc*lment of the connty
of I'ravldeuce. After the Britijih army had iiirndrcl the State, and had
the bliind of llliode Island in poNHesslou, lie was appointed to the otllce of
Depaty-Govcrnor, aud lh^otl^ll the whole euiitexl was an etilulent member
of the Council of War. In the principal movements of the army of the
United States in this dcpnrtmenC, be was consuUed by Generals Hpencer,
Sullivan and Gntes.

I>cpitty-(}ovenior Bowen was appointed by the Qeueral Assembly, in
178(1, one of the Commiiiionen* to reprenent ilie State in llie Convention
of States, proposed to be held nt Ani]Bpoli«, " to lake Into consideration
the trade of the United Sutes, to examine the relative ^liunilous and tnide
of ib(! aald State.q, to consider how fur an uniform syiitcm In their com-
mercial regulations may be necessary to their common mtere-tt and perma-
nent harmony." etc. lie was chatrmnn of a coramlitcc of i-ceonclllallon
between the town and thceountry. In i;88,whenadl!>tur)uinee waM threaU
ened, on the oc'ca«ioii of celehratinfi; American Indepcndinice. lie was
likewise a member of the Convention that adopted the Constitution oflhii
United Sintvs, at Newport, May 30. 17'.iO, aud during the administration
of Washington, win* Commissioner of Loans for Khode Island.

Deputy-Governor Bowen look an earnest Interest In the cnuHc of popu-
'lar e'lucflUon. and when the pnblic Trfc^ sctinols were escabliiihcd in IVovi-
deoco, he weu placed on the first committee chosen to supervise theni.
lie was an active and a devout member of the First Con;^ relational Church,
aud I'resldeiit of the Hhuile Island HIblr Society. In 1785 he succeeded'
Oorernor lloplilos us Cbanecllor of Rhode Island College, now Brown
Unlver»lty,— au odicc lielil I>y blm uutlt his decL'ue, a period of thirty

OUR FBKNCH ALI.TK8.

247

years. Ak k iiivmbcr of the Mtmunii: fratumltj', tho subject of this notlcs
IMiiXMl tlirouifb varioiw griuioa of ofDce until, In 1774, he wii» elected
Rrand Mn.4ter of llie (irnnil J^octge of Ktiotle Islnnfl. lie (lied MnyM. 1815,
in the ftcvcnty-sUtti yenr of his age. greatly litnicnted, nnd vrttS hurled
wrltli MaHonIc Itoitom, tliti Must WoniliipfVil Ctmud MxJiler, Ttiomiu BniLCti
Webb, together with subordinate olIlcerB and upwardit of vtglity hrellireo
belDg present to assist In the fuueral services. Bis remsins wvre followed
to The place uf Interment (the Wext Burying Ground) by the members of
Ihc corporatloTi. the tutorH imrt stndcnUi of Brown University, the mem-
bers of the First ConKrofinllnniil ('hurch, and cltlzeus genemlly, lu 1S18
tliey were trausFcrrod to Swan Point C'cmctory.

ROMK uf DcriTr-OufKHXUK .Fabkx tiowBN, KuKTU Maix Snusn,

I'BovibHNcs, irsu.

Prior to, Mid during the War of the Refolutlon, Deputy- (jovtrnor
Bowen lived lu a house on North Main »trect. fronting MurkcC sqaarc, on
the Kite of the preHent "What Cheer Itiiltdlng." Suhscfjiiently, and for
many ycarH, tlu' home wa^ occupk-d us n plae« of vnUrtalnmeiit, and
was hnoTvn tt* "Tiic Mnnufucturpm' ll.>U-l-" From tin- IVonl balc-ony of
this house, the IlfulitrHtlon i>r Ind(rpvud(>ncv wa^ read. lu tlir lnt«f years
of IiIh lifi- Im! cri-cted ii liaiidsome luanslon on Oeorge street, near I'roBpecl,
which he oeeiipk'd durln;; ihe residue of hln lift. When, ftomv yearn aBo,
tbe University Kroiiiida were onlarge<l by tuklns In the lots upon which
this IwHise and the one adjoining' »u>oi.l, the Bowen inan«tlou wa.s removed
tA Waterman strfct, a little tiorth-ca«t of "Hope <'ol1<?g*," and In now
(1)*8:!) oeeupk'd by t'olonr! William W. Urown. To Uoreruor Gowcn'^

na

RHODE ISLAND HI THE REVOLmOS.

forecast and liberality th<> citj' or Providence Is Inilebled for the planiing
of IFic 9tat«Iy clmn which oniAment C'olkgc stri>rt, and whose Interlaced
brutchCA preHODl to tli« beholder, an ho asceiidtt the hi11 ou an uncloaJvcl
tnoop-llt eveiilii;|(, II jilcluru of »ur|>iiHiiU)K ('CJiuly- flovvrii'ur Buwen
owned n diif estute in Cmiihtoi]. In the mnnaKemciit of which be funud
plcasatit relaxation fruiii the fuUnues and pcrplexltlesi of public (Jutlee.

PepQty-Guvui'uor Buweu was tnlL-e marrlL-d; nr»t, iJeevmbL-r 11', l'$£.
to Surah Brown, dftugliltr of ObaJlnb Ilrowu, by whoiu he Imd seven aoiiB
and one daughter. Mrs. Ilowen dieil Marrli 17, It^O'l. IILi ■tecoTid mnr-
rlogo. May 21, 1801. was to i'cOdy Lcouanl. u daughter of Juilgc Leon-
ard, of Rayuliaiii, MaMs. Kxceltent mid UfL-ltlce |>ortrattJi of himself and
of the Unit Mrs, lloweii, nvrv pnlnl^-d by the celebrated Copley, niul are
now la possession of their sraiidsoii, William It. Bowcn, V.tm., of Provi-
dence. Three of his sous enidufiu-d til Brown Uulvvrsity, viz. : Jubez, In
the class of 1788; Horatio Gates, (scvcntteii years LibrArinnJ in ITli7;
and Henry, In IKO?. The latter was for thirty yi.iir* thi- hmiored Secretary
of the State of Khode Island. He mnrriitl. February 1 1, IWOH, Hiirrlct
Amanda Munroe, daiishter of •Jamea and Kebecea Mnnroe, kT BoHtou.
Mr, Secretary Buweu wuh burn .lanuiLry fi, 1746, uud died Ui Providence
April 16, 1k<:t, B^ccd cl^hty-two ycnm, three moulhji and eleven days. Uv
waa the Hither of eight children, viz. : Henry L.. Harriet Amanda, Hnm-
llo, tdled yonns,) William, (died youos.) Caroline, William Horatio, ;dled
youug,) William Horatio, f'harkH James

HKMOBANOA Of ItKCtTY'llOVDlKUR JABRZ SOWK».

IIQO. With others, petitioned the General Assembly to be rellcvM Trvm
obllffation to keep open a Bah way on a branch of the Paw-
Uixet in tScltiiaU-, on wliieh the company bad erected Iron-
works.

1770. One of the charlt-T meiuljcrK of Hie Benevolent CongreKalionat

Socluty in I'rovWcuce.

1771. A petttloner with others to Gcuoral Asneinhly for permission to

raise *'lhcatiin of tSfiO, iatvnil money," by lottery, "to bo
applied to purehdMn^f a Parsonni^e" for the use of the Flrat
CuiigrrjCrtlloiiu! SocirLy in I'ryvidctier,

1774. Appolnt(>d Miijur In Hie militia.

1775. Appointed Lien ten ant- Colonel hi the tullltlii.

■• Appointed one of Hie Inspectors of Walt Pctre in the Colony,

'* Mcnibf^r of a committee "to enquire the price of cannon " Re-
ported January 12, 1770.
1773. Chosen (.'oloiiel of llic tlritt re}{luieiit of mltllla In the connty of
rrovldcuoe.

'' Appoliited a Justice of the Superior Tourt.

** Appoinl<^l uu a cumiuitceu " tu lni(ulre of the Cuninibsnrlcs tiow
hero IToni Ihtt nclijhborlriK States, thu allowiince of pruvlMona
and itecessarie.s to the Mtid soldiers in coiitiitetital acrvice."

OCR rBEKCH ALLIES.

249

1777.

1778.

CIiosi-R « .Fiiittlce of tb« Superior Court.

Cht>««u (*c^luiii:1 of tli« Aral regiment of rDllltla in ttiL- county of
Providence.

Appulntei] by tim Geut-rul Assembly odo of a committw U> UAv
Jnto consideration th« pcUtlou of Joseph Ballou, of Cuinljer-
liiiKl, for liberty to ml»c £3.0fK) by lottery, t« ilelViiy ilie vx-
pcDnv of op«nliig a »<ilrcr mine (liscorered en Mh lanil In (lalil
town.

Chosen » niombiT of the Coiiucll of Wnr tor tlie county of Provi-
ilctice, Tliti oltiL'r inembcrs were John Siiyles, (jklvou Cuin<
Dtock, -Tolm I'pilike, Jnmei* Lovult, and EncIc Hopklutj.

Kecelvecl from the siiiCc £HS tor cxponsca In KtU'iidlng ft conveM-
tioii ii) Kiwt tirconwlch.

AppoinU'd one of Ibe TonimlstiloDen to meet CommlMlonerit of
ulhvr Slates In ilw rnlou " to take Into consideration the trade
o( the VnlteO ."States."* etc.

Elected Deputy to reprMciiT. Providence In the Gcnernl Aiuwtnbly.

The General .\.s!i(rin))ly " voted nnil reHo]ved"to rcflmd ttvn hnn-
dred doIlar)>, " Kix'cie vnlue.'* to Juhec Rnuoii, lulvuuccd by liliii
In 1705 to a delegate In Coni;rc«« from Uhodf I»Iniid. The
ndvuiicc waa retondcil "wllli coiupouud InlereNt thereon."

A VISIT FROM THE INDIANS.

WAB DANCK.— INIHASB AT WEST POINT.-IIACKRR'S HALI-.

.ITIIERTO in the war, tbe active symimtly of some of
the Indian trilies with tlio openitiona of the Enj^lisli
had been tlispliiyed, .iinl it whs tlocntcd a sound expedient
to drnw thnsp otrcujiyinji' a neiilni! position inln otpmlly
active rcliition.s with tlip .\morionn and French troopa.
"Many of the Iro(]UL»rs Indianfi," mys S|mrks, "had Iieen
strongly attached to Lho Fi'oiirh in foniier liracfl, iMirticiiInrly
during tho ln.st [Freneh] war, and thoy f»till retained a lively
reiucinbninii* of thu uinii-aMc intercour»o thai liud then
exiHicil. WJit'ii M. de \'audreuil son'endert'd Canada to the
Hrilisli, he g:ivc to the Indiunit, m l«)kuns of n;i.^ugni/.anco,

32

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

Ul

writes :

or tliHBu HonH of the fui-cat, Goiieml Roeliaiulwuu

" ThP (lIlTenMit (k|)iitii.tlotiit or savMgcs ivltocitiuu to the c Amp ^lioweil
no surprise ut the lilKht of the caniiunx, troi»ps bihI tlirir excrclwni; but
they dill not recover rrom their wtanlshmvut at seeing the iii)plc trees
bulen with rralt above the t«Dt« which th« coldlcrs hu) occupied for thrc-e

lOODtbS.

"Oneof tliv diiefif or the naratfri), of whom mvntloii ia injiile iiboro,
m&iic lo me, lu n public fludkncu, * n-llcction that surprised me. 'My
Dtther,' 8«1d be, * It U very Mtoiibihinjt Ihxt the Klug of France, unr

.^^.

'\ • /A*, ^

■i^.

Ixiii.in Will II 1X1 K,

(kUier, iKrnds hfn troop* U» prot«tt th« AincrlcanN in nit Insurrection
ftgnlnst the King of Enjtland, tht/lr ftithrr.' Your (kthrr, thvKing of France,
I replied, protticts titc osturut Uberty thai God biis given lo man. The
AmcrlcftniH have been ovcrlcMidecl with hurdciu which they were do lunger
able to beiir. lie has found their complaliit^Just. We flhall cTerywlK-re
be the fyienda of thetr fHcndri, and the etipmles of their cticmlc!i. But I
CUiDOt but exhort yon to LhfHtrict««t nentrallty In all Ihene quarrel*. Thix*
It was that I extricated luyself, as well mm 1 could, fruni a qutretion which
waa uot free from einbarriMsmcnt. Good trealmeDl and many prcscnix
were Htlll more coiii-lusive in the negottutSon wilh ihvv^' wtragcH, which
termlnnicd nnd vrta maintained, entirely to our Hatlaflicilon, dnrlnj; the
three campaigni of the French nmiy In America,"*

• Mvuivlm. rol. {.. fp. :.iM iM.

On the second of Sc-ptember, tk<.' delegation took iU
departure for bom<;. Tn paA<tin^ ngain throng Pmndrncc,
It was eotertained at llnckers Hall, by order of the GeDeral
Assembly, at an exiwa^L- of £vtO. IHs.

M the rcqnc»t of (Irnera! Ilojith, the lion. Christopher
Ellcrj', of Newport, advanced to Mr. James Deane, the con-
ductor of the deh'gution, the sum of eight hundred continen-
tal dollan*, to defray its expenses. For this sum ho was
authorized to dmw on (icneral i'hiUp Schuyler. Mr. KHery
hanng endorsed the order, it was nrcepted and refunded to
liira out of the ^reneral trea^iuiy of Khodc Tiilaiid, by a vote
of Iht^ <if-neim1 AHHi-nibly.

OUR FRENCn ALLIES.

&53

From Proviiiiiinx', s purliiiii of llii» ilcli^gationp roceodod
to West Point, where, to impress its members with an idea
of tlie streii<^h of Ihu Americnii army, iUay wore honored
with a review. Describing it. Ur, Thiitcher, who whs pre-
sent on the occasion, say** :

•* The aniiy was p&riulcil to lie rcTltJWftd by General WiiKbiagton, accom-
piLiitixl by n nnmhrr of Indino ctiicf*. Hl» Excellency, mauntcd on his
noble bay charg«;r. rodu in (Vont of the line of tbe nnny, and received tbe
(uuAl BNlutc. Six Iiidta.!! ctik-fli fullowvil lu Itt8 Lrnlii, appearing a^ tbc
most diNKuolingsnd cod tempt Iblv of the bumati races H'elr thce* palnt«il
of viirious colors, ibelr hair twisted Into buiicbes on the top of their
liendn, ntid dreiisetl In a miserable Indian habit, some with n diny blanket
over the sliotildera, iuhI ollirn< nlmoiit iiuki-d. They were mounted on
horaoii ttt llii: pi)f>re«t kind, with uiidroNiH^d Nbeep skins Itistcad of niiddli.'X,
and fdd ropen for bridles. Tlieso bSpcd» could not refrain IVoin the Imlol-
i:eDc« of their appctiteii ft)r rum ou this uccaelou, and bohic of ihem fcU
from their hones on tliclr reinrn to bcn(lquiirt«r.i."

With reference to the forej;oing. the followinjr memoran-
<liiiii \\;\H miidc in u diury tiy the Kev. Dr. Enos Hitchcork,
a C'hupLiin in (Icuernl Patterson's brigade, who was present :

•' Wrst PotNT, September 13, 17S0.
" This inornlni; the whole nnny turned out to bo received by a numtK-r
of Indian^ some chief!!, a coinmltteo from several tribes In ('nnailii. who
wer<^ SL'iit to Ithodi- Ulmid to obtain the tM-'rUlnty of a French fleet, which
the llriUMh ciideavort-d to keep a secret from them."

IIACKnt*a IIALU

This bnlidlwfi. a view of which l« jfivttn on page SS2, waa IoMte^^ on the
eaat if1d« of Sooth Main slR-et, between Plaortand I'owcr strefbi. Itwaa
a tarKe, plain, Hubiitatillal-Iuoklni; wooden house, two Ktorlea high, with
a ba»eineiil ntory fhintlng on the atreet. It contained a convenltsnt ball,
that on public and private (Vjsttve occa-iions vied with the popular " Golden
Ball." now the " Mansion House." ou Benefit street. This hon-se vraa boltt
by Jotkwi Hatker, who came when a yu«ing man to ProvldCDCe, from
Sn]«ra, MaM,, about the year I Tm, He was ungageil for loany yearn In
sailing a packet between Providence and Xe>vport. and after retiring from
that buMlnesa lie opened at the Il'iil a liousc of eot«rtalnment. Balls
and parties were here held by the 6Ute of the town. Here WaahlnKton,
8ulllTan, Varnuni, Gnte^, KnchambCAn and other dlstlDgnlabed characters
wvre. At dilTerenL lluics. aupcrbly euU-rtalned. June 30, ]T7tt, a Court of

254

JUIOnR IBI.AIII> IN THE BRVOLUTIOK

Inqulrj-nat At //lioter'ii //o/t, to i!xftiuiiie Into Uie conduct of b Baker n^r the
Military IK-partiucnt of Providence, ou the charge of not dollrcring to the
oBicent aiiit ^lolillcn tlivir proper weight of bri-iul. Major FUig^ prrslded.

A fkC'Slniile speclmun of tin Invitation to u IwiU at Uacki-r*?* In liei*wilh
SireD. Tbe orliilziiU was prlnt^l on the buck of a plaj'luu ciin.1. as wero
Berenil utln'r similar luriuttoiu, of dlflrerrnl dates, tliAt Imvv b««n placed
In my hnnds. I'lain card-boanl then w&s probably scarce.

Th« manager of tbc ball. Tbomas Moyd llaUey, was a promlncut and
wealthy merchaut of I'rovidoncc, and held the office of French Agont for

g rySH E Favour of-<^^^^^

3<

3C( Company is requeued to a B A L L>

g ac Hacker S'lIaU, on ^Tbur/daj Evening
g next, « Six oClock^_^ ,_^_^^^_

g Pro^idenctt -Sept. 2> I7#3.

Rhode Island. The Polly Arnold, to whom the invitation wa.4 addressed,
wwi l-lu' diiii||Chtcr (if (.'ntoiK^I Ilonjamin Arnold, of Wiirwitrb, Jivltifr not fhr
IVoo) I'nwtuxct. Nlic ytnA a youug lady of attractive |ivnton aiid of enf{ag-
lojf manners.

Joahun Hacker wss a son of l-sanc Haclcer, of Sal^m, a. name honorably
Iwrp«taBt«d lu tliHt Kuck-nt city. He bccaiuu the oivner of considerable
real cstalo la Providence, Ilis honicstcsd propnrty extended from *' Bnck-
cr'a wharf," nearly op[vosltc bis dwelling, to Itoneflt street. He wa.i an
original rocmhor of the corporation of Uio Benevolent Congregational
Society In rrovldenee. He hnd neveml clilUlrvii. Ills ddeaC daughter.
Itannah, who Is stlU remb^red by elderly cltJEens. di^ unmarried. Ills
8on. Hojsted. settled In New York city, and April 10. 1795, after b\»
father's decease, sold his Int^'rvst !n the estate to Joseph Peck for (600,
The catntoaflerwarrls became the property of 8eth Adams, senior, father
of the late Scih .tdams, jnnlor, a wealthy flonr merchant of Prorldence.
Joshua Hacker lived and died a respected citizen.

OCR FRKNCn AM-IE8.

SA5

"HjickerV Hall" whs tJestroycHl Iiy the "(iiwit Fire" in
JttiiUHr)', ly^l. A brick dwelling now oceiipics its site.

RKVIVAL OF BUSINESS.

Wjl4l!K ruin brought upon the coiiimtirco and other busi-
<^»J no33 of Xowport, while it whs occupied by the enemy,
hits nlready l)ccn described* But the presence of the French
nllics aetcd as a charm to stay a downward course, and to
infiue new life into the busiuesa of the toTrn.

"Tb« mnrkct oOVirFd great prlceti nnti prompt puy, in IiArd taooey, tat
»1) the productions of the surroundlus country. Such no rcc«mIuo of
nouibcrnt tuilvcd rL-iiuiri.-(l uiurc tliuii could bv AiniUlivO. aud tbe coutlng
craft were nil put In r^-quhltlon to avail themselves of this cuvlabtc mftT-
ket. The town wa» throngt-d nlili xailortt, soldiers, niid other sirangont.
drawn hy potrloUsm, doty, curiosity, or the por«olt of gain. All ihc build-
ings were nguin Illl«d with inbabiuntv, and all th« old itlill-houscs, biLkc-
botues, storcj and out-bulldlnu" '•ore t«i»pomrlly rcpalre<l Tor tbe use of
the Frencli soMlcrs. The mcuiiiiij-hDUHus. nblcb etiU reiualucd tu ibo
dilapidated stale In which tbe English bad led tbem, now were used by
Cbc French Tor the same or slinllnr purpo«M." t

THE ItlUTISH WRECKS.

It has already been mentioned X that in the alarm occa-
sioned hy the appearance of D'Estaing's fleet in the harbor
of Neirport, the llritish Biink two and burned eight of their
guard-ships, stationed in the Jjist Pai^sage and in the waters
of Narnigannett Iliiy, to prevent their fulling into the hands
of our French ally. Ten ilays l>eforo the arrival of Adniiml
De Teniay's squmlron, the frigate Flora, of thirty-two guns,
which liad been Hunk in Newport harbor nearly two years
previously, was raised, aud a (|iiantiiy of provisions found on

■Am*, p. Ua.

\ .\(-B|<urt Urrvur^, Aii^uia Jv, isoi.

\.\ur, p. B7.

256

RBODK ISLAITD CT THB REVOLCTIOS.

board. It appears that ponotu belonging to the Admirars
sqaadron soon cngm^ed in fUhin^ up from the wrecks
aocbon, caMcit, and other matemU,and couvertjug them to
thoir oirn arivantage. Aa the wrecka had already been sold
for the beDe6t of the Slate, at an auction held at John I^w-
ton'a hotel, fnow the Park House.) in Newport, and pur-
chased by Griffin Oroene, ('romwell Child and Caleb Gard-
ner, for the sum of X75,0OO, " lawful money," the operation
of Belf-nonstitiit(!fl wreckers wa^ a troxpasii upon their legal
right*. Tliey brou^t the »abject to the attention of the
General Assembly, which dire^ed Governor Greene to write
to the Admiral, "setting forth the sale of the wrecks, etc.,
to them by this State,'" and entrenting him to prevent fur-
tber trespasH, and also "to i-eslore unto the purchaaera the
anchors already weighed, uj>on their paying a proper allow-
ance therefor." Thi." pro!)ably proved effectual, as no fur-
ther complaint waa heard. How valuable the purchase Ikccamc
to the owners is unknown. At the same auction were sold
two hundred tons of hay, cut by the British troops and left
on Conanicut island.

NEWPORT SOCIETY IN 1780.

fF, in 1777, Neal, ehurrnedwith Iho physical features and
with the society of Newport, pronounced it the Paradise
of New England, it is not a matter of 8ur|)rise that, in 1780,
the Abbii Kobin and the Count de S6g«r, with keen Hp])reci-
ation of the beautiful in nature and of refinement in social
life, should have endorsed the Meiitimcnt. Says the latter:
"Newport, well and regularly built, contained « numerouij
population, who»e bnppincfs wus indicated by its prosperity.
It alfunled delightful cii-cles, composed of cnliglitencd men

t

OrR FREXCH ALLIES. 257

and modest, handsome women, whose talents heightened
their personal attractions." The generous hospitality of the
merchant princes of Newport ; the culture and character of
its clerical, medical and legal professions; the attractive fea-
tures of home life ; the beauty and refinement of its viva-
cious young women ; and, withal, the retiring and modest
deportment of the fair daughters that graced the families of
the Society of Friends, certainly authorized the admiration
expressed by the Count.

The names and traditions of many of the "Belles of New-
port," in 17«0, are preserved with almost the freshness of
yesterday. Among those around which are twined the
romance and witchery of feminine loveliness, may be men-
tioned Polly r^au'ton, (or J^ighton, a.s the name was then pro-
nounced,) "the very pearl of Newport beauties," and her sis-
ter Eliza ; Polly Wanton, Molly, Emma and Abby Kobinson,
four charming women of the faith of Fox ; Isabel and Amey
Ward, daughters of (Joveruor liichiinl Ward ; Eliza, Kath-
arine and Nan*;y Hunter ; Jlohetabcl Kedwood, daughter of
Abraham Redwood, founder of the ''Kedwood Library";
Mar^ret and Mary ('hamplin, daughters of Christopher
Champlin, an enterprising and a successful merchant ; Betsey
Ellery and her sisters, daughtci-s of William EUery, signer
of the Declaration of Indejiendence ; Miss Brinley, daugh-
ter of Thomas Hrinley, Estj. ;* Miss Sylvan, and others of
scarcely less note. These, with the many susceptible and
attentive French oflicei-s, gave to social life in Newport a
greatly increased brilliancy. To complete the picture of tho
time, brief notices of ladies already mentioned here follow.
Firat on the list is the Quakeress Polly Lawton, daughter of
Robert Lawton. Mr. Lawton was born in Newport in 1738.
He was a man of large wealth, and iiuiked socially with the
first citizens of his native town. He married Massy Easton,
daughter of James Easton, and a lineal descendant of Nich-
olas Easton, a Colonial (iovernor of Rhode Island. His

•Anil-, |i. '.Ni.

iitf RnODK ISLA2n> IK THE RBTOLmOX.

t^Mren, biMMiee Pollr, were EliabeCb, Geoi;ge, Robert,
NWIiolas, and two who died in in&ncy. Mr. Lawton's fiun-
iIt 9eiTMit3 were ^xteen n^ro slaTes, who came to his
ownership by his marra^. The most noted erf" these
was ** black :nuq Easton.* who was serrant to the ladies of
the 6uuilr, and attended them in all their canine drtres
and hM'seback rides. Piut ot the slaves was kept at his
town house and part at his &nB* at Sechmst I^Mnt.
BesidiK his landed estate, Mr. Lawton owned a conaidenUe
muater oi vessels en^a^ed prineipallj in the coasting trade.
Ills hone, still standii^> was at the como' of Spring and
Touro streets, in the western roooK of which seresal Ficndi
tftteers, with their servants, were «{aartiHed. In the Cn-
ttir» and the ^^inimtfUt nuBner of his danger PoDr there
appeared a beaut r and a ^race per^eetlr enehaiknip.
which diew fioBt her ftwuign adsmms adjectzTe» of ••
prase.

''So naeh beaut t ,'' sair« CoodA S^ar. "* do ameh aBpfiritr^
90 «neh elejeaiKe^ so andk ModestTr were pnb^MS- never
Wfoee eoodbcaed £b tb» soaae petson. Her ^dwk was wftAe^
£br hvcsetf,. whHiit her aaepfe and& nevkeMharf and t&a cnvi-
eiB»eaabriif of hereap.. wioeh svoareetTsIhiwBd me to ace &«-
^&fh«obwed bair. tuvl 1^ mtxiest aCtne, m short, of a pmas
TttjXtD. seemed vainlT tu eodeavur to L'oaeeaL C&e moat ^race-
fiil t^i^ire ami die oujst betuici^il inrtSL inuuriiuible. die
was- a □ymph. raChur thiia a wuamn. H^r ejifs seemed to
reflect. a» in a niJxcuc. the oufeknetA^ .xad. puritr ot' hur mind
aod the gpodness ut* hec heart. >fau cetrei^ed luf witii an.
open tn^QUuuHoess whii:li •leGghced tue. and die luw uf tba

:^tof I ■BWn—it." lie.. pwbUMhia m ::7r. a"UK<ii':tM[>r4MitB' rarawin Utiud* I»iftDa."BB
tWllii*»: litiratnuri Jutln '^aUtiUi .Immm Umnnn. -In1i1m>1 Unnnm, H*n|irain Bmuon,
Mr. Mamtum. '.'tiaritB WlcktuuB, Sr. >:liiin*. .lunMtiHi II— iiia .UoTWBOr' XUbuiM
WMIim. WiJIcr tiBirtuB, )l(ilM>n l^iwrtin, Vr. Uwlcer, .Iwmx Hi injMii. Hr. Lupwb Mr.
KUw. Kr. IhmltT, Mr. -?«un, Imm: l^mun. .UmbMn ttalHayit. Jmmm Ptntcr, .lolinj
livorinct Vr. loiBuii, (iturgtii llbnc. Vr. 'iMiliL Xr. nillBstaMt, Tlfcii— ■ HauUitir, W11-
ItUB HeawiMt, luLiu Iluiuttr, .Vr. UBiUr>, itudnrw UMbwBu, Xr. X'trnm, Ur, !«*imm4I
Urm utU Mr. Waiuuu.

OUR FRKNCH ALMES.

£59

fkinilinr word Mow, which the rules of hor sect prescribed,
gave to our new nrf|imintHnrQ tk(^ appenranco of nn old
friendship."

The roiirersntion of Miss lAwton. marked by candor and
originality, seems to biivo been scarcely loss fascinating than
hor personal appearnnco. The diacourao turned upon the
existing war, whirh the fnir confabulnnt appears not to have
viewed with favor. Siid she. "AVe ought never to interfere
in other people's hutiincss, unlrss it bo to reconcile then)
together and pi-eveiit the eft'usion of blood."

"But," replied the Count. " My King has ordered mo to
come here tmd engage his enemies and your own."

"Thy King, then," rejoined Miss T^wton, " orders thee to
do a thing M-hieh is unjust, inhuman, and contrary 1o what
thy God ordereth. thou (-liouklst oWy thy GtK3 and disoliey
thy King, f<ir he m a King to preserve and not to tlestroy.
I am sure that thy wife, if she have a good heart, is of my
opinion."

" What," exclainia the Coimt , " could I reply to that angel ?
For in truth, I was tempted to believe that she waa a celes-
tial being. Certain it is, that, if I bad not l)eon married and
happy, I should, whilst coming to defend the libt>rty of the
Americans, h.ivc lost my own at the feet of I'olly Ijciton."*

There must bare been a magical charm in the manners
and conversation of Miss IjUwLon, for them to have obtained
auch supremacy in the regards of all who were admitted to
her society. The Prince de Broglie, who visited her in New-
port, says : " She enchanted us all ; and although evidently
little conscious of it, was not at all sorry to please those
whom she graciously called her frionds I con-
fess that this seductive Lawton appeared to me to l» the
cAf/ tTteuvrr of nature ; and whenever I recall her imoge, I
am tempted to write a great book against tlie finery, the

*A wauaanlpl nutr iNi Ihr i»ar)il> nf llv lolmui' fmni wliluli I •jiiulr mji lliat lihT «dk

2fiO nHOlJE I8L.AM> IN THE UEVOI.UTION.

fautjtious jfi'iR-vs, and tbu L-oqiiotry vf iimiiy Iiulicd whom the
world aditiires."

But though !wt in sympathy with the war-spirit, Polly,
like her fiithor, was tVicndly to Uic cause of the coh)ines, aud
hotli of tliom did all they could, consistently with their relig-
ious principles, to aid it. Whilu the British wore in posses-
sion of Xowpoi-t, IVlly united with a (.-lull of younf; women
in sccmtly mnniifHOturing clothing, moccasins, shoes and
stoukingfi from old fell hntji, rags, carpets, and any other
materials they could procure, for the Khode THhniil troops
in New Vork, and these were as secretly forwarded to their
destination by her father and Kliitha Anthony, of Warwick.*

Polly Lawton, in 1787, married John Bringhurst, of Phil-
adelphia. Tl»e wedding waa a line social event, the festivi-
ties I>eingkr'pt up fnr.«cvcr!il dnys. Bringluii"st belonged to
one of the best families of Phihidolphia, and like hia bnde.
he was H Quaker. Polly was very happy in her marriage and
in her social life. She had the entree to the ivrcsidontial
mausioa, by having been introduced to Washington at New-
port, and hy meann of her husband. Two uhildrcn were
horn of the marriage, but bolh died young, and there are
no descendants of Polly Lawton living. She died at Phil-
adelphia on the 1 1th day of the 2d montli, 1 7it3, nged thirty-
two years, three months and Ihreo days. It is said that
Bringhnrat never ivcovered fnim the loss of Ins wife, and
that his donth, which occurred a sh(u-t time ailtcr her own,
wasdue toabroken heart. Her miniature, painted in 17D0,
he ivlways curried with hiui,ntlaclicd toarnnlan)und his neck,
and when he died, it was delivered to the Lawton family. t

Mr. Anthony I.iawt»n,a grandson of Kol>ert Lawton, the
father of I*olly, is living in Troy, N. Y. To him I am

•'ITiU caieri« of tlw "ItnuRliifn vf I.IIhtIv," wiilioal aay fbrniiil or|ni"li»'on, «••
lUtrilur ruHr anil rJiiuhclh I.BuMn, l'Bl{ri>ri! K»t(iii, ;llia. tirorpr Irtili.) ."ftUr EutoB.
(Mn. JohtiLnild. o.rA]p»i»nclria,Vii..l Ktbabi-th Anllion)-, (Mn'.<1irUloplwr C. Rotihuon,
of boulli KlaffilotriiJ Uury .Volhonr, {>Ir*. Koilmliii liimlnrr.l Unrtha Itf^dwood. {Hn,
ChrlilnplKT *i. rliaiii|illiij Miiu Mar^ri'I (.'liiirii|>1ln, <Mr«. Itriijamlu MiMOn.1 luid niftn;

tA llft--«UGt>or[rn1t.copl''<tfron> lliin inhilalurt'. If In Ihn Hcdwdud I.tltrary, Ncirport.

OUR KKKNCil ALLIES.

861

indchted for interesting jwilkulanj used in the foregoing
uiirraltve, and also for pemijssiaii to huvo niiule u photo-
graphic copy of the ininiHliire porlrnit of Mrs. Brin^hurni,
with which this volume is embellished. In a private note he
says* "My aunt's name was Mary Ann Lawton. Her
awimiintancc and ft-iends called her Polly." By thiJi co^o-
men, as a belle of Newport, she will uver be known,

Kliziihoth I -awton, though leHs atirarlive than her sister,
was a rcmarkRhly fine looking woman, tdll and slondcr, with
a carria^ of unusual j^race and frcntilily, heijrhteuud iiy kq
clogant simplicity of attire. Not withstu ailing her numerous
admirers, she died unmarried.

The Misses Hunter, — Klizn, Katherine and Nancy, — were
the daughters of Dr. William and Delxii*ah Hunter, and by
their feminine graces no le»a tlian by their liejiuty mid men-
tal culture, were ornaments of the circle in which they
moved. Dr. Hunter, an eminent physician of Newport, had
been dead three years when the French allies arrived. His
widow, a daughter of Colonel Godfrey Malboue, inhei-itcd
much of her fiithcr's taste and generous hospitality.*

*A parlrait uf Dr. Hunter, now lu pourwion of his ervaNgrau'diwii, Dr. Wltlinm llublrr
ftlRkhvod, of Xvwpiirt, r«pr«t«nl« lilm a, ilnriwil In Om flnfiliol nwluiw uf ■ )[i?iirU>inBD
ef lhcilv>ii&d wcwlm Ab»«t vi\g. llUooaiiivnniicr, lalil Ui. Dnilii Kiiijt. In ui wliIrtM

bdbK the niioda IiIbuiI M(i1j<.-hI ■'UrlitT In IKTV. '' iimj iipvn. lianilvjiiit &<iil manlT. Jicir.
port ««• In tbp li«1gli[ u( 1(4 vunimrn^lal j>ru*itrr1tT ttlipu lir luuk iif dU rr*><lpim [u ll>«
town. .\ protprroiia fAlc nkRrd tilm on to fartuii*. Ilr *IJkiicl lilditplf by morriAKtt tooiw
ortbo MiMi dUlli>Kuli1icil,H(HiMfa}-and BrUlocratlr fttoiIIiM In (lu- ralony,— tliat Dr(i<HUVe7'
lUbva*. He oitJciTcd •»««■»• In bl» pntailoii, Kud (■rviiH.-rltr in kl> lnmUj, iltl [li» llinva
W*r« OTprcs*1, elnu'li-il kinl darkmrd bj prfMicra, li»limliaiiii aikI Itirralrntniri or Hi*
VTmrol (h* lti>«olui!i>n, Dr. Iliiutrr, imhalil} fViiiii an rail} rx\irrlriir^ of thf dUaalroua
HlTMti of iiD|iu1»r ilrltifloii In ?ici>ll»oi1, wiv<, rroin ilir lint apprftr»nfle of oar irunblct, an
nii*u,aliold aadaiiMDljaitTHinlr furllir KullojifijurUrrat Udtaiii. lljllirM-mnilliliillrr.
HIM* li« oAniM Iha 'Son* ur Llburlv' ami lh« iMirlullv pBrlj'. On JaniiM'v 31, 1777, tit
ilicil, n/ltf « tbart lltn«M,(ronift puirli] rrtvr ruinirwcinl ■hitH triaii<M>dMi<M at int .\niir
Hofpltal, BfnJ Ibrljr.tbnr jeiu*, ]t« <nm t,ur1«l In THnll; chuitli.yartt."

Thv Nvntport Gmtrtt*, |niUUlicd by thr Brilla'i BUlliurlIitri> vlillc Sii iiiillraTr owupatlon
of Ihe litaiidtfr Ithoile Ulaod, dufillKi lilni AH aeu- " In wliun fuawotralril all IIhm« vir-
Iuoi wljlcbailom tltr jMlrlot, IIif liuthand, anil oonipiMf IIif panrut lliv |iaClpuc«

wllh irhJOj lu bur* iliv nJBur anil uiijirovolud lUMlla tf lil* uuuMr] mrn dcM-Mp* nvry
aaeemlnm, and pprli'iM ihr gnadiKta at liU dbpoattlon b not lu anjr ln«iau(c more con-
•fittmraa than In furliraKii| lo rptnllair (be Injuiim of nan}' arhom the rvMorallun uf the
IWtliafttf uf till Koicrrlmi bail (ilaoiyl lu hi) puwcr."

Dr. Hnntrr, tlipfsilii-t, «■• ilir ilinl it, •lr)Ui-f a rnnrw -4 iinillrnl «n,l ■nirfcl'al Ifvlnrri,

Orit FRENCH AU.IX8.

26a

oldc>4t, vho is nn« of tho mo9t :)miflMft persons I hiiro ever
mot." ■

As nn offset to thin disolnimer of the tender ])iifyiHHi, criid-
ihlo tnulitiun affii-ins tbat (lie im]>rci^eiuii made on hU henrt
by Miss Kalhenno, to whom he «poc!idly refers, was stronger
tlifiu ordiniiry /i-ieiHlsiifp, and that on the night of ihe dny
previously to leavitij^ Rhode Ulutid lor his own country, ho,
with chamcteriatic gullanlry, rode froui Vr(>vi{Ienoo to New-
port, that he might puss a final hour in lier society.

The Prince do IJrogUe, who was enraptured with the
i.-hHnua of Miss Chuiiiplin, speaks of the Misses Hunter as
her rirais in reputation nnd in hcjuity. The elder, Kli^u, be
rcmBrk8 in criticism, "dresses iit least iia well as Miss
Cbamplin,'' though he adds "nut quite »o freshly, perhaps."
Nancy ho denuininates "a rose in person."

In 1781), Madame Hunter, accompanied hy her daughters,
went to Europe to see if anything eould be done to snve the
eyesight of Kli^ta, tlion threatened witli blindness. They
never rctnnied to America. Kotherine mniTicd the Count
de Cardigan, a French nobleman of the old n^gime. A
miniature portrait of her, contained in a locket set with gur-
naU, shows her to have been a very lovely woman. Xancy
became the wife of M. Falconet, an eminent banker of
Naples. f A miniature of Kliza, paintc<l I>y Cojdey, repre-
sents her H» even more beautiful than ICatherine. iShe never
nwrried. Devoted to literature, her eyes were affected by
clcue application, and total blindnctu; came upon her. Yet
90 brilliant were the orbs, and so tittle did tbey betray the
calamity that bud befallen her, that strangers uninformed of
it, when introduced to her, did not readily detect it. She was
accomplished in musie, and so quick and retentive had her

• UciiMir*, KrciMli Rd., [*»■*, WGU ; p. »7.

|Thrl_'auul itu (.'mkIIj^ui t* uiulontooil lu Iwvp •mBpml Ihr nulllollu* in tbv rhiDijof Ihe
VrMieh R«v<i1ii|loi>- AMinb»c«i(DP Uii oIDmt In I1<( French iFnl<n.'. Hjidauw I'mkoiM-t
Ind KVirral olilldrtn. Oof iliDKbltT iros niAirlinl loCi^uiil Ponrlali-*, In V»tit, naUble Air
tbr rxlrot arKi ll»> gnat tbIdi- ••( 1il> mllprll'in uI mi In^aium. AiKilbPT ■luii|(lilt'r timnv

iha wlh ul .I'iImi Imnl MMdJi-iuu, *^l ituutli C'aiulliM.

1. TTi-t. ae-

---■-.::■ . *E1>~

; :;■: .1

: '.s.--

OUR FKKycit ALLIES.

2W

of ail eai'ly disuppointnienl. With tlie second daughter,
Molly, ft cousin, su the aiory runs, lull in love, but the rules
of thfi Soriety forbade a uniou of those so near ukin, and he
was forced lo subdue his passion as best he could. It is
said, that on one occiiaioii, after going from hor presence,
his dcaiiv to renew the interview was so strong, that he
allowcil himself to fall from the ferry-boat into the w^ter,
that in the immcrr^iuti lui mi<,'ht fiii<l »n ewuHc for retuniing 1
Whether this jirdor of aft'cctioti was reciprocated is unknown,
but probably it was not. 'I'lie object of it was subsequently
luurricd to Mr. John Mortuii, a wealthy member of tlie Sot'i-
ety of Friends in I'hiladclphia, and became distinguished as
a preacher and a philuntlii-opist.

Mchetal>el Kedwood was as marked for i)er.sonal beauty as
for brilliance of mind. I'ei'sons now living, who knew her
personally in Inter yeai-s, iitfirm that the ;;Iowing descriptions
of her charms, handed down from her contemponiry admir^
crs, could not have been cxHggei'ations. She uiarried Jten-
jamin Kllery. A daughter of this union married Hon.
Onistopher Grant Champliri. brother of the Miasea Champ-
Uo, already menlioued.

Margaret Champlin waa the daughter uf Christopher
Champlin, as before said, an enteqirising and u Hiicccssfnl
merchant of N'ewport, who owned, lived and <lied in (he
house No. 11!> Thames street, which he ptueliused of (he
hcir-i of William Brenton, in 17*>7, the yenr of his morriage
to Margaret Gnmt, daughter of Sueton Grunt, who was
killed by the "ginipowdor accident," so called, in 1744.*
Mrs. Grant was a woman far above the avonige in noble

*Hr. Cliun|9Ua wm afuu ul Ctiiirtupliur >iiil M«nuuli iJlMiiipllii, ef Cl>»rivH«iru, R. I.,
whm- lie wu boru. ]|e eKrijr nonoTed to >i«'Wt>oil. II« w w IVivldtitt of llw Huk 01
lUiod* Tilaikl, aiid ilHlInt Gnuid Mulpr of ItwMaMMik- rrarcriilt; lu llie Slalv. Heillvd
on (tit 3Mti lit Aprl\. iwe. In tlie wvcnlr-fiftti }«» iif lib ajp. nntl III* imnalai w*r« dvpw-
lIcxttullicNurtli n>i>U1CrAiiiii1 Anr>blliinrr doIIiv i>r liim -«•., ■- tii* oliAnoMr WW i-ul
«< putiUa Muiucw;! . tiui ut prhale vmrUi."—\aDfnir1 ifcrcnrj.

Sf!6

kFIOOK ISI^NP IN TUB REVOLUTION.

traits, and her diitighters anJ gniuUdaughters were worthy
descendants. Mr. Chuuiplni hud one son nnd three dniigh-
ter«. The son was the late Christopher Grant Chatuplin, who
took an active imi-t in tlic iiffairs of ihe Sljite, nnd was six
years a prominent Rcpre.sentative and Scnjitor in Congress,
was president of Khudc Island Union Itank, and a member
of (he Soeiely of the Ciiitinntiti. He <^idni]ted at Harvanl
University, and spent seveiid years in Kumpe, ]jririci])ally nt
Ihe CollefTc at St. Omars. He miirritHl a ciHii<'hter of Ben-
jamin and MeJietabel Redwood Ellery, and <lied without
issue in I?*-IO, in ihi': soveiily-scfund yviw of Wis a^'c, univer-
sally lionored for senipnUnis iutcyrlty, piililip spirit, warm-
hearted heuevoleuce, and tlie kindly virtues of social and
domestic life. His et<tule on Mary street was suhsequently
owned and ottcupied by the late Lieutenant-Governor Dun-
can C\ Pell.

At the time the French M'crc in Newport, i^lr. Cliamplln's
daughters, Marj^ai-et, Mary and Klizal)eth, had grown to be
lovely girls, and the father's hospitalities were gnieiously
extended, to the oflifei's of the French and American forces.

Mary Chamjilii^ married n Bvitiwh oflicer named Well, and
went to Knghuid, where she died. Klizabeth married John
Cofliii .lotios, of Hiwton, where hyr desc^Midants estill reside.-
The three sisters were all highly accomplished, and particu-
Inrly ^^a^g,■^ret. .She spoke French fluently, and had a
line tast« for literature, and a large correspondence. She
preserved her letters up to the time of the war of 1812,
when fearing thai Uie Ilritish would again take posi«ession of
Newport, and knowing that in thnt case her own house,
wheR' the family of Commodore O. II. Perry then resided,
would in alt pi-obability be searched, site committed her
lai'gc collection of papers to the flames. When the <Ianger
had passed, she greatly regrctled this hasty step, as must
all who rend the.'ie pages. Amongst her papei-s were iett«rH
fmm aome of tlio most dij<lingui»bed men and women of the
day, including a valentine from Kosciusko. This was sent

OUR FRR>'CII AU.IK^.

Sfi7

to her in a box of ni(»lhor-of-pc>arl, inliiiJ wilh j;ol(l, und
lined with tUe mimo, wliicli is n««' in the p08sej*sion of ft
gramlrtfpri. (.ii'rir<»y <'. Mnsoii, Kw)., of Xe-wp<»rt. Iter well-
stored mind, fiwciimting inaiun-rs, and convcrsationnl poM--
ers, luwle her society very nttrnL'tivo.

Margaret iniiiried Dr. llenjaniiti Mason, a menrhnnt of
Newport, who was connocled witli tlie^ prominent families of
that iitime in Ito&tnn. Di\ Matron studied medicine with Dr.
liMWC ('enter, early took a leading place in the profession,
and died nndcr forty years of ajje, from too close u devotion
to hh profession. He loll a wichiw wilh four children. Ttio
eldest duuj^htcr. Kli/.al>etb t'hamplin, uiarriecl Commodore
O. II. I'erry. The eldest son, lienjiimiu, died In 1826, The
3"oungcst,<iriuit, died nt twenty-one. The other son, Geoip;
Chnuplin, married a duii^hter of llie late Benjamin It. Mum-
ford. The descendants of Mrs. Maeou are Oliver II.
Perry; Afrtt. Frank Vintoti, Bnioklyn, X. Y. ; llenjaminA.
Mason and Geori^t; C. Mason. Thetto are j/randehildrcn.
Of great-grandchildren there is a number. Mrs. Manon
was of slight liguro and of strong constitution. Iler last
sickness, wbicli wad of slioi-t duration, was the only illness
slie had known through life. She was seventy-five yoare old
when she died, had never worn glassosi and retaine<l all her
teeth until ahont two yeiirt before hor death , when she lost
one or two.

The Prince Do Bruglie, on the eve of liia depailuru from
the country, visited Newiwrt. With the appeamnce of the
town he was delighleil, and pronounced it "u charming
place." Ilis introduction to it^ society he thus describes :

"Tliat Hunie evi-ulu;:, )t. Vauban intmilnccti va «i ibc hoiLte of &[r.
Champlaln, well L-notigh knnwn to as far liltt wMlth liut inacb more known
In ibe army for the lovHy fa« ofhl-* tlMghter. Shewna not In the dniw-
InS-rootn At the inoinciu of our srrtVAl, but Khfi KppCArod an iiiitlAnt ancr.
It la uselt^Mt lo »ay that we exnmltiefl Iier with allentlon, ulilch vtna to
treat her liitudxonirlj. for Itiu rnnilt of oiir obttvrvnlton wiu to (inil Hint
Khc hud bvatitlAil eyes mid nn atircc«tilc mouth, a lovely face, a line lls<ir<T.
« I'retty foot, nnd the ^ueml cflTeci alco^ther attmcUve. :^lie additl to

tA«

BHOPE IflT.AKP ry THE BETOI-mO!*.

all tbrae xdvaoUicpH that of beinjE dresMd uhI colff(« <f Itb U»l«. thmt Is to
■ay Id the French r«)>hli}n, bcwldes vrhteh «lia xpokc unit nmlrniootl oQr
inagatge.

•• We rendered to her chinns th« tribute of idmlratfoti mkI polite clvfl-
Ity dao to Ihetn, and tlicii hiutened off Tor the purpose oT Miyiiis: JuM nboot
the flame thiuji cuii(-er»iuK the Miost^N llnrildr. who were her rlvala In
beaut}' Ami in rrpuutluii.

" EnctmDted with these drst DpeclmciLS o( Kowport, we returned bome
at an early hour. Vaubaii proitilsed us nomLthlag crao better for the uezt
daj, and be kept Ula word. Without oaylne where be mu condacUng ns,
be took on to n house where an old genlleman. vct7 serloos, very slleut,
recelTCd na without taklitg off hiii hat, bade tis tit down wllhonl compU-
n«Dtt, and onl; RD.«wered In moDO»j'lla'>l<^'< to tbe obscrratlonr which we
addreHsctI to him.

"This (Irst Interview ftecmcd to us rery c|iicer. and wc begnn toftnspcct
that we mii^t he In the hon<!e of a Quaker. Just thco the door opened,
and In came the very cnrldesa of ;e:racc and hrituty. It wa.ii Minerva her*
wir who had eschaufted her warlike vesttnenta for the chnmis of a simple
abepherdeM. Her name was Polly Lnwton. Accordluji to the custom of
ber sect, when ehi' spoke to us iihe uncd ' thou,' but with a grace and sim-
plicity only to he compared to that of her eo»tumc. ThU wan ti Npeeles
of Engtlwh gown, pretty close to the figure, white 95 milk, an apron of the
name whilcnesn, a fichu very full mid flrmly rastetiCNl. Her Itejid-dreM Vfoa
a almple little cap of very flue inuelln, plaited and pas&ed around the head,
which allowed only half an incb of hulr to be vi^ihle, but which had the
effbct of giving to Polly the air of a Holy Virgin.

" She aecmed to be In no renpect conscloun of her chtimiA. She 5poke
with cjue, and 'tboucd' like the (Junkept Uic most unaffected and polite
reuiarkft. She endianled alt of no. which nhe discovered, and did not
appear dtsaallafled nt pleasing those that she kindly called her n-lendfi.

" Polly bad a slater dressed like herself, and of n very oKreciiblc appear-
ance, hut one had riol the Ume to look at her while her elder niiiter was
present.

" MIm Driii!i:'y, Miss Sylvan, and some oilier ladivM, to whom I was
Introduced, alter having quilted the lorelj- Quakeress, convinced me that
Xewport possessed more than one rooehnd "

Isnbel \Vaix\ was married to Captain Hiixford Mnrchant.
She WAS one of the patriotic women of the period. From
her private rosourccs, in an hour of need, pho loaned to the
colonial goveriimt'nt r; conriidenililc sum of money, which
was subsequently repaid.

Amey M'ard, horn September 12, 1741, man-iefl Saninc!
Vernon, a prominent Newport merchant. She died January

Om FBEVCn AI.UKS.

S«fi

17, 171)2, ill her weverity-fittti year. The issue of this mar-
riftgc was eleven children, five of whom died young. Their
daughter. Mary, was mnrrifd to t hristopher EUery, brother
of VVillinm Kllery, the si^ier of the neclarntion of Inde-
pondeme. Another daughter, Ainey, was married to Sam-
uel King, a distinguished portrait painter, — "iiislnictor of
Allston and MaHioiip." Still another dnngtiter, Ann, "one
of the spriglilliesl wits of Xew[H)rt colonial society," was
married, October 23, 1786, to Dr. David Olyphant, who, at
the breaking out of the Revolution, became Medical Direc-
tor of the BiTnies of the Carollnaa, under Generals Gates
and Greene. He was alsso a member of the Rhode Island
Society of the Cincinnati. After the war, he took up his
roaldcnre in Newport, ntid ocT<upied the house on Church
street, which still bears his name, and which U now* occu-
pied by the Reverend Thatcher Thayer, D. D.t These five
hidieswere numbered among the graces of Newport society.

Polly (or Marj') Wanton was ft daughter of John G. and
Molly (Hull) Wanton, and a gmnddanghier of Governor
Gideon Wnnton. Her fntherwas dislingutsbed nsa success-
ful merchant in Newport, and while the town was occupied
by the French allies, his home became the daily scene of a
generous ho^pitidity. Her mother, a daughter of Governor
Henry IJuU. was a woman of tine prnsonce, and hold a prom-
inent position in the highest circle of society. At her bap-
tism in infancy. Uishoj) Berkeley, u friend of lier father,
stood godtiither. Ab a inemorial of this event, she presen'ed
with great care, during hor life, a copy of the Bishop's
"Minute Philosopher." She died in North Providence,
March 12, 1821, in the ninety-third year of her ago.

Polly inhci-ited all the attntctive riualilics uf her mother.
A sim]>lc garb set off a sylph-like form to great advantage.
With dainty feet and hands, with a face that in beauty and

•Marrh, Ihs.

t KM EOnft Vtr*»a (imMlscr.

fU(|Wti«Biv^ a \l.Jj%. uu^lit katv rnvknl, »x»d with a mind
lufinod by imreAi) culture, many enthutuastic yom^ Freoch
offeen ir«n> dnv« to her prMeaoe as to a duiae. Bot
fton tke«e iJke tuived aad gave htr hand ia maniage to Col-
tnel JDtwiel L>iBaa, CUef of Staff ia G«aml Hcatk's Hifi-
tnty- hmiiy.* la cktae iaIi—CT aritk her fired a rafattre,
Poi^y IhiU, a tmu^ voMaa of atteat^ire prma and ■■■-
Mca. Betv««B thcMte tvo &rt fitiwde, a Tnmik iihriiii af
tfca fiHaw (k«« tfca fiilfewai^ dntiactiM: 'FtoBr BmB k
vary haadboMe, but ^»fl^ Waatoa ia T«iy chanM^ aad
cUBaiag,'' aaiag the vocd " cvaaia^ ** ia tha seam of haag
■lienor m ateil^eace.t

Culie Hill, the huipaable hooM of John Coffins^ Gov>
«ator from 17«ti to 1790, waa ande particiilariiy aUnotiro
bjr the preaeooe of a haikieoaie fimale priatiwi and of her ftn^
inine social ooi^miuoos. The dbtaooe fron the oenteraf
the tpWB afiKded a pleanot OMMaing or afieiBOoa gpOop fiir
t|W(^w«aoftheamy. CaUawata themfiira fraqaent. One
dv* a Freocb oOoer, aoeooqinoied by Sfigor L/niaa, nde
cm to the charaung home to pay hie nepeeta to the ladies.
Om appmachii^ the boote, the Fnaehman chaUeaged the
Va^ot to join turn in Umpia^ the fenee in front, which cha^
Icoge he accefHed. The FrHkchniaD led. I{i» hofae waa
tuw^ual to the effort, aati fell, throwict^ tm rider upon the
lawn, much to the aaui.<M;ment of the voung ladiea, who,
iMiated at the wiodowg, had waic-he^l thit specioKD of bis

•AaU. p. .-iL

t Mr*. Ljm^a waa th* mutbtr at tlnrt*** rUAi», lia. : Aauc Mmtm, rMmwl 1» Ueb-
Wd tL, Itwtdrtpli, '>f Vlr|i»i)i> Hs nuied is 5npan. IlNiriM, i^nicd lo nt^jiMlw

Itoxwd. >jf .lavpurt, laMfta, Mm^n*, n^hrntA to -' ' ArmalO, ut ffwilMHii. nuw-

sCaeUmr; I'ailr, /irMarj,, Quaninl to Jacob Da»Mii, of the igt^ri ■rfMwietfi. mercb—t ;
EttM, 'Ikil mamMrriml; TbosMa. merdiwu, 'Ikil ■»— irird; Jolw WaaM^ mBmhaat Bad
iwaaufajauoT, mairiol KUia, i—fliMT a[ .••Mil WJieauw. nC rtiiMliari ; L>aiuel. met-
cltaU. 'iteri niunaniMl; llrvj l(«U. mirafatt»»T, nMirwd CanliMr. liaaghttT of i-lUsbs
{•rar. of fr«*iilKfi«Bi r iiiln, riiwiih il m [1 rim^iill Tirilatliail. nf I'rnriitiBrr Sail;,
nuuTlail lAtjoveraor Lnawti H.Amoidi JnU> Maria, mwriitio Jot* H.f ■Man, of >"<w-
poft; Kadij, (thai jouof, la IWJ. ihare wwa, «o far a* tofM ba ■■ctrtiiwMl. 4,to p«c»om
ll*UiK uf tlM nana of f.r»M>-

OUR FltRNCIl ALLIRS.

271

horsemanship, and eijually (u his mortifieation iit the ludicrous
plight in which ho appeared liefore them. Major Lyniati fol-
lowed, his horse cleiiriiig the feuce with ease. No second
attempt ut this kind of uiiiusement was made.

In Newport stK-iety of this period the name of Channing
will Le remenil>ored as amung the foremost representative
families. Wiliiam ('banning, son of Jnlm Channing, and
grandson of John, who came to Newport in 1715, was bom
in that towi]. May ;tl, 17->1. lie wiis pn^pared for C'oUego
at PhilliiJS Academy, Andovcr, Mnss., imd entered Prince-
ton College, from which he was gi-ndiiated in l7tJ9. .Select-
ing tlie law for his profession, he studied with .\ttomey-
General Oliver Arnold, an eminent lawyer of Providence.
He took a high I'lmk in his [irufessioti, and fur twelve years
held the office of Atiomey-General of his native State.

In lilM Im was ajjpointed by Washington the lii-st I'nitcd
States DIrilriet Attorney, under the Otnatitnlion, for the
Dislnct of Khodc lalaiid.

Mr. Channing, nays the Honorable Afilier Itubbins, " wae
well read in the law, especially in the forms of pleading.
Law caae-s were bis favorite reading, even for amusement.
Ho had n large library, and one well selceted. He was very
popular in the State. Ills manner of speaking at the bar
«'as rapid, vehement and imprcnisivo. lie had an exteti^ive
pnietiee, attended all the eonrt^j of the SlJile ivgiihirly, and
was considered, for several years before his death, aa the
leading eomisel of tlie .'^tiite."

In 1~73 Mr. Channing married Lucy Ellery, diuighter of
William Kllery, who, by her gracos of person and mind
gained in her father's family before marriage, and in her
own ufterwanlii, a duaurved rank among the atLractive
fenijtius of the best .society. The issue of this alliance was
eleven children, nine of whom wore living at the time of
Mr. Clianiiiiig's death. Two of his sons became flergyiuen,
viz. : \Villuim Ellery Channing^ cuiiiieni and honored

OUR FttRNCH AI.I.IK8.

S78

Conrnntioii ndoptcd tho Fodcrul CouBtUiition ; atitl tliu
cnthiiam&m of that moment I can never forget. My fnther
eotored n-itb his whole heart into tbut imbounded cxiilti-
tion."

An obitunry noliec of Mr. Chnnning, published in the
Newport Mercury of September 20. 1793, says: "The
approviiiof iinil nniwiimous voire of his fellow-citizens, in the
vari<»us and important ofliccH he has sustained, has rendered
his rhametcr tw) conspienoiis to lie diitiiiuHhed by envy or
heightened by praise."

The Miascs Miilbotic, daughters of the I[onorable l-'nincis
UlaUmne, were in siieicly, and were admired for attractive
feminine qnalities. One of them wns miiiTied lo Lord t^tan-
hope, of England. Mias Kitty Malbonc was married to
Mr. Jiilins AiilK)ynean. Mr. Midbono was for several
years a member of C'onjriTss. nnd died suddenly of heart
diseune, in ^Vu^hiugton. June 1<. IN0£*, while standing on
the stejis of the cnpilot.

Mrs. YAiztx [Arnold] .Senler, wife of I>r. Isaac Senter,
shared in the et^teeni in which women, distinguished for
beauty of person and refinement of mind, were held. Dr.
^nter Mas bom in Ltnidontlerry, N. II., in Ihe year
17'>M. lie wua with Arnold, us a surgeon in hia tiinious
march through the wilderness to (^tieltec, in 1775. After
retiring from Ihe army, in 177ti, ho settled in Cranslont
R. I., and wiitt appointed Stu*geou and IljysTcian Ociicral
of the State. lie removed thom'c to Newport, whei-e
he died I>wember 21, I7!t!t, aged forty-six years. Ho
attained to groat eminence in his profession, and was for
several yeans President of tlie lihorle Inland Society of the
Cincinnati. Mrs. Sonier was a <langliter of Captain Khodes
Arnold, of Pawtuxet, R. I. She wjis Ihe mother of four
sons and two dnuglitnrs. The ^onn were Horace Gates,
B physician of distinction, Nathaniel (Jreene, Edwartl fiil>-
»

S74

RHODE ISLA>'U 1*1 THE HEV01.UTX0N.

son, a tttiidont of metlicine, and ChBrles Churchill. His
eldest daughter, ¥Mxa Antoinette, was raarned to the Iftte
K«v. Xiilhan Utiunie Crocker, D. D., nf Providence Ilia
second daii<(btor, Sariib Ann, was married to Clement Himt,
£«q., of the Uoited States navy.

The mimes now given l»,v no means exhaust the list of
"Nowpnrt liclles in 178rt." Other* migrlit, doubtless, be
added who received honia^ from numerous admirers, and
who imparted to society a distinction thiit n century has not
eelipacd. "ITie youth of to-ihiy, wliiise liighcMt praise for
hU fair pnrtner of the cotillion is often that $he is *nn
awtidly goot.1 fetluw,* lias little kintihip with hi:) ancestor,
who used to wait »t the street corner to see the ultject of his
devotion go Ity under the convoy of her father and mother
(ind a couple of faithful colored footmen, thinking himself
happy, meiinwhile. if his divinity gave him a shy glance.
The gay girl of the period, who scarapei-s in her pony
eliatse down the avonno, from one engagement to the other,
and whoso most sacred confidence lit apt to he that she
adorcji horses and loves 'pottering about the stable,' is,'
with all her ciiarms, F|ulte dilferciit from the bhishing Iitite
beauty of 1780, who, in powdered hair, quilted petticoiat,
and high red-heeled shoes, gave her lover a modest little
glance at the street corner, thinking il" a nidst delicious and
unforejieen bit of romnnce to have a lover at all. But other
times, other manners, and nineteenth century men and
women are no doubt as charming in their way as were our
pretty anceati-csses and their gallants of a century ago."

OUB FKENCn ALME8.

275

A PRIVATEKRINIi EPISODE.

THK WEOKfiE WASUINOTON.— THE FIK8T ("RITISK.— UKCKPTION
AT NKWfDKT.— NOTICE OP CAKTAIN Ml'NKO.-SKETCH OF
CAPTAIN WILLIAM DROWNE.

JIVEKGIXG briefly from the regular uaiTative, place is
here given to a luival ndvcntiire whirh incidentally
connects itaclf with tbe early tlays of the Freiicli fleet at
Newport. Privuteeriug bus atrcudy bueu uioiitioried' as till-
ing a place in occim warfare that the small continental navy
was inadequate to supply. It was entered iutu largely in
Providence and in Newport, as it was in Uoston, Snleu],
Marhtchcad, and otber miintimo towns u|ion the Atlantic
const. In Providence, Mr. John llrown built and lilted out
on his own acionnt a ship which he named thc"(iencral
Washington," and which he sent on a cruise under the com-
mand of Captain James IVhinru, with a crew, including oAi-
cers, of one hundred and sixteen roen-f

The vessel was "Iniilt upon the new constniction," and
was fitted out in the most thorough manner. She mounted
nineteen six-pounder guns, and bore for her figure-head the

•Ante. p. 1".

t In irrN CnplBlii MntiM eonauBted tbe [irlrair rlilp uf *itr iiic Blait (.Utli:. In lut
cngijcvinvnt wllli Urllbh ahip* he was raniiwUml la ■iirrrndci. Htuitclf ami Ilic mw
wi-rv carrlnl iuin llalUas, and dctaJatfl Ui Jail «nill cx«hao|vil for jirtfoiicn cuiiilii«4 mi
binani a prlnon aMp In rrovldcncw. ItrtJde* (tii? lirorral W«*)ilng1(ro, I aplaln Hntira
eonniMiiilHl actrral oibnr iiHratiw**, ami randrrxl Tlcormii nBral H-rricpi iliiTinii (ho ■«'.

U« marrM In New l^odou, O.. bM llral wtflr, Mary .and bud otic nm, .lamri. Mnv

30, I77t. Ilr marrlrd tromiil. Marcli It, l;7t,IMiTCGaSni)«.daii(titcror 1!r*. Joarpli and
Rflicceii Snixr, vf Proit lilnif*. ilir liriiW tbrii Mng wVNiIMn j**r* n( ugr, Thalr diUdiwl
wvtw llvnjAQili)', born Julrxs. 1771; l(iit>H«a, born Kovembcr ID, ITTV; raitr, bonJanez,
lift: Harriet A., born Jun*^ A, 1.89; Jo*rpti. buTU Anpitl i, IThT; Kdtaianl, iHiru June a>,
i;wl. AflpT lna*lD( th« iipa,i.:ap(Bla Uunro vDBaRi^il rxlputivr)^ U tinMat-a>, uni5i*r itiii Urm
of Sdow. MuDroaiiil Siiuw. In lIiUbewa<uu(oriiiiini«'. UI* bunae tfOAd «d Wt#iiuln*tFr
■liwC, btlwvpti AbuTQ ajid SnuK (trTPla. Vr at onr tiiar nwuMl Iba "Chaplu fiuin." now
within tbn WMi«re IlinlU of Uiv city of t*roi|ik«w.

276 EHODE I3LAXP IS TItE RETOLmoS.

e^y of Generd Wa^n^^on. Sibc suled firom Newport
harbor oo ber tint cniisc 2hlav l*^, 1780. actwcapuikU hy the
ahipa Mifflin, Captain Babcock, and Pftgrim, Capbun Roh-
eitfoii, both belonging to SMem. )f*^., th«>' first moantii^
twentr-als «ix-poDndere, and the bitter tweot r DiDe-poanderB.
Mr. Browii sail<^d out of the harbor in hts new Teasel, and
Iwfore leaving was entirely satisfied with her sailing qnali-
ties.

Amnng the officers of the M'aahington was William
DrowDc. of whose life and serricea a sketch herewith fol-
lows. The cruise of ^ixty-nine days extended screral hun-

KHir licxmu, WtntnofuK.

dred miles east of the Elizabeth tslatids. Several vessels
were captured, but the carjroos were of only moderate Tnlue.
Ihiring the cruise >lr. l>rowne kept a diarj' of daily occur-
rencest of whitb free use is here made.

On the bomcwanl [lassuuce of the Washington, under the
date of Tuesday, July 25th, (17S0,) Mr. Drowne write* :

" Tbe flrat Mil »e spoke to tUjr waft • prise alao^ boand to that fortu-
wmlt pteee, — iWrm. On flriD^ opon her to brtn^ her to. she wa» pruali^-
|o«»tj (HjcbteneO. anl strack tinmedbUelr. So ^urprUtoxl; colil as to
rtntagnat coats and tba tfaickcvt uf dotbva ab»oititelj oecesssTT."

OCR FRENCH Al.I.IKS.

277

Vndvv tho same date he records speaking with liiihermeo,
"auay below Oipe (lod" from whom wns received "the cnp-
itnl inlflli^nce of the trnfc arrival, at Ithodo Island, of the
French fleet, with trooiw."

On Thursday, July 27th, Mr. Hrowne ajrain records:

"A Hne day, with aiiiiiiliar brc«U'. Al iliont hood S'l^man't hmd was
dfrsorled, and wv nrt now <itjinitlog rlshl In for Newport hurlior, wUIi a
large (Iwt Itt slfclit. nnxici' Bluctc tslanij, oae of nbtch, ii ship oT tho lint,
U in ctinse of us. but wUliout ii\v\iig ui tbe Iwul conc«rn, (ibousli fuur
otlicr^, In coiiscqucm^i' of n sigtwl. are inaltln» townrcl!! ua rroiii uniJor
Point Judith. > IIS they arc itiKloiitiU'dly a pnrt of t^c French Ari>t ^nltiK
(as wtf were Informed tho otlit'i* ilay) to Invent, or rnthei" block np Nfw
York.

" Four o'clotk, P. M. Ax unulior In Newport Imrlj'jr, "iiilijHt a Tortold-
abl« Fr(.'ijcti fl(.<et of ttiu line, ihu Ailmlnil of wIiIl-Ii, (,Mo»sleur ]>r Ter-
nay.) In an i'lrH»nt <;lRbty-;;iiii Hlilp, (tlie Diikc <le Boiir^»Ki)c)- ^'<^ r""
fllon^slde, wlLb colors, etc., tlUplriying to tie beitl a(lvniitAB«>- hlR nbtp,
aa Wfll hfl the rest, bdn;; manned to view iis. their quarter decks atid gal-
leys lined wltli nlllcer". On our Iiiflinft iiiii1<t his sUtii. wt snlntMl him
with Ibirl^en sunt and tbrcv cliecpK. which he |iolit.i-!y n-tiirnpcl with
Hoveii gHns and ihi'e* c1hkm"s. we ihanklnt: him wltli one fjiin and a nlii^fle
huua. To our surprise and u»toul!ibmt:iit nv were Itiforinetl Dint the
flL<ct tve saw and were eliiiwd by a few hnun< since Is an KwjtUh tme!
What have wc rot escaped: VCc can soiircely liellrvc our own seiwes!
and wc arc ready to ask, ■ Is this exist^-nce real or a dream?' for wc were
so near four of thvni as Ui iliHling^iiinli their Cidiira, (which were French,)
very obvlouBly ; nor did we take llie least pains lo avoid them, so cerlnin
were we of their belns those of o«r beucvotent ally; and when we reflect
n iiionieiit on the extreme prceartousncsH of the situation wc were lUcu
In, (as wc had no hitinmtinti or roncoptlon of a Itriiish fleet bclni; ofT.)
and of the nmaxinp chance we ni» of being ere this time In Irons in Van-
ktf lio'j. wc can't but shudder at an inlen so b1« with horror! Ittit. thanks
Lo Dim who roiniMftiidi all things wilb lii.'* ,V«>I, we »rv Llitis f»r wafe. And
the Captnln, with his eyvs sparkling "ith sralltude uud plraHiire, declares
he ftbnoluiely believes ilint (he cnctuiiiLincni i» at last broken, wblch. for
bia sake, I sincrraly hope to be the cKUHi, and that Iib may in niLurc have
trvc CfCKfiA and rc^rress, without hindrance or muiesULlDU.

"TheAdinlritl aciit one of bis Lieutenants on lionrd. (a very genteel
officer,) who potllely weloiimt'd the C'apUdii Into the hart>or, expressed In
a very drlkale jttnl M-DHlbIc manner bis anient wishes lo assist Aniericn,
was sorry n snperlor fleet of the enemy had nt this Juncture blocked them
lip, but with a becomiUK luulldence, presumed It would not lout; be the
tauc. etc., vtc. f^uoH artcr he wan gone another ufllcer wss vent with a
meaange from the Adinlrnl, reqiicatliig Ihc Optaln'n company on boani ti>e

278

RIIOUE [ftLAND IN THE BEVOLUTTOK.

Biig-alilp, vflmn tia now U, aufi liH(l he not been sent for Juil w he bad.
w« aliould hnvti tK><!ii up to Pnivlileiice l>y miosot.

"To att«iiipi u ilfscriplion of lliw lifiiiil«?uu» scene with which we arc
now rturrouiKli^il ~ ilie ^rnnJ and cU'CsDt ■ppcarniin- of the fleet, the noWo
nlr of thf oinctirs, tliu hirmnuTttltle tralu of skiffs and bnim-* (wlih own-
Inga) passing' nnri n-pniwlng lYom ship to ship, the ciu-tislvc cncmnnHiieiit
to view on llie Ulntul, etc., clc- ,^woul(l finrt employ for more iliiit' tliu* 1
ftm ut present disposed tt» devotu to dracriptivc service, cspeciHlly oh I ani
conftcluiia llwt the ;{ruuik-Mr iniit iiiH^ninL-eiice of the seeuc fur surpUKVS
anything I could say lo illustrute the subject.

" 5 o'clock. Tht.- Cuiunlii lias jicnt word Tor the ship lo neljih imehor
and make sull, and thnt be shall follow tu-inorrow.. Also that tdl our
prlze-N are got safe In tinrl, nn agrfeiihlc piece of liitelllgetice, ts M wit* hh
eveiu miiciti tlooltU-cl. anJ the Doctor acknowlerlgcd Ihe los* of our bet
■with pleasnre.

"We are DOW underway, staudiiig up the river, nnd to our grnat Mir-
prlse, are Just tired at by a French n-lgate, which Is innkiug itnll alter iiii.
Whnt it nii-nns we cannot conceive, bat the commnnilliig officer thinks
proper to obi-y the raptaln'a orders, and la crowding siill iiccorrtlnsly."

Thus ends the jounijil of the fifat cruise of the ship Gen-
eral Washington.

William Drnwne, itie brother of Dr. Solonioti Drowiie, waa born In Prov-
idence. K. I., April I", ITS,'). In early life lie took »» active Interest In
military aralrs. On Juno 2, l*7."i, he hccainc au offlecr Iti ('olonel Head'a
CM«Ddoii) regliadiil. He was wllli the shtlli-d troops at Roihury. Mass.,
ou the day of the hatik of Bunker 1111], and continunt with Uk' regiment
until the close of the year. In January, 177(1, bis ]>amc hcadi« tlifi list of
Lieutenants of the Uhodti [Mland brigade. Ill:* third cocnmlsslon, by order
of the Council of War of llio Stale, dated the 2!st of I>i-crn)i)er. sstae
year, constituted hini Adjutant of ihe llri^t n-gliueni of militia In the
counly of Providence uiid .State of Khode Ti^land. OoluiierBoweii's; not.
however, "In onliir lo prnscrvc Ihc Interest of ills Mnjeaty's colonk-s and
Hla good sniijccta," but •' the Interest of tlu- good people In tlieni? parta,"
agaliMt tht "Invasion or ju^ntiU" of the force*, nf George III. In 1777
he was Adjutant in Ucneral Speuccr'e brigade, having Its hcidiiuartera at
Pawtuxel; and la lT7fi served as Qimrlcrinasier-Oeneral, with rank of
Captaiu.

Mr. T>rownc possessed an adrrntnroun and coiira^eonR spirit, and had
for Boinc lime hem desirnun of entering the naval service. In the fiill of
177G he wiw invited to serve us an offieer on board tlie frii;iito IVovldenci",
eoninnimlod l»y Aiirnlinni Whipple. He subscqacnlly arranged lo go on
the Warri'n, Imi the occupation nf Newport by the eneni>'» Ileet pre-
vellt^^1 ilie frigate from sailing during the wnoh- of the year I"77. Inter,
ocpted lo sailing from Rhode Island, he, lii April. 1778, went to BobCod,

2HU

RHODE ISLAiiD IN THE KEVOLCTION.

cumiutif, »torliit; the provltilons, wnlcr, etc. Tills Bilmlroblc vmscI "or
nbotii (tvfi hundred tons biirtlirn, tnotintlng twenty nlne-poande». James
Hunro, comroatider," niib a crew oV over ou« liuutlr«<l ami Klxty, mtitrd
ou lli« (till of May, "un a Ave-iiiuiilliH' citjUv Bgiliiht the eucinleM or the
United Stalim of America," as cxprcsAed In their crleloal ptiuivd "Arttclea
of Agreement." Caplured. alter luiicb activti xerrlci-, anU <.-arrk'd Inio the
port or Kew York, he, wltli Ihc oUicr odlccrs, was trniisrerred to th<! .lor-
«ejr rrlson fihip, where c\<tsf. contlni>mcnt and iiiibr'nUhjr food auoti lir^u
lo make serious Inn'iuds upon hh prt-viausly robust roiistltuLlaii. TUrouf^h
the liitliieucc of some Eii^llit!:! rrluiidsi, hL' wna |)i.'rTiiltt(Hl tu be absent a
ahort thiiv In XuvtiHtK-r; inul vlsiu-d Svwport, bat did not aucccvd in
regaluiutf hi.** fornjor healili. A coutUmauce of the Knme Iniprisonrneat la,^
the cxceaah-cly crowded and ptatlk-Dtlal between decks of the Jersey
developed a malady rrom which he never recovered; although with tbu
constant can- of hW hroLht-r, Doctor Ilriiwni<, afler hiti rrlfase in t7s:t, hU>
life VTM proloiised to Au<;uat S, tT^iI, when be died,

nc rruvldi;nce Gazette and Country Journal of August IS, 17S0, cod-
taloB the following ubiiuary uutie« :

"Last Wi'tlnemlay morning Mr. Wllllnm Drowne. of Ll)is town, mcr-
eliiint, departed thin life, in the ihirtr-scrond yc&r of his ngc, aJIcr n long
eoiiMimplton, orlK^n^Uly occnslnniKt by hlH iiMfr(-rlnf;a on board a British
prison ahip, a little before peace took place, of which he hnth lori^ Inn-
gulshvd with exeinplary patience and fortitude. Ills rlnnouK cliaracter,
hencvolcni dlapoaltlon. Integrity of conduct, and agnvohlc manners,
endeared him to hia Olenda ntid acqnninianee, and render hlft deatli a real
loss, not only to his partlculnr f^k-uda. bat also to the town and State of
which he wa» a worthy member.

i

>Ai imako, tliat tUm from the klndlr flrei,
1* teen thii DiaRient, nud Ihr nol rxi>lr(«;
A* emiiij clouda bj riaInK wind* am tnul,
Thrif iMiinic ranui Kam tQoarr round ttian Itiil,
HanitiUlinaur*[alri •<> (MU*aiir (lay>;
»0 life tnil open* aow. aiid now dvoajw;
The cniitle AiiU the tomb. a)M 1 h aljcfi.
To llvp l> >ciirce ilUl)ngul<he<l from ttKLIn!'

The r.ouni Jn ROCHAMBEAU

'«• Usivti.i .1 hinkv I7llll

.!•• ..n-lUfci, ( J

OUE KUBNCU ALLIES.

281

A TRtP TO HARTFORD.

JOCKNEY OF IWJCHAMnEAlI AND Dn TKIUfAY TO lIARTFOnD.—
THEIU «KC:KPTJ0N THEKE.— MEETINfl OK WASHINdTtiN AND
BOCHAMBEAtT.-BKSrLT OF THE CONFERENCE. — AFFAIRK
D-nONNEUK AT NKWI'OllT.-A OONTIUCTOnS HANDSOME
WIPE.

*0 months hud [Missed since the arrival of the French
allies at Newport, hut Itochumbeaii, I)e Ternay and
Washington hud not yet met. The reason for this delay id
mainly conjectured. It is said thnt Ibe French eoiiimatuler
foU that the American chief held a coolness toward** him,
growinw *uit of a difiorencc of ojiinion as to the military
merits of Lufayelte, who to Washington was as a son. Be
that us it may, Ituchumbeuu, under this appreliunsion, and
with a desire to prescn'c harmony, sent Count Fersen as a
reprosentativo to Washinj^on to remove the cause of offence
and " \\va\ the broach, if ]>r>ssihle,*' if one existed. Poasihly
a moinetitary di»uppointDieut. And even vcx.itiun, had been
experienced hy the latter, in consequence of the declination
of the French Admiral to leave his safe anchorage in New-
port harbor for a more perilous position at Sundy Hook,
which, of course, kepi the French army quiet in ita island
encampment. If, however, such feeling had been awakened,
it was speedily disAipatcd, and the most cordial spirit of
•■o-oporation ever after mutually prevailed. The desire for
an interview, that had be«n couveyed to VN'ashing;ton through
Lafayette, was now about to be realized.

It wfl« Washington's intention that, from pnidenliat con-
siderations, the jMU'posu to hold this interview should be
kept a secret from the public. Writing to General Rocham-
beau, he says :

38

.i.',r- v ...-.ii .f ti.ii- ■> rinuniif oiniH i>iui ii" Ihiut- Hi-mfi'-n
" .1 . •■ ■r^•. V -'. 'if.iiiK iM ii -i-j-'Ui* '.'ir Dnur. uiT-r^.-'T. ■mi 'iiir

• •■•': I'C ■! ,'-.v^,,i.;f:.-j » ll(!*l - liH n(ir> Illtiir-IlilKi*. Ur Ut- ilfiiir^ 'i

• tfj -..■.iit.-' .i,*.,>iii.-"" •viiiir'" W." 1" in TuiiK'- -r mle "Ury irr* ""ij*t ri,

■it.-iit ,. ■..nr.-^i ii.-. ;». iiTif -.r iiK iin-niiK-i iii**^- k't I lanv vir

.'i *■•■(■. u<y ■.. '^pi-.ftm. >_ir,n:, .nmrniiinr iim :c' "n.!?
*;. .*■. .iuii:<* :'>-,r .i.m if. P-rtiLtit-V.. In niTui<!*i ;t' ait* irr"-u

-.-I 'A 4fH-,.ny*/.n ".. .Vni.!-: yr.f.c -\ -hts -i^T-^ic.cmjmt ■.t iis
'f"!i*'W,r'.a..ift '-•..1-'.-*:. T^.rr. 2n7* t.-j the iaJt^r tiir *ii~iniim»
'.f * .c.'if. » f.'l'X''. vr,.i.T^ r.f. vi.* jiiicli to a.-**;.

,\ •i.'f,*^ ff.-f *r.ft ,'!r.*!»tt,n^ v?i* ift^ijfnar^^i. ind en che I*ch of
•^-.j-tz-m-'^.f. '/';r;ftfa. R/<';riam'i«ian wiri A-imiral I>t T<»rtiiiy.
jvitfi ffiftir «itt/;. jrfif, 'iUt ffMB \<i*p'-rt on a jonmev to Hoit-
fc.r'J, fjiTift., -xUf-.T". ihtr \iA*:n'.*'.v »a* tfi ^ih h^M. The hfw-
pifflMft rn*:i:\rtuiu afi*! ^nf'.'-rtftinmftnt 'i»»:rfc worthr of th« 'jcca-
*\i>ft. W ru>\iiu'jflt,Xi artrl hi.t tijire arn7e<l lirrt.

' l.(rf<ii Mifir appcarxif:' .n *.hft a'.j. thKv w«r^ nfKi?^ with :ni[Hisiii;r
/■»r"rn"Tii"« Th*: *i'ii-.mtir'* 0<i«r'l!t, infl a ompany of Artillerr. were
'id il'tf? 'irtiiii r.ii*: i^\r.it*\i>n. Tli«7 «altit«:rl n'uhin^toD. as he watered the
v,nu, v;»ti itiirtj-Mi a'lrn, Tr'irofi'Jii. unil Cofocel Jeremiah WaiL-sworth.
:iri(l 'iilif'r 'I<<(iiiiviti4lif-.il .'i'rri'/niiifi.i* of Lh<: S^it«. !n>;t hjrn ^-i h<; !)>lTnaced,
'(III-/ :<.>■■'■ iixii I "(f'!.!! v'-!(:>,Hi'- — flu'l, 'fir'ni^jh f:r'j'*'4.t '.hut rent the
■nr viHi '■!i*"-r't :i>i'l 'if !iiiii-'l '-.'i 'tatcli li ti^flit of tti'; iliii.itriorin t.oni-
trt'Mi'l'T ill ' In'-r ',hr i.ii.i'-r ihtk!'; Jim .vay. Uiirfrlhurwith Kn'iX ;ini] Lnf;iyetlL'.
i.'i Mtc T'-ii'li-rio: uT i\if\r iiiiii.'iiil rrii:iiil. i'.ii\'ii\i:\ Wuilswtfth — there npoD
Hii: titi; w'.ii-ri- III'- \\\^\'iTii;u\ ynti-'u-Xy nT ' '>niH:<:tiriit nmv lift:- its waibt —
mill wlK^r'-. Ill ;i )>'-iiiit.iriil iiinriti'rii, iMlt itniiilin:;, thor]i;|i upon another
-!|i'ii, liiiiiif'ir ;iiiil III" |iriii'-i|i:il iitl)<-i?rt wi:r': ti'iMy •■ntortaiticd during their

''III'- KIII1I- '■(•ri-iiii>iiy vvii'4 r''|><riit.':d tti'iii nAnr Wiixliinifton cnm6, Upon
IIk' iiuli'Fil ',r (Nc l'"n:iir-li cititKiiniiil'T !iinl Mnil';. Ttn:y were formally
ri'f'civi'i ii rtn' ( iiy |,itiiillMif. iift'^r rrntnUyj, the fr^rry— and marching to
Ihc iir'-ri III Ir'nil 'iT t)if ('ti|i|ritl wit*: Mii^n- i[)i:t liy (iinibral Wiuhin^on
iirni iili iiiilliiity ('iiiii|>iiiiliHi. II. nrm T)i)r flrnt liiiiti Hint these diHtin^ruished
If'.iitci'-i nT Ml)' i<r"iit .'tllli-il iirinli-H hiiw ttit- Tiices of ftuih other — the tlrsl
llii|i- Hint, MtrriiiMli Miflr'rIilirC iiiiirt.ial r<;|irfHi'iitativ<!!t, France and America

OTTB KRKNdl AI-LIRR.

fi«»

sbook lui»(l8 — And ijto fl|>(^cUcIc ia dcacrihccl lui bHtlug been olic of lb«
moat aiigiMt aod laiposltiti c1i»racter.

"Tlierewvre tlif nublc-lwikiiig Frcnctimcni tpiyly (Ircxwd, aud #[>ark-
lluK witb Jonrel InalKtilB. There was WoshliiKtoD — erect, tnll.conunan*!-
)ng— iu liU> biilT veal. bulT breeclicM buckled at the knre, lons-sparr<?d
boots, nliltc neckcloth, and hiac, hulT-llned coat, that Hbutit with a pair
of rleli, matuilTe cpftnlcit<>f). TUnTP. were Knox, and other Amerlejin nffl-
eers. In nearlj stmilar nttirc. Tlicre wore Oovernor Trumbnil, (.'olonM
Wadaworlh, iiiid other iiol«d pntrioln. In tlif clofte-fltilns nhort dollies,
etDbroUInmcl vesl*, iiiiU dnib or crbiivou bri)a<l-lln|i|ifd roHt«, wlilcli tli*n
OUtlngulsbed tbe drc5s of tbe opulent cUlzen.

" In cto-te iiriixltDily to ihlx criitra] group wi-ro the Goveruor'a Onard.
ill s-littfirltig uoironn, and Mattroas«» with ibelr slilnlng brass artlllorr —
and around, crowding Kit' mrr>rt, and llHiiig ovory window, ^toop. and
nlchr bi tlie vicinity, was an Immcaae, eojiei- mullltiide — coinpo<)e«l of
men, women and cljlliirvLi, tvbo had usscuibled Truni Hanfurd aud the
iielicbtvjrlii;; towuii, lo wICucaa the novel and gorgeous Mpectacle of a
inucllrg tn Ainprlfn bctw(-«n the n^prvtiicitlallves of the two great m'rliliirjr
Ikmlliifs or France and the United SUlcii. Evorythtng passod off roosc
hAppily. ' TUo prenlt'st Niiiii^fiiclioi),' «iiy» ih»> lUrtfonl Oourant of ihiit
(lay, * M'd.i CKprcNiKil by lUn ptirlic* nt this ni<.'«ling, mid tb« b)Khc<it tnitrk))
of polilc respect and nttcntlon were mutnat.'

♦ • • • • •

"Tliarsriay ui^lit the couren.-uce wa» concltidcd. friday b«w tbe
French offlcum start on their return to Newport — the Govcruor*8 Guinla
agaJn In martlftl array — esoortbig the dlstbiguisbed gacAt4 to the river
bank, while thirteen gnns rencwedjy rtnt the air. The sanic parade wns
a;;aln prndiired on the fidlowing mornbijS^ nt wbif^li time (lenornl \Vha)i*
Ington urn! Hulto xhook bunds with tbr lio^pltxlili* Wadsworth, ttm worthy
Oorernor Trumbull, titid iitiincrunR other fyiends— and, amid volleys of
huzzas, started for the beadquartvrs or the aniiy."*

An agreojiWe surprise tn tbe meiuhers of the conference
was, that when the bills were called for, Ihcy wore infonned
"that the (fnvcmor of (^nnccticul hail given onlen- th»t
they should pay nothing in that Stale, but should be at free
cost."

Of this jonmey Genenil Rochamltcati rolatt-s the follow-
ing incidents :

" Iu fcoloti; to this conference, the c&rrla^ Ii wblcli I rode with Adtnl-
nl Dc Ternay, who was very InDrm, cbnnced Do btmlt down. I aeol Per-

■ Life ur TrunitxiU, pji. iWHSv.-Hw-

29U MBOOT VfLASD tS THX RKTOCXTK».

an. By Ant Aidc-de-<.uip. for a whedwrlfht. who Itrcd a nule diaunt.
B* KCnriMd, and toU me be had fooad the inaa aiek with a quactao
tKm. wfao said that bia bat ftall of goliKaa woald aot ladne* bim to work
fa the nljirbt. X prevailed on tbe Adnfral to aeeompaor ne to tbe ■aa'a
•bop, that w« nigbt together af^eit him. We told him tbaX General
Waabinstos was to arrlre En the ereofiig at Bartftml go eonlbr with aa
the aext d^. and that the caafenatm woold fka If he did aot isend our
earrlase. *Toa are not liara,' said he, * for I have nad in a ConnecCieat
paper that Waahim^ton Is to arrire there tiiia evening, to eoolfer with yoo-
Aa it (a for the public service, joor carrla;^ shall be readf for joa at <
o'doek to-morrow momlDg/ He kept bia wordr •od we act off at the
boor tndfealed. On numlnff from thia eonftreoee another wheel waa
broken, and we were agalii forced to go and haianKae oar whedwright.
* Wdl,' aald be, 'do joo want Co make me work again In tJie ai^lt?'
*Alm'. ja,' I reined. 'Admiral^BodDey ia arrived to triple the naval forcen
that are oppoaed to na, and it la of tbe otmoat cooaeqaence that we
aboold retnn witboat delajr to Rhode Ltlaod, to rcsiat bia attempu.' ' Bot
what can jaa do,' returned he, * with joar rix ahipa againat the twenty
Engllab veaaela? * ' It will be the moat glorfoua daj of onr lift. If tbej
attempt to break oar Hoe.' * Come, come,' said he, * 70a are bnve men ;
70a AaQ have yoor carriage at live o'clock to-morrow moming. Bat tell
me, l>efore I act mjaelf to work, altboagb I do not wbth to ioqniie into
TOOT aeereta. how did 70a like Waahlngtoa. and how dU he like 700?'
We aaaoted bim that we had been drii^ted with him. Hia patrlotlaB
waa aatlafled, and he kept his word wttb u. It Is not m7 iatenUon to
create the Impression that all Americana are like this good wliedwrlgbt;
bat all tbe fiumera In the Interior of tbe eoaatC7, and almoat all the land-
boldera of Connectieat have this poUle spirit animating them, and wbld
■right aerv* as a model for nian7 othen.*^

Of the result of this conference. Count Dumaa says :

" General Washinj^n and Genersl Bocliambeaa decided on passing the
whole winter io passive observation, always holding themselves ready to
profit by the most (kvorabte circamstances which might preseot tliem-
•elves. Tbe whole of this compantlve sospenalon of hostilities was well
employed In putUng the American army in good condition for the opening
of tbe campalgD ; and General Rochambeaa, od his side, who was expect-
ing tbe arrival of the secoad division, prepared himself to aid <Hir allies
with vigor."

Society and the camp were slightly agitated by an affaire
(Phonnfiur, which took place September 6th, between the

•Mrmoln of Boch— ib—n. Fmdi ei.. vol. I, pp. 291, 232.

i

OUR pnKscii Ai.Lres.

985

VicuitiLe dc Xoailloi uud Ck)uto Dillon, un atiicer of tbe
Duke do Liuiznn's legion. Blunt-bard siiya, "the cause of
the qnaiTel doea not deuono to bo mentioned." The papew
of the day uro silent in regard to the iiffair, and probably no
srHous results followed the meeting. A fen- dnys Liter, M.
Cosle, tho chief physician, and M. IJJanchanI visited Provi-
dence, to oxaniino (he liospitjil llierc. They found it in very
good condition, and containing three hundred and forty sick.
In New[>ort, iiL tlm same date, tlie sick in the hospital num-
bered a few muro than two hundred.

A CONTRACTORS HAND80ME WIFE.

Among the on dit)t of temporary lady residents of New-
port, while it WHti occupiod by the Frcudi allieH, Chastollux
has preserved the following: " Mi-s. ('arter, a handsome
young woman, whose husband is cuncerued in furnii»hing
our army with provisions, and lives at present at Newport*
told me that jroin*; down one momini; into her hnsljand's
othec, not mueh decked out, but in n rather elegant Fi-ench
undress, a furmor of the ^fa&sochusetts 8tatc, who was
there on busiue^, seemed surprised at seemg her, and
asked who that young lady Mai4. On being toUl Mrs.
Oirlcr, — 'A3*c,' said he, lond enough for her to hear him,
*a wife uud a mother, truly, 1ms no business to be so well
dressed.' "

Mrs. Oirtor*:* husband was an KnglUliman, who had l»en
unfortuiiale in business in London, and bad come tu.Vuierica
to retrieve his fortune. Ilis real unmo was Jo/in Jiarker
CfmrcJt, but he took the name of Cfrrttrt\ that his friends
might hear nothing of him until ho had su('<'ce<1ed in his
design. His activity in the Itcvolution, m a Whig, brought
him to the notice of General Philip Schuyler, wliOi>c daugh-
ter he married. (_)n the arrival iif llio Freneb nlliot!, he
obtained, in conjunction with Colomd WjtdjiWurtli, a princi-
pal share of the eonlruet for furnishing them witli supplies.

286

RItODK ISLAND !>' THE REVOLUTION.

The hoped for foituiie wm nuido, aod after the war he
retunicd to Eu^rlaod.

A PAINFUL SURPRISE.

ARNOLD'S TREASON.— OPI>-IONS OF QRKBNE. WASHINOTON.
AND IVTHEIW.— ANDItt A riilSONKR.— HIS TRIAL AND KXE-
CL'TION.— VIEWS OF A BRITISH OFFK'ER. — A SKETCH OF
ARNOLD.— A SKETCH OF ANDBft.

HILE the coufer^Dcc was iu sessiou at Hartford,
another, of a difibrent chnractcr, was Iwing held
at West Point, between its commander, General Itenediet
Arnold, and u reproscntalive <»f Sir Henry ('linton, Com-
niMiider-in-('hicf of the British forces in Ameriea, baving for
its purj^osc the delivery of that post into his hands. As
Washington jouniyyed hack, revolvinj; in his niind what
movement the imemy might make that wouhl leail. on his
part, to e;irly action, ho little mistrusted tlic i)aiuful surprise
that was in tslore for hiro. When he reached West Point,
he was asto^nl^ed to learn that ArnoH, entrusted \\"ith the
most important oonimand in the whole linn of dofenees, bad
sold hinhsclf to Sir Henry Clinton, and hud Hod for safety
to the Vulture, then lying iu the North river; that Major
John AndnJ, .\djutant-General of the British army, hud,
under a tictitious name, been arrested as a spy ; that upon
the person of Anilrfi had been foumi papeni showing
Arnold's purpose to betray his post into the handht of Sir
Henry ; and that the eoiisummation of an act of treachery
whieh, had it surceedcd, would hnvo jeopardized, if it had
not ruined, the American cause, was prevented by a want of
self- possession on the part of Andn^, at the moment when
he was halted near Tarrytown by his captors.

OUR FRKNCH ALUES.

287

When this ftfit of trenchery became krioivi), a thrill of
horror ran through the whole country, followed by pxprea-
Kioiisof lh« strong^t indignation. Suid Getienil Nallmiwel
(i)-eene :

"Nothing CAn cquAl Arnnlil's vlllnlny but hl« mcanncSM. IW ]» thv
blackest or all nmrtftb, and the inc-i»i«stnr»llciy»nir«.." lll-t rohhrrjr an*)
pliiixliT uf the KtorcM at Went I'ulut exceed alt belief. Nor iMiild I bitvc
persuaded inVMulf Hint il vtiih |jo*«ibl>! for aiiytlilne fliort ot the duvll
Incarustv tg |>erp«lral« bucIi horrid crltnw, and oonipllcntwl acl» of nut-
callty.

" Sluce the tM of Luciftr, nothtn^ hag txiiialeU tlie (kll of Am^il. HIm
military rcpntatlnn In Kurope ami America wan Ilnttcrln^ lo tlic vanity
of the llrwt ririicrn! of tho ngi-. l\v will now vink tut loir as he haii bccit
lil{;li b^foru: anri as the devil made war upon beavfii ntlvr hix Hili, su I
expect AruDli] will upon America. Sboold lie 9ver fUt Into our bands, bo
will be a BWift Kaerlflc«."t

Lieutcnant'Colonel Kleazer C)8wald, who served aa Ciip-
laiii under Arnold in the expedition HgAJust Quebec, writes:

" He bM convinced the world that ho la u base a pmatUatc aa thin or
any other eoumrj ever nurtured tu maturity, and w a piinlnhment fhr the
roormlty of hU crlmcK, Uie inark of Calit la branded oa hiui In the most
Indelible characters. "t

General Lamb, who also as a Captain foupht nnder
Arnold Ht Quebec, said to an o/fieer that, after the capture
of Andr6, brought a flag with the traitor's eonipliinenta :

"Be Rood cooBifb, sir, to Ull General Arnold that the ncquniniance
iKiwceu UM U ti^Tgntten, aiid thai If he were to be banged to-iDorrow, I
Would go barefooted to witness his execution."}

(|Bath Mian to Aranlil, ny warttijr, p»<t fellew,
I httB ftin tnneli bcttct limn cth I ddl:

Tea tin like a fvlner. wlrh tlal mar (^ mellow :
Bat mind llini yoa txilb dbji»i wtiM I hU.

l^olli ArnaM lu Satnii. m; frlpiiil, <la nut ilutibl iuf.

111 ■Irlell;' ailliKr* la >ll fi'Uf K***' vtrin :
Ta jrou I'm itrvotnl, arUli all UllaK* »tomt ow :

yoall prrtnlt B>c, I liopc, lit lU* l« mjr alMM.

M,i7at>.

I TImn'* •foarula 9. tL

1 Letter to rimenl I

288 RHODE I8LA>ID IN THE REVOLUTIOK.

Washington, in a letter to (lovemor Keed, writes r

*'Arnol(t'fl i^autlocL la bo rlllalnously perfidious, that tb«rc arc no temm

tlmt can describe the haneneM of hlii heiirt Tl\c cotittd^nce

*nd Toi]y which hiiv« ninrkcd the tobsequciit conduct or IhiR mnn, are of a
piece with hU vlUaliiy, and xll thre« Rre putfcct In their kind."

From HeiiJtiUiirters, neiir AVesl Point, he writes to Gen-
eral liocIiAnihcnii :

"By lucky ncelik-nt. a coiiciilnify of thu most d«iiBeron» nalnre, the
object uf which wot! Ut sacrlllci.- this post, IiitA been detected. Ceiieml
Ai-nokl, who has .iiillled til^ former ^lory by the binckest tnHRon, luu
cacsped to ihc enemy. Thiit in mi went which occjuIoud me eqoni re};r«i;
■nd mortiflcntlou ; but traitors are the urovvth of every connlry, niid in a
revolullou of the prcseut iinture. It Is more to be woudercd at that the
catuluguo Is N» Etiiall, than that there liare been found ■ f^w."

To GeuciiLl Heath, fi*om Itoliiiisou's house, he writes :

*' Alqjor-Oencral Arnold biu gaoe to the cDcmy. He had hud nn Inter-
view with Major Audrfr, AdJnUint-GeiierBl of the Britlsb nrroy, and bad
put lnt«i bin pcmscHiflon n Htatempnt of our army, of the garrison at tblt
post, of the niiraber of men considered ao neccBsary for the defence of It,
■ return of the ordnauvu, nud of itie dlspo!<3tlori of the artillery corps In
OHflfl of ui alarm. Ky a muRi provldrntlol InterpotiUlon, Mujur Andr£ wbj
taken In retDraIng to New York, with nil those pnpore In General Arnold's
band-writing, who, hcarin;; of the matter, kept It secret, nnd left hl9
(jnarlers liiuiicdiiilrly, umlor the pretcticc of f;oluK over to West I'olnl, on
Mondny forenoon, aboiTi an hour before my arrival, then pOMhed down th«
river In the b&rse, which wati not dUcovered till I had rvturued from
WvHt I'uiut II the mftcruouu ; and, when I received tho Drttl informatlou
of Major Audr^'fl capture, ineattiireH were ineitiuitiy taken to apprebetu]
Qcnuml Arnold; but before the offlcers sent for the pnrposc could rcacli
Verplanck*» Point, he had passed It with a Cln^, nml };ot on board the Vnl-
turt) ahip'of-war, whicli lay a few niilev below."

In reply ta a letter from Liciiteniuit-Coloncl Joliii Lflu-
rcns, who had snid^ "Arnold must undergo a imnishmcnt
comparatively more severe, [tliiin the suH'eriug uf Audr^.]
in the pennanent, increasing torment of a mentnl hell,"
Wiishington wrote :

" 111 no Instance since the comntmcemeot of ilic- wav han the Interpeil*
Uon of rroridcncc appured mora Mmarkahly conaplcuoua cluui in fha

OrX FEEPCH AUJES. i>?

reacae of Oe pasa tsi arn*-:a as "Ktsi P^lsi. H;>v ^J- ArsKni imkhI lo
ioToIre bc is lie csiskt^^ ■:' lij? ;uu« i.-«5 »;« ilf^u- ^r ary -jtoa-
bitable ctUok*. «a^ I ur btrlixK-i v- iz.'z^ V i>i »:•: «i.>i i-o hszkrd ibr
more ImporUEt ctiitfr; *7 *a«L;«jir "-:• oabow :w? jfwwr cmt$^ 'J>r
lesser of wUcli mislu b*T« tt«m»: tJ* crtxitT. A esMtb-inKi:* of ocrm-
onUaarjr ciressisascia. u»i utfeccoo^SAbut otf^i^ai^ac of joeaaxv of
mind iB a mu c^ tbe Irt-l ibL'-tjc*. &»f tit Ttrtse C'f thmt silnu mnu
threw tbr X^-Biasr^-HoitTt^ z^ zitt B:^^«i fomes^ viih fbZ prwif «tf'
Amolir* ibUwixs. ixio oc; iiui^fw ud !>ct T^r Uar e^nxiost KCr or ilie
bewfkleRd coBcc^cxn c-f lJttiWa=:-C';v:-tK-l Jsbikob. wbo bmshsI lasS
Id Mtoats^BCfit. ia' i»i>: u> bare k»»v^ wbu be vu Aoin- 1 cbaaJd
nudoabtodlT hare ^90^ 1tt»owL

"Aadre b» iMfi ij» fmu. sxnI v^tl iku Sct^ttaie wixh v«5 10 be
expcctol from as acrviLpCJf'hed mas antJ a sa^laxt oSe«r-. bet I mistake if
Amok] is caCrriii^ at *^'t» ti»e tbc tonbaiU of a wesul belL He waatt
feelb^ Froa fofbe xnlz* d La ctencser vUdb bare latcj? come 10 bt
koowledse. be t«es« &o bare >«s fo backncred la criioe. 10 ^as to aH
aenae trf bot»r a&] citame- Uiat vilje bis £Kxiltie» «i:i enabie bla v^ cok-
tlaoe bi* sorfid p>3r»s^. tbere will be do liate for renwrse.*'

A hundred yean, dow passed, have but slightlr dimin-
i^Kd a punfbl interest in the sad etory of Major Andre.
He was an accompltatked officer, and had an amiable disposi-
tion. Ambitious to serve bis King, and to win glonr to
himself, he came to America. .\fter advert fortune in
Canada, where be was made a prisoner of war, he became a
member of General Sir Henry dlinton's militar>' fiamilv. was
promoted to tbe rank uf >!ajor, and made Adjutant-General
of the British army uij'ier hi- t-ommand. A» the agent of ?ir
Heniy. be entered into negotiations with Arnold for the sur-
render of West Point, to *-onij»lete which, be was induced to
risit the General at Lis ^juarter-, and on bis return journey
to New Yort was Uken priH:*Der without the American lines.
When brought liefor*; the proper authorities, he was frank to
confess his rank, and the j^urpoi^e of his mission. His own
words were (atal te-^tirm^nie^. An impartial Court, !»efore
which be wa^ trie*!, aii'l of which I^fayette wa* a member.
' prononnr-ed him u ~i'y- ^"d a- ^uch ctMidemni-d him to
death.

Andp' knew tiutt lo t*e hjuiged wa» the fate i»f a "tm^ icted
57

tBKCH ALLIES.

S91

mnrks mc as the vii.-tiiii of policy, nnd not of rc3cntroent, I
simll e.\]ierieiK.-t! tin- njteriitionoftlie^G fcvliiigs in yoiirbi-east
by bi'ing informed Ihitl 1 am not to die on n gibbet."

But thougti Wasliinglon, as lias been asserted, was so
afleetcd "that Ids hand coidd scarcely command bis |>en
when signing the warrant for the execution, " he did not feel
at lil)erty to niudify the decision of the Court, and Andre's
reqiieat eouK3 not bo grnntfid.

Wa.-thitigton has Ik-oii jicverely censured for having sanc-
liuned llie decision of lliu Court Martial, but not with well
founded reason. That he symptithiKod with Andrt^. and
would gladly have spared Ids life, his words and actioua
prove. Hut Andr4> had frankly avowed hiuii*elf a spy, and
had, with equal franknetts, declai-cd to Colonel Tallniadge that
had his negotiations with Arnold been successful, he would,
at the head of a seleot corps, lisivi? taken Fort Putnam, and
Iheu the key of the country would have b«en in his hands,
the glory of a splendid achievement would hnve been his
reward, and the rank of n Urigodier-Genenil bis position.
Aflcr !<uch avowals, what could Washington do other than to
approve the findings of the Court, iind order the execution?
It was a trying duty — a stem duty — but the niles of war
and the oxigcticioK of the times demanded Ita performnnee,
and, sad as he was, he did not falter.

" It has been alleged in AitdrCii bolinir, as » mltljcAtln/; c1rcnmsUnc«,
that hr wax Involiiiilnrlly a npy. II h Lriic, lie tliil tiuL come on ntmn- In
borrowed garb, nor wltli a dv»\f(n to pans hlmneir off for another, and
procure 9«cret luroriuailou ; but bv chiuo under clusk of uiidtii^lit, iti !<up-
posed nArty, lo elTvcl the bctrnfiiJ of « holj- trust, and It vm bis uniiau
eagemcM to secnr<> thn obJ>frcu of iMi vlnnd^f^tlnc lnt«rricw time broit^hi
hfm Into tlic conrlitioci o( an iiudoubted Hpy. It certainly sbonlil not
Roften uur view of bU minjiion, tbat tiv rnibnrk«(I in It wltliout Intemling
to BObJi-ct Ii1as«ir to daogvr."*

Under hia feigned signature, he intimated in a letter to
Colonel Sheldon tbat he should *' endeavor to obtain [>ermiit-

• InUt^t Lift or WMhlBCtoo, tr, jk UL

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 293

and made a pniisc. ' Why tUU emotion, sir?' said nii ofllcor by his Ride,
lustantly rucovcriiij^ his couiposurc, he said, ' I ntn reconciled to my death,
but I detest the mode,' .... The victim, after taktnf^ off his hat
and stock, bandaged his own eyes with perfect firniness, which melted
the hearts and moistened the cheeks not only of his servant, but of the
tlirong of spectators. The rope being appended to the gallows, he slipped
the noose over his head, aad adjusted tt lo his neck, without the assist-
ance of the awkward executioner. C'olonel Scammel now informed htm that
he had an opportunity to speak, if he desired it; he raised the handker-
chief from his eyes, and said, ' I pray you to bear me witness that I meet
my fate like a brave man,' The wagon being now removed from under

him, he was suspended, and instantly expired Thus died In

the bloom of life the accomplished Major Andrt, the pride of the royal
army, and the valued friend of Sir Henry Clinton."*

Rev. Enos Hitchcock, D. D., long the honored and influ-
ential pastor of the First Congi-egational Church and Society
in Providence, at that time a Chaplain in the army, was also
present, and left the following recoi'd : -

" October 2d. At 13 o'clock this day was executed Major And r^. He
received his fate with greater apparent fortitude than otiiers saw It. He
appeared a most genteel young fellow, handsomely dressed in his regi-
mentals. When he came to the galiows, he said he n'ell knew his fate,
but was disappointed in the mode. He ascended the wagon cheerfully,
fixed the hnlter round his neck and bound his eyes; said, smiling, a few
minutes would settle the whole. Was asked If he had anything to offer?
Lifting up the handkerchief that covered his eyes, he said, 'Gentlemen,
you will bear me witness that I meet my fate like a brave man.'

" Behold the end of human greatness ! A young fellow cut off In the
midst of the brightest prospects, by the hand of a common hangman." -

The kind treatment received by Andre is in painful con-
trast with that inflicted upon Captain Nathan Hale, taken by
the British and executed as a spy in 1776. lie was denied
the services of a clergyman ; the use of a bible was refused
him, and letters written on the morning of his execution to
his mother and other friends were destroyed.

Andr6 was buried at Tappan. In 1821, his remains were
exhumed, conveyed to England, and re-entombed in West-
minster Abbey. A handsome monument erected at the

* rhalclHT'ii Military .Tournal of Ihe Uevolutlon, pp. 3!7 And 2-J8.

t§i KBOOK ujuurv a tax txrmjmam.

expeane of Cynm H'. ileld, Ecq., and in wfaidi De>B
Staoley vu parfkuLulr jotereitod, nmlu tbe gromid tint
lor tofty-ooe yean held tfae adies of m bnre, bat auaguided
tnemy to Ajnericsu uidepeiidciiae.

Of Arnold, little Deed be eaid. His piaee in hisCoiy has
been made. Of fainuelf, he nu^it hzve aaid, " I am one tfae
worid iovea not." His life in England nuut hare been tiy-
fn^ lo bis proad spirit. As an officer in Brttasb paj, be in
rain sought a command. In 1798, his ofler of serrkes was
declined by the IMke of York, and returning boow from tfae
war olfiee he said to his wife, in tfae bitterness (tf dbtppoint-
ment, "They will not give me a chance to seek a soldier's
death." His candid biographer adds, " With a crashed heart
he felt the bitter ruio of all bis ambiticms hopes.** *

The King, believing Arnold to hare sincerely returned to
loyidty, treated bim kindly, and a pension was granted to
Mrs. Arnold and her diildren. In 1798, tbe Kii^ made a
grant to General Arnold of 13,400 acres of land, located in
Canada, Init he did not live to derive any advantage from it.
Through the influence of Lord Comwallis, a place was
obtelned for bis son Geoige in the India service.

The uniform in which Arnold escaped to the Yaltore be
carefully preserved. In tbe mental wanderings of his last
moments, he cried, "Bring me, I beg you, the epaulettes
and Kword kiiotK wliidi Wflshington gave me ; let me die in
my old American uniform, the uniform in which I fought my
battlcH. (iod forgive me for ever putting on any other."

Ilcnedlct Arntfld. noil of Itttnedlct and Hannah (Wnterman) Arnold, was
born In NVw London, Conn,, January 14, 1741. His family antecedents
wure f>r tlie tilt(hc)tt respectability, his line of dcHcent tn America being
t]iroii(()i Oovcrnor Benedict Arnold of Rhode Island, who was his grand-
father. II h education v/an superior to the average of hla time. UU early
empl'iy wiw In a ilrug sioro. At the termination of his apprenticeship, he
engaged In huMlneHit at New Haven at a druggist, bookseller and general

•"Tlin l.lfi! uf Itiriuallct Anuild, hU l'«trlotUiii and bij Trcaaon; by luacJi. Arnold,

iHhO." .

OUU rKKXCH ALUEH.

S95

trader, tie iraa twice married; flr»t, to Marj^nrol Mansilclrl, daughter of
Illgti SlirriR' Mnri^flrlil ; unci second to I'c^gy (or Mnrgaret) Shtpi>pn,
diiiightor of IIk' Honorahle Edward Shlppeii, Chief Justice or fcniisylvn'
nl«- Hy IiIb flr»t wiff, lie Iiiiil ttir«f sons; untl by the sccoml, Tour hoiis
mid oiiP (liiugliUT. His socoiiil wlfb was au accomplished woman nad a
devoted mother.

Of Genentl AnioId'N mllttary ciin;cr noihlu;; nvMl he snld here. He died
In Lumlou, .Fiinc 14, 1801, "la bitter dlstrcas, In ftcir-roproach.ln povurty,"
ae«d alxty years.

U^jor Andr6 was the fKin of a I.r>nrIon merchant, and waa bom lu that
city In ITTil. He was nlucatt-d nt Geneva, (the nallrc place of tiU fnlher,)
and at ilic nge of cishlewii years oiilertnl » co untl iig- room. But a military
lltli suited lilm better, and Ur' choice did nut iiiilttale aKnhist the cultiva-
tion of his litcrery laHle. .\[| ■tlachmenl formed for llonora 8ne)'d, and
reciprocated hy licr, nc%-er reached u tnarriiifrc mntually desired, in con-
sc<iucnee of the yonnf; lady'4 fatlier havitif; disapproved it. Andn!' had a
pocllc talent, niid surnvtitin't indnlgrd the exprfi>Hi(in or hi* iiiiinor In rerRe.
While In the army In America, lie wrote " The ('ow Chnse; An lleroick
Poem In Three Cantos." which wtis printed flrst iu Klvliiyton's Kew Vork
Gazette, lu 1780, and alturwania In London In iTHl. It •taltrlzud Gtineralls
Wayne, Irving and I'roctor, who, wMIc collertUig and driving olT cattle
for the use of the army, were Bacces<iniily rc!ti5t«d by a ainoil body of ref-
ugees occnpyln^ n block houxe. Ah itpecimciia of tta venldcaUon, the
opening and cloalns nUazas are here Rtren :

" To tirlip itip KInp, oiio >utnuicr*i inoni,
Tbv THiBfr" took hU wnj-,—
Tbe Vail uluill rar. Ihal li uabum,
Tlivjuiublliig uf iliai lUy.

"Aud Wafcie draonuUng Htecn i
Aim! rHuiitlii|tlf ilurlik.-,
And Mil to mind In ercrr lott,
Tfee lannJnj ot Afa hidv.

Ikaoir.

"Ami now ■>« e\o*t4 n\j cpte rtratn>
I Imnhlcw I *lia«r it,
Leil till* uiiiF vntrrlor-ilraTw Wajme
bbauhl nn tuOt ibe poM,"

The lost canto nr this poem was puhlbhed in New Vork on ()>« day of the
anibor'a arrrat. A pen portrait of AmlW-, Hkeleliod by hlniself, Is prlutwl
In r^iMlng'it FIflii Book of the American Hcvidutlon. The New- Vork

* GvMeral WajIWr** LKOiL OCC«lMlk«.

29f:

MIODE ISLAMT> TN TOE REVOLUTION.

State Library atAlbtuyls In poMvsslon oral! llie treasoimltle papers found
Id A»ilr6*M liooLs wltb tlie cxr«pt]uii of a Kindle one.

ilaiar Audri, at the tiiiiL* of liis execuUon, vtas In the ihlrtictb year of
bia age.

THE ARMY AT K]-:ST.

CAMP LiyE.— SOCIAL FESTIVITrES.— PLEASL'RE TRIPS. -DrM AS
AMt> BLAXC»ARI> VrSlT PKOVirfESCE.— "TritTLR I'ARTY."—
ARRIVAL IN I'ttOVlUENCK i>F I.UZKRNE, FRENCU MINISTER.
-PROCEEDS TO NFWi^OBT.-liE TARLfi TENDERS HIM A DIK-
NER.-HE LEAVES FOR BOHTON.

3|T having boon scttlod by the inteniew at Ilartfonl of
1^ Wnshington, Roclianilu-flu and Dc Tcmny, na nniTsted
ID previous pag;c#, tluit oxei>i)l upon a hardly to bo expected
contingt'nry, nn active I'nmpaign would not immcdintoly be
entered upon, the routine of camp Hfo ut Newj^ort for the
residue of the summer and autumn neeupietl tho army. To
the officer, the motiotony of this routine was broken by
soeial festivities in piivnto families and at hcadqiiartens at
the Vernon mansion. Some of thom divorsiliod tlir^e pleas-
ures with hoi-soback exeix:ises over the island, tripb to Provi-
dence, and short Joiinicys further inland. In l*rovidence.
Count Dumas was coixlially received in the family of the
venerable Dr. Kphniini Ilowen, where he "learned the spirit
of the parties mid the real state of ailairs."' lUanehard
oxperiencud Bioiiliir bospitality in the family of General
Vanuini. On one occjision, he says, the fieneral "took mc
two miles from the city to a soi-t of garden whore different
persona had met and were playing nine-pins; they made us
drink punch and tea. The place was runil and pheasant,
and this litlle jaunt >ra\v nie pleiwiiro." lie also went with
the health ofliccrs of the honpital to examine a mineral sjfriug

ocn PREXcir alues.

a»7

in Pnwtuckfit, but found in the water nothing except a littlo
more coolness than in that which he used every day. The
rural situation of the spnn;^ i-omindcd him of his home in
the neighborhood of Angers, conumme of Saint Sylvain.

An occasional "Turtle Party" opened to the foreign
guests the mysteriea of a department in gastronomy with
which aldermen chiefly wt-re *aid to be fiimiliiir. The airi-
val of a goofi sized sea-tortoiso, the gift of the Ihoughlful
Captain of a trader, was the precursor of special table
enjoyment. To be known a& a firnt-class "turtle cook" was
an honor sufUciont to satisfy tlic highest ambition of a chief
of cumtie.* While Expending a few days lu Providence, M.
Blanehard wa^ invited to a turtle party in the country to
which he wont. He says:

" It was ft sort of pUnlr uml kWkh by k mcok of men to n company of
la<il(!»<. Tito piirpu<>i> or this party waa Lo cat a tiirllu, wclglitiig llirev or
tbur Iinndred pouodii, wlilcli aii American vessel baO Jimt broiteht kome
ttota OD« of our IhUikIh. Ttils muiit did not Bvctu to me to In: wry iMtnt-
ablo ; It Is true, that IC was bully cookcil. Tlicre were some quitu Itaiid-
soine women. Berore dinner they kept tlicmselves la a dllTereDt room
fVtiiu th« Rii;!! ; tliey alao placed thcnuo^ivcs at tablv all on ihc sauie ald«,
nml t)if tn«ii on the otbor. They dunced after dlnovr to the iiiuxic of
Lauzun's leclon, wliluli liud bwn bruui,[)il Ihtm* cxpreafly. Neither the
men uor ttiu irumvu dauce welti all Btretch out and U-D){tt)cn Uiclr arms
Id a tray Tar from ajireuablc. ] found myself at table very near a Captain
of an American frigate, whom 1 had sctn at Nantes. I p«rc«iv«d to-day
wbU« trying lo convors* wllh the ladkA. lliat I sltll was xery Utile accus-
tomed to lliG Kiif HmIi langiia^. During diiiiirr we dmiik dllfi-rvnt healths,
a« Ia iisaal, nv ny thoHc of Ibe Amerk-and, and tlit^y to the ht-altli uf tho
KlnK of France. This vxtvuiled to vvvrybuil)': Torori patuInK tlirouj;li nu
antv-rooin, where some negro HcrvantA were drinking, I heard tlietn drink-
ing togctlter the health of the Hini; of Frantc-."

In September, the French Minister. Luzerne, arrive<l in
Providence with a letter from (iciicral (.irecnc to <iovL'ntor
Greene, intn>ducing him as one whose '^zeol for our cause,
and the attachment he has manifested for our interest, enti-

*.\m eurty mt mu, Olliy L'QMIMiwk, of »<a]iort, hmA NtUInt^ to tUi* titnlat'on: Ur wnk

a aaUTs or Qntooa, and wa« a tervaui la ilia Aadlj of Jabbd Dnuion.
38

S98

RHODK WLAy© IS THB REVOLCTIOS.

tie him to every mark of public rcgpoct and fystMrn." ThOi
Cbet*a]jer, iu order to confer with General Bochamtjeaii, was'
OD biA way to Xewport where be arrived October 1, and on
th« evening of that day be attended a "council of adniinifr-
tnUion."

On tlie Htb, M. de T&tH gave a dinner to M. de la Luzemel
and to the Generals. Hifi Excellency left Newport on the
Irtth. It wuA his intention to return home by way of Provi-.
dence, and to accept the hospitalities of Governor Groen«.
In explanation of the reason why be did not do so, Colfmel
Christopher Greene wrote to the Governor, "The French
Ambufisador would liavc had the pleasure of dining with Vour
Kxcellcncy yesterday, (C)ctol>er 10). His intention was to
have gone \\p by water, but the wind and tide both being
agaiiuft it, obliged bim to give over the vi^it ; and as busi-
ness has called him to Iloston, be has gone for that pbu».
lie deifired me to make his best compliments and excuse to
Your Excellency."

WFNTER QTTARTERS.

BOUBBOSXOIS AND S01SS0KN0I8 QUARTER IN NEWPORT.-
LAllZUX'S LERIOX 8EXT TO CONSECTICITT.— RECEPTION BT
UOVEBNOK TKIMBIXL.— THE LEGION QCARTERKD \T LEB-'
AKON AND CO LCI IKSTKlt.— VISITED BV THE MARQUIS DB
OHABTELLUX.- A DINNER AN EC DOTE. -SKETCHES OF CHAS-
TSLLUX AND LAUZUK.

lKE experiences of the summer naturally suggested the
difficulties that would environ the Commissary -Gene-
ral and his associates, as well as contractors, in their efforts
dnring the approacrbing H-inter, to supply the army, should
it remain entire upon the island, with provisions, forage and

OUB FBEKOH ALLIBS.

299

Aiel. Vi'iih tbo story of l^e intense cold, of tlie deep snows,
and of the almost impassable condition of the ro»ds in the
winter of 17K0, the French Commando r-in-Chief hnd been
made actiiwinted, and the possibility of this repenting itself
in the winter of 1781, ma}', with somo other conaidera-
tions, have determined him to divide his ti*oop8, and quarter
a poilion of them on the main hind. On the 81st day of
October, the brigade of lioiirbonnois T^-ithdrew from its sum-
mer encampment and settled in winter r|uiirtors in Newport.
On the Ut day of \oveniber following, the brigade of
Soissonnois did the game. These two corps were amply
sufficient to defund the town and shipping from any winter
assault of the enemj', and tiie presence of the other corps
could be safely diepcnscd with. The legion of hoi-sc waa
expected to take quai-tors in Proridencc.

On the 16th of October. (17«0), the Town Council of
Providence appointed a committee consisting of Paul Allen,
Benoni I'earcc and Deputy-Qimrterninster-General Kphraim
Bowen, Jr., "to procure suitable rooms for the accommoda-
tion of the officers of the corps of cavalry under the com-
mand of the Duke de Lauzun. while in quarters in this
town, and if it shall be necessary, that said committee agree
to pay to the owners of the rooms such rent therefor as said
committee shall judge reasonable to be paid out of the town
treasury." This thoughtful courtesy was appreciated by
General Rocbambeau, but for reasons that will presently
appear, it was decided to send the legion to Connecticut.

From the 2d to the fith of Xovcmber, ('ommissary Blanch-
ard remained In Providence, making arrnngoments for the
reception of the Duke de Lnuzun's legion of horse, numtior-
ing from GOO to 800, which was soon to march to Connec-
ticut, whore it was to pass the winter, for the greater cou-
Tenience of procuring subsistence.

For tliis arrangement, — in every reapect satisfuctor)*, —
the Duke was iudebtcd to the forecast of his Comniandor-
in-Cbief. General Rocbambeau had an eye to economy, oo

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

301

will do all in 3'our power to receive tliat part of the French
t^rpa."

On tbc 9l[i, tlie le^on arrived al Provldoncc, miLking "a
very martial appeamncc." The day was cold, und much
snow fell. The temperature of the next two days continued
low. While here, tho Duke gave a Imll, and Haokor'a liiJl
WHS miide brilliant with bcautifiil women and with the showy
unifoi-ms of French officers. On the lilh, the legion broke
camp and tiwik up its line of march for its winter destina-
tion, fonnitijr the advanced guard of the French troops, which
were to follow the next spring.

'^Vhile at Windham, where a portion of bis Hu^ars was
stationed for a week, uniil t|Uttrtor8 could l>e provided at
I/el)anon, Ijauzim received a visit from the Marquis do CTias-
telhix, whom he entertained at dinner. "Being unable to
get away before half aOer three," writes the Mnniuis, " the
night, which soon came on, obliged me to stop six miles
from Windliam, at a little solitary tavern, kept by Mrs. Hill.
As the bouse had an inditferent appcurancc, I oaked if we
coiild hare heds, the only want we bad ; for the Duke de
I^nnzun's dinner liarl left ns in no uneasiness about supper.
Mrs. Hill told mc, after the manner of the country, that she
could only vpare one bed, as she had a sick traveller in the
hou^c. whom she would not disturb. This tnivcller was a
poor soldier of the continental army, who was going home
on a furlough for tho bcnolit of his health. He bad his fur-
lough in bis pocket in regular form, as well as the exact
account of what was due to him, biit he had not a farthing
either in paper or in hard mnnpy. Mrs. Hill, notwithstand-
ing, had given bim a good Iwd, and as he was too ill to con-
tinue his journey, she had ke])t hitu and taken care of him
for four days. We arranged matters the best way we could ;
the Bohlier kept his bed. I gave bim some money to help
him on his journey, and Mrs. Hill appeared to me much
more atTcctcd with this charity than with the good hard
tftoHvy I gave her lu pay her bill."

302

RHODE ISLAKD IK mS EtETOLUTIOy.

At Hartford, the Marquid was no lew troubled in ftecuring
■ooonmiorlations. " I found the tnnit at Hartford bo full,"* he
aays, "that it was impossMiIe to procure lodgings. The four
«8tfterti States, Ma.ssuijliugclts, New ll0iui}tshirc, Rhode Island
and Connecticut were then holding their assembltoa in that
town. These four States have long held a particular con-
nection with each olher, and they meet together by deputies,
Bomctimcfl in one State and nometime^ in another. Kacb
legislature sends deputies. In a circumstance so uncommon
in America, as rotim lieingwanled for men eoUected together.
Colonel Wadaworth's house afforded me a most agreeable
asylum. I lodged with him aa well ns the Duke dc Lauzun,
•who had passed me on the road. Mr. Dumas, who belonged
to the staff of the aiTny, and wns then attached to the Duke
de Laiiixun, Mr. Lynch and Mr. do Montesqniou were well
accommodated in the neighlHirhood. Colonel Wadsworth is
alraut two atid lliirty, very tall and well mside, and has a
noble a.s well as an ngreeable countenance."

In Governor Trumbull, then at Hartford, the Marquis
found a chsructer that greatly pleased hira. " His whole life
is consecrated to business, which he passionately loves,
whether impoilant or not; or rather, with respect to hira,
there is none of the latter description. He has all the sim-
plicity in his dross, nil the importance and even [>edaatry
becoming the great inugistrale of a small republic," bringing
to mind the burgomasters of Holland in the time of the
licinsiuses and of the Burnevelta. On the morning of the
17th, the M.'^rquis parted with regret from his host nnd from
the Duke dc Laiizun, and pursued his journey ; " but it was
not," he says, "till after hrcakfiist, for it is a thing unheard
of iu America to set off without breakfast."

Kcturning from his extended travcU.the Marquia stopped
at I^ebanon to again pass a dny with his friend, the Duke de
Lauzun. "I was not sorry," he says, "to find myself iu tbe
French army, of which Iheso Hussars formed the advanced
guard, although tlieir quaiiers bo seveuty-five miles from

Otm FBBNCH ALUIW.

SOS

Newport ; but there are no circumiitancet; in wliich I should
not ho hnppy with M. de Lauzun. For two months T had
been talking, n.nA listening, with him I conversed : for it
mast tic allowed that conversation is still the peculiar forte
of the amiable French."

For diversion, the Diikc took the Martjiiis on a squirrel
hunt. Returnin<^ frum Ibu rhase he dined with bis friond*
in company with Governor Trumbull and General Hunting-
ton. Pitrsuiog hi« journey, be reached Providence January
8th, where ho spent the night, and the next day arrived at
Newport, " datislled with having scon many intereating
things, without meeting with any aeeidont." "

■ rhillp Lewli Uarqub dr ChutnUax deiwuJod fW>tn ui eminnil (bnitl^, *iid wu nnh
devAtcd lo lilcMtiue. •■ Id iDC ht paUUhcd Aa cmajt ad tbc unJan «r |>o<-ir)r uid awlik
whicb ac«k4a4wd a lltorarjt coMtitHcr*;.** 11a Bccamimiitnl Eochiunbrau to Amrricn >b m
■fnlvMlaunil. inil wm pramt «llh liti eoauniui'] M (li< ■I't<^ of l orkluwn. ttartnj; hia
TtMiABM Imt* hr w«4* ««v«ral rstMUlT*}o>ani(7a la vnrluni part* ol tlip count rr, lo ftndy
lla dwradw, enatoma aul naoun**- Ha waa l^vormbly kpawn, aiii] lirld ptraiant rrl*
Uow iHtb lb* prlDdiMl IkdiDiM of l>nHlid«iM. Ou the I3iti of Kdcmfrn-, tr$0, hr arrivH
!■ ProrldniM fn»u XeK|>urt «n ma txcanitta 10 rtillBdrl]ihU. Alb*lif. W>-)t I'ftlal, Vlr-
flplft and *l»pwh«r«. Bs diiwO on that daj wlita M. Itlanchanl, CuiiLiiituar/ i>r War,
dnnk tM U ColODtl Boweii'*, vllb tcreral Udka. amutiK Itiein » Uiu Aiw'l. wboin b«
pKittoalarl; mrnilijon, llwn caIImI to fmj lila r««;wvi> to Un. Vamiiro.B[uli>u»cd llio nlf^lit
M DvpDtj-UoTvmor Bowta's. Tita nvxl nwnilaK. tSib, hr l>r«akfa<lpil with Colonrl I'Mk,
whom be dMOrlbe* m " ftn ftmUbl* •nd polite young nian." imkI vrllti wlmw M^at and eotj
domaatlc >n«itKvai«nta h» w** drIlKtilMl- *' Ite r««#ii*d mv tn a rharmlng imuU laonav,
wb«r« bellTMl wltb bla wtr«, whoiaslaoroiuiK.anU taitaplva^'Incf^iiultnacioQ; bnt wlth-
«nl uijttiinK (triking. Tliii lllllr «aUbU>1inii?*l, vtwrt coufori and •Inipllcllr nliCii. (bva
■B WMOf IhM «w**i and fPivKp (tain vf liapfiliirM. irlilrh apjipan to hare Uk*D r*f»tl* In
th* Km World, aflcr conpoDDdlox It vlUi picuur*-, to wblcb it lua left the OU."—7>o*«>

OMvlMrlI,l7!a,1i»nnrav<lfro«nftioiirioS«w lf»nip«blrv,ai»d afltwlilllag Xewporf,
froeMdtd. OR tba 30U), ««tt. Ke waa • catcfut ttn dent, nod Mt otMnrntt«iia and Iniiiilr-
Im tx Anarlca, w«r» Mnbodlpd la iwa lnl*mllii|t aiul valuabl* lolumci. On fati return to
fall eoSKUT tot wu nida ■ UmitIhI of rrancv. UI' IVl^'ii'l, Count tMgfur, ipcaki of bin m
•iM *■ trhM* l««raia( wa* d«roU of |irmni>lloa. uul «tao tiottrd all Iho nMrtl of wtuid
trodlllok la tb« eli«fu of • pun ftod torrMtalylo.''

In in? tl» llAniulii niiuTU4 a ItAy of rttah and brnilr- or ibU went be laflvmed
Waahltigion br Irttcx, «h<i plaj nilljr replied : " I mw b; Ibr ntkij^mni joh ollea made oa
(be bapplnea* of doniMlIc life In AmcrEc«, Utni j-on liad t««Uo«rcd Um ball, and thai yon
«aald as Mirclj be lakrii. law^ day or anotlM-r, a* Ibnt jau were a pblloaoplirr and a •ok
dl«r. S« fouw A*J baa at Wnnth cam*- 1 am ulad of It, with all xnj hrmlt and Kiii). It U
qvlht (ood «aeu(b for yoa. Noir yoa arc wfll aorrcd Utr eoialax to afhi In (avoir i>f the
AMnkan rrbcU. all the wajr arruti llie AlUnlk orrnii, by calcliliix tliat Urrlble r«ata.
(laa, )k>MWIieftllci1)r, abJch lUw IbeHiiall jwx orplaKun^ laancao Iwveonty oik« In bt«

Tbe ttavcla oT the >tiui|nU vera laafawaJ la UMy by J. I', liiltfol dc TrarrDlF, who
nOm alMipljr uuUt Um apWirai tapjiMiJ MBoemlnc Um <{uakcr(, Um aefivef, Uw

SOi

BIIODE rSLASD IH THB BKVOLtTTION.

Tbo I>uk6, hy his Rmenity, nude hirocclf B^rrceable to the
pw>i>Io of Lehannn, and succeeded perfectly in all the busi-
lic-H he had to IniiiTsiuit, wither with Governor Trumhullt or
with !ho lo^slHtiire of the Stnle.* The following unet-doie
ilhiHlrates his ttoclnl chnriK-ter, nnd his nntunil h)vc of fun.
A worthy villager, with the im|uiRit>vune&8of tt;^iiuiiie Van-
koo, linked him whut was bis fnthoKs tmdp in Fniueo. " My
fiither," replied l<niizui), " does nothing, but I have an uncle
who is a Mtirtchnl," (literally a /Virr/pr,) alluding to the
Manx^hal do liiron. '* Very well," said the gmtified Miqnirer,
in uuconM-'iouit innocence of the i>lay ii[Ktn (he word, and at
iht* i^uMio time p;iviiig Ihe Uiike's hand a titrong preasuru, " it
is a very good trade." t

The portion of I^iiuziin's leg^ion for which provision had
thud been made at Lebanon "consisted of about two hun-
dred and twenty or two hundred and forty Hussars, with
about an equal uuuibur uf horses. Thc^^ under arrango-
mentA npeodily ordered by tlovemor TrumbtiU, were care-
fully cjtntunod in Ihu tow^n, a little west of tlie <:hurcb. on
thv road that lends to Colciiestcr. The spot \s kuunn as
*the barracks' to thii day. J It formed a portion of a farm
which belonged (o Governor Trumbull hinuiclf, and which

pMVt*> >*<■«■■ lIvUftlUBTQlnnwar lUpsfc*. wriim [iil*Mia,udprtM*4lB Um-

AmUmt naMwttr tvrlirK, t» Ekfltoh, an^vcd la LoBiIoa, Amb the fnm wf O. a T.
WUM,tamr. IMttKrrflfttty frc tract Ulbou^ht la hMMbtftfUwHglW aTMiHif
bM« mlltoB bj- BMMdIn AntaM. Th* hailterit; of tlw ultux with imwt—bm waO
knan ii> Ub. Mtd Ow bUta tpbU atnUMtod towHib Waahb^lMt. FnudUta, Lalhyctn^
«Md udMn mMficwau* Itf IIm IU*ol«tlaav)' (Iri^tltl*^ thior tW conwctBH* of tb* otdMloo.
AmotUm IV am wrtur. rnuiklUt kftd liottnoc |[e«d wvnt doabilkl p«tHati>, LtfwtM
ki4M«likit*aaitwjn-]MtMloa, ud WwUD(tiui wm •n'Amcrtcu BMtw^'iMAr-
IM ■■ "Nt**** Hwn^* . ■ DIM ■' MMpcctwil la AM«riea."-*faaribt«te4 amdrtnaM»,'»
l*«4i>D«itob«drMdMt.aftdlLirTl^'*MtBaMBaIatham7't The pnriMtlM nar b»
alMMaatthiaa-MrigaltlMaraiMMw*." ThalUivdidwllMnw.

•"Ik* iMwu-a hflMWHokOf^ ftvibi «■■( «rf>otMmM.M 4t*U>- rKo \u rmiibj.
whM VH ««ai vMh ito ■nUtory, fcaw. aad piviiJiaat, to ikt 6taM s< tHaawttoBt. H
MtufT Ibo bwTMks wttkk had bMtt bnU at tt* Boon [talwnwj kr lb MRih. Tta
Dife>ae<L«u(u».ati«H,wbDWM lacmuwad vT ttU* atiMaam. m*Mi UsHtf >«t
agmahU to Um IwryiM kjr bb pwpawwta^ oHBacn^ aad mwmoM In nwr bUMe-
ll*BWMdkh>hMlto«Mdad«,«libMwkh th»ivHraUa Goi«nMr TiwNbwII, or wHb tlM
vlb.r iMwIwn «r Uw tnlihlw* oT tt« 8mfc^-lltadhw>w't JTaitfrK.

T KoAftkkMBl McMln, rNMh •!, nL I, p. Ml

tuaa

OVR FRENCH AI.UE8.

305

sul>8i>(|itrittly piissoil into tlie jHissession of liis son, Oavid
TnimljiilL Other iioi-tion^ of the French cor[>i$ of Iliisiuirs
were <]iiarterc(l uL Coldiesler and iit Wtiidliiiiii, — ut the latter
place, howRver, only tciupomrily, — hy fur the htrgest divis-
ion of the whole l>ein^ ultimately g.ttheivd at Ijebiinon,
and occupying, many of them, portionH of the broad nnd
boiiutifnl viHiige street — there ' by (heir walthfid fires' —
traces of whose seat, in portions of brick ovens, still exist —
to remiitn for almut seven months — their festivitioi* iind piy
panidcs, ut time^, making (he ncijfhborliond spurkle with
life and activity, mid their morning dnun-lH'at ni»king iho
air each <hiy vocal iviih the npn>iising itveilli'-." •

" The Duke dc Ltinxun bad htd own special qiuirtcrs in the
house of the Governor^ son David. Tlicrc he wna moet
hospilnhly entei-tuined ihiring his entire «liiy in the town —
and theiv, in I'eturii for civilities of^en extended to himself
and to lii.s oftlrere by Crovcnior Trnnibnll and by other citizens

of Lebanon, ho often gvive gay and brilliniil ]>:irtie$

tJ|H)n one of thu*e occavioti^, but a, few wceki* ufler the arri-
val of the Ilu^ur corps — at u dinner given by Lauzun in
honor of two di8lin^nii,,hed visitors from the French army
— the Marrpiisde (.'hastelhix and the Uiu-on de Montewjuien,
the latter a ;.'nuKUnn of the illuatrlons author of the * Spirit of
Lnwd* — Governor Trumbull nnd Gencnd Jcdediah Hunting-
Ion were present. The fnnner, at the table, pnuuinneed 'in
a loud vt>ice, a long prayer in the form of a lienettlcite^^
which WM res{>ouded lo by 'twenty ameos iitvuing fi-um the
midst of forty mom^taehes ! "* f

"What tt picture this, from n giiy Krcnchmiin, of the worthy
old GovenHU'! Jle id grave in carriage. IIU mauuors
aoem eerenionion^. He is preceptive in eiiiiversHtion. Ho
courts buiiincss. lie in the happiest of moHaU when ho has
any to tiiint^act. He is pitifonndly cousidernle in itn execu-
tion— is heedful of cunipanng opinions with his Council —

' IJAr of JonMbui Traiaball. p. «c.
89

tCtiMtf ttUK'i Trtrclt.

306 KHODE ISLAND IN THE KEVOL0TION.

and, from Ji hiihit of thoughtful iittcntion, majrniiies even
small iifliiii'ri into 'great ones.' He wears the peculiar,
imposiiijj dress of his ancestors — and there, over a tabic,
where doubtless wailed 'the brimming bowl' — in the midst
of a party of volatile, laughter-loving French officers — to
all of whom good-natured derision and meriiment was an
instinct — to all of whtun, doubtless, the nltcnuice of prayer
befoix; a meal was a solecism — the Governor, in the ti'ue old
Puritan style, 'itat/n t/rmr' — and with .sucli iin()o.-.iiig solem-
nity of manner and sinecrity of tone, lus, for his /t'lial trite ^
to extort 'at once from the midst of forty moustaclies, —

" ' Vociferous at onco from twenty tongues,'

"twenty profound, complaisant Amcns ! Truly it was a
seeiie for a painter." *

Upon luiothcr occasion, the French officers were enter-
tained by (Jeueral Huntington at his residence in Norwich.
"They made a superb njipcaranco as they drove into town,
being yonng, tall vivacious men, witli handsome faces and a
noble air, mounted on horses bravely caparisoned. After
dinner, the whole party, going out into tlic yard, hnzz«ed
for liberty, and. in good Knglish, bade the people to 'live
free, or die for lilicrty." "' f

On the "i-'ld of June, ITNl, I^auznn with his legion broke
up Iiis pleasant c:unp in lA'banon — where he had experi-
enced nothing but the warmest hospitality — to enter upon
the active and stern duties of war, ''looking forward with
hope to some propitious moment in the ciunpnigu now about
to open, when the Hussars who at l^ebiuion had so long
been happy guests, might win laurels thai wontd allure the
!)lessing of tlie venerable patriot of the 'Chsirter Oak
State.'"

During those seven months, the patriotic old Governor
had been winning, in an unusnal degree, the sulmiration and

• Life of Governor Trumbull, p, 501, t /bill.

OUR FUENCII ALLIES. 307

the cslceiii of tlu- Diiko t\ni\ of his oftifors. They honored
him nri n corisciciitidii.s ami devoted hjiulcv in n eommon
t'luiw. Thvy respcH'Iod him as :i wise eouiiRiellor. They
lovi'<l him iis a fallier. Indeed, so stron;; was his iiirtuenee
over fliem, tliat on one oci-asion. when a soI<]iei" was to 1)8
linnished f(H- desertion, he was tried in the ^ruard-room after
nine o'ehick tit ni<rht, ;ind cxec'Mte<I before tlie mornini; light,
lest, if the case sliould come to the knowlciljre of the hnnianc
(ioveinor, he would interfere to save the culprit's life. An
incident related I»y hi:; s(ni. Colonel John Trnmbull. i'uilher
illustrates the happy iniin'cssion which the generous (.Jovernor
made upon his volatile guests. One day, in ITil-l, while
ti-:nclli)ig along tlu^ Ithine, the Colonel found hiinself at
night-fall in the village of Mulhaiiscn. It was tilled with
Kroicli troops. The }ard of its iini and the entrance to it
were crowded with Krench otfieers. Fearing that lie .should
he obliged to jjass the night in hi.s earriage, outside the
walls, he ap|)ealed to tin; inn-keeper for a l)4'd. The result
lie thus describes :

'''I am afraid that will be impossible,' replied the inn-
keeper. 'Hostilities arc about to he renewed; the head-
quarters of the ccprnnianding general are estaldislied at my
house, and it is entirely occupied l)y him and his suite; bnt
eome willi me, and I will do as well as I ciui." I followed
thr(»ugh a crowd of young oiKcers, and at the do(»r met the
old (ii'iicnd coming ont. The vctenm looked at me keenly,
and asked bluntly, ' WJio are yon? — an Englishman?'
'Xo, (ieneral, I am an American, of the United States.*
'Ah I do yon know Comiecticut?' 'Ves, sir; it i.s my
native State.' ' Von know, then, the good Governor Trum-
bull?" 'Yes, General, he is my father.* 'Oh I iiion Jh'cu.'
'/'"'./'' ■'""''< ''fn'riiiff; I am delighted to see a son of (lov-
ernor Trumbull ; vith-cz, ciitrfz: you shall have su|)per, bed,
everything in the liouse.' I soon learned tlnit the old man
had been in America, an ofKcer in the legion of the Duke do

308 BBOtlE ISLAITD IN THE hEVOLDTION.

Lauzun,' who had been quartered in tuy native village dur-
ing the winter I had paswed in prison in London, and had
heard inc mnth spoken of there. Of course I found myself
in excellent quarters. The old General kept me up almost
all night, intjuiring of evcryhody and everything in America,
and espccijilly of the people of Lehanon, and iibnve all, the
family of Huntington, ivith whom he had been utiurtcrcd."

NOTB.-1I V not qiille H-rliln tluil the etdlrt Irjrtoti *r T.auniu qiumfrpJ In CntiflcdlMt

during th* wliilcr nf Envt-nl. {Antf, ft. SfH.) Il Is lliimglil tiy tionip tliHl iHl' uiiiuiiTiiit(<iI

BD«Mnnt'r<? rfi*.|pivc| U1 Rlipilt; Itletnd, nnO that [hc>yni;«'tJt«] iliu provision proBVred I he
legion b7 the [jiaic.

*Thp Diikv do La.uiiin wot born In I'arl*, Aprit IS, 1747, Alter lili flnal rflurn Traia
Anwrics t" (■'rHjic'' lif WW I'lecleU, in ITMi. ■ m*mtnT of iIih Siaitilifni'tat by tlif nnMlity
of Qnercj. He look WMv pnrt lii tlic ilcbatr:* , but ivhi'ii lie (puke hi* spccdin iri-rr dislln-
gallhed foi HlmplU'liy, ^iinrispiipii], kthI giurlli' nf ihi.- prlnctplm emtndala-il. In 17\)£ tjc
wupent to London. cunJuJutlr will) Tall&yrHTK] andl'hHuvclli), on u dipJoinftrie mlr^lon.
Aflerihe ilrvtii of \\i» unfli-, the Hnr^lial iJi: BLmn, tie luaunii-d llii:' fiinillf tltlr, whidi M*
ftthfr did ii"t uiah lo bi>iir, ari'l <irM« I'Vfr hDpi- knou'iL a< Lhikti cle niroti. tli; scntij IllF

Republic ill cioTiim, Savoy And Ln V»n<tf*i but liiiMirrlnj ttic ill-'plmi'iiiii of iIm- n-i-altiiinn-

»ry lribaD:ir, fiir !lir fnvor »liown f lui Vrndp»n^ MfltT fliplr Biilijiiipiliop, lie wm c«>riil('iunF<l
OB the oliarui? at lim-tn^ paptlclpnifd II u pninpii^pr agnlnHi the KJTjnbMr, nni r>'?iM'[iilj(T
31, 171R,w]is gii II I (II In Ml, l{«ii»lii, a(Viin<7t ol (1)<' Mlnlbtr^iQ ii iHI^-r to hl» fVicnil Vln-
wnt, under dxK- 'of Au^imt I. l?.n. miiti>s n mc^rU of ItHvIrifc ciintrlljiLiud lu hiii dunnfatt
and death. "JavvMy ruEiiiucrii niiil a socIhI (llfptn-iiloa. lie iinllt^l ii|i;«m'rou9 rplKt, Kiillii
tbeniitural ^nLceof bli dcportmrnt <«&■ f\aiie pceuli».r to h.\saui^."—SJgur'» Mrtaotrt.p.

a 19.

Meinoin t/i^nrfiii; liis name wtre pulllBlit-il in Vtxi* In iSXi. The porttou relatEnfi la the
French ami; In Aim<rk-n. Iinriiii)nl<!ipii In lis utati'in^ul « with thciiu! vhlcli uppeiir lu the
memoira o-f IlI* imnrpuBionB In nrni'.— LrumIs J-CRur, I>uiiirt»i nnil ijltirrs, nthiT parts of
the work I'tj-ki'sI thul il* iitllof mujlinvc tnhen lln- rrttdom to nniplir!' tlip slorics of per-
■onal sdveuiiitir, Jf lie did not Indeed mult^plj' t\iv\n, to 8ull p. moxtild tnite far laid uf rkI-
Ikntry.

I O tr

OUB PftEKCH ALLIES.

309

FRENCH ENCAMPMENT IN NORTH PROVIDENXE.

CAMP STREKT NAMEIV— nEADQUABTElIS TEST.— NOTICES OF
THE I>BXTEKS.-TllEm BILLS.— HEMANH OF JOSEPH LAW"
RES("E.-A BBADINO BEKOKE THE RIIOUE ISLANO ItlSTOBI-
CAL SOCIETY.— A I'AUK SI UJC. EST ED— ACTION OP THE HIS-
TORICAL 80CIETV.— I'KIVATK MlINIFIlE.NCE. — SUttVEV OF
THE CA.MIm:R0LtNI>.-A LIST OF PBESCH OFFICBBS WtTH
AS8ION'ftIENT OF gUABTEBS — DB. SOLOMON OKOWNE.

FTKU pi-ovi(Iii)<r for us niuiiy of the troops as coutJ be
II ccnm modal c<l in Newport, nnd sending Lnii/iinV

I to Connect k-nt, a cnmp whs opened for oiliors in North
Providence. M'lietlmr all llie iirlillcry reuiainiKl in Newport
thi-on^h tho winter does not appear. The spot »cleeted for
the cimp w;w a pltitcuii on tlip summit of the rldi^e lying
oast of "I'liwlnckot Avenue." The aoiithcni hoiiudiiry was
narriii<rlon"s Inne, now North street. The northern boimd-
nry w.-w CImce's lane. In width, the southern line of ibo
encampment extended from a wall n few rods west of the
northern termination of C^mp street to the present '^Enst
Avoniie," possihly u little beyond.' The entire tcirilory U
now williin tht! limits of Providence. The location was well
chosen, l>eing near enouj^h to the town for the coiivynience of
the coraniisMries, iind sufficiently remote to prevent annoy-
ance from the soldiers. The western and novth-westom jiros-
pocts were uxlcusive, pictuivsqiio imil enlivcninfr- The fresh
breezes from every quarter wore jEjuurantecs a^iinst niahirtn,
while the contour of the ^iiciunpment rendered necessary
drainage comparutively ciisy. The main street of the camp.

•CuMp HrtH, rxli-Mflng (Men Oln^y dml 1« Sorlli »ln»-i. oHitiMlli horr lite iwim ftf

■Gn-ru l^ur." Hardi :t, IMJ,lli>oiii|i« vptHianfrd loNiwitiUrown ■lrral;BiKl I)vcan»-

I Wr 3], itmt. na rt«oinmmilHtli>k of Aldmuaft )m«i> TIturbtr. lli* nsvie wu ont* uan

iMiABftd io " Camp itmi." u a «iit«tiip rpiiilnd«' at Ibe TmiHi eMMn|iiBcfil. The IIMM

tmmt mggntta t» Mr. Tlmlwr l>]r lili wd-Ik.Uit, Mr. Joltii Ovrinam.

310

BETOOE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLtTTIOK.

extending north and eonlli iipwurd:} of half a mile, divided
llic pl.iteHii wry upurly in the «fiiter. tju-U side was lined
with h'liU. On the eustcni i^idc of the stri'L-t were several
mngos of hilt)*.* Teiits. liiiU, kiteheiis. bospital. feinks, etc,
were Ittcalod on nllior imrl-* of ihc field in aetrordant'e with
tntliliir}- nile. A lai^c hendijiiHrlcrd tent, Mimioiinled with

BKAM}UJK1XKa.

an umnnientul urn. was pltehod near the western side of Ihc
main slrt'et, nutl nhont twenty rods north of Xoilh street.
iJy Hying cohirx. diiity drill-s, dress partules, and socijd hog-
pilnliiies, nmtiy of Ihe towns-people ami uthen*werL' drawn to
enjoy for the hmir tJie "pomp of war," without considering,
porha|>s, the terrible ciirnago of miuio hard-fon^ht bnlllo-
tichl, (in whirh nmny of these gay soldicrit might suod bo
called to lay down their lives.

•Ttobuiiwvrv nftrm frpt Imix ktid iw^rve iHt whli'. AftrribryerMrd i« br iHnI br
lb» mrtaj, Ihvj- wrrr |>urrliawil fiT Jmepli Drx»»rt eMNtr. A eoloml IkinD} ucmpipil our
<tf (tirni fix K-^rnU ji-an m • liunic.

I

J

OUR FltEXCH ALLIES.

311

TIic luml upon which ihe camp vras hero cstalilishcd nrigi-
nally coneititutuil a part uf mi c^tntc of niore thmt one Ihou-
sainl ncxv^ (so tnuliliou says) owned liy (lie Kcvercntl
Groiforj* Doxtcr, iin e:»rl/ scltlcr and a pmrnincnt citizon of
Providence. From hia decensc until iiiiitu roL*eiitly» it has
romaint'd uiilmikcn in tho hands of his poslerity. In ITHfl,
.Tcreniiafi, Joseph and Ii;<iw)ii\| Dexter, gniit -grand sons of-
Gro':i>ry Dexter, wi-re ownera of the uamp-gruunii.

Their fallior was Ctiptnin Stephen Dexter, who lived on
the honu'-iitcjid of his father, JuUn, aon of fiwgory, a little
norlhwiinl of the N»r1h Hnriiil (ii-ound, on the uist >^ide of
" Pawtnckct Avennc." He \vfi five sons, — John, Joseph,
Cbri&topher. Jcrumiiih, and Kdwnrd, — iinU three tUngbters,
Susiin, Krcelovc and Waitstill.

Jeremiah Dexter was ii fanner, wnd resided nt tho foot of
llurnngtoirs lane, on the nvenne nhovo mentioned. He wju
celelmited hs u "initnnd hone Kcller," and wns h worthy uian,
llpiight and prucisf in hII his hahit.-^ and dealings. A -ilory
is told of him in tho family, that at thu time of tho French
encampment he brought one day into his bniiiio n l>ag of sil-
ver, which he lind received from tho French for the u&o of
(he land, and pmhahly in part for farm pro<hico tiold to them.
Pnittng it on the iUwr, he told his two nieeei* that ho would
give ittoeilherof tliem that could Ud it, hnt neither was nhlo
to do ?o. He married Inli^ in life, and dlc^d March 1, I?t07,
leaving uiue children, tho hist of whom, Anna Dextor, died
Octol>er 13, 1874, in the eighty-fifth year of her ago. She
closed her long life in the homestead where her father lived
and died.

When the idlies finally left their encjimjiment, there was
due to Jeremiah Dexter, for six hnn4lred and ninety-nine
corils of w{M)d, "cut off 2.'i acres, 1 rod and 14 poles of
hmd," and for ihtmage done txt fences, etc., the sum of
$l,44(>\. In his compensation for this demanti he wiu less
fbrtunate than in the sale^ just mentiuuetl. He was paid, not

312

RHODE ISLAND IN'TUE UEVOLUTIOK.

in ''hard monoy," Init in crontiiieiitui pnjwr, wUicb, in its
deprcciiiteil stjite, becnme a talal loss.*

Joseph Doxtor, a brother of Joi-cniiah, died iinmnrried.
Ileotrncd and livud in n house on I'uwtiu-ket Avunuc, nenrly
niidniiy liolueen Nortli stivct and the residence of the late
Honorahio Edwuixl P. Knowks, which, during tho llcvolu-
tion and iiflcr it, was ii tavern, Imring a hull's head fur u i^i^Q-
The old main hiiilding wua jiitlled down n few years sign.
The newer kitc-bon portion has been converted into a cottage
reHidcnt'C. Joseph also h;i<l a claim against the French allies
for nine hundred and tifty-thi-ee and a half conU of wochI,
"out ulT .11 aiTcs. 3 I'odb anil !> poles of hind," and for dam-
ago done to fences, etc., amounting to $2,047^, (cstiinrilud
pi-obaldy ill spt'cie,) which was paid. Incapable, from some
cftii.se, of taking ciU'e of his estate, he, for ninny years, was
placed under guardianship. His diflcwnt guardians appear
to have been very tuithfut in tbc dischai'ge of their tnista.t

•Tliipinr#l,Hn',4. ["hkrd niciiiej-,"proli»lil;,l wrrf the tuui otdrrcil bj the (inicnU A»t»n»-
bly lubi- ^tilil la.lcrvRiluli tirxiiT on il>v km aril uiudv try ■ RimitiKlcc npiiuliirfil tir llml
tniily III i-xAiriliir litlu «iiil n'|*iTl U|iun IbraiiltJpM. Awatdiiij turn Iniilllii'ii in Ilii- Umlly,
■III- •'■iijiriii n'(viv<-<] ill roiiiiiipuriil ym\»T <■■* aJiOOn; f;o uti-n. pali) In niiMiiua Arnold lur
lw«iitT.rour aud H •lUM'Icr cinTd* or wnrHl, rciKE dtilruyiil, rtc: ti'f, to JriYttilMli ^njlv*
for full r cfrnh uf muoal «ni) fi-iicv [Irilnij^il; 910 Cu ]Vtr<r HaDitall fin fV'ncr, rlc, ■Ir^trnyi'il;
mill tloi.i JIairy OrKitrr foi fvim. He., driU«}*vil. IIlp anBrillnx WinuilUM- u1m> moircd
• III lu c>>in.|)riiMii[U'a for lis icrvtci-*.

f TW T'lllaitluic bill will bi- In idan- in tlita Funnrdluii, WiTIImn Saillh wa« Hint guard-
ian of .l<»r)>ti- TliH nriiiuiii nlih liiru .ulilcli >p|wiirs lu tiuii; li-KU" ■» 17H^, wti* miili?rctl
MAldit Mr.Multliby Jowph'tMUle, In ITW:

UK- LriWABD I^HITII,

To JutiKi'ii Okxtkb, Dr.

in<i.

To itKiniif _»<iii wn-liMl «r TlinmK* Artiulil. thai he rewlvulof Ihc lYencli Tiir

wood nii'1 iJaniadv* ilvnv Ur ili« Frviicli annr, - . - Jtdl6 i 0

TuiiitrmlonMinrfruKifllll Jau'j-. irvl, IfiMi^wpt., ITlnl. - • ■ < SO

Tu *pi>rii)Hll'>n or lui^nraw ul'iak-* upon tlir llutj jiurcliacci! bjr yov. • )l 17 0

Tu Ilir IiiIkitM on Ilie inmr, . . . . . . H i; 0

Tu nioiic.r iluti rrniHlnciI lu tlie Bland of Tboma* Arnold aricr iIlp Bnt (HHo-

nirni wUliUip ('rcneli. ■ • . • - II 17

To llitriril uit Ihr stlur. lA yi>ar«i • - • . • . It 1Z I

AcvoritluK to iraillilon, niueli ot ilir tln-l coii«un»'<<l tij tti« lrrxit» uiu ^iiC frwin lliv (bn>*t
wItlilD tlir llnilli' »r tho camp-xmiiml. I'tir tret* wet« muaily of prlinliW(< itrontli.

Al .Vi'HiHFrf. ■ilriiiHiid of JiiM-fli t.nirn'iicr, animi rilfnft lo I.IM llvmand V>.:i ilvniWn,
tor*tftv* rkiriiUIii-il lo iliu Vrvorliuriiiy. wan |>alil b\ H.de UhuIiiv, AiiKutI 11), I7H0. Four
Ovrnli'M wvrr n-ckonral lo a llvrc. Tilt' bill wm rrtidcTrd In llit> Kn^ivch lanjtuajn-. and iru
lrali»tali>d Into tliiRlUli Uj « 'nliiii.r.'i 'I'lidina* L. Ualwy. wlio nrllltnl Itiir curncltipBt uf tllO
IrMialallonbvrtitP Nalliaotrl Wlipaion, Jupiirv of Ilit ri.HKv lu l*n>vidMic*.

OUR FRENXn ALLIES.

&13

He die<l in 1813^ ntiil Ksek Kslnt uas nppoiii1«il adntiiiititra-
tor of III!* estate.

Kdwun) Dcxlur built und cKYiipictl ivlmt is uovr known us
ihe " Jliill-wiiy Jloiise," on tlie we»i side of Vuwtiickpl Ave-
nue, the old roiid, a Utile south of Ibo late toll gnte. He
was n ship-miiRlfir, whitrh ofrnpittion ho fullowod for 8oiiie
yenw, until he was lost nt sea, in 1770. IIo left two
daughtei-h, M\d two jioimi, — Stephen and Edward. — who, for
n niinilHii' of years, were in hu;Binct» logelher in Providence,
whoi-e they were well known. Edward, the survivor, died
in 1^G0» nged ninety yeare.

A DECAYED IKTEKEKT ItKVIVEIJ.

In the <'o«rsc of ciglity-four yonr*, nearly all the eitizcns
of Pix>videni.'e, m-Iio in childhood or in youth hud lieen
nttnictcil to the military di^phiy niiido Iiy the Freiieh titlies in
the North Providence oncnmpment, had departed this life.
As uo .steps, cither public or private, had been tnken to
pi-eserve the identity of the spot, or to keej) alive in Iho
minds of Ihe rising generation the spirit it was calculated
to inspire, even the tmditions of the winter (piarters of
1"H(>-8I, had grown too dim to maintain a hoUl upon the
interest of the coiumunity. Indeed, so appiii-ent hud indif-
ference to the past become, that when, in 18(!5, 1 read before
the Rhode Ishind Historical Society an outline of this his-
tory, which I hud sketched iu 18ti4, J introduced it with
the follnwinif remarks :

Some of our citterns Iiave )od^ been nwarr of tlie existence of tbe oM

carap-^rotind oL'Cupk-d b> 11h* Frviicli artn.v wliilc 'juurlrn-il In thl-4 8tn(i', la
the years irsO ITMl niiil I7SS; hut few, perhaps, can ilcfltiP Its pxoci loml-
Ity, or [Kititl ant lo the Mrnni^er the »|>ot us one of the vWllilc liindmnrka nf
tlie Ik'Vultilloii Blill cxiAllnj! Id nnd around ouroit)'. Already ooe portion of
lite sniuiMl, whvre our ralLhrtil aDlf^ n ore ftlicHfnHl, liait Imwh (lotI«tl witli
ilwt-IliUK*, nnO nnuther hmt brvn overtunipO Uy the plnugti ami the xpado
of (lie liusliniiilmiin. In a Tl-w yc»n, probnbly, utl traces of ttie encamp*
nient wlU be IomI, and Its i>lu- will beconit.- a matter of tradition. It Is
mnch to he rt^grvttcd. itiac a plan of ttto cncntnpaitm had uot bi:«n made
40

3U

RnODE ISLAKD W THE REVOLUTION.

bcTnn tltl« work uf oblllcrailoii was bcKun, Bod It reema ulniiiK tliat K
•pot ftro*iiK) wlik'li so tnnuy iiit(rrt.-!<t)]is mrtnoried gntliur Hhuiilil luive
retained so ftji-Wc n hold upon piihllc jitttiillon It wtHiM liavt- iippcurptl
more titiliirnl fur pnlHntbin lo irnvt.- crcctrd a iDcmoi iiil »toiic upriii titr
grounil. to contnii-riiO[.itp tlK-crcut no*] lo Identify iltc i-Int-tr. J)iiLotir» l«
ipss tlic iige of si'iiiliiitftit tlinii of ittllily. I'ntrlulk- prnmptiupi. n» oiictt
*-xi»lin«. have glieti jiUce to ttirifl; nud th« fact tlt»l a spot "Ukh. In n
HoniHii a»f. Would Iinvo been marked by a iiilUlMry nrcli, Iihh ttven tat-
titm} In pftso Into cuiiipnriitlve otjllvtuii. must liikc lin pluei; t>L-»idi.- ■iiutht-r
fact evon inoru n-riiarkHblp, viz. : that ■■ What riioi-r Jtmk," siciod to the
memory of tliv founder of Ithode I>lrtiid, linji iH-en ftlluni'd. Mtihnnt
tIioii;:tit or ri>mon>lruTicc, tube burk-<J bciieuth lIiL-sand and rubM»Ii uf
street cxcavoiionit."

Cous-idtiliia all lliv circiiinslaucea that marked the tarry oP llie Frt'iicb
army fliiiotig uf>, and thv fuel ihnt llliodr I^lmul tntupi* wci-i- K.-i r.onipati-
loiis III linns In tliti tttv^t of YorktuWD. tl)c surrmdrr of which mtf the
lust ^reat iiillltjiry (^vcnt of the war of th« Revolution, It woiil<) hi- tMnt-
naiily proper that wimc inemorlal of tin- rVirndly rplnlions of i;((0-i;.s2
»li<mhl b« plitced npon the camp-grniiDd. to mark Us locality In all romlng
time A simple ni'tMHhifnt wHli uu ftpproprliitv liiscrlptluii. Wit Iti thi- ueti-
tcr uf sruuud-s n-M-rvcd tiK a 1'aiik. would be nl oiicc auttJibIc fur tlie pur-
pone here sti;iK<^nL('<I, anil attractive to vi'lcor^ r>(tin other prtrLs of unr
ooDniry. It )» ti> bL' hoped that sorafthiiti; of this klud will yi.-t be Oooc.

Fifteen years Itiler, pubUe iiulifTei-uiice, it in •rmlifj'ing to
record, had given place to interest in histonnd localities and
events oftbo iievolutiontiry period. The seed sown in hope
had jreriiiiiinti-'d : qiiiukened, pcrhnps, liy (lie centeiiniiil cent-
inenit»nilion3 of (ho cfiplure of General Pi-cseott and of the
battle on Hhodo Island, together with the prospective
niitionni com nirni oration of the surrender of Cofnwallis nt
Yorktown ; but even now (l»^y2> there are but few peivons
in Pro'\'ident-i>, eonipiired with the entire |)i>pulation, who
have Tisited the fanii>-groitnd, or who can inform a stranger
wheix! to find it.

* Tlic prc<f rtkTiua of ililf Koclc. a> a 1d«lorlr«l mrtnorlnl ot the Ibuntlcr of tlie State,

fhliii n t»\i- lltnl iiD-Rinl «l[iiii>l lii<>vltiil|lr. v>i» >.:ii-nil lliiirx ■ topic of cunvi-TsAllan mt
nirvrliijp of tlia Uliiiil(> InlNntl Hlftorlral !^i>Hi'l< , huiI k i»iiiriitiii'» vai njipnliili-il.iif vhlcli
liu- lAle l'r»*l(lrul. 11k ItonomMo XtieMttinh Allen. «■««. cliHlnuun. tw Mnfrr wllti ItwClly
CoUliiHI Diid iillii'miiiiinilhc >u1t]i-i-l. Tlila Intcrjiuillliiii xtiiTnllhi.'riiiBrrjiiiKantl rrRUttal
of liLoct»«f ilir aToiir, l>i tiinltlviiL •iimnllty lur a tnuiiiiiiiriitnl piopum. Whi-ii iIip nutera
rsircMLliyor WUliMuiiitrcft «liftll 1iiii'i< lovu f rnik-d to nirvi ittf' nfWninrjttQal Krrft.wMeh
eolt tilt »Tir»e uf " Wb»l Chrer Co»e." Ihu bwl of llip vxX wlU Ik- «ivrn-it fnitii nilrm la
iwvmj' feel berti-mh thp Hirface. The quarried Mount, It Iw* Invd •dm^X^U, *1iould bo
ljuII[{atoAiBDUutDCDt louiurli ih««pot.

OUB FRKVCH ALLIES.

M5

The Ilorioniblo Suuiiicl G. Arnold, lute Pi-c^tdent of the
Kbodc Island llintortciil Society, slioilly ticfuro his lumctited
doatli, Febniary 13, 1880, expnt-wcd ii wish nimilar to the
one ultcrud hy mytifit' ill liiG5. It ivas " (lint vometbing
nit<r|it lie dono to conimemoi-ate tlio enranipiiiRnt in the
north part of our city i>f the Freuch troops of our Revolu-
tionary iiriuy, beyond "the mere culling of Ciimp street in
its ixtmenibrunc*." He siij^estcd "that a I'nrk Ik; iirran^cd
on the liile tu honor of the troo)>s,*' if pniclicaMe ; btit if
not, then that thci-e ahoiild Iw n^iven to streola the numos of
Kochnnilicau. Viomcsnil aod Gimat. "on no nccoiint omitting
the latter, n ho, in a led-s pru-cintnent |H>sitioii, showed great
bravery, and led tho American forlorn hope at the storming
of Yorklown." Tho 6iif^e»tiou of a Park was lo me a plea»-
ing L'otncidenc'e, co[nii)<; na it did, in a hiIcwii uioinent of
life, from the lips of the uccompltt^icd historian of Rhode
Irtland. This wish was coninumicatcd hy Mrs. Cornelia K.
Green, a sisier of the deeeascd, in a letter addressed to ihe
Hon. Amos l*eiTy, Secretary of the Kbodc Island Ilistor-
ioat Society, who, in iiccoi'dancc *vith a reriHcst of Mr.
Aniold, lai<l it tH*f<)re that htidy at a mecl.in<; held duly <!,
16150. In appruhatiun of its contents, a commillee uas
appointed, corit«iHling uf Profetisor William Gammell, Jiid<^
John II. Stincss and General Horatio Rogers, to Like suil-
ulile action uj>on the subjei^t. The committee sul>scquently
conferred willi the Miiyor of the city, the Hon, Thomas A.
Do3'lc, who informed (hem that names were iisnaMy^ven to
new sti^ects when they %vere laid out by proprietors, and
long before ihcy were offered to (be city for aecejUanre, and
thai when oneo accepted, it was undesirable to change their
names, if it coulil be avoided. He advised, therefore, that
the commiitee present tho wishes of the Society to tho own-
en of the land through which those streets were oponeil, hy
whom it would probably be easy to carry them into efi*ect.
Hi? further iidvi.sed that the names selected for tliU pnrpoae
should not be ditficult of pranunuiulion by ordinary Eiigtiak-

3t6

RDODE ISLAND Di THE REVOLUTION.

sp«akin<; people. The committee reported the results of
its interview with the Mayor, iind expressed itself m rcuJy to
give " still furtlier attenlion to the matter in nccordanco with
the judicious iidviec of thf Mnyor."

Here the niMtl^r temponirily rested, or nither llie leaven
begnn quietly hut efl'ectively to work. At n meeting of the
Ilistoriful Society, bold Febnmrj' 21, 1882, the SecreInQ',
Mr. IVrry, announced Ihiit a genilcmnn who wns " interested
to see in the State uf libode Uhmd a. moniimt.'nt thnt shall
indicutc and foster the spirit of gnitiludf! to the Trench
nation for co-operating with the American people in their
stnigglu for liheriy and indcpendeiife," had authorized him
to purchase n portion of the e^nmp-ground stiitiil)le for h
puhliv Park. This has been done. Twenty-seven acrea
were pui-cliHsed of Mr. John Morris, who occupies the .lerc-
miah Dexter house, at the comer of !*ji«'(ucket Avenue «nil
North street. Several additional acres of adjacent laud were
also purchased, for the purpose of icndering the lot more
symmetrical — the whole making a tract of nearly thirty-two
acres. This operation was conducted with entire secrecy,
and when iho injunction was removed, the pid*tic-rtpiritcd
citizen proved to be Hi-nry T. lieckwilh. Esij., of Provi-
dence. ^Mien Mr. Ferry unnounecd to the meeting what
had been done, the niO!*t lively interest was ninnifcsted,
showing on Its part coiuplele &ui-prisc. Professor Gammell
well remarked, " that this Pork must henceforth be regarded
as a uatiunal affair. The generous and public-spirited citi-
zen who had planned and e.\eeuted this work by the assist-
ance of tbo Secretary, merited and would receive liasttog
honors."

Thus the long-desired Park has been insured ; and when,
in the future, private or municipal munificence shall have
employed esthetic taste and »kill in adorning the gvouuds
with walks, shade trees, flowers^ a foimlain and a statue of
ICochambeau, or with some other appropriate monument.

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

317

TOLL HOUSE

ISr. LANE.

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Diagram op thk Freuch Encampukkt in North Providekci, 17W-SI.

318

RHODE ISLAND IV TUB UEVOLUTION.

the uiiin^iictic nttmction of the spot' wilt draw iniiltitiitlcH to
enjoy its refrosbirig breezes ami ita deligJitful runil scenery.

SURVEY OK T«K CAMIMJHOUSD.

In 1865, assisted bv >Ir. Henry K. Davis, of the Prov^
dcncc flmirnal, I made h ciircftil siin'cy of tlio (tncnnipmcnt,
for the juirpose of preserving sndi of its remains as time
and llirift bad sjwireU. In this survey we were siiicecssfiil
beyond our most sangiiino expectations. Going over the
grounds several liuies, we found no Oifficnlty in tnteing
clearly definotl sites of three hundred and thirteen huts,
tents and fire pits. These, of course, were not all; but it
was n source of great satisfaction that, amidst tlio mutations
of ycai-s. so many evidences of the winter luinu' of our
French allies were still visible. To insure entire accuracy,!
subsequently went twice over the ground, comjiaring my
diiignmi with the sites that had been noted ni>on it. Tho
result of the survey was placed uiwn a plat, which ai;coui-
pantcs this volume. Tho note in the mnrgin will make the
plat entirely intelltgihie to the reader. In this plat, most of
the divifiinn walls and fences of the encampment have Iwon
omittetl, as lending to confuse tho mind in ivgiU'd to its
topography. On the preceding page is a diagram of the
encampment, %villi lines indicating the division walls and
fences, as they appeared in 1805. It was an ort'-hand sketch,
made from points where the grounds could he overlooked,
but with nu pi*etcnsi(tn to a surveyor's aecunicy . The ground
enclosed in the rear of the center house on North street, as
seen on the diagram, was cultivated as a garden. The lot
between that house and tho corner of Kast Avenue was used
as a vegetable patch. The (ield next north, in which a
spring is indicated, had been used as a pasture ever since
the French allies ceased to occupy it. Here, ivmaining tent
sites douhl easily be counted. The ridges of eaitli thrown
up from the drainage ditches, by becoming hard liirf, had
left the outlines plain. The field next north had long been

OUB FBEVCH ALLIES.

819

iindet' cultivation, ami vre were n»ne too soon in sccnrrng
the tent nnd but sites williin its limits. In this livUt wus
tocnlcd the tarn^c^tt inimltcr ofliuts, as shown mi iho ilin£;mni
by snijill, lit:u-k aqiiares. In the third tioM ihu te^nt sites
wcro less luiiueroiis, litit were reudily disceniud. Alun;r the
eiistprn Iwrder of tlie cnciiuipnieni M-ill be noticed a skirting
of woods*, ill wltich nppenr* ;i number of hut sites. In the
uoploiif^htrd lielij. butwceii the main strcnt of the encamp-
ment and the vvchkIs, arc seven black, oblong figures. There
^•honld h:ive been eleven. These represent excavations,
about thret! feet squiii'c and tiHecn inclie>t in flepth, n»cd,
probably, for fire-places of tents or hots. Against the south-
ern side of each of tliese pits was fcnnid placed a stone iire-
haek, darkened ivith smoke, and nt the iKitloni were remains
<if charred ivood. Ju»t in the edge of the MMithem tind of
tho w(K>ds was a symmetriealty formed nionnd ; but the pur-
pose fop vvhirh it was raised can only be conjectured. Near
by, in the form of a basin, was an excavation, indicated on
the diagram by n cresL-cnt. Two similar basins were noticed
in a field adjacent, on the west, to tho pasture-field already
mentioned. A second mound, smaller than the first named,
was found in the woods in the north-Citst comer of the
encampment. But further delniU are unnecessary. It is
sufficient toa<ld, ihitL the vestiges of the enciinipnictit remain-
ing visil>le in iwiio, as here described, have now, with few
exceptions, totally disappeared. The woiidman's axe has
felled the forest grove ; the tent and hut sites have been
buiied beneath tho multiplied furrows of the plough; stone
walU have been removed; llie loealiou of fem-os Uoa been
changed ; and when I made my last visit to the grounds for
II final n'vi>inn of my plat,' !<u changed had they become,
thiit I sought in vain for some of the fiimiliar landmarks, 8S
guides to spots I wished particularly to inspect.

•M«r 1. ib7».

330

BHOOK ISLAND IN THE REVOLDTION.

AgSIdXUKNT OF UOMKK TO OmCEES.

As miiy woll hp fiiippopod, tho French officers, who wore
to pnas the %vintcr in the camp or in the town, recoi\-cd n cor-
dial welcome. Among Ihu princijml cittxens, wbo extended
to thorn ctim't^sicrt.-wcre Govertuir Nicholti^ 0>okc, Dopnty-
ficvcmor Jjihcz Rowcn, Messrs. Nicholas, John iind Joseph
IJrown, .Joseph Kuasoll* Colonel Joseph Nightin^iilc, Colo-
nel Kpbraini Ilowcn, Jr., Dr. Tnimiin, John Smith, Dr.
Chnae, Colonul Diiniel Tillin<;hiu>l. CHptiiin Diitiicl Bucklin,
Uichnrd Ohiey, Cyprian Storry. Cnptain PjuiI Allen, Theo-
(lore Foster. WiUiiim Whcaton, Daniel Jackson, Colonel
William Barton. Amus Atwell, Esek Aldricli, Nathaniel
Greene, John Innis Clftikc, John Foster and Samuel Xighl-
ingalo. The nunihei' of ottieers received into ditrerent faiu-
ilica, as appears hy Ihe following list, \vaa aixty-foiir. This
list ia copied fix>m the original French nmnuscript, now io
the possession of Henry Thnycr Drowne, Ksfj., of New
York city, by vvliom it was courteotisly loaned to mc. The
list bears no date, and may have been intended to cover Ihe
entire period in which the militnry giicsts were entertained
in Providence. The headqnnrters of GcncTnl Itochnmheaii
were nuiinfaincd in Newport nntil, with his army, he joined
Wflflhin^on in 1781. He cnme to town frequently, and liis
l>eing' formally assigned on this list to the hospitjility of
Deputy-Govcnior Bowen. in whose family he was always a
welcome guest, may have heen for his convenienee, as "b
stimding invitation" whenever he visited IVovidence.* Iii
armnging the list, the widlli of the printed pnge required (be
omission of braces, where two or more officers were received
into the same fann'ly ; and in these instances the name of Ihe
street and that of tho host have been repeated. In all other
respects, it is au exact transcript of the original. For the
convenience of readers not acquainted with tho French lan-

•Ante. p. S12.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 3S1

guage, atninslation of tlio names of the strpcta on which the
officers resided is given in the accompanying note.*

£TAT DKS LOfJKMEXTS MAKQUfid UAN8 LA VILLK DB I'ROVIDEXCE
POUR I.-AUMEE.

aux OrdrtM de M'r Lt Cte. de Roehitmbettu.

[Qi-AUTKiw OF TiiK Fkknch Ofkiceiis in PltOVinEKfB,]
AleHMlmri. Sua. Ckez.

[Namtt of Officert.] [Sfiwi*.] [At the ItouM </]

QUAKTIKB o£lt£RAL.

Le C'le dc Kucliamhfku, Gdniral, Urandr me, pro* le pont, Le Gouverneur Bowen.

De TarU', Iiilcndaiit, Grande rue en dc;ik du pont, Ju)iD llrown,

I^ RaroD df ^'inmvNnlT, Hnr^lial

deCRmp, Idem, Job. ItrowD.

Le Chev.de Ctiiittltiix, Idrm, nilsaiit

le* runetlona ilc M^or-

Gfn'Tiil, Idem, Jot- Ituiwl.

I.e C'lc de Vii>iiie«Dil, MaK-clial de

Camp, Idem, Colonfl XfghtlngMlc.

I>e ChoL-y, DrlgHdh-r, a col^ d« la maliion de rllle, Colonel Buweo.

V-.r AT- MAJOR VK L,'Anit£E.

Dc Devillr, M'al-G'al dc8 iMffli, Rack ilrcet *u dtrta du pent, Theodore FoMrr.

AIDKB IIAK'AI-X OflK'Al'X tIES LOGIN.

T.e Vie dv Roclianibeau, Abuciit,

Collot, Jlnck ilml au dela dn poDt, Cap'e Paul Allen*.

De IMvillr, I'res de la malwiu dt vllle, H*e lt«p Couiliio.

AMIES MAJOK-nfeNAL'X DE L'I!«>-'IE.

Dc M(:nonvl1te, Uranile rue en defi du poat. Cyprian Rteirj.

De Tar\i, Grande rue. Idem, Nuth. Auj^ll,

Duboucltet, (iraude rue mi delk du pant, Cap'e Cmul*.

*Grande rur pri" le pant,~ Tlie Main itreet near the bridge.

<;raiidt' nil' vn Avi; i <lii |K)iiI,— The Slain Mrect Ihli »ldc the bridge.

Back sln-ft an ilrtii ilii piiiil,— llHck Blreet beyond the bridge.

Bark BTrii'l rn ilcfii du )Hinl, — Buck Hirret thl« nlde tlie bridge.

I'ri't du 111 liliil-'iu df vllle,— Near the Town Hull.

(irsndi' nil' uii dHkilj pout,— Thi> Malii itreet beyond the bridge.

a cote dc In niuiion <)e vllle,— Next to the Town Hall.

Grande rui- pri-i U niiii.ion de villi', — Tlie Main Mreet n<Mtr the Town Hooie.

Grande riic vl< k vis In nmlson ile vllle, — The Bluln ilreet oppoaltu tlie Tuwd Hall.

" lluek Klni'I tliii si'li- llic liriclfri-," la now lleneflt ilreel.

" llHck "Iri-i-l lipyiiud Hie UridKe," N now WeiitminMer ittreet.

"The Muiii Hn-fX (hh Hlile llie briilxe," Unuw North and South Main ■Irevt*.

" The HjIii stri'ct t)cyoiid the bridge," la now Weyboiiet atreet.

41

■

322 HHODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOMTnON. ^^^^|

^^^1

iruH«yrf.

X«»

Clut. ^1

^H

[Ktrnm^fiJIixn]

(Slmtt.]

[it(toiriwa<r<t^| j

^^^^^1

l>i>.«n)ln>nlnj, Coloarl ComniMi-

Gnuidt nw en de^i du pant.

■lolinClnrfi.

^^^^^^^L

tUnt.

^^^^^^H

Tie (JMrtMl. UnrtruanM'olonrl,

(iravilr rur an rtela <lu poM,

Dr. Trnman.

^^^^^^^B

De ttdfi^ Major.

(ImrHli- nir rn iIkA ila pauli

f:«p'# [mn. BakttB.

^^^^^^^m

Dv DofT*. CaplialtM.

Oraiiili) ru* rn ik^ ilu punt.

Nath. Aaicrlt.

^^^^^^^1

C'ruMlcrilHiprtrrf. Una,

Unixtt rur en dpfA da ponl.

Nalh- Auvcll.

^^^^^^^1

Dctiacanr, Idrm.

Otanili' I'm' mi ilria iIli imnl,

Ilavkln*.

^^^^^^H

La lla'Dii il» Turpin, hlwD,

Graiiilr rur vti tti-^ du poni.

WlUTjlor.

^H

IH HaHlwr. UtuHnut,

Grande rue cii dt^kdn pom,

AUTIUUtHIE.

U'ltl Tytor.

^^^^^H

D'AboHtlf, (Tolatiei Cewniaiidaiir,

Ormnit rat »a drift ila pORl.

Will Tvlor.

^^^^^^f

l>«i Ijktlcr. Mnjiit itfn fc.|(i1|i«(M,

M*n>.

IXjP MxMlnjpila-

^^^^^^H

Maudulr. .tiJt 3iI^]or.

linin<l« rue an dda du pom.

Dan. JafkMia.

^V

Euinaucj', Ulrui.

UiBiitIr rue au drift <lii poul.

l>ai), JacliHin.

^^^^^H

Blsnrliard, Coiii'rc <1r* gu'ct pp«I,

aranib- rur au delft dii puiM,

Win Whralait.

^^^^^^^1

[>» V ilk-man *]r, iilmn.

OraTiili- ni* pr^ dii [I'liil,

Uiifiili>rt.

^^^^H

Obo. Uen, M dit L'ArUllcric

Huk *IK»I au drift An font.

Widow Clark.

^^^^1

rBTTT

&TAT-HAJ. I(K L'AKHSK.

^^^^^^1

Mulirni. CapV dn Galdea,

n'd« nia vti k rlf u naliea

^^^^^^1

deilllr.

Jotiti Sttllh.

^^^^P

VKiiVott,

^^^^^f

Dc Konehani]). IV-vot,

Oranilr lu* an itrt^dii jKinl.

Qcn'ar Roolu.

^^^F^

L<i l'rlt»iia^-U VUlr.

Via ft rl« In roftlauii <l«i ttllr.

1

^^B

«lliEft-|lR-CAMr l>K M'H Ij: C'lMTK t>E DCM'IIAHBKAU. J

^^^H

I.r f^ninli' ilr t'rr>)-i>,

GrHiidr rur pn drfft ilu |>unr.

Kle. Rrovn.

^^^^r

1^ Mnr(|M<' lie Vaiilinn,

Gravilr rue co iln» da |iobn

NIc Broirn.

Le Man|u1< ilc Itamu,

Gmnde rile rn di^adu (loiil.

Nlc. nrvMto.

Ij* ClH-ia>lirr ilv l.amtrlh.

Oranile rue ni (li-^lilii ikiiiI,

Du I'r lluwca.

DWBM,

Cnnde rue rn drxft'l'^ poni.

DoeCr Hfiwen.

De Laubcntltrp.

Ormndc tub «i rli'^^aitu puni,

JoliD Fusrrr.

Le Itarvn rip l.ltiwn.

Grande rue en drjadu pour.

Jail II t'lMier.

^IPK*-»»«A>ir

UK k'n l.K BAHOX I>K VIOMBRKIU

D'AtiRvly,

Grande nie en de^jidti pant.

Jot. Itrciiro.

1^ CliFvntIrr ilr Tloini-rall,

(Iraiidf-- rur rn ili-<;j|ilil paM,

■III). Brflirii.

Itr C'liatiniini-i,

Grnodo mo en dri>« duponi.

Jriikeliii.

Brliilaiirau,

Umadpnuvrudrfadu paitt,

J" like In*.

BL Amaiiil,

Gnedenieendvcftilu jhhiI,

.Inliii lla|Aln«.

I> I'HIlgl-,

Grande rue en de^du ("Mir,

SI. l-'i.Od.

l>rtoWax,

Grande riic oi di-cftdu pant,

Dr. (-Iui>«.

UrlMO,

Ideiu.

Jus. liruwDi. I

AtDIU-Illl-CAMr DK WX LB CHKV'KK DK CMATKLLPS. J

D» Llnti,

prfi la lualKin dc Tllle,

l^udiln.

•

Dc HoutrKgalou,

prti la nuUeun de t^Ule,

Oouabla.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

323

{ Noma of OfficerM. ]

Itut».
[StrttU.]

Ckex.
[AtlhtHouieqf]

AlI>KS-DK-CAUr DK U'lt LU UOMTK DK VIOUESXIL.

D'Olonne, rKlni',
0*01 on ne, le culi-t,
.Stuck,

I>e Tr«H«D,

I hi BaulD]-, TWsorlcr,

Uaurr, Riifct.Hseur,
Muriun, CuNsicr,
Ituurguin, Dlrvtileur,

I>e Mhdi, Rt<glsvcur,
l>f Cualc, 1st MiiilMin,
Uubltlurd, Jut Clilruritleii,
l.'tibb^ de GleiDon, AuiiiAnirr,

Itunrt lie Blr^lrr, ItifgitBcur,
Hftrtin, Uarde-MiigBsin,

Buck itreet en dt^bdu ponl, t^oaard Spauldlngi.
Back «Ireet rn de^k da pont, H^ouanl (SpauldlufI*.
Idem, Mn. Jenklni.

AlUt-DKCAMl- DK M'R DE CHOiav.

Uraade rue prt« la maivon
de vllte,

Richard Olney.

AlDE-t>E-<JAUP I>K U'K DE UtVII.LE.

Back ilrect an dclk du pont, Tlivodure Fotter.

LK TRfeSOK.

Urnnde rue au d«la du pont, CoioDcl Barton.
LBS VtVKES.

Grande mc au delk du pont, Amei Attwel.

Grande rue au delk du pout, Nalh. <lTevn.

Idem, loiiKWarir, Elucli Aldrlcti.

HOP IT A UX.

k riiopitnl,

Grande rue en di^kdu ponl, Tiltini^iivtr.

Grande rue en Ct^k du pont, Samuvl Yong.

Idem, ItcnJ. Allen.

KktilK I>E LA VIAKKK.

Grande rue au delk du pont, Un. Sleveni.

rOUKRAOEH.

Grande rue en Hn;k du pont, Jof . Ijiuren*.

r.Ftr.Ts i>u Kur.

Grande rue au dfia du pont, M'e Clark Tri^iorler.

Officers not included in the foregoing list were entertained
in other faniilies. Several of them were quartered in the
families of Jeremiah and Edward Dexter. A number was
nccommodatcd at a public house near the old toll house,
then kept hy Jeremiah Sayles. Othei"s found a home at the
lliiU's Head Tavern, — the Joseph Dexter house. Two
or three were provided for by Esek Easton, who lived u
short distance north-west of the toll-house. A number of
others obtained board in the house occupied by Itenjamin
litrndail, situated west of Pawtucket Avenue, and in prox-
imity to the fLdward Dexter place. On the mantle of the

324

UIIOnE ISI^ND IX TIIE KKVOM'TION.

kitchen firo-pliicc wtre to !ie seen, u fuw years ago, the let-
ters LE'FKV, «inl hIsii the \citvv A, snul liy lh« IhIo Mnry
ItaiKlnl! to have lieon caned hy the French honrdcvs. At the
Morriit house, east of Ktist .\venue,on the Swiin l*uiiit road,
officers were prDvided for.

The ancient Urick bouse nenr the Hutlcr Ho.'^pitul, occupied
u« I he (pmrters of a jjciierjil otficer, m'us often the scene of
Bociiil festivities. Tmdition informs us tliat on one ocenmon
tt splendid hall *va8 given llicre, graceil hy ladies from town.

Two olfieent hotirdcd with Dr. 'Ihroop, on North Main
street, and quite shocked their landlady hy prejHiring forced
moat in tlie lAxtor's wig hox !

A part of the hou.so of ('oloncl Amos Atwell having liecn

Old Biuck Bophx ox tiik Swax I'mxt Koah*

used hy a French officer nnd lii* attendnnls. and for qnarlcrs
for Captain de la Ihirnilicr and his nttendants seven months
Hnd two day«, from J>cptcmhor Ist to April 1st, following,
he was allowed an<l paid i'lH 2« Ik/, " lawful silver money."
Captain .liLiniiicio, "an <iflirer in Count Koehanihenii's
army," occupied half of the house of Captain William
Chflce, four nnd one-half montlis. who waa allowed and paid
hy the town X4 10s, " silver monpy." thei-ufor.

»ThUhouM-Unn'l»TH«ci.ltol>»«i-hri-n ImlU hyBlfbanl Brown, '■t«>iimiii.'' In order uf
Tlnw. a l» Ihe »w»i"t bri'li tiou.*- m<cliKl wlllilii Ihe Uinll* of l'ru*lit*iKir.— Hip Iiousp on
Nortli M«f n rtrccl. In whtrt LalkyKK wu ocwrtiii»Uy tnlrrtoln«i), (.<i<w ;•. JtJ,> brliifi llw
itrM.

A

i

OUR PItENCU ALLIES.

325

Mjijor Elilm Kohinson recei*;ed £2 2i«, "lawful silver
mouoy," " ibr llie use of bi» grent room seven woeki* \>y Mr.
Diimaa."

Mrs, IVn(*I(^po Poclc wns allowed unci pn'uX XI ICji, **Inw-
fut silver money," for ruotiis furnished lo Dr. Fersoii, "prlu-
eipjil ninriiie phvaician of the navy of Kniiicc," from Octolier
4 to Xovemilier 8, at Qt per week.

Jdliii Laii'hiir whs paiii £*i 2« "Inwftil silver money," for
rent of rooms furnished two Frrn<-h suTgoons, viz., Mona.
Fownee and Mon$. Siigur. And fur providing (juai'tera for
another French officer he wn« allowed and paid £1 lH*,
" lawful silver money."

Two nIKcer? Ibtind a ht)spitHl)lo liomc in the family of Dr.
Solnmon Drowne, who attained to great eminence as a phj's-
ician and surgeon, and an Professor of Materia Medics and
Itotany in lirown lliiiversily. A S£)Idier requiring stirgieal
aid, diihmttled to the opei-atiou of trepanning, which waA
skillfully and successriilly performed hy Dr. Drowne, l>eing
the first case of the kind tliat ever occurred in Providence.
Tbe patient recovered.

" Solumoii Drnwiic. M. !>., wiw ■ ^rrat irramlBon of I.eoDOrd lirowiiCj
uf Do-itoi]. M.i.HHacliiiti«Lt>*. tlis grudfiiChpr mid nitta-r were al.so iiami^
Snlonmn. oiiil ttir latter Jicttlcd in Pror1dcnc<^, ]{tio<]e Island, ht llWi,
where til* aiibjecl or this ski>U-li waa Imni March 11.1753. Dr. Drown*
grndiiiitr-d nL IIIuxIl- ("lancl (^illi-)^, (ni>«v lirown LiiiivemiLy,} In 1773;
stmliod lEitdiclnv, an*] rocclred nietltcnl degrees IVom the Unircrslty nf
PennnylvoDln nnd from niirimoutli t'oll^e. Now IliiiiiitKldr'e. lie sL>rvv(l
i» «ar^>uii fur eevurnl >-i>iins, (1770-1780,) clurltig tla- war of the Itefola-
tlon. In ho-opttaU under Dr. hTotwi Morgan In the St^ites of Nvw York mil
Conncclirii t, nnd with Dr. JoiiitUmi) Arnold In Ithodo Hlund ; also In ( 'nionci
Cnirj'ii hihI Colonel .-VtiVL-irH Uliotk- [iiland re^-linciita of the iMDtinentAl
line. He wiLH III 8ulllvau*H i-X|i>-illtlon iitioii lUiode Ixlniid. and hiiil cbnrge
of the lii»>|)U«l Ht Brijtlul, In llii,' Kdl of 1790 In- w«?nt on ii i;ritUe asi nur-
goon In the private sloop of war ' Hope.' bis Journal of which, with lliv
gonealotu uf liU fntully. hii» bi-en prIiittHl. Ifc won ttic resanl of La^iyclte,
the CouuLs (Ic Roclininbeau Find D*Eataing, an well ns of other Krencli oHl-
cera, to sncli a degree, hy hU medlcnl nblllCj- and aklll 03 a surgeon, that
t]i« chief of thL' niedlcAl »lair eiitnistcd invalid soldiers U> hla care When
the French len for home. The letter^ he received from the odUccrs cvlnco

326

RHODE ISLASD IS THE REVOLUTION.

the highntt ostf matlon, not oaly of Wa&bioctou m QtneralH>»imo, but of
the IthoOc lalnnileni gviivrtilly.

"to 1783 liL' watf okclcil to the BuartI of Fellotv«i in 3r»wu Unlicrslty.
iL T«ar lutur lie went to LniKlun. and spunt Bevcnil inuntlDi in travi'llin;;
(irer England, and In vlttltlHf; <ho hnsplial.-i and ine'dlrfl] acIiooIs. In M»y.
l>t<5, lie vlif!U-<l ilolliHid find Bi-l|;liini fur aimilur pur|ii)sr». and tli«n went
lo i'arla. Wliik ta FfJiinn- lis wii-s often » ^iit-Mt of lir. Fruukliu. nl Passy.
Iti wbos* iKK-'lulj lif HH-l Mr. Jt-ffi-TMin smi i)l1icr (JlKtliiKuUliiil iiil-ii. On
bin return to l'rovldenc«, be roNBmt'd tlie pntctlcu of mi-dklnc; but In
I7M, Journpyecl to Oliio, and rcjiiilud for iivurly ti ycnr al Marietta. Wbtle
there he dullvurvd a fLiiipra) l-uIo^ on (icncrnt James M. Viiriiiini, (wliciin
li« atti-ndcd In hla la.it alckn<^<>,j and aUo the tirtit anidvi'r.<4ary oration uu
ibe .•idltlrmi'iit of Marirlia April '. 17W). He was aluo pri.'A«hit. partlct-
patjtig Willi G(>n»iil St, rialr ami otlivi-K, in the Ireiillu.t nl Fori Ilarinar,
111 IT8t}-y, with Cum riniitvranLt utUt-T Indlau chk-f;;. Returning l» his
jiailvK town b« cuiuluut-0 his prnt-llce iiurU :7tfj. when, in coiiBViiiifnc*
uf impiilrvd health. Ua ri-nioveil wlili IiIh family l» MorKi>nto\vn. WuhL Vlr-
jflnia, stopping rn mutf to stc Gcntrnl Wa-^hln^loii at Mount Vernon : and
in IVJt, the dan;;er fmin l>ordfi' lnciir)>loiiH of Intllau:* bfln^j over, he went
to llidoi), Knyclt*? county, I'ciinayU'ania. wIhtp In.- livi-d nvvvn y«ir». In
lAOl bi; rrtracc-d hlu Hlvps to tihode Ihlunfl, nod a lltltc latiT M'Itli<d In
Poster He cali^ bl9> plucL' Ml. Il);i(.'la. and bcrc hv resided tbt; remain-
der of Ills duya, devoiina himself to pn»fl>sslotial (luiltB, lo Ijla bouulcal
Kunlen, and to hl-t acltnitUlc, clas^i^lcal ami literaiy Ntiidii'^s.

"Dr. Druwne IlIlH.'d »i*n<riil public oihi^es. He was. In IkU, appointed
I'rofuvsor of M4toriii Medlca and Butaiiy In llrown ITidverslty; and In
I81U woa etectf^Ll a ddi-^dli.- to llic conwnlion wtiich furiiiid the National
l'liamiaco]iii!iii, l>y the Khodci Inland Medical Society, of nrhiili Uv. wan
V\vv I'rciiidenL. He took an uctlvp part lu lire orsariluitlon and procceil-
Inga of the Rhode l.->Iiind Soelvly for ibo Encourujip.>iiii:iit of Domestic
li)du»try, Ix-forv whieb tic- delivi-Rtl addrc«Hc»< ouocieral aeca^loaa. lu
1921, lu connection with hl.i son Wlltlmn Drowne, he pnljllsbcd ihc I^r-
tiwr't fimtk, n comiirflu'wehc work on liiiabiindry and ganlcnlnf' He coii-
trlbiiU'd vaj-iiius sLli^ntllli^ ami Literary article:* In the Juurnids of the day,
and partleipalnl hi (lie jinia-tdliiXK oftiH- Anterlcnn Academy of Arts and
Sctencea, aiu\ ullier learned hodles, nf Hbl^b he was a nx^ndier. Hln
• /Jut* to ihf .Vfvujiy of Ifr. Jt/nrj/h }l'<irrrn.' writtv.-n kliorily after Ihv bsil-
llv uf Hiinltcr'a Hill, »re truly patriotic and eviuee (he bruUicrly rc^nrd that
etUted between them proft;s.ilnnaUy and ax ■ Sons nf l.llierly.' During
Ills lift he delivered many liolnniral iectnrcs, pi]hHcoroH<»iisnndnridrease»,
highly creditable to Idm as n man of refined Lasle and v.tri(^d actiulsltloiia,
among which may he iiii-tilli>ne(| »eveni] cuniiiienioriitlvL- of Ai:ii!rli:aa
Iiuli-pendence. — hU ' £nln^ on irnKhhir/Kut, Ft bruarn 22, ISQO,' nni M»
'Onttiun f« .W'.'/thv CuHfr"/ Ihr Orfkn. J-rftruar!/ 23. 1824.' The latter
wua delivvretl by tlm voucrable orator at tbv First BiiptLit Meetliig-Huuae,

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

887

In Prorlctencffi. when lie was npwnni* of 8«venLy fean of age, wlUi ADCh
renin rkal>lp ffryor and piittioa, ' lliKl II was pronfiimMd Ibc in<»t brllllaiil
performance of ]i\» WCv.' lie died Fcbriuiry 6, 1834."

SOt'IAL LIFE IN PKOVIDKNCE, 1780-81.

yrt II K presence of llie Fpcncli iillies in Providence
^5^ inspired llic life of the town, and the lilicnility with
which tliey ciruiilnlod their silver nnci p»Id i-endered Ihein
welcome customers at n period when a Spanish milled dolhir
bore a faljnlinis value in paper currency. The exact disci-
pline or Ihe soldiery, and the rigid ivstrictions uuder whicii
they were permitted to pasis out of camp and mingle %vith
the citizens, were strong safegiuirds against the indnlgeuce
of enecsscs, and left liltio cuuso for coni|ilnint on thai score.
The officers were on terms of jdeasant intimacy with the
leading faniilies. and their pn?sciico imparted an additional
chimi to social gaiety. liidls, parties, an<I other cnlcrtain-
uienta were frequent, and the repetition of reciprocal cour-
tesies scn'ed to strengthen iiiutiial i-e»pcct and friendship.
The old Fitdd homestead, at Field's Point, Iiefore mentioned,
was nmcL frecpicnled hy the French officers, where they
were always sure of u hearty hospitality, and where they
participated in social assemblies with the chtiracteristic zest
of mercurial temijcraments. Tlie iiupressions made upon the
community were of the most agreeable chnracter, and during
thfl subsequent years of those at whose homes the officers
worn received as guests, the memories of those days were
cherished as nmong iho plcasantc!>t of their recollections.

The [»atriolism of the Field family was of Iho purest type.
In 17yo, Williani Field wiis apjKiinted Captjtin of a comiMUiy
in the second iTgiment of Providence county mlHtin. Ahner
and Nehemiiiih Field were distinguished for persoiiid beauty.

328

KHQUE ISLAND IN TOE REVOLUTIOX.

When the news reached them of the battle of Bunkisr's
Hill, ami of the btinihig of Chiiilestowu, like Putnam, they
in.-*tuntly loft the ticM, nnd witli rifle in hnnd joined the voU
uutoera crowding on to the scene of uclion. Thry were
plnccd in the lM)d_v of reserves. During the wnr Ahnor wm
taken prisoner, nnd thrust into the notorious Jersey priswii
Bhi]>, where ho socm Ijecauie covered vith vermin. ll*»th
Ahner !ind Xehemiali hehl aimmisrtions. Oiptjun William
Field, with a nohle heart, wa« "phiin of" speech." One day.
Major I>e I'ltz, an officer of the
Royal Deiix-Ponttf, ctigiiged in f<»r-
lifyin^ the Toint, called upon him,
nnd while the Cuptiiin was occupied
outside the hou^c in his morning
ahlution, Iho following colloquy

ensued. Said Iho Major, in a respectful tone, ".^rc you
Ksijuirc Fiuhl, the gentlemnn who owns the land adjoining
this beiu'h ? " "I am." was the laconic iTply . " I have made
btild," continued the Major, "to land my gun? hclow, and
hope no offence is given." "None al all," was the sen-
tentious answer, " We nre aliout to become nei^hors,
nnd I hope wo shall be friends," continued the Msijor.
"Amen," resipondeil the sturdy " Lord of the manor," and
applied himself vijforonsly lo the cleansinf; process. The
Major having thus taken the g:mgy of his host, silently
raised liis chapeaii, and prcicwilcd lo Providence. The
Field family nt the Point was numerous. The last survivor
of the Williiim Field family was Eleanor, a woiuhm of
nni'omiiion natural endowmeuU. She sold the I'oitit esttite
to the city of Providence, and removed to Elmwood, and
died March 8, IKfU, aged ninety-one years. The family
burtal-gr<Kind was near the homestead house, hut after the
estate bct^^une the property of the city, the bodies there
buried were removed to the North burial groimd.

Conspicuous among the young ladies of Providence and
iU vicinity whose retined culture, graceful manuem and pei>

OOR FRENCH ALLIES.

329

Honul I'c.itity rendered tlicm ulijt^-cts of conslnnt n4lniiniliun,
Mere iho Misses Boweti, Miss Clicckley, Sliw* Wuity Arnold,
II IjcHiitifnl young wonian, who, in after life cmilil lionst of
having danced ul a liiill uith Liifiiycttef* the Mii^ses (^biireh.
Miss Polly Ai'txdd, <hui;;hler of Colonel IJenjmniii Arnold,
of Wiirwuk, the Misses Elizn nnd Sally Arnold, d«ughter«
of Cili>t:iin Khodes Arnold, of 1*iiw1ii.\l'1,| Miss Cynthia
Aborn, diiii<;hter of Colonel Samuel Aborn, of ihc same
town, snhsecjnently niiiiried to explain Pierre DoiiviIle,J
and Mi.-s Silly Arnold, (Uiigliter of Dr. .lointlhan Arnold,
of Providence, distinguished fl3 Hospital l>irector,§ as a
lueniher of Congress, as an iiftive friend of pn(nd)ir educa-
tion, nnd us prominent in Utvm afTiiirs, who I»ncume the wife
of the IldiiorMhle .Tames Bnriill. Jr., a lawyer of cniinenec.
lie was Atldi'iicy Ueneral of Khodo Island from 17117 to
lttl4, nnd deliveiTd the oralion on the death of Washing-
ton, in Provi<le»co, iu ISCO. Sub(M;i|iienlly, Mr. Biirrill whs
returned Ji nieiniier of the Genend AswuiMy, nnd tH-eiinie
Speaker of that Itody. The town of liurrillville, whieh
was incorponited Xoveinber 17, 1H06, was mimed in honor
of him. He received the tippointment of Chief Justiee of
the Snpreme Com-t, and in iyi7 he was elected n. Senator in
Congress, and voted against the extension of slavery. Ho
died (indderdy in Wnshington Deeemlwr ^.'i, 1»20.

The fiiseinalions of Miss Sally Chuivh, who at this time
was in Pi^>vide[iee, apjieiir to have In-en stn>«gly felt liy M.
de Silly, an ofKecr of the Botirhonnois regiment. While
temporarily in Xeu-jwrt, early in 17t*I, he sent livr, through
his friend, Dr. Solomon Di*owne, "this liltle iiiseription,"
(messuge,) "If you had given me your heart, I would not
have returned it." On the reverse of iho mei>sngc was
inserilH!*!. "To Miss Sally Church, by her most humble ser*
vant Lo Chevalier de Silly, Liouteuuut au de Boiubonnois»**

'"TTm j«un«r AinrHcnnUiIlMliavpiilirair* MniMmdItu onr of ItiHrirrrkieM honor*

to faBTC (luitcril ulili llint nuMfiuiin."— rAaitrf/HZ.

fAntf, I/. 'M. JAnir, |i- :iU. f Auir, p. B.

ddO

RIIOnB ISLAND ly THE KEVOHJTION.

"I i-cwret infinilelv," lie wrilCf* to Dr. Drowne. "to have
known her 8o liUle time. Her lovoliaess shall ojiptivute nil
faearte."

In repi}' to M. dc Silly's letter, Dr. [>rowne says :

" I rcei'lvcil yoartfcncrnitu tpliitlc ttic Illli Insiiint, .iikI tli-livcrud wllli
pUiuurfi the (.-iiclosoil In-icrlptloii to the nniliililt MU^ riinrcli. Kite
reccire<l It nil It uiic of tltmv Mnik-ii ntiicl) woiilil iiniki. tin; Mnrnl llirlll
In a hcfTDifB lelDM. Slii; anil IitT dUlLr desired nie l<> prt-scut tliclr com-
plliiwnlv Ui joii. I <liil Tiut tM-v llif oihiT IntllvK, itor Mr. llUcliriK'k. I
shoiilrl sccin waniluK )ii rrlcDilly Jiisticu to your in«rU. nni to iiiciitlon how
lilglily yuu arv t^siet'iiivd livru tiy all wlio hai] the linppl»e»!) of your

acqiiainlnncc: pnilli^uliKl}' lit Um. Chrc;l>l>eyV; particiihiily \l\ia II ,

who tint kimuitiK yon ik-pitrted ho suoii, xviit Iter tuni[tllini'iit.t, nnd nii
llivllntloii todrltik tea with bvr."

Siihseqiicntly, tlie iinpiTs-sihle Liciitennnt .ichiiirrd scnrccly
less tbc lieaiitifnl Miss Ualbsbeba Buwicr, diiiigliter of the
Hoiioniblc MelciilC Uowlcr, nf New|Hn1,. Her t'hariiis were
recognized by sovt-rnl of the French officers qn:irtcrcd in timi
toH'D. One <(f llicm, M. Lnnfrcy Delisle, iimrried her, and
before (he wur wu3 over, look her to his lioiue in France.
Dr. Suloraoii Di'on'nc saw her there, whoo he vieited Paris in
1785, 118 litlriictivB n.s when conquering' heaHs in Newport.
A minintnre of her, still extant, represents Iirr as a gmee-
fiil, swHii-like hcaiity, of the captivating ortk-r.

Of Dr. Kphraim Howen'a fidmired (Uii^fhlcrs, Eliza, — or
Betsey, as she was familiarly called, — was in some respects
tho most attractive. 8hc was very elegant in her person ;
her fat'o was beantifiil ; Iht cyc.^ wci-c pecnliHrly brilliant,
yet soft and sweet ; Ler voice was melody itself. Sho sang
with great ta^il* and feelinw. Her intellect wjis fine and
highly cnllivutcd, nnd altogether her heart, miitd, person
and iimiiiicrs "formed one harmonious whole." She was
nmrrted to Mr. John Wnrd; and when, iniiny ycaw alter,
«he visitcil Paris, Iter old friendi« of the French allies sought
her out and bestowed upon her the kindest attentions. Her
sisters were very superior women, and traditions of their
graces are still fresh.

332

RIIOHK ISLAND IN THK REVOLUTION.

The Misses Kliza and Siilly AnioUl were distingiiishpcl in
their day as "belles." The former uns married, aa nlrcndy
mentioned, to Dr. Isaac Senter. of Newport. Tlie lalter
was married lo Ciiptain Pierre I)iihosf|iie, a Fivnrli offiecr
who remained in IVovidenec, wlicro he died.

In spciiking of the deportment of jmrties a^cmldod for
niirtliriil enjoymeiil. Count S6giirsaya:

" [ ilo nut nH'otlfct Ut Iiurc »pi?n any wlierc cNe nii aswrnblniic, 1b whtth
a grciiter (lc:;ree of mirtli prGv-aUt<d without conriioioii, lii wlilcli there wns
« greater niiitilKT of |>rL-li)> noiiivn Nni) iiinrrlril people llvlii); hnpplly
logetluT. a grcntcr prnportloii of bcaiily fcce from ciKiiit-try, a more com-
plete mixture oT persons of till chuwuw, whi)*c comliict ninl ni!«iiinT-H pre-
RCntixl fln ri]ni(l <]i'>Krrc nf th-cnrnni, which oblllcrnled ull appearance of
uiipleusnnt conlrasit or dl^llnclloiis.'* •

The domestic habits of fumilioa in Providence nnd in other
. parts of llie Slate did not escape the qnick eye and the reten-
tive meniorj' of the intelligent «IIie«. M. Itlaiichard, whoeo
opportunities ftir oliscrvalion ■tvei'c extensive, and wlio, when
in ProiidoiiL-e, frequently dined at the talde uf a Mr. Bow-
kcr, fl Qierebant of that town, has left on rccoiil the follow-
ing:

" Tlioy (In not BEt soaps nnil do nol wrrc tip m|r'>ii'8 nt Ihrs* rtlnnt'rc :
liRt boUcil iind nMstnnd inUL-h vcs<;tiit)l». Tliey drink nothing bal cidtr

ofTnrkty. At tlir oprntnirof thrt'rvrieh ttvflliilltttiJit'jolnrtlllU'ninMllufl'^iiJil tMrlfallh
Ijirajpllv, ami hi'Puni* ii nmiilArr orilif Icjiklkflr^ «*4i-iiil>ly. I'liili-r ilii- r»iii iilBr4*, Ih> it a*
Invrtrctl wtrh fr^t-rftl Imiiorinnt nilwioiK. In IMM. ht wAi nilnlitrr ot innr uadrr JoMrpli
Hoiiniutrlr. In If Afili-t, lit- MTVi'il lu 9|ialti nnil Orrmniij'. (In llgp tptiirii of Xapolmn f^m
Kltn, IiH uriw liit1l>|.KM<il ii)Jul« lijnii btit tlirmiHli (lis rnrni-iil cntrrolk'nir JuM-ph Bona-
parl«. Iu> w» IniJuci'd tu •upcrlntcnd trip AtganUuIlitBi uf lt»- Nntl-iiiiil (iiiarda. On ltiU~

X-cviint, Lou[» XVI II. ■fli'T ruiiniinjTllip crciirii, plurtil liliu on iIip r<'llr"l Itil. Up KM
Willi Nii>vlpvn In tlic Itunlim rnmpulirTi. nnd In ll<^ vrttv » mrmbrr ei Ilie I'hKnibvr of
IJI-imllo. In till- n-TOluriunnt IKKI. hr umiiirltw' tn tlirvlriatlciior I mila rhll)|i|K- In llir
Ihroiif . Mo irai a ropluu* mflliarj' irrltpr, und pii1ill>lii-il, in iwo mtinnrn, " Kcmnlr* of
hi* own llTni.'*; The Ur'Dlvllun, TIi<> (Jiiplrr. Ilir Kttlontllon " In 10* UIrr jrar* he
(■■(H'tlriicnl llir alinod Inlal Uiu nt ^Iiflil. Wlii-n In rrmiitpiiM, C'liiiiil Ouniai «■« B)Hiat
l««i>1r-K^f>ii y4«r* of agr. Tlir Inlw W, I^-tl Wlu-aiun, of I'rovldi'iipi', iilio kmir him
well, dcKrIbtd lilm ttf n Ml' ^ou'iJC Kn'nchrniin, roiirl uf thp *Mirly of ladlrp.anil crntlD-
nianl}' Iti niaiim-n. Hi illrd In l'nrli<, Oolubcr If., liCSl. a^nl pIkIiIi -Stv ^inr*. unc mniiMi
■nd arvrn ila>«. Tiiv ]K>rlTii!l itt him lirre ^Ivcn ania iv>;itc<l Irotii ii FitiicIi piij(nivlii||,
rrprrfcndriK hliii In *<1vflitccd jvHr«, uiiil nrarliix Ili4- di-romilbiiii of offiw.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

ass

Kiiil Mjulefra wine with water. The denMcrt Is rompnstcl of prcwirvcd
i|Ulnc<^fi nr itlfklr^ itorrrl. The An1(^^)rnns Mt tlie Isltfr wtlh ib(> meal.
Thi-y (Ir> not lake coffee Initnt^iiluIHr attrr dinner, but it is scried thrPC or
four lioiirs ancrwanl whli ivn; llii" colfrr i" wmk. «tul four or Htc clips*
are iitit <>i|itn| to miv of ours ; t>o lltnt llicy ukc innny of tlii^in. TIii? ten,
on Iho contrary. \s very sironc. Tlitf ose of iPi and collte li iinlvcr»nl
In Amertca. Tlic peiiple wlio live lii tbe coimtry, UlUne tlie around and
tlrlviiiu; Lbcir oxt-n, lakt? It aa well an tlic InhaltlUiita of iht* viik*)'. Brcnk-
(Ust 1.1 All liTipnrtiint tittnir wiifi tlicm. Bcaldca ten and rntToe, tiicy put on
lahlo rnn'itLnt rnciitH, wllli butter, pivs and ham; ncvcrtlidcft* iliry slip, and
til llic ariLTnooii ihoy nsnUt lake t^n. Tiiua Uic Amerlcaiw arc almost
alivnys :it lb<! tubto; and as tlii'V liuvr little to occupy Lheiit. a.i tliry go
out lililv ill winter and spi-nd wlmk- dnys along sido of lliulr (iri'S ami th*lr
wives, tvliliout re-adliig mid wliliout il<iln]( anything, itoiug an often to
talik Id ft relief nud a preventive of 4mntt(. Yet tltcy arc not grent
en tern.

" They Are very chnlDo In cnpa and vaai-a for liolding tea and cnd^e, In
Klaaai'M, dtt^^antcn nud nlbi>r mattera of ttd<i kind, and In luihltunl noc.
Tdi-y mnke usa of tvultpiii cri< ivldcti nerve for lapeolry; they bnve them
very Imuditoiiic. In many of llic huuacs tbcru arc cnrpcW also, even upon
ihi-tr stalra. In Ki-iierai, Ibe lioiiscs arc very plen.tnnt iind kept ivUIt
cxtrninc ni'nlnc«4, willi ilic mcctafluic and tbe countryinnn oa welt an with
llie niercUonl imiiI tlic ;;riiL'rnI. Tlieir cducattun \» very nearly tbe same;
ao tliat u uii-vhnnic. In oricii rjiUcii to tliirir in>i«-intj|jc<ii, nbere tliere In no
diatluetloii, wt sop;iratc order. I bave already mrntiniiwl tlmt the Inhab-
llnnta of the eiiltre couutry anr proprlctora Tliey iH! the e&rlb and drive
their oxen Ihoinsrlvo;. Thia way of living and this awwt u>)ual1ly have
cbarms ft^r thUikUig lu-lnga. Tliesc niunners anil me very well. Burning
It great itnanclly of wood la one of tliclr Itixtirlea, It ts common. Onc-ltalf
of the ilistrletA which I have traversed are wooded, almost alcn^fcther
with oak4, iiinoufi; whicli there nrr i>ome very handsome ociea. Yet wood
Is vi-ry dpiir, owing to the dlfflciilty nf transportln); it. ll eotita un for a
lengne abonl. tlftceii llvrea a cord.

" I have Hpokeii of the cups, the glattaea, ihc papvr haaglni^, tbe car*
pets, and other articles in which Iho Ainerlcnna are very choice, and which
Uicy procuriid from Kngland before the war."

Speiiking' of the reverence shown in Boslon for the Sal>-
l)ttth, be 11(1(13 :

"Thla la ihe samp almost everywhere In America. At Prorldf nee some
amhibic women, ofn llvtly disposition, at whose hotwoa I called, were
even anwUHng to aing on Saturday evening."

In cxpliination of this, it may ho proper to say, Ihut in

:iu

ItnODB ISLAND DJ THE REVOLUTION.

most fiimilics the Snbbntb was reeognizud ats beginning at
8itnact on Suturdiiy.

To wbiil the jiulliar above cited ba« said, it may not bo
out nf pbicc to 11(1(1, iiij II te^itimoiiy liondnibln to the young
women of the period, thiit "housekeeping" in a\\ its depnrt-
mcntif, was well understood by tht*m. Besides a f;imiliiir
knowledge of every variety of oi-numental needle-work —
many specimens of wljldi have l>een prcMM-ved — thcr« were
tow wlio could not spin, knit, weave and con^tmct gaitucnts ;
while they were eqimlly versed in nil eiilinary niyflteries.
By the more wealthy tiiuiilics dinnei*s were served on Liver-
pool wni-c, of novel piitterns iiiul of mixed colors — blue and
brown, with cream-colored edges. The covera of vegetable
diHhcA woro nundded into tin-- forms of pics, tarts and other
devices, while tureens were m«<lo to rcscmlile a roasted
turkey. This class of ware wiuj in u$o n^ late ns the close
of the luai century. In mailers of dress, ladies and gen-
tlemen of 1(H0, like the simie cKisscsin IxSO, were obedient
to the inexorable law of fashion, and then :is now, somc-
tiincs indulged in ungrnecful extremes. The ^lanpiis do
Chastellux writes :

*• Before I arriveil lter<^. 1 hail no fk [>ocUl lonn nf ilhcoverini; the tnicrs
of the Kri-tieb inoilrs stul Rinhlons, In llw mld-t of thv wiliU nf AmerlCR.
The h4?nil-(lr>-«!tc5 of nil llit^ women vxc<>pt QiiBk«ri*i nic bljili. spreadllijc.
■ud <lei;k^*il profusely wUh uur ganzes."

Speaking of church atfondance, Ihc Mar«|»is rather nngnl-
hintly tays :

" i'U-tjr iH not Uie only motive Itint brintfn Ampiican Iniliiw <ii rroirilH to
the various places of worship. DeprUeil of uU shows and pobltc dtvcr-
hIoiui wlintvvcr. Oic church U Lhu 4;rutiil Iht-'atrv nliiTC ttiey altenil. to dl»-
play their cxtrnvtigmicc and tincry. Thflre they como (IrcuMcd off In Ui«
noiiMt ftilk^, and or<-rTiliAdowc<] wUh & pi-oflKston of the most superb
pluiiira. The hair of the head b raisetl aud !titp|>oi-tcd upon ciivliiona to
ui cxtrnvaAmiL Itelffht, komewliKl t'lwmiihlliig the inanuur lu which French
ladlva woro ttieir hair some years agu "

The Marquis does not make a local nppliratlon of this
criticism to Providence nor to Newjiort. Had he avowedly

OUR FKEKCJI ALLIES.

fl85

done so, it nii'^ltt hiive been said, und in tnith, (liut to whiit-
ever oxcess ru^lilun carried some of iU votaries a hundred
years ngo, simplicity in dress, in everj-day life, dominated
tiniung tlm"tjcller clnsscs," nnd that in soeini intercourse,
enilimcing Uie pteasiirca of the ten-tuble, the cxlcmid coa-
tiimc fur the occusion fre^tienlly conbiatod of a "short gown,"
u plain Hiklrt, an nnipio frnma or n cnnibric hnndkerrhief
worn tnnnd the neck and crossed on the buMt,anda spotless
»bite iipron.

riOSK OF THE YEAR 1780.

SKETCH OP DR. PETER TLTRNER.— M. Bt^ANCHARD ACTIVR.-A
MASONIC PROCESSIOX.-A srOGESTION OF WASHINGTON^
DKATII Of AriMIRAL Dk TKllNAV.

y\ N eventful ye»tr was fiist drawing l« a close, and mneli
^^^ vigilancti for the eomfoii of the troops was manifested
by the Suite iiiithurities. At Iho November session .of the
(ienend Aswcnibly, £000 were ordered to be paid to Peter
Turner, M. D., "to provide ncccssHries for Colonel Christo-
pher (Ircenc's regininnt," then staiiimed at Newport.*

•Dr. P*I«» Turnw. Il» Tuarlh •nil foanKCit ton of Dr. Winitm Turpfr, WM bum ■!«
Ncnrk. V. J., Srincnibrt -J. ir.'.l. Mr ftlu<llrd liU pn>ri-«tton itilh Dr. CAmpHHi], of Mop-

■ittiivB. S. •>., nn-l ■»• Mopiiwd In jinicrl™ mnllcln* bj Itio SuprMHc <'ourt of \*-i» JiTtrj,
Up wiu nn riirr|[<-lli.-, an ln<1u*lrluiit. miil ■ ayitciiiBlIt! laun. T>idiik*i ■ •irki dlH'IpMna.
rl*D. he yrMt, ol the tame iln>r. ■ mn'l j;i>nllr, nmlahlr Mid inilalKrrit fathrr, nnd ad m*'*^'
ablr Biut InUn^ltoH rampuntnd. n*rntii ll,p bmtkln|i du( of IIht Kfiii'lullixi. Iir ranio to

WNnvn, K. I., whtrv lie Iwckciti uquslriiMl with lili ntrurewlf^. CMia.dnu«>i(vror Crom-
Wcll t'bilit. snit •iairr of Mr». Urtirral V>rniuii. Biid ttf Hrk. llourfK^, Wif'ti of Hon. Hrnja-
mill Bi>iiriii>, of UrUlol-
l>»ct<ir TunitT iinurt'nl (n«4ll<dnr In Wanrn tntu Janukrr. 1771. Biilll he brnvnif l>ur-

fcon nr Culoiit'l (itPi-iK-'a baftiillaii, mntliiBDlK] Rflny, tn Uaf, 1777. Af>rr lii« n-lirrnicnC
from the iTinT. Mr rptuaicil Iht pnultcc of tnnllHnr lo £«it<Jmiiwk1i, where Iw illtrl Y'vb-
KHry II. Wii, mftA mii nl^ >r>r>. Ht- van al th« hatrlr of Kril naiilc, (htubrr 1!.*, 17*7,
wlicrr (*a)inM>I ChrUtoplirr (im-no, witli a parrlHid of four liiindn-cl Ilhudp tilnnil tiuujis,

kllird niid look prUoncr* a namtx-r it llc*,laD> laruM- ilian lilt own. Iwctor Turutr Iia4
charge »f 4'iiliiiirl I'^iinl |lutiti[i. uliii wa* rnurlall* itiiiinilpil. anil wIii^m; •])ll.r<, givi-n to
lilm (>}' th« a'oiinr, arr In poiurMiiiin i)f hU iiranilxun al Nvxiurt. n«na*iiilllL ihr nnnj
la tli< purtull of Hr Henry Cllnion. on M* Ktrcai Ihronch K«w JcrMf. and wa> |irca-
Vfrf at Itir ■crtloii of MulitnouCh, In ITTrt. hailng puM^I lliewlnlrr al I77T1 Ht Volley
TOTgr, anO Miw I" t»mp at Ihi- *k-|t* ul Xewpurl, under Ovrwra) FiuDlirBn, AvrvM, un. R«
ww4iilteii^ltst fnr il^imtpliieaiul dramalle manner in which, al a laterday, lie aamtvd
tlui lacMunti cunnpclnl nii)i llw balllr of llnl fUuk. wtilrli wa>. williuul riunlliin, onn of
Uk moil brlllianl esplvllt uf Ibc war.

8M

mOlUr ISLAND IN TUB REVOLCTIOK.

Dcormlicr oponoil cold aii<l fort mid ing. Continuous altcr-
imtloit* of pivrv'iiix wiridn, snow und ruin contributed greatly
Ui Ibo dl-KHiinfort of camp life on Kbude I:»)tind, sod crented
■n urgent dcnwitd for fuel- To tiuHit tlu» denuuid »& 4jiiK-kIy
M IKvMihIc, I'oniuipitiitry Blaiifbanl. wbo was Conetootly on
the alert. kt«|it one hundred and twenty axomen Tigoruual^
at «ork 'ill Xh.v niKids of l't(«rtii\et. Ou tbc 3d of the
luouth, a cutd and etiuiwy dny\ he luid M. iW bt Chv?«, an
ofloer of uitillerv, wh<t lud ivivntly arriv<Nl In Provid«roc«.
luouhlcti (hi'ir boFMw and rod« to ttiat villag<>»"to dine at
the h<iut*L« of It iiiiltt-*r*« wifi,-. wbot«« dre-'<i8, styk' uf living and
tiiruitun* diffcr^-d in no re^t**^-t from the best tbey had aecD
iu ibo hoiitwd of the ricbiMt AmericaDs,'* and aftorwania ta
in(4M>4.'i the Murkiu^n to the fi'r*»t. The oest day, M.
Blauchafd uict <.ittui*nd Kix-huuibeau in PruviJeDCQ.awi gaw
hiaa. an accounC of bi:> work at Pawtu.iet, whit-fa plaee the
(.tviivrul hiul not tiiuv to visit, ami also aofiiuinted him with
aotuo |>urvh.-iM}« tfatit hud beun msulv for tht) artilli-Ty and
Cliti iiAvy, :ind which itp|nuvntly met with Hpprol>:itiiHi.*

Ou tltv tub. tht) CuiumistKiry took pas^utrv fur >«wjiiirt in
a veMM^l luduii with wood. The dity wutt iniL<nii«;ly i^^ild. A
jpdu of vviiiU prevHiled, hy nhich thu veiM»ol wtw »truck ami
iitiorly u|wul. However, it reached iU dsetJaatHin wilhoni
dauia^e. A visit to ProviduQce, n fortnij^ht hoin*. wn» sig^-
naJiud t>y wituuMJttifj; a Ktrevt nntMinic piiK.-vssion. ** It wn^,"
ho Miys, "Stint J<4m'd dny. a <^nml fc;dttval fur Um Free
3faaon«.t Thare was u oiutitiu}; of them at Providence; it
wa8 uitnounoMd in the initilii! {mpens, fiir auciBttc;* of thi* M>rt
aro suthoriKcd. I met in the streets of Providence a ctim-
pany of thoMi Free Miuou^. ^lin^; tw<i by two, hutdiD» oncb
otbtir's hundK, all drestMd with their upruu6, nnd pnicaded by
two twin with long titavBc^. Ue who brought up the rear,

l»iB»t» Wi H>hMi. U* *«* >Wi* nrtMtM^c t« ."tawpun, amk cm ■! Uw "teUt '" l*r«<i-

fjta. J«kH'« ilflf ixMPt UMIMUI7 oa ika Mth al Jmv, wd H. MMwh***! hwt nt^vtlr
bMA mUjiIihmmI m Iv Um smm ut tiM tUwimii. Tfea in ■■■■till aUaviVd bf DIM «■«
hM* bmi guiNC M «■ nrfanilNg h«M a nHMnO. or Iimm •«•>■ uUim iMbUa fHwiku

OCR FRENCH ALLIES.

337

niul who WHS prolmMy thr master, had Uy« hrctbron along-
side of him, and all three wore ribbons around their nocka
like ecclesiastics mJio have the blue ribbon."

On another visit to Pi-ovidi^nce, tit u subacqiiont date, ho
says: "M. de .Tnmccourt, nn offiiccr of artillery, and M.
Pisnn^oD, my Secreliiry, liolh very zenloiitf Free Masons,
conferred on rn« tin- grade of apprenliry, aiul in the evening
I was at an Araericiin lodge, where I was present ut two
Tcceplions."

AN ESTrUPBlSE SL'OOBSTED.

Washington, wearied with waiting for Ihc arrival of the
gqnndron that had been bloeltadcd so long in the harbor of
Brest, wa8 anxious to engiige in some entciiirt*e that prom-
ism! aiKxeds, and that woidil not ie*|iiiir a Htrungur naval
force than conld then be made available. On the l;ith of
Deceralter, he addressed a letter jointly lo General Eocham-
benu and to Admiral Dc Teniiiy on the Mdijcct.* In this
letter, he spoke of rc-euforcements nbont to he sent to
Comwallis, to snpiiort ojn^rations nt the sonthwaixl, raying
how important it wa*, "that the eommon enemy shonhl bo
obliged to relinllni^Il their conquetits in South Carolina and
Georgia." Hp infoiiuf? them "that the Court of Spain have
in contein[)]ati<>n two ex]>editions against the Itrtlisb settle-
menltf in the Floridat<, namely, Pensacola and St. Augustine,"
and siibmitH to the General and to the Admiral fur their cun-
sidernlion, "the propriety of attempting lo combine our
foree with that r»f Spnin for the ]mrpo.se of totally subduing
the common enemy, not only in the Floridas, but in the
States of South Carolina and Georgia."

Shoubl the commanders of the Spanish land and naval
forces neeede to giieh a proposition, the 8(|Uadron of His
Most Christian .Majesty nt Newport could take under lis
convoy the French and American troops de^^tined for the

•Tlwdatvnf <y» kli^r, il will be noiicrd, U eoiucMctit wHIi Iho daj- of ihc AdiuImTi
<tMtfi> Hu etciil of wlifcli Wiuhlugtoo Has Ignn-nnt.

43

338

BHODE ISLAND tX THB IIEVOLUTIOH.

expedition iig^iinst Cliarle^toD, and these corps under the
votiiaiiincl of General Greeiio. in conjunction with the furco
furnished liy rhe SpHiiiurds, would form an army not to Ik;
resisted by «uy which the Jlritibh could draw tnji;ether in
thiit quiirtor. In nmkliijj; theso pi-opofeitions, Washington
says, "I am solely Influenced by motives of general good,
and would nt»i wi»h tlu-m ciirrifd into oxvcuLioii nidvss they
shall be deemed as eondiioivu to the intei-ests of the |)owcr9,
who have generously stepped in for oiir relief, «s to those of
the United Stjites." For what seemed to him good and suf-
ticiont reasons, Genernl Ituchnmbenu did not njiprovc of the
plan, and no further utteuipl wha made to cjiiTy it into exu-
eutiuu.

imATH OF AI>31IRAL DE TERXAT.

On the 15th day of December, a sorrow rested upon Now-
port. Admiial De Tornny died, after a short confinement,
of a malignant fever. In Oi-tolier, following his retura
from the L-unCereneo with Wiishlnglon, at Hartford, be became
unwell, but no seriouii apprehensions of a fatal (enuinatioii
wei-e exi'ili'd. A tew days before his decease, he was visited
on board his tlag-ship, the Due do iiourgognc, by the chief-
pbysieian, M. C(wte, and found to lie niarmingly sick. He
was imuiediutely removed on shore to his heiidt)uartens, the
nianslon of Colonel .To8ei>b Wanton, on Washington street,
and there, in the south-east cinuuber, he expiri^I. At this
time, General Koehiinibeau was on n viait in Boston. The
Baron Vioniesnil at once sent a courier to inform him of the
death uf his rnual friend, and lie, without delay, returned to
New|>ort. The A<lmiral was buried in Trinity chureh-yard
on the UUh of J)et'einhcr, with military honors suitable to
his rank. The long procession, preceded by priei^ts chants
ing the burial service, presented the mo^t imposing funeral
scene ever witnessed in the town. The remains were bonic
to the grave by siiilnrs, and conunitted to their res(ing-plac6
amidst the 6ring of minute guns and the solemn strains of

I

340

RHOI>E tSLAND IK THE REVOLUTION.

I^fayette. in a loiter to his wife^ referring lo the Adiui-
ral's denth, aayi :

"TIw Frtrncli Krinmlrdn liiui rraialiiMl btockftde^l In Rhoitr I^I4)ll(l, md I
ImiiBliie tlie Cticvaller Twrnay died of erlvT in conswjHt-rv* €tt Uils evcol.
However thlit may be. he Is positively dod. He was a very ronjih and
ob^tiiititr nun. tiui Arm and i-U-ar In nil hli> views, and, taklug nil llilng«
Into connldcraUon, wc tiave tiuatalued a great toss."

RochuDibeiiu ivrites :

" HI« Ercatest enemies cnD ncrer deny that lie had greal in-oliliy, and
Unit he Ho» » vcrysklllftil nnvigntor. Tlie Fi-encli corpH reuOervd liirn ihe
Justice lo j^Ay, Hint II WAa lm|>o!i«lblc to con^lutt a convoy tritli greaitiT
vlgilunce ami nkill tlinti he illijihiyi'd in brhigltig It ta tu dcalluntiotl.*'*

Count S*5g:nr boars testimon\' to him as "n mnn of infor-
mation, brave, iinimnted and ploasing ;" one who diseb.trged
his duties " with as imieh intcl ligcnee as honor."! Tt'*' New-
port Mercury, of Det-eiiilier 22. 1780. says, "His tnlents,
zeal, iind dit>tin>;(ii?lied surviL-e:<, tind merited the uoiitidence
find fuvor of his government and ennntrj'."

Three yeoi"8 after the death of the Admiral, a handsome
mum! talik-t, hearing a long Latin iiiscription, suiting forth
the rnnk and serviecs of the deceased, was prepared by
order of (he King of France, and rant t» Newport. It
niTJvcd in I7H.*, to be jdaccd npon the wall in the interior of
Trinity Church, but no M)>ace for the purpose being found
sufficiently large, it was erected, early in July, over the
Admind's grave, where it stood until its wcoden fuiuidution
decayed, when, being in danger of falling, il was i-emoved and
placed upon the nntiiidi- of the nnrth wall of the church. {
The tablet bearing the inscription was of black Egyptian mai^

■Mrrnolr* of KorhRmbosu, Firnch *d., vol. I, p. SOS. 1 Si^kut"! Mptnoln.

I"Tlie t'rrncliCoiitiil raiinciJ a itiiiill mouc bulldlnK lo be pn-cieil uvi-r liU itrave, niffl.
drDIIj Urg-p to place tli-i- in'iiiiiiiii'nl oii onr mdc, anil II <tas urconliiigl.r pUri'l «ii tlie writ
■tdu «r till- bulMlDji, Iml » nitmbfit ofj'pur* nflprwnnl. ulillo llii' Fn'rich frlgatf lliiluM 1«)f
at ^^w]H)rt. ilir uDltrn otiJr«^nl la tlic mnniicr of plncinB the mnuumrnt, aiid dlri'clnl Umt
■ lie bulMlfJK ■liould III- drniiiliiliifl ami dii- Kioiiiiiiurnl filanil aK<^ti>tl Ilir norlti Me at ttia
vliurcli, whidti ft a* done, »lii>nr II Mill rfaialiin."— .Vrirjir^rt M'-rcnrg, Auyiul 17, IS0I.

OUR FBENCH ALLIES. 341

ble, measuring seventy-nine inches in length and fifty inches
in height, set in a hitndsome white marble frame.

On the 23d of September, 1865, I visited Newport, and
made a drawing of the monument, which is herewith pre-
sented, marking upon its surface the cracks in the tablet and
frame, caused by accident, or by the storms and frosts of
eighty years. I also copied the inscription upon the tablet,
which reads as follows :

D. 0. M.

CAROLVS LVDOVICVS D'ARSAC DE TERN AY

ORDINIS Sti. HlerusulymlUDi Eqaes, noD dum vota professus,

a vetere et Dobili genure, apud Amorlcoa, oriuoclas.

unus e reglarum Classium prierectU,

CIVIS, MILES, IMPERATOtt,

De Rege suo, et Patrla, per 42. annos bene merltaa.

Hoc sub Marmore JACBT.

FELICITER AUDAX,

navGH regias, poRt C'roisiacam cladem,

per li)vio9 VICENOMJG tluvil antVactua dlajectas,

i ctccls voraghilbus, improbo labore, annts 1760, 1761.

iotor tola liastlum,

ilutriisU, avcliit, et statlmilbus nais reKtittiit incolumes.

Anuo 1762, TERKAM NOVAM 1u America invaslt.

Anno 1772, renunelatus PR^TOR

ad regcndas BOitiioMAU et Fr'ancla; Insulas,

lu OALU.E commoda, ct Colonorum rellcitatem

per aiiuoK Septem, tolus luciibult

FuKDKitATis uRtJiNiBUB, pro llbcrtatc dlinlcantlbufi,

A REGR CDUiRTiANissiMO mNsas, subsiclio anno 1780,

ItHODUM INSL'LAM OCCUpavIt :

DulU ad nova Sc acclngebat perlcula,

I.V HAG UKBK

Inter CommiUtorum planctus

Inter FORDEnAToiicM ordixum amenta et dcslderia,

Mortem obilt grnvem bonis omnibus, et luctuusam Suis,

die IS a, Xbrls h.dcc.lxxx,

natus aunos 68.

342 RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

itKX cnniSTiAKissiurB, everissimuR vlrtulis Judex,

ut ctarisstml Vlrt memoria posteritatl consecretur,

hoc monumentum ponciidum Jus»1t

M. DCC Lxxxni.

The following is a translation of the inscription, made in
1785:

Tn the name of GOD

CHARLES LEWIS D'AHSAC DE TERNAY

Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem,

Thongh the Vows of the Order he had never acknowledged,

descended ft-om nn ancient and noble Family of Britagnc,

One of the Admirals of the King's Fleets,

a Citizen, a Soldier, a Chief,

serviceably falthfbl to his King and to his Country,

for 42 Years,

now rests beneath this Marble.

Happily resolute

iu the years I7C0. and 1761, after the Crolasinn Battle,

with painful DItflculty, amidsit the Weapons of Enemies,

hL' rescued, and brought off from dnugerous Whirlpools

the Royal Fleet, dispersed near the Innavigable Eddies of

the Hlver of Viconzn,

and gave his ships llie stations he wished without any

Damage,
In the year 17*12, he tnvadoil New found hind in America,

In 1772, having resigned his command,
he received the Kegenty of Uourbon, and the French
Islands iidjiiceiit.
In which Ofllic, for seven Years,
To the Emoiiimeiit of Frnm-e and the Happiness of the
Colonies,
He was nsslduoiisly ralthful.
Being ordered \>y His Most Christian Majesty in the year
17H0, with Assistance to the United States, engaged in tin-
Defence of Liberty, lie arrived in Rhode Island,
when, while he was i)repared lo encounter the Dangers
of his Conimaiid,

OUB FRENCH AUJES.

343

To the Inconsolable Grief of his FuUow- Soldiers,

To the sincere Sorrow of the UnituU States,

lie expired lu this City,

Regretted by all the Good ; but pnrtlcularly lamented by

those, to whom he was related,

December 15th, m dcc, lxxx.

Aged 58.

Ills Most Clirlstliin Mujesty, strictly Just to Merit,

In order thnt the Memory of this Illustrious Man

might be consecrnted to Posterity,

Hath ordered thl» Monument to be erected,

H. DCC. Lxxxin.

Note.— It will be Keen thai Vicdi>:a and Vttvnontaare Latin destfpiallons of Vllalae A
Tew jpurs ago, a nomewhat more euplioiilouit trautlatloii wiu inude by !Sldncy Kverett, Kaq.,
an aocumpllstiod actiolar. It wan pulitUhcd in tlic Kew Kugtuad Historical and Gencalog-
kal RegiHter for October, 1H73.

\

Jd. o, m.

C AROUysLu DO VICU 5 D'AflSAC

deTctnay OriiinisS*-'

\

TiiK Dk Tersay Moxumiu<t in Tkixitv Ciiukcii, Nkwi>ort.

The monument, thoroughly repaired, may now be seen in
the western vestibule of Trinity church.

Ten years ago, (1^72,) the dilapidated condition of the
grave of Admiral De Tcrniiy attracted the attention of the
Marquis de Noaillcs, the French Minister at Washington,

H'"'H HPNFfVP aKTHON r

.. ■ '■■I^II, I.- -■ -iiphi ■: .L>

H ' |i'riii4l>iv ■icBtl! pret^Kl' '
- ■ 1 L IJ H- vrvki '. *ii !-.ti^ HJ lift ; ■ • •■

. ■'." •!; : n'li-'i'if ni- J- ■■t : ■ ■. ■ ■
,: .-.,.■ ■■.,■ hui lln i.jri. --

■ vin-

■-'. . ■ .) . ■*■, !, .

OCR FRENCH AIJ.IBS.

It is ik'cply to ho regretioii thnt an engraved portrait of
Admiral I)e T<*rnay eoulU not bo obtained to appeur in this
Volume, but (iirrfiil iiujuiry hm ftiilml to bring onc> to li;;bt.
An aiiton^niph »iignfttiirc of the Admiml has been i^onghl,
tboogh M-itb no belter t^nccc»tf. Dr. King informed nic thnt
he onec possessed one, tint ihnt. it had lioen lost.

In the course of years, subsequently to the removal of the
monument from Adniinil DoTcniiiy's grave, the public had
forgotten the spot whore he was buried, nnd in 1S50, but
one eilizen of Newport was living who coold point it out.
That 1VI18 the lute Dr. David King.* In early youth, the

Imliuifiiiiii or bf any oihpr BorTnimnl. ]>; Twuhv ditl not. »kf l^ftiTTllr. InvplraO by llw
lotpof hlirrlT. <<>luiilr#r lil*iiiAlt1«ii twM-l IiinIcIoTuut 4trUit|[l<n|E nMlnnaUtgr: but «-IIIl
willing o)MHlh>nn' in lit* niniiiiHiiiU uf lil* iHirfrvljrl>< Iw brou)(1lt li> nur walilitncrr skill.
oxpvfltncr, nitd h nitntic rrnoitu-rd inwKr. Jlii premBnire ilntili ti'*^'i>(*'* i'" ''^'■i*'''!
whifti llir cmiuIrT raprcinl frum bU iFrrifn. jtt iIiok H-rnlrF., to long k* lir<- (■•Ird, irrra
■pprrvtulrd hj hMtt gotrrBmrnli. Illi ourn gwrrnnivfit huiiorr^ i<l* (iqiulciliiv, anil latt It
tn tli« fhirire of outt, on Hit Mill VhMi hr hud •kfrmlril, nnd kmcnc Ihr propJe wlwni Iw
liad suMiomL Wr <:«nitol drkpila ibal Inut or pmnlt kiij but Ibc blghnt withOTiljr to
■rfmlnUtcr ll.

" Vlt mini not. In th<- honor* «r1ildi «« jmy to lliir lirrop* of our own llmr, forsrt thow
whnH ilrriji ItluitmlP <iBr ortldr atinal*. Inl tli* fmnr wliJRli nr niio oHrtimfi- niKf . In III
t«m, t>« put uMc by ilml nlilcli li uot brixhliT )■ \untt, but iit-urr <o Ihc DvIiir Krufni.

lion. Hut Irl Uf tiold in p<|nBl rrnirinbrBncp Itiow Wlm have Mmllflnl lliHr nainp* wllb
Ihoglfirj' or IIh- eoutiiry, tn wIiuIcvpt llim- ilwy flaiirEntiett, frpn wliMci'rr pllinp llifTMnif.
And let llin «>ni1ngic<'iL>'rtilli'iii I"' taoillil Hiil Itirxr wtio Cdutrlhiilr t« th<^ di-fruw, Ihe
aitvsniTinriit, llic rvrifinnof llicdrrM lli>jtiil>11i'.,*}mll imrr b* TorjiolUD, but iluUI IKv la
gmtcful ri-iiii-nibrancr. tswrnl vllh lt« IniiDorrRi life.

" tl niity liF pr(i|N-r. sl1li«ii|rli II la nat nmrMnrir. lo vajr llmt 1 prapOM Ulb rvMlMlVD
lrliaR|r nlthoul th* knuvlnlur of (lip >tan|iiU •Ic NiiHlllr'."

tn Hie llonw of KriirrfnilstirM Uie llowiriMis licnjBniin T. Kamcii, In nn caninl
■Dppan ot tht bin. Mill: "Kmncr, In aid of Dip colonic* tu tiMrlr •Inituclr for iadvprnd-
vufr, pippBiliml upwuita of rourf**>ti Uiindrrd Ihonfand t^nf, nnd laid u]M>n ihp altsr of
libtrtjr tht fiLvlfln, nvt odIj of tM( frraBurr, but »li>o i)i<- liirt of meay of hrr brn**
•oMIpnand Ml]»n>i and Mood ftubljr and railltrullj by her (.■uurantn' tiulll IhFeloan of Ihc
COBNM. And ll *r««n< in m* that Itil* ncujttilifuii I. di-manilvd nn IW iwi of tb* gorrrn-
im-nt nf iht I'nil^d MaiM !■ irraivnit rcintnil>nin» of ih» n(d of Frnnei', and a? ■ mMni
of l[»r|ilDf< tmb In (lie mRtnorj- of ili« Amrrlrsn pmpli- lii«r Inrnluablp iprvltv*. aa wril at
at worlnx tM Vrvntk propio ihui, BJr'ioiifli tlir laiMt- ol Tir*t\j m ernttirjr niajt ublliM«ie
lli» UixTlpll'in oo lh» monnmi'iit, i^-rlcd bj tlir Kr>-t>ch KInji In nia-niory of lh<> dl-tln-
fpilthpil niivnl olAntr. jpI Ii can n<ni>T olilllprain or rlTao* flum th* lioarU of Ihe AiDprlcan
pcopli a itrsitfui rpcollrcilon Of Ihc criM-rouf fupport ADd irmpalhr of rnnt* la our
Mnggie for national llfr."

rioon aftvr ch* paaaipicif thnbtll, thp ltarqal*d# >'oa[II(>« afldrrHi-d a Irttrr loSnMtor
Anilwar, cxpTfMtaKhliffmtlflcRtlonal th«Milonori'on|tr«ac, aadlhc Krrneb Mlnlrterof
ForriffB AShln, harlnK rvcvlTnl Oijin Mr. Wa*liburtir, tlw Amcrlran MinUli-r al I'arii, a
«Dprv<rU)eb01, wUb Hr. Anlhunr'* ipcwli, «xtir«MMl htmMlf InatlmUar maBOrr.

■It btflDOVU B pRlnfUl diilT lo rMord bcrc ibe drniii ut ilil* dlitlaguiilMd pkraMan,
■nlwlar and aallqnatlan. lH. Klof irat Lli« mmi oT Dr. Oaild and Ann liurdM Klnf, IIMl

4<

3-46

KHODE ISLANB IN THE REVOLUTION.

location tiad been shown to him by au uged man who was
present nt the interment, and who saw the (Niffin lowered into
the grave. Ever, after having received this information, Dr.
King kept the spot in view, and sacredly guarded it against
invasion. In 1879, in answer lo int|uirii'9 concerning the
Admiral, I received from him the following exhflusti\*e and
gniphic account of his sickncsfl, death, interment and wninl
monument : .

WW tjorD In N*w|MUt In WIS. Ifo dl»d Mirtli 7, IW3, In Iho •^TMIlcTIi r«*r of I*'* "K*-
Hr |trB>1'<>"'P'l Bt Brown t'liltmllj in ln,tl, raklofi. ■■ liU brolh»r, lliv Istr lldn. timrgr
U. KIhk, lihldouc tM-fiiTc, ttw rnJtdlel«T bonar. lie «tu<llnl cmdleliH! lu lltt JfRVrwm
Mdlii-al -vrlioi.!, (u riiiluildptila, wIkr) he pmloBtnl la IKII. After 111* ktwIwUIob. be
*lt)l(il l.urti|ic, «lilt ilir ilew of tmpfiiTlng hl> kcuwliditc lu hU prolVulon. t'(K>(i bi*
rctDm, he «itfrrtd npoii ihc * xtrtU* of M. pniroalot) In Xcwport, )ucM«4Unit lo tlir prat-
tle* uT hit IklhtT, vhD died about ll» How of lib fradualloD. Dt. King ro'c ntf'i")' >"
111* ]in>(p<iluii, mad hni ranked for inaD7 rran M vw oT ilie notl dUibigultlii-'l |>IiibI<
elui* or Hluxlr loUnJ. Ilr «m k mitti of cultufc. utA w*» pMCMMd of « rrBnrd and an
laleUM loi* of lliraaltini. Iliitorlnal aiid antliiunrlBn r»aiiuahu vapeclallj aliraclnl
hlin, and the vail aocaninlnt ion «r Kewpori and Ittioile ttlaud hiiltnlcal rvmatoi hr made,
•how* h«» ia/f:e a place llila nwcfc Olli^ Id hii IIIV. )ll> llbmrj tl one of the lln'-tc and
rami In iheii'lale. Vrry iHTj^tf ()ir<>ii|[li hit liKlnimtiilaUlj'ihF TCcwporl llltlndrsl Aocl-
•IT waa orfsnbed and ineurporatML lie becamt- \U proldcot, and Trota year (■> yrar wa*
raClecledlOllie lime or fait dralh. llu wasalnu ii nirDtirrorilir IlliiHiL- Idand llitlnrlral
Sucli-I)'. HI* iiiiTc ■.iraiid-iuariaij i^M-nrcN liil lilin lu a niniillnr BAiualnliiiice wtlli local
«Tcnt*.and Inalllluil nJalrdroNtwivrt anJ luttic lilaridaf Kliudi>l«la(jil 1ir¥iii> rvjcnnkd
ai ■ niial nulliorlty. U* tra* liir iiimiij yean fn^ldpiit uf llie lloani at* rorpnralori «f
tin: RvdwiMMi Library, and at llie time nt 111* deot-aae wm ont of itic llMrd of Ittrrctor*.
ll« Ha* tlir tir«i IVraldenl uf tl>e rSlalr lloani of Uealtti. He ttn* alto a lucmber of the
Santrai; tVofin-ltiui .SfHiiviT, « Rienitier of tlie Kliode Itland Soeteljr Of tlae Cincinnati, aad
had been frviideDI or tlie talauii Ceaelenr.

Boon anrr loktne till mrdicai drcnr. In \SH. Ur, Kinf married MIW Sarati Q. WhMlon,
4aii|1itrr of Iter. Satmon Wliralan, tlipn rn-jnr of 7>lulty diiircli. Ill* nhlnir, twoMHia,
and fMir daugbiarr furrlvv iilm. flu «4n* arf Wijllum Ittnry and l)K»td, .Ir. One dauKh-
trr, tiantb, wa« roarrlrd lo llr. Wilitain H. Itrirkiit-a'l. nrnl aootlier to a .tlr. I'oumiiT, of
New Yorii. Of I>r. KlTi|c*a broclk^n. Oeurfe U. and l';ilnanl are deveaMd, and WUtlam U.
■lOH flRvtrM.

■Ijr tiMdrathor Dr. Kins, the citfo' Ncw{>art ha* bn-n brr<«ti<d of me of IttnanciU-

llTalcd cltUrud. unci the Ktiodf liland Medina] Sr>cltt}, of nlilch lie had hrea a IVealdeal

and a (;«n«or, hat lo>t one of lli brliftilNl omatnenl*. Die auikor rf Ililt work. wliUe pro-
■reiilliig Ida hUlurleal Inijutrlei, lio* bveil indelilml lu l)r. Klnfc fur rr|>ealcd ri>iirle>lrfl,
aixt with tliB larfle circle, tvblcJi will iiiUa til* x^iilal [jrvMnce and luatnirllre oonTariatlun,
mourn* Mr dvalh a* a prraonat Ima.

ThF remainii of Ilr. Klnft wnr Intrrred in tbr [aland (Vcnrlrr?. Tfae flnx-ral wrrice*
luok plan Ju Trinll^ Cliurdi, In the pieiruci- nf a crouilHl andlenu, t-nibradng the prontl-
neol clliivuf uf tlie dly. riirj- vrerv eonilueled by Iho reclor, the Ker. (ieorn* ><■ Maj|lU.
and hia aaaUtanl. the Kcv. Mr. Mauiaii, Tlir brarrri wrrv )>rnfr**or WIIlla« liamnvcll.
of rraHdonM, Dnn. Wllllnm 1*. Sliefflrld, Tlioinat B. Humor, F.h|., Colonid WUllam fill*
pin. Jatne* Kitdr llawruii,Ktq.. il.U. Stone, U.U., llenrr 1^- Turner, M.D.. and Kx-Xajror
licorci- H. CiiIirH.

\

^ > 1.

OUE FRKNCn ALLlKa.

3-17

NRwroRT, RnODF. IscAyn,

October 21, IB'O.
Rhv. E. M. Stone:

DfarSir:-! &eui1 ihe muiuacrlpt accoant of U« Terany. It Is sub-

nlltctl to)'uur luspuciloii Ibr pubUentlon In your book.

I nm yooH, very iruly.

fJoA^ ^ujru:^

" When I was n ynuth there rcsliieil In \cwport a venerable oW chroni-
cler uT pita t llinc.i, Mr. TliointiA Ilorn^by. AC one period of his life lie
ilevotetl hlnwdf to tnkiiig care of Invalid pcntlcmcn ntio cwiie lo New-
port Tor the beiiL'lll of the reaCornllvr {>uwer!t of Its cllmiite. In the last
ecntHry, ondcr Dr. Sl■nl1^r, Ilr. Flclclirr, Mr. K.vrc-, Dr Olyphnnt nnd [>r.
Ha&toii, he liml acqtiirrd much experience. And for ihi- InMitllt nf various
grnllcrii^n, and his n-U-nds In later thues. he wn.« alwnys re«dj to exercise
Ills skill in tlie re;culalluii uf the diet anil reglinL-ti, mid the in»nnK<-nii-nt of
a stck ruum uiiUl he himself hccnuie disabled. He possespud n wide
knowledse of the funilliar occurrences, and an cuteiwlve actiualiiiiiiice,
norc or less Intimate, with the intelligent niintlle« and clistUiiCti>sh«1 vlsU
torn of Neiv|>ort.

■' I'rom hlra I heard tli« story of the French Admiral I>« Temaj's death
Knd rUnernl. De Teriiay's death oecurred very »nddeidy. and wa* sup-
posed to have resulted frum an attack uf mnli^fuant fovcr. When t\»\U: a
youth, he wcul with thnse appntnK'd for the purpose, Into the chamber
where the Admiral died n&d i>aw tlio body placed In the coffin. Kvcry
mark of honor was paid to llic remains of the brnvc Admiral. The calar
Ikfaine npon which he wiw ptncnl viw draped in lilack crape, btit lla din-
tlncllve deeoratlun wan the nntlonnl flag, with the lint, the epaidettes and
the sword of the deceased, to^^ethvr with the mednts of tioninir he had
received and the iustgnla of the Orders to which he belonsed. The room
InwWch he was pisccil waa shrouded In black. The wbol« apartment
wa.1 llKhled np hy the mnny wax candle.s tliat Hiirroundcd the catafalque.
Dying III the Wanton house In Washington street, the Admiral was
carrk-rt from llKrniri; to Trinity clmrch-yard by a sek-ct body of aallora
from hiK o»n Iliic-Khlp. The fliiienil cortege wna very Imposing, as It
took Its wny along WashlUKton Hlreet. up the lung wharf, ihrougli Thanxat
•trcet, and up chtirch street to the church yard. The bands of the anuy
and navy played tbrtr mournful and mrlanchuly «iniins as the brllUaot
processlou passed along the ntrecta. Every eligible place was used by the
I>rople to wllnefls the »ceD«; every window and bonsetop was crowded

348

BIIODE I8LA.ND IN TKB REVOLUTION.

along the way. There. In llie prorwi»lon near llie bier of tlielr Ititc eorn-
mHn<k-r, ii|i[ii.'ure(l ihc inoNt (]latii)^<il»ht.'d rnptiims of the t'rencli nAVy.
ivitii bitiJ-jL'a or Hiouriiln;;. Id llie ftiiK-Tsil ir.Tlu llie fortes of llii; navy
Wfr« ([iiilt imnirrutii, nml ttiu ctirluus obwrwr could cliscrni, niinniff llie
offlwrn. the (WrqucDC iisc of llie <1ecoratloii of Si. Louis. All evw mure
directed upon the luorc celubmU'd offleer* of the Frcirch nrmy — wIlli
whom llie people set'iiicil more l^iniiUiir. FIfhI In iiiipurtiiuce was Cooiit
(le Koetmiiibifiii, I.lculeiiHiit-OenernI, CominniKler of the French tand
furces In UtiiMje I»lnnd, nccompBDlett by his ni>i»,— dc Fer>eii, tie Lami-tlt,
anrl (le IIiiiiiim. Mauy of the ravorite ofllL-ers were abNenC, as iLicncconi-
pllshed C'licvaller de CliiLHtfUiix, ttii.' clilvnlrU^ <le I.aiiziim. the ^iracrnil (Ic
Konllk'*, atid tliv spirited de Montei>(|ii)eii, miO t'oilie of llie Bhlcxt yeiilnr
oflleers, the Marquis do LaCiil the Cuiini de CuMliie itud the Count ile
Uciix PotiU. Bill ihe people reiiiarhed itie uohle bciirlDf; of the broiherR,
— the Baron and the Connt de VicunenDll.— (iiid were ftilly c'mtltI<-'<) by the
splendid, hilllianl nimI pcciilUr uniforms of the vnrions regimeiilx, Iti the
pruceKsion. The BoiirbonnoiR, under Ltetitennni-Colonel de l!resolLci«, tlie
Koyjtl Deux-Poiils, under It* fiisclntilinK Coloiiid. llic Duke de l)eiix-I'onl» ;
the SoiKSonnoiM, under Count de Sulnt-Maiitic ; the Snlnlonge. under Count
de Cliarlus: the: Ke[[1tnent of Artillery, iind>-r roloticl D'AHovilte; slid the
Boyal Oorp^ of ICn^lnccm, under Colonel HcKiindrouinn. Sueli a mnKiilfl-
centastienibln^e ortroopA, well appotuledla nrma aud aecoutremenla.hud
never before been seen in New[>orL

" The body of Ihe Freneli Admiral wiw carried Into the chiirrh-ynrd by a
aelect numlwr of French tiiiUort. The cullin was preeeded by twelve
I'ricKtx, and. nn the fmneral whs ni twItlKht, wllli ll;jlited lorchea lu tln-lr
hands. Around the kchvu tliey elianied the Bunian CutliuHe )H.Tvk-e. and
perfoimed uil the customary rites of llie <"atholIc Church, with u jfeimlne
l^'lhijt of liiidiieA!), naturally iiwnkencd by the iihlDty and vlrtueh uf the
dlsllnun I lulled dead. The coffin wna sndly lowered Into ilic grnve. whieb
wns prepored fur Uic Admiral In the north-east pnrt of Trinity church*
yard.

" Tlie troops gave their laat salute to Iheir bravii comninmh-r, and lelt
hlni to »leep in the American aoil, tMidLT Ihe proleclln;; care of the AnierU
can da;;. The vnint nseeiulilajju dispersed, and the troops ivtunied to tbelr
()imrters, nlth the most antniiuhif; siralnii uf military inui-li:, ao striktu^ly
In contrast nilU lliu jjlooni and mehnr.holy of the fliiicrul iimreh loivards
the grave. The people were deeply impi-evscil by this aimnge. fo.'Mrlnatlnt!
and nioiiniful ncenr. TUcy seethed Lo ftd fur a inoinenl that tlie poinp ol
drnih had a oiihlline rtidlly. aixJ that IIk; grand eeretiiiiny Lhey had Wit-
neuaed, kkh nvt tl)« valti thing which their cducatlou bud taught tlufiu lo
believe.

" In 1785 the inonDmeot of Admiral iJe Tertidy wa« received In New-
port, aud in the early part uf July wax erected Iti Trlnlly ehiiieh-yard. It
■was countjjned lo the care of I'elcg Clarke, V^q., who liad beeii iitueh
CHipluycU lu tUo French service during the Ucvolutloiiary war. ile had

OVR FKBNCII ALLIES.

841)

nccurnte loHtructloiis fur ereciliig Uie inuiiuineiit. Ii vms de^lcned for th«
iDieriur \>f Trinity l-Ihiil-Ii. but nt) HiUug pUcv coulU bL' funnd (ur Lt. ADd
III L<»ii!itiltatlao with th ! VcAiry of tltc rliiirrh It was rcsolvirU tu er<K.-t It
over th« ffTtive of The AdmlrHl. It was [t\M-va on a m^iio fuiinddtlon. and
-NUpport*^ by ft woodeo slraetarL'. In tb« course of time the wood
d*.-ciiycd, jiiid It ban-iiiiiR neccip-iiry lo renew It, or to rrmuve Hie marble
vlab w'illt I(« Ktotw ruuiiODlluti to thu norili nido uT Uk- cbiiix^h. The latL«r
course iras detUleil upon. Here )l romiilRcd Tor ronny yvun, \t» gllttliif
imOually fuiHiitf iml. niiO hoidv oT ibc ttloucrf of nhivb H wa» couipo4<i-<l
belug crackeik. by the Tmsut or our severe winters. Sc-c)ii({ the expo.<ie(l
kttuucliin or ibc inoiuiitifiit, [ lorik inen»iire.4 about thr yonr IMS tu pro-
tect It, An<l. triib the aid of sonic liberal frtcnds, erected a wooden cimlii;
wllb fDlillnj; duorit, irhkh cotilj be uulooked, for the gralillcatlon of vM'
Ion liilvrvaU'U lu Itiv inonumcut.

" DurliiK niy yuutti, nud I presume ever after the moiuiment wu
rcrMoved tu ibe mirtli .-Hide of the diiircU, tin* j{rnve of Adinlnil De Teruay
wBs t)nd1.-«lti];[iil:>hc<l,niicl lliclocntloii of Hit- grove w«!H-iillri-ly r»rj;oClcn.
It vetin. In fact, -mppcised lo t>c directly tiiiilcr the Mlabcn'ctrd on th« north
ftldt of the <:htin-h. It wiw covcnd wllli lb*- grtH'u «(Viinl, «nd the stoni-
(noing! (iT I lie grave wn-t nboDt tlirce Tvvt bt^luvv lb(> siiirncc of tho ground,
wllti no mark lo liidicutc Its locution. In the tiicnnllmc-. I kept In
rtMUcmbniiic-u thi; locality pointed out to tne by Horubby, a» In th« nortb*
cast pun of thi^ yard. l)n the :JVtb or October, In 1 RoO. fliidlag a new gravo
nindt- 111 that portion of tlic ihnruh yard, I bc-inme npprtbt'iislvu for the
aafcly of the rrmnlnti of the Fn nrti Ailmlrnl, and in>tltuLL'd. int»ii!t1lAU-ly,
»on>c t-xpliirjitioii^ by int-nns of wlikh I dUcovi-u-d llic i>r«K.-ht: pl.icc of
hU bnrlul. The i;ratlf\-lna reiiult vrus, that the gravv of the Admiral was
«ns11y found Iti tin: north east part of Lliu ctiurcli-ynnl, nbuul three feet
below the furfuce of the FjrouU'l, solidly cncaHcd In stone. I at once look
a pint of the ground, niarkltij; upon U the precitte spot, by accurate nieas-
uri'incMt. frura Hxed polntn. I atlll hav« lit my po»scssion tl]b4 plat, and I
Intended to have di-poi.[ted It In the arcldvcit of the Newport llUtorlcal
Soclipty, linphijii to prnpoKe to the Society, nt some flitiin- day, the erection
of a monument over Ute grave of Admiral l)e Tcrnay, A few yi-ars nftcr-
wantri, when a coiniiitttec was appointed by Trinity church corporation to
re;;mi.Ie lli.e grounds, aud to roetoi-e nioiiumeol» which hud bven iivtalectcd.
1 obtained Itie rnniient of the cominUtee to place over Hie grave of the
FrencE) Admiral ituiEif Ijrge slabs, whoM; Inscriptions bnd bern elTttced by
time. IhuN iiecurln)|[ the iiieana of alirnya dv>i;;iialhig Hie loi.-aliun. The
AdintrnlV fp-avo reuialUL'd In this slate, when, In Uiv Muuiuu-r of IHTS, the
French MInUler to the United Stales, tlie Martinis de Noatlles was
Informed of Hie couUlilon uf ttiu inoiuiinuni to [)e Teruay on the north
Hide of the clinrch, and of the app«rcuily nc;;lL-cted ittalc of Lhu grave,—
the Hitc of whii'li I b»d dbtcoverecl in IHSO. The Marquis do Noalllw
resolveil to n;palr the orlj;ln:(l monument, and to place It a;^aln:4t tl>e trail
In the vestibule of the church. Uc resolved likewise to plicc a granlt«

490

RHODE ISI>AHD IN THK REVOLf TION.

stab over the gnvo of Ibe Admiral )u Uio cburcb yud. Tlicse resolutloua

hfl carried Into eBTMt.

•■ The orlfclnal monament Is of black KH-titlon cnarblo, sorroundcd by
moulded (!asli)gs, Hnd liupported by carved bracket.^ of wlilt« tnorble.
Between tbe brai'k«u, anti bt;iii.-«Ui lli« KKyptlan mnrblc, U itn t'.icntcbeOD
un wlilcli nro rarr^tl Ibv InslgnlBof tlip KnlglitKlloxiiitalteni oTSt. Johiinr
Jenisalem, to which order Lhe Admiral belgngcd, bul aL the time of bla
death liAtl Hot proreftfi'd ibe xowa or ukep the oatb».

" In I'utier'it tnonLhly llltistriiti'tl niiigaxitiv, vuhiTnv 4, pass 300. for
Aaj^nnt, IMTS, I'hlladt-liihla, In nii nrtlclp l)j- Mr. r.eorsc L'. Masoit, I tm
tbat tht; monument of l>e Tcniny is iUustnitcd by a ruc-sltnllc of tli« orlg-
nal drawing aeiit out from Frniice, but now In Ibc pusscssioii ofhl;* Tathcr,
Mr. tJ«yrg« C- Mnnoii, of Ncvrport.

"Ilnvlu^ bftu from an early pvrloil or llfu Jiilercil^tl in everything
relating to De Terimy's monunteni, I hml Bovenil iiit«rvk*«8 <vUii tbe lata
Mr. Pel(!(! Clarke, In wlilcb lie Inrormt^iL nn:, tlint bo had In his poBsea»loD
tbe drawings that had b«fn used by Ma grandrutbcr In 9<Htli>^ up the mon-
ument tit Trinity church-yard. At some convenient opportunity, he prom-
ist-ti m(> iL view nT tlirm. IleiK'cfortli ttit; orl^lniil inimiiEneul of Tie 'Vvt-
nay. Rtlded and restored Id 1872. under llie superintendence of the !l[ar«|Ui«
de Noallk-«, will be preserved »mt protected w Ithln tbe vMtibule or portico
uf Trlultj cburcb.

" There Ix a eouimou mlsnppreheiHluii, amunK recent writers, concern-
ing the House In nhlch Dr. Ilunicr llvi;il. Dr. Wllllnin Hunter iK'vvr lived
111 Wtisblivi^on street, as has been Kiild. Ills rtslgleiici- waK In Tbomea
street, In the hou-ie now owned nnd neeupU-al by Mr. .iHuies Taylor, near
Mnin »trt*l. I>r. Hunter died In th[it boaa« on Tlinnn-s street in I7T7,
Mis family, »iil)!tc<[i)ently to bis di-ntb, rvstded In the same hvuw, nnd It U
or tbe LMilertaidiEieiUK clveu lu tills Ituuse to tbe Kreucti ulllcvr^ of Rocbam-
beau's aruiy by Mrs. Hunter, and her bfllllautly liaiidHniue daogliters, that
de hanzun, In h\a Memoirs, spenks so MitbUKiastlcally.

"Adnilnil DeTi-rany resided and died In tbe house of Colonel Jiwepli
Wanton, .Jr., on Wn^ililn^tan street, whii-b, at the time, was seqaeBtCTMl,
nnd anerwanh, a-H ttie property of n toynllrtt, waa contlaciited by the Stale.*
Il was sold by ii eoinniitlni" yf the Ueneral A"»rinbly. Si-plcmber 20, I7BB,
to llcnjnit)in IJonr«e, Ktiq , for £?."00, oui'-fonrlh of the vslne belnji paid
at the thne of sale. It pH&!>L><l by ik>cd to a ^ucceHflon of lndUiduab>, Qtitll
nt length It came Into the po^si^sston of John I., Boj^ti, Em*)., by whom, on
January 17. 1»(W, It was sold to the laic Hon. Wltlhim Honter, the mem-
ber of the United States .Senate, nnd tbe Minister to Hrajsll. Mr. Hunter
made it lils re.tlde»cc. and died (here December S, 14^9.

"In the Latin Uiacrlptlon uii De Ternay'ii iiioHnincot vre fltid a detailed

• Ilonuby Mlf] llir Ailmlral 'llrd In Ihr •aulli-patt diambfr, whrrc hr «m pIhcmI lu tha
oolBn. Ilurnabr llkrwlac miM (Iml tli«- room imibT The (')inml>L*r, via., tbe Mullr-vasl toon
oa llir am Suor, wai lued ai ttM tnAauxv r«>in at Ibe Ftcaob navf.

Oim FRENCH ALLIES. 351

accoant or the principal events of De Terney's life. Now tlit: English
translation, nbicb was printed in the Newport Mercury, July 9,1786, with
the Latin inscrlptlun, was probably the production of some distinguished
scholar of France, and sent out with the monaiuent to America. I will
venture to suggest as itn author the Marquis de Chastellux, a splendid
General of the French army and au accomplished memlier of the French
Academy. He was IVimlllar with the English langonge, and translated
into French, for the benefit of his countrymen, Colonel Humphrey's
address to the American army. The General, too, was not unacquainted
with the principal Incidents tu De Ternay's career."

PART VT.

M. BESTOIU'HKS SUCCEEDS TO THE fOMMAND.

CALKN'IiRIRR FRANCAI8.— LIST OP VESSELS COMTOSISfi THE
WiLADROS, AND OP OFPtCERS ATTACHED TO EACH VCS-
I^EL.

[mMEI^I ATKLV upon the death of Admiral De Tonmy,
M. Desluiichfa, lh« senior Captjiin of tlie wiuatlron,
assiinim) roummnd. Up h*'U\ llie rosiM-ft and contideiice of
nil bis officers. Piior lo (he Admiriil's denth, soveral ves-
sels were added to the squiidron. Chfliiges were nlso nuide
iitnong the officers. On preceding pnges, the nnnies of the
princifNil officers of the French land forces iire given. As n
coDiplement of these, a list of the vessels enniposing the
s^nadmn, nnd of the n»tnes of the odJcers attached to eiich,
Ht the beginning of 1781, here follows. Il is eopicd from (be
" Caif/iJn'fr Fraiieafg," of thut yenr, printed by nulhorit}
at the Royal Marine Press in Newport.* *

KTj|T>MA40R.

U. DiWTOrcnRli. Drijcaillcr de* Aniu'u ikivhImi, OAiifinil.
H. Dk (liuKciiAiM, MaJiH- charge du d^ull g^ndiil.

North Aiiii-Hm.' tu be prlulcd lbr4l>lrlbullniilohla fHnedaln Riini^,tiM marvlhnn halT
•a wlitcli wii< itD'iwii lu htivc rractim Id (Vnliutloa. The *• OtHmdHtr nnrnfalt,- U now
ntt, Tlw NiKpDrl Mcrcttty of A|iril Ifi, IWl, «ij», " wr bellrve tbit* ure bill Iwo rnpkt
prawrrrd." Wliathvi ili* cniij hi tnj fioMTwIoa l« o thin), Ibrir Ufr Doprt'Mvi luvan* of
MwnnUitoc.

ODB FRENCH ALLIES. 353

Lt .VefKutie, de 14 canons.

MU. De la Vicomti Cap. en second da G^niral.
De Beaupoll, Lieutenant de valaseao.
De Chabot, Wem.
De Kermorlal, (dm,
De MouUdb, idtm.
Bill, idem.
Le Cher, de Goeabrlant, Enselgne de vaisseaD, ftiiaaDt foQctlon

de Soufi-Aide-Mf^or de rEscadre.
d'Algremont, ^m.
Bertbelot, Offlcler aaxlllalre.
Basalcre, idem.
Lemolne, Htm.
De la Garde., idem.
Dellgay, Garde de la Marine, faioaDt les fonctioDS de Sooa-aide-

major de TEscaJre.
Le Cher, de la Guerlvlere, idem.
De Plgnlere, ftlent.

De CombetU, Capit. commandant le D^tacbemout de Bresse.

Le Cher, de Monty, Lieutenant.

Le Cber. de Coursay, sous-Lleatenant.

Le Conquirant, 74 canoju,

MM. De ta Grandiere, Capitalne commandant.
De Cbeffontaine, Capitalne en second.
Dupuy, Lieutenant de Valsdeau.
Blessing, idem.

De la Jonqulere, EDselgne de valsseau.
De Kergus, idem.
De Macarty, idem.
De Betlegarde, idem.
De Bulssy, idem.
Cordier, Offlcier Auxillaire.
Deahals, idem.
Gaesenec, idem.
MorasUn, idem.
Delivec, Garde de la Marine.
De Lourmel, idem.
De Lelrltz, idem.

MM. De Laubanay, Capit. du dgtachement de la Sarre.
De Lamotte, Lientenaut.
De Loyac, Sous-Lleutcnant.

45

354 ' BHODB I8LAin> IS THB BBTOLUTION.

L'EvfQU, 64 canons.

HM. Le Gardeur de Tilly', CipltiUne commuidant.
Le Cber. de Beanvoir, Lleotenaut de vatsseaa.
Le Cher, de Maslys le grand, idem. •

De Camas, Enselgne de ralsseau.
Dnpont de la Roasaiere, idem.
Le Gardeur de Till;, idem.
Uu Coaedic, idem.
De Kerblqnet, ideta.
Cost^s, Offlcler anzllialre.
FoBtcI de la YUlehoux, idem.
Fottler, idem.
Desperots, idem. ■
De Valentin, Garde de la Marine.

MU.De Boqaemare, Capltalne da d^tacbement de Bonrbon.
De HarsiUy, Lleotenant.

La I'rovence, 64 canona.

HH. Delombard, Capltalne commandant.
De Mesnard, Lluatenant de rtieseau.
Pnk£, idem.

De Garat, Ifoselgae de Taissean.
J>i Bremoy, idem. ■
Tie WatronvUle, idem.
Perreult, OBlcier anzllialre.
DeTBchers, idem.
De CoQtrepont, idmi.
Qiiesael, idem.

De Fensentenyd de Kervereguen, Garde Marine.
Desol de Grlsollcs, idem.

MM. Le Baron d'Erff, Capltalne dn d^tacbcmcnt de Rohan -Sonblse.
Guardlc, Lieutenant.

Ije Jamn, 64 canons,

MM. Dc la Clochetterlc, Capltalne commandant,
Douvllle, Lieutenant de valssean.
Du Trevoux, idem.

De BolscbAte:iu, Enseiiine dc valsseau.
Duvlvlerde Barnave, idem.
Larocbc Keraiidraon, idem.
Basterot de la Barriere, Eusclgne de raUseau.
Henin, Offlcler auxlllaire.
Goyer, idem.

OUB FRENCH ALLIES. S55

FIgQot, idem.

FoHsart, idem.

De Lavtllegouan, Garde de la Marine.

De Vemcs, idem.

MM. De Mlllerelte Capit. du dgtacliemeot de ColouelG^n^ral.
BessoD, LieutenaDt.

Le Due de Bourgogtu; 80 canom.

MM. Le Cher, de M^dlne, Capltalne commaDdant.
De L'Erondel, Lloatenant de VaisBcau.
Le Comte de Capellis, idem, faisant fonctlon d'Alde-MaJor de

I'Escadrc.
Le Cher, de Koqucseull, idem,
De Ferrlerea idem.
Deslogea, Capltalne de BrAIot.
Sannlcr, Eoselgne de valsseau.
De St. Vincent, idem.
De Vlsdeloup, idem.
BulssoD, Offlcler auzlllaire.
De Vlllegrls, idem.
Pinquer, idem.
Douville, idem.

De la Kocheroucault, Garde de la Marine.
De la Roche St. Andr^, idem.

Daverton, Capltalne du dMachement de Colonel -Gfiniml.

De Snrvlllc, Lieutenant en second.

De Lamotte, idem.

De Tourvllle, Sous-Lieutenant.

L'Ardent, 04 canons.

MM. Le Cher. Berniird de Marlguy, Caplt. command.
De Launay-Ti'omelln, Lieutenant de valsseau.
De la Trancbade, Enseigne de valsseau.
Le Cher, de St. Pern, idem.
De Tourville, idem.
I./e Grolng de la Romagere, idem.
Le Vencur do Sieume, idem.
Dupuit, Offlcler auxlltairc.
Mongon, idem.
Bourgeois, idem.
Lamolsse, idem.
De Cheux, Garde Marine.
I.e Seige de VlUebnine, idem.

De la Plncoiinlcre, Capltalne du d^tachement de Bourbon.
Bonnifalx, Sous-Lieutenant.

850 BHODB lUfAND IN THE BBTOLUTIOK.

La Frigate la QttOit d< S2 eantnu.

HH. De la Vlllebnine, C«plt de raissean. Command.
Le Cher, de Boor, Llenteoant de Valsaeaa.
Btleone, Ofllcler aazlUairs.
AlUot. idem,
De Q0Q700, idem.
Kenienatue, idem.
Baisson, idem.

La BuroeUIaiUe, S3 canona.

MH. Le Cher, de YllleiieQve-Cillard, capitalne de rilssean, commaa-
dant.
Ifiineaal de Quler, Bnaelffne de raisseaa.
BODDlec, Offlcter aasllialre.
Le Stear, Offlder aaxUUlre.
Trancfaant, Idem.
Thlbaot, idem.
Scot, Oarde de la Marine.
La Soudiere, idem.

De Rhia, Ltentenant an Riglm. de Rohan-Soabiae.
L'Sermioue, S2 eanona.

HU. De Iratoache, Lleatenant de ralaseaa, commaDd.
Daqneaoe, Lfeoteaant de Talaaeaa.
Lacrolx de Tagoas, Enselgne de Vaisaeao.

Trola Offlclera aaxlllatres.

La Ouipe, de 14 canons.

Le Cber. de Haalevrier, Eneelgne de valsseau, commandant.
Ganot, Offlcier aazlllalre.
Le Gloanec, idem.

Le Fantasque de 24 eanone.
HM. Le Cher, de VaudorS, Lieutenant de trkgale, commandant. &e.

OUR FBENCH AUJE8.

857

OPENING OF THE YEAR 1781.

WASHINGTON DISAPPOINTED BY A RETBOSPECTIVE GLA27CB
AT TUB PAST^ NAVAL EXl'EDITIONS.

^% S the year 1780 drew towards a close, Wusbiiigton
^^^ wrote, in review : "Disappointed of the second divis-
ion of French troops, liiit more e8i>eeially in the expected
naval Biipcriorily, whicli was tlie pivot upon whit-h every
thing turned, we have heen compelled to »pend au inactive
campaign, ufler a llHtloring prospect at the opening of it,
and vigorous struggles to make it a decisive one on our
part." The opening of ITfii] did not l)righteu his words.
In a letter to Sleshcch Ware, President of New Hampshire,
he says :

"The »^^rftYAt4-d cfllumltic^H sod distresses that havA resulted [to the
auldlors] from tbc Uttul wmit of pay for iwarly twelro montlu, the WRiit
of clothing at « Severn ftenxoii, nnd not unfhrquRiitly the want of prorts-
liiiw, «rc Iwyond dt^scriptioii I give It decldedlj- M mj opin-
ion, that It in rain to think au Hmiy can be kept tozether m\KU longer
under such u varluty ureufTurlugs tm ours lias cxpcrlcoccil, and chat aukss
some iinmeillHto and i^plrlted nueasuren are adopted to forulsh at least
three months' pay to th« troopi^ In money, vrtilch will be at some value to
them, and at the ntuac time ways and means are devised to clothe nnd feed
tbcm bettor (more re;!ularl>- I mean) than they have been, Ui« worst that
c*n bcfiiU ua niiijr bu expected.**

Money, and a naval force that would insure superiority al
sea, were two pre»tiiiig wantii of the hour. With Uiese, the
war could he made to take a vigorously otfensive form. With-
out them, offensive movements would he constantly embar-
i-assed. Hut Washiugton, after "hoping tigain»t hope," vtaa
watchful of llie eiieuiy, and used his stinted means of resist-
ance according to the dictates of a comprehensive judgment.

85S

RHODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLUTIOH.

In February, I78I, Gononil Lafayette, with u Ixidy of
twelve hundred mpn, was sent to Virginia, to act in conjunc-
tion with the luenl milUia, and with a naval force detached
by M. Destourlics from his Bquiidi-on. to operate against the
eneniy in that State. This delathmeut, cotumanJed by M.
Ue Gardeur de Tilly, consisted of the Ba^faip " I'EveilliJ,"
sixty-four jruns, "laticntiMe," and "la Surveillnnte." frigates,
Captains de Villeneuve-Cillard and de la Villebrune, and the
cutter "GnOpe." They sailed fmm Newport, February 9th,
for Chesnpcnke Ba\', where they arrived on the 18tb. They
drove Arnold's fleet up KlizabetJi river, took u sloop with
one hundred lmrr<;!s of flour, etc., on lioard ; the privateer
" Earl Cornwallis," of sixteen guns and fifty men ; the priva-
teer "Revenge," of twelve guns and twenty men, with three
of their prinea ; nlso another privateer of ei^ht gnns and
twonty-five men. On tho 19th, they sailed in pursuit of
two vessels, which proved to bo Ihc Britlah ship " Komulua,"
of foi-ty-four gtnw and two hundred attd sixty men, Captain
Gnyton, and n Inrge lirig, haviug on board one hundred and
fifty-nine Virginia refugees, with their effects, bound from
Charleston to Virginia to re-establish themselves at their old
habitations. These two vessels struck, tjfter tiring only one
gun. The " Romulus " had £10,000 sterling on board, with
which to pay Aniohr^; troops, and aUo a quantity of cloth-
ing. The lirig had four men killed from the fire of one of
the frigulet-, and the others were taken out, and the vessels
bunit with all the eflecta. On the 3d of March the "rEvoillA"
and the two frigales returned to Newport, with the " Romu-
lus," having sent the jirizcs they took in ^'irginia to a safe
port in tiiat State, under the care of General Xelson. The
cutter, which parted from the other ships iu a snow stoiiD,
the night Ihey willed from Newport, amved safely in Phila-
delphia, having taken and carried in with her a privateer
brig of sixteen guni* and two ])rizus she had in eompany.

The vessels driven up Klizabeth river to nearwhero Arnold
was entrenched on a neck of land were the "Charon," forty-

OUB PBEWCH ALLIES.

Sfi9

four guns; "Thiimes/'lbirty-sixgHns ; "Arajjhitritc,"twentj--
sixgims; "Hope," eigbtcen guns ; "Loyalist, "sixtccngiina;
"Itonetta," sixteen guns; " Geneval Monk," sixteen guns;
" Vutciiii," Jirc-sliiji ; with tlie "Comet" iinil tin; " Hu^jar,"
gatleys, carrying two eighteen poundei-s each. The detach-
ment returned to Newport on Monday, March 2ijth.

M. Dcatouchcfi was earnestly dcsirniis of o]>erating against
the Knglisli on the Penobscot. A fort held at the extremity "
of our coast gavo protection to a nest of " corsairs and
pirat«8," that preyed iiijon the commerce of the Atlantic
cities, and he was strongly ftolicitetl i>y mertbauts to attempt
ita destruction. But the project did not meet the appmval
ofWashington, who considered the risk as not warranted by
the advantages to he gained, and it was ahiindoncd.*

The success of thU expedition, under M. de Tilly, induced
M. Bestouches to engage in another with his outiro lleot.
Accoi-dingly, having received on tKinrd l,l.'i(i men fioni the
land forces, together with several pieces of artillery under
the command of Baron Viomesnil, he set sail from >i'ewport
on the 8lh of March, and on the 14th was olT {!ape Charles.
The subsequent everits of this ex|>editlou are given in the
words of a report apparently otficial :t

"Th« xotilli wlnils, wliicb b1«w very liard, did nol Jilluw Uinci [ttic fleet]
to rlw In the wind so ati to go Into Ciipe Henry; on the contrary, thty
Were drove tKmliwsrd. mud tucked abuut Lwu ivhulc duys. 0» ttiu Ifith,
at (Inybreuk, the wind aUU cuullnulng to blow n-oni the humu quarter, but
with le^a fon-e, and the wt-allicr foggy, the fleet having their larboard
tacks aboard, a rrlgut*^ wiu dUcovered two gunshots to n-lndwnrd. The
Admiral mad^ .slprnal Tor ehiutln^, but n mIioiI time urif r, many Urge aUps
appeiirii)); thn>U|{h the fog. he did nut Id the leii«L dotiliL litil the ItrUi>h
fleet bud got InteLUKcncc, by some CRemy to America, of Ids K'^lng out,
apd tliat ilie iiurih and uorlh-weitt wlud^ fauvliiK iiiiide itiem run more
largL" thitti the Frpneti fleet, they were arrived almost ils sonn its the
Frenrh on thr const of VlraiMin. In conBefiaonce of that reflecttnn, he
csllcti back the ihiue. and the wind hhining to tJie iiurtli-ctist lu the Hame
Instant, he made nI^iniI Io form the line, wltli the larboard tackn aboard.
The Itritish fk-el wnjt then two lesguee oO* to the southtvatd, steering tli«

* Menurtn of BoeluuubMu, I., p. 9W.

T ITortdenee Uawile, AfvU 7. ITSt.

360

RHODE ISLAND IS THE REVOLUTIOy.

siiine cottno. Ai 9 o'clock, tbe French fleet wore ronnd nltcMl by tbe
counter-niarch; half an hour sfttT. tliv Britlttli dkl tlic satnt-. At bairmftvc
10. Uic Admiral seeing that tho wlnil lacrenged. and that he was approtcb-
lag tlie shallows on Ibn north coast of Vlrf^tnla, miMlt* nlpial to tAk« tbe
larboard tAcks Rboard. xod to wear round before tbv wind by coonter-
inarch. The Hievnller Dtr^ttonctuiH wuh cormcIou!! thai not bavtnx S^t
Into Lhv OhMspeskv l>erQro the enemy, blf «x|K-diilon iximUI not take plac«;
bv knew It was Impoeiiible to land bis troops even from thv in<*ii-nr>war
tiudcT thv lire of a supvriur fiL-et; lih only care was for the Klorj of ttw
iLraiJs of his Kln^. without cndnngerlug hLs Hect.

" The ooemy taking advantjige of their superiority iu ttuillnii; aud force,
continued to rl«o In thi? wind, crowding a gntat deal of siiil. and having
their starboard tacks a.board. At noon, they wore in the French fleet's
wake; a llUle before one. ihelr von approached within half* league of the
rear of the Fr«ticti line, and tli«y sutnued lu have a mind to attack to tbe
leeward. Till Ibcn the Chevalier Dcttonchen had worked hi!i bhlps so as
neither to iivold nor Hcek the en2:agempnt. bccRiiHe he w«« croiisclous that
even the happiest l«i»ue of It wontd hinder him from nilfllLIng hU principal
object; Init tin- honor of the Kln)t'!t nrnm which he niiist sustain before
Amedcfl, would not let hini kIvh room for the Uritinh to botixt that they
bad pursned liUu, even wUh a tuperlor force, and be took tho rcitolution
of Rtuickins hlinocir, by filing on their van, wcariuu round by a counter-
march, and fighting them on opposite Uckn. to leeward, that bis eblps
might wilh facility make use of their lower deck guns.

"At 1 o'clock, the headmost ship of the l-'rcnrh line waa within gunshot
of thrt beadtnuxt »hlp of the enpniy. »nd a frvi inltiulcs after, the enj;af;c-
ment began. Tbe van of the Drltldh fleet fell to leewitrd, ami the van of
tbe French fleet did the suuie, to kcvp up wilh Che enemy, so that llieae
Iwu partu of the fleet fonnht for some time, ruuulug bcAiru (he wind. A
llltle before 2 o'clock, the Admiral seeing that the maneurer of the BHlleh
\im did not allow It to nm more to leeward, made hU fleet hanl In the
wind, with larboard tiirks aboard, by a succe^slvf: motion, which rnada his
whole Ihir tlli; olT tipon the vun of tho enemy ; thlH niatieuver had a com-
plete success. The foreinodt ship hud scarcely borne the iirc of the fifth
Fn-Qch ship, wlieu she fel] to leeward, took lltu wlud on her starboard
^lilc, and left the IJuc. accompanied by a frlRnU' wljlcb came to her relief.
However, the rear of the British fleet had kept to windward, and was
near enough to fight the French rear, whilst it wa^ making a tnollon
U3 get in wake of the head of the lino. The attack of the enemy's van
did very litiio damage to tbe ships that sustnlntHl it, lliou^lt the 'Con-
qu^rnut' BuCfercd cousldenibly ; Imvina fought with the British van, she
eustalQcd all the Are of their ceutn^; vhc etspeeiully fo^^ht with a three-
decker, whose loss of her maln-topsall yuhl, and of (frimt part of hor
tackling, compensated the dfimagc she bnd done to the ' UonqutTnnt.' At
a (jutirter before 3. the flrlns havlug ceased on both sides, and the French
fleet bcln{{ ahuad, and to leeward of the Brlti»h, the Admiral made algaal

OUR VKENCH ALLIBS.

361

to Tor m the tliic proiiiIiiriiDu«1>', Inrbonrd tacks aboard; Id ft *lion time
this was (loiif, and thv tti-i*t run untlcr smnll sail, tci vspvclatloti the cntmy
wouIO attuck asecoud time. Tlic Admiral tlii-ii propowd to wear round
mil,! AiIl upon th«lr van, but the enemy )ind bucu aa 111 used In tboir llr»t
encouiitvr ihal they did not thlnh It pnidc-ni to rxposc ihcmsi-lces \o a sec-
Olid, nnd darini; the ruH a( tlic dny tlioy kept to the wlndwartl andastcrEi,
tvlthoiit laklny advoitl-igc oflLcir »up«riorilyin sailing lo rciiow the flglil.
In llic bc^intiii]^ of the iifclit tIiufn«no'* Acet Tell to leeward, and the
Frcucli duel uoiitinui'd Lw run tu tli« south-eiist witli very lillle &aU, *nd
all tli«lr llgbts bung out.

'*The next itiiy llio ciiutny were- nol lo be bvl-ii: nud the ClicvcUler
Destoiicbcs, though tho advuntftgo was on hla sldn, was obliged to rvuounofl
■ his hopes of unecortng Virginia, and In conscriucneo steered Iflwards New-
port to repair bia slilpa thai Lad been damaged, and to put th.cm In a con-
dition of Hitdvrlaking nuw operations."

The report, in conclusion, says :

"Tooinuch praise cannot be given lo the Intrepid flrtnneaa shown by
the CaptahH. officers, crews and troops. Their courage more than cotm-,
terlinlanctd tin* ntiinber and HujitTlur NtrciiKtli of the enemy'M ships; and
the expedition wnnld hnvc been KULccHsriil. had It been depending on the
>upcriorHy of courage. Tlic luss of the first amounts lo eighty men
killed, or dend of their nuund». ftiid one hundred uud twenty wounded.
Among the llrsl are sincerely to be liimentoil Mon^lmir IX< ChufTuuUlne,
Captain of the navy, and Monsieur D» Kcrgn, Ensign."*

The Frenuli fleet with the exception of the "Ga^po " and
the "Hermionc" nrrived at Newport Mitrch 2tUh. The
" Gii^po " WHS lost off Cape Charles, but her commander, the

'niKiicu tLxt.j IS i>Hi.Kii or uattlk.

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RHODE ISLAITD TS THE BEVOLCTION.

Chevalier de MBuIevrier, and all her crew were saved. The
" Hermione," after going to I^iladelphia, di-oppod anchor in
Newport hiirlwr, April 13th, and the next day eleven of her
crew were drowued by the sinking of a deeply-laden boat.

WASHINGTON AT NEWPORT.

ma BBTEPTION.-A ORANI) BALL-HE DANCES WlTn MTSS
CHAMfLlN.-ENrEBTAIXMKNTS.-OVATIOXS OS HIS RETl'RX
JOUBKEr.-KECEPriON TS PROVIDENCK.— FRENCH OPINIONS.

fHE etli day of Mareh, 1781, unusual excitement pre-
vailed in Kewjwrt. This was occasioned by the arri-
val of Geneml Washington, accompanied by two membora
of his staff, — Colonels ITtiniilton and Ilnmphrcys, — and
other distinguished officers. He set out from his headquais
lers at New Windsor March 2d, and occupied four days in
the journey. One object contemplated in this visit was to
consult with Generul Rochauibcau on military atl'iiirs ; and
another was, probably, to hasten the departure of the naval
expedition under M. Destouches, which sailed two days after
his arrival. He crossed over from the mainland, by Conani-
cut Ferry, in the Admiral's barge, and after paying his
respects to M. Destouches on board the "D\io do Bour-
gognc," where all the French Generals not absent from, the
army were assembled, he landed at long whurf, under a
Balute of cannon from the French fleet. At the whai-f, he
was received by the anny of the alUcs, drawn up in double
lines extending to Iho State House, and fi-oni thence to the
headquiirtora of General Rochambeau. lictween these lines
Washington M-alkeJ, with the French Comiuondcr-in-Cbief
on his left, followed by a procession composed of the subor-
dinate commanders. An eye witness* thus describes the
acene :

■ lIunDnble Uimld Updike.

OUB FRENCH AXLIES.

363

•' I never fclt the solid enrth trtrmblc oiider me before. The firing from
th« French sliips that Uocd the hurbor v^as trcmcndouH ; It witi one con-
tinued roar, ami louked as thongli ttie very bay was on Are. Washitigton.
as you know, wim n Marshal of Frnoct*: hti could not coniniand the
Krcncli army without being Inretttcd witb that title. Uq won on this
day the luslgnlit of M» oHlcc, »ni1 wnx received with all ihu honors dae to
one Id that capacity. It Is known that matiy of llio flower of the
French nobility were nombert'd In the nrmy thnt octecl In nnr deftiice.
Never will that scene be crn&ed from my memory. The altitudt* of the
noblea, their dccii obelDiince, tbo lifViniC; oT baUi and rap*, the waving or
st^indiirds, the sea of plumes, the lonj; lloe of French Mildlera, nnd tht?
Kcneral dlsiiio^Rloti of ilii'lr amid, tin ii|iia to U!i, srpftrntluK to the ri^ht
and lull, the Chief, with CotLnt KoehAmbeau on hiii k-rt, unbonnetcd,
walked through. The French nobles, commandera, and their under olB-
cem. fbllowcd in the rear. C'otint Rochnmbeau vrsin n small, kri-n-lwikln]^
roan, not hnodiiome a.* wng bis son, afterwards Oovernor of Martinique.
A Prussian Buron aud u I'ollfih Count, ofnccrs of liish slandlos in the
irniy, walked next. But the resplendent benuty of the two Vlumetjiilt»
eclipsed all the rest. They w<yc brothers, nnd one of them m General In
theftrmy, who bore tht: llUe of Count, loo. Newport never saw ony thing
so handsome OS theve twn brother)). 1 thon^ht, ax the bn>ezc lifted the
sblning curls from the fair forehead of the vhlcr Vionie-ntiil, mid discov-
ered tiie sparkllUR eyes, and bloomlnt! elieeks, and wonderniily I1n«
month, that nothing could surpass hliSt but when I looked at bin brother,
I wsa puzzled to telt which was the handsomest. Both were of com-
miiniliii£ height snd well proportioned, ns wero very many of those who
■ccomponied them.

*' But we, tlic poptilaco, wcrs the only ones that looked at them, for the
eye of every Frenchman was directed to Wnshlnuton. Calm and unmoved
by all the honors ihuC surrouuded him, the voIt:e of adiitatiou or the din
of battle Itud never dhiturbed the equanimity of hlB dcpurliueDl. There
were other oillcers of Inferior grade too that followed, anil 1 afterwards
Mfr tliem on horseback, but they did not sit on a horse like Wnahington.
The rooft and windows of every hnnse in sight were micd with the ntlr
port of creation ; and oh ! the Haltering of bandkerchlent, nnd showing of
ftivors ! It was a proud day tor Newport.*"

The pmcosaion paused at the State House, after which
Washington was escorted to the headqnflrters of his distin-
guished host, whoso guest he continued to be while he
rcmaiTied in the town.

The presence of Washington in Xewport was the signal
for a succession of public and private festivities, and nothing
wns otuitted that could contribute to the pleasure of the ditn

864 nnoDB island ra tiik revoi-vtion.

tinguished guest. A review of the troops wna ordered, who
Appeared in new unifomiji, and made a brilliant display.
The line extended from "Townseud'H curner," or the corner
of Pelham street, in Newport, to "two mile corner," out of
town. Along this line rode M'asbington «n<l Roohambeau,
with their respective Htiiffci, gnitlHcd witli its cxnet soldierly
bearing.*

'■ In the c»fiiliig of llie rtjiy that \Vn.<)tiiiigton arrived, the town ami floec
In LhL- harbor wore beniiiiniHy illomlnuti-d. At tlmt tlioi- compnratlrclj
few were ahle to tnko pnrt in the joyftil ctrt^mony; but Ihut all tihould
»hnrc In tb* bouom ])al(l to *o dlelitiKuislirLl a vIt=Uor. tli« Town Conncll
ordered tlint caudles ahouUl he [>urcbn.'<M antl given lo all who wirrc loo
much distressed through continued losses, to purchase for themselven. »«
tbat every liouni; (tlioold show a Hgtit. The prorMiilon was led off by
llilrty boys, brtiring c.<(nd](r<) n«.?il im stiff*, fnlhiwixl by General Wash-
ington, Connt HmliJimhi'nii, and the- nltiur otilcprs, their iilda, ami th<;
proceftNioii of citizens. The nlftlit wns clear, and there was not a brralb
lo flin llic torches. The hrilllaui pruceselou marched thruURh the princi-
pal streets, and llieu rt'lumcd to the hcndfjunrtern. On reaching Ibo door,
Wwblugtou wattud on the atep tintll atl the onicor.« and iheir n-lends had
•ntircd the house; llien, turtilQg to the torcb-bearcra, he tlmnknl them for
their ntlentloi]. This was glory enoiigli for the yonng patriots.

"An anecdote Is related of Wafttdnglnii nt IhU time. A little boy had
heard so nincli of Washington that he conceived a strong desire lo i*oc
him. Hisnither, to gratlO' his wifh, lifted him tu bis arms and iipproacheil
an open window, near which Wasblngtou stood, whom he pointed oDt.
The child wiu amazctl, and cxclalinod aloud. ' Why, Either. GcncnU Wash-
ington In a man ; ' It rpftched the ear of the hero, who turned ronnd and
Hnid, (18 lie patted the boy on the head, 'Yes, my lad, and nothing but a
mnn."'t

The following morning, a coniniitlee of the town, consiat-
mg of Christopher Kllerv, A\'illiani Chnnning, Williiim Tag-
giirt uikI Sotonioi) l^oiithwick, wniled upon Washington, nnd
in behalf of tiie inhnhitanls, presented him with a congratu-
latory address. " Iliippily giiided," they eaid, " by the

* Tb^ imifuim of Iho Hattrioiinol* vrtu \>\aek anit ttiI, anit tlial at llw Jtegal Druz-lhidM
wliltr. Tlip Sriinlongt Wore wtiko bIkI sn-i-n. and lbs S:atiM"uat* irw dllliag«[*linj bj
tluAng* ill pink, (trenitdlvr tap* ornaiDMitrd wRb |>lak, and plumM. The arttUcrr won

Iihj*-. wlrti r«l fm-Jiiir*.
I .\iTii]iOTiIlliulnilc4, pp. 3tv3r.

Oim FRENCIT AT-t-rES.

365

Supreme Director of llie Aineiican CoimciU, Your Excel-
lency vras placed at the hcjic! of I he nrniios; our gratitude
is greatly due to Heaven for tho protection of Voiir Excd-
lency's pei'son IhroujrU «ll thoBc scones of danger and enter-
prise incident to war, and wbicb Your Excellency has
fiustained with pfltrintisni and fortitude uii para lie led in the
page of history." "Sutler us iiure, Sir," lliuy added in con-
clusion, " beciuiso we know it must jpve Your Exi'el!ency »
most sensible pleasure, to express the happiness this town
has enjoyed with the army and fleet of our illustrious ally,
who have, tiy the wisdom and pnidenco of their conimnnd-
«n}f 88 well OS their own most zonloim inclinations, allied
themselves to us, not as soldiers only, l)iil as friends and
citizens. Armed with a most righteous cause, — engaged
for all that men hold most dear,— what blessings may not
America, under the auspices of a kind and overruling
Providence, be led to expect from (lie future exertions of
Yoiir Excellency, tho military ^rdor of the .Vuierican troops,
and an array and fleet of a most generous and magnnninious
ally, thirsting for glory, and eager to bleed in tho cause of
liberty and rnankind."

To this address General Washington returned an appro-
priate answer, acknowledging, "with peculiar satisfaction,
the expressions of esteem and attachment that had mani-
fested themselves in the citizens of this ancient town."
"My hap]>ines8," he said, "is complete in the moment that
unites the expressions of their sentiments for me with their
sutfrages in favor of our allies. The conduct of the IVcnch
army and fleet, of which the inhabitants testify so grate-
ful and so aflTectionate a sense, at tlie same time that it
evinces the wisdom of the commanders and the discipline of
the troops, is a new proof of the magnanimity cif the nation.
It is a further demonstration of that generous zeal and cod-
cem for the happiness of America, which broiiglit them to
our assistance, a happy presage of future harmony— tt
pleasing evidence that an intercourse between the two

^

366

RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTIOy.

nations will more and m<ire cement the tmion by the solid
and lasting lies of mntnal offcction."

In (ho evening, a ball was given at Mrs. Cowley's Assem-
bly Kuuni, gracr<l with llio prpseiu'c of the most fashionable
fauiitica of the town and of many of the gny French otficcre.*
By request, M''nshinfrtoD ojKncd the ball. For a partner,
he selected Miss Margaret Champlin, nidinnt with the
charms of beauty and of culture. | Keqnesting her to select
the dance, she named "A successful cumpnij^," a popular
dance of the day. In this selection there was ii signific^nee
that delighted the French oflieei-s present. They saw in it
Misfl Clmmplin's success in fining, amidst an assemblage of
Iveautiful womeu, the first choice of the American Chief,
and with characteristic euthusiasm and gidlantry seized the
instruments of the musicians and played in their stead.
The sensation of the occasion did not pass aMny with the
hour. It made a permanent impression on Newport smji-
ety, and while n multitude of interesting incidents has
passed into oblivion, the story of the stntely minuet led ofl'
by Washington and Miss Champlin siimvos.

Among the social courtesies accorded to the General was
a tea party, given by Mr. Christopher Ellery, at which a
nuntber of French officers and proTainent citizens of New-
port was present. Mr. Kllery being then a widower, his
daughter, Miss Hetsey, a young woman of beauty and refine-
ment, presided at the table. She was sutlering from a
severe cold, and could 8c«rt«Iy speak above a whisper. The
General, noticing her condition, said to her that he was fre-
quently tmubled with a sore throiU, and applied a remedy
which he foiuid very benelicial. This he would recommend
to her, were he not sure she would decline to t^ke it. To

•"HrK.UarjCowItj'UTrdunChurcbatrMit, and tlKm kept m public hatl. In whlcliw«t«
h«til lliow ilvllgbirui eewruUUDniti lluii mere glTta ikirlni tin tine Ui« French wer* db
ttif UlftDil. w)i*n WuliliiBlMt ftnd lEix-luiinliMii. and ths jomg FkiwH oAmfti danoed
with ilir Jotrl/ glrla Nnd dMiw* of Nt-wjiort. Whni tho Drhlab trnv llwrp. tt mu eaUei
tttt • Crswii ivtltt Hmuv."'—"JiuUne<:t,'' (h Prorldne* Journal, ifarcA Q, 188V.

368

RHODE ISLAND IX THK REVOLt'TION.

sea. It has cured me often." The remedy was t4ikeiu and
a cure was effected. Miss Bet*ey Ellen.' became the wife of
Mr. Samuel Vernon, iin eminent nierclmiit of Newport.*
She died in her nntivc town a few days hcfnro the ninety-
third anniversary of her birth. She delighted in relating to
her children and grandchildren "the trials nf the patriotic
sons and daughters of N'ewpoil, who were exiles during the
Drilish occupation r>f the town."f

According to tradition, Mr. Mctejilf lioMier, a wealthy
Elflst India merchant, gave a select dinner party in honor of
the Cicnend. Amoiiir the quests M'ere General Koehambeau
and other French officers, the lion. William Kllcry, the
Kev. Samuel Hopkins, D. D., aod the Rev. Ezra Stilea,
D. I>. Mr. H<jwler hiiJ caused lo he prepared for the occa-
sion a doicen bottles of cider made from the sunny-side half
of mellow Rhode Island Greenings, which he labeled "Eden
Champagne." This, with two of the best brands of French
Champagne he placed before his gxiest?, i-eqiiesting their
opinion of the nient-s of each. The palm wsis accorded lo
the "Eden Champagne." When the fact came to be
revealed, that Ihe delicious bevemgc. which the French
gentlemen declared " could be no other llian the fabled
nectar of the gods," was simply Rhode Island Eden-green-
ing cider. Dr. Hopkins "was heard to remark, that he should
always henceforth liavc more charity for Mother Eve's
unfortunate slip !"J

In the war with France and Spain, from li.^Gto 17G3,Mr.
Bowler was actively engaged with the Malboncs, Wuntons

•Ante, pp. J2ir, 207.

rNcwporl (.'orrvKpouJcDt of rravldcnm Jounutl, XovcrabtY I, leD. The imndiMkttl.
nny tittilr — ■ nUc of iljr Uri'tiltitlon — at vrlilrli llie tHatlngiiUhMl cotrrtv Ml, WM fffr
iHiiiii»il by Sin. ;Hlli'iy> Vt>rnoii lo liir loD, Dr. Thomai Vamon, trbd lo tntn gare It lO Ma
■on, Mr. Jolin W. Vernon, IM prrirui oimcf.

tNFWtKirtMi.-iairy.Juiin2x.lh7V. Ur. Ilonli-T rrprrKnlnd .Vcitport In Ui« KliMlfr liluiil
Gonvrat AiiriDbtj, niid In i;<H wiu • rommlwlaiKir lo tho Congroii held iu Saw Vork.
lulTiShlwwu Judfs oftlir MiptTRiv Court, and ttlUrllio iwacr, ho Kmornil W fnnl-

OUE FBENCn ALLIES.

3fi9

and V'ornons in privateering. The " Vomon House,"* the
hcfldqu alters of Roehambeau and of Washington, ia under-
stood to liavti been biiill by liini. Bolides his town resi-
dent*, be owned one in Porlsiuotilli, which ho oeciipicd
during the summer months, and where he dti^pensed a
princely hospitality. His grounds were extensive, and were
beautified witli exotics from all purts of the world.

Waghingtoii ivumined in Newport until March 13tli, when,
having completed his business with General HQehnmbpau.hc
act out on his return to New Windsor. The town was early
jistir to lender parting respects, and from the French army,
drawn up in line, he received, ns he passed, the highest mil-
itary honors, including a salute of thirteen guns fmm the
artillery. General Kot-hnmboiui accompanied him ti short
distance out of the town.wljlle the American General Howe,
Count DunniH, ami other French ofGccrs of distinction,
attended him to Providence. Middletnwn, Portsmouth.
and the hamlets along the roiid turned out their populations
to gaze upon the noble form and features of one who, ciuhl
years later, became, by the uuMnJmous suiriage* of his coun-
trymen, the tiuprcme ruler of tlie nalion wliieli his patriotism
had ao largely aided in 08t:ihli.shing. It was to them a "red
letter day," and the memory of it, tlu-ongli after life, was
held as one of their most cherished recotlut'tions.

At Bristol, the Geuf^ral received an enthusiastic welcome,
A cavalcade of citizens met him at the ferry and escorted
him into the village, where be was further honored with a
salute of cannon. " When," sa}** the author of the ".Vnnnis
of Bristol," " he pussed Hradfoi'd str<!et, the inhatiitants, clad
in their best apparel, .stood upon cither siile of the street,
being divided according to their sv\, and tin he passed,
showed Iheir respect for him by strewing hifi palh with flow-
ers, evergreens, etc., accompanied with highest marks of
civility. When Washington reached the bridge, he turned

•Jt-Qic, II. zisi^

47

370

RnOPE ISI^ND IK THE KKVOLUTION.

to the inhabitants and fuldresgod them in a brief but ctu-
(jiiunL ttmnner, i-etiirning tlianks for the kindiiciuiimd civility
which had been shown him." According to the same writer,
the widow of the Uev. Joha Binl, pastor of tho CongregA-
tional church in Bristol from 1741 to 1775, wisliing to
impress upon tho oiiuds of the pupils of her school the
orcnt hero described} i-cquired them to commit to memory
the following linea :

"In Kveuleen hundred and eiglily-OD«,
I 8«iT GcDi-nil WiwUliigtop."

Slowly the dititinguished party pursued its wny, recoiving
nt Warren and along the entire route grstifying cxpreRsiona
of respect. It was night bofoi-c the Cieiieral reached Provi-
dence. Hero ho found the entire population assembled to
greet him. He was met at the lower feny by a number of the
leading citizens of the town, and was escorted to the houso
of the Hon. Jabez Bowen. Children partook of the spirit
of the occasion. Crowds of them, bearing toi-ches, g:ithere<l
around htm, reiterating the acclamations of the citizens.
All were eager to approach htm, and so close was the pi-ess,
that for a tinto hia advance was impeded. The General ivas
much afToeted by this enthu.siastic demonstration of regard,
iiud, turning to Count Dumas, who rode by his side, lie said,
with strong emotion, " We ma^ be bentcTi bv llie English ;
it is the chance of war ; but here is an army they can never
conquer." A aalnto of thirteen guns was fired by the {mrk
of continental iirtillery and by the shipping in the harlwr.
During the evening the town was brilliantly illimiiaated.

On the day following the (ionorarK arrival, a compIimcTi-
tiiry dinner was given him at the State Ilouae, which was
attended by hini, by his military conipaiuons, and by other
distinguished guests. Thirteen toasts were drunk under the
discharge of cannon. In the coni-se of the day an address,
signed by Kx-(iovernor Nicholas Cooke, Deputy-<iovemor
Jabez Dowen, John. Innis Clarke, Jonathan Arnold, Nichthj

— — OCR FRKXCn ALLIES.

las Ilrnwn nnd John Rpown, was prosontcd to tho General in
liehair of the citizens of the town, expressive of iheir sonBc
of his ^Tiiat Diilitjiry abilities, hiu uiujiitiitlionaMc patriotistn,
and the [lorfcct confidence reposed in him by & free people.
"We beg leave to assui-e Your Excellency," lliey said, ''that
we M'ill nmnifest our attnchincnt to Your Kxccllency. and the
jrreal cnnsc in which wo are eng^agod, hy cxprting our utmost
aliilities it) e[ilistin<r and supporting nuch a force, as, with
the aid of our generous allied, will lie sufficient la bring the
WHT to a h»ppy is8U6."

In reply, the General said, "Tani happy in the opportu-
nity which your address atlbrds nie, of testifying to you
how deeply I am penetrated with those demonstrations of
attnchment which 1 have experienced from the inhabitants of
thi« town. Conscious," he added, "of a sincere desire to
promote that great object, (the securing of [>eace,) however
short of my wishes the success of my endeavors may fall, I
console myself with a persuasion that the goodness of roy
intentions in some nieajiurc justifies your approbation. Tho
determination you are pleaded to express, of making every
eflbi-t for giving vigor to our military operations, is conso-
nflnt with llio spirit that has uniformly actuated this State.
It is by this dispo»ition nlono, we can hope, under the pro-
t«ction of heaven, to secure the important blessings for
which we contend."

The festivities of the day were closed with a splendid mil-
itary ball, (probably at " Hacker's llull," *) which was hon-
ored by tho presence of Washington, bis stuff, (icncral
Howe, Count Dumas and other prominent personages.
Early tlic next moniing, General WiLshlnglon and bis suite
continued their return journey. They were escorted a few
miles from the town Iiy General Howe, and a cavalcnde com-
posed of military and civilian gentlemen. Tho stay of
Washington in Pi-ovidence, though short, was a season of

■Aki», p. 239.

372

RHODE ISL-OTD IN THE REVOLUTION.

iiniistml pleasure to the people of the town, who were
delighted with tlie opportunity to sh*>vr him honor. To
their eminent fzncst it wa-s nn Ich^ iirrrceable, iis tlie demon-
8tratluns of the three dnys uiiide ck'ar ii gjalifying nttauh-
metit to his person, and gave asaomnce that the fire of putn-
oti^Di woB still burning H8 brightly here an when tUc jMitriots
of Providence were called to the field by the rattle of mus-
ketry at Lexington and Concord and by the booming of
cannon itt Hunker's Hill.

The impression made by Wabliintjlon upon the French
ollit-ers appeal's to have been iinifnriuly fiivoniblu. AH were
stmck with his towering stature, his dignified manners, his
ulltiblc conversntion, Ills eonrtcotis attentions to giicste, thnt
pluct'd them at ease in his presence, and with his wisdom,
prudence and piitriotic devotion as a military commander.
Siiys Count Dnmas, who met him Hrst at Newport: "Hie
dignified addrc*'*, his simplicity of ninnners and mild gravity
surpassed our expectation, ami non every heart."

"His physiognomy," says Commisanry Bhmchnrd, "has
something gravo and serious, but it is never stern, and, on
tlie contrary, bectimeH softened ]>y the most gnicious and
amiable amile^. He is albilile, and i-onverses witJi his ntfiecrs
familiarly und gayly."

Tlio Prinee <!« Hro;^lie, who had eai-cfully studied the
chanurtoii sties nf the gi-cat chief, is eqnally empbatic : "In
his private conduct he preserves that polite and attentive
good breeding whieli satisfiea everybody nnd otTends no one.
He is a foe to ostentation and to vain-glory."

TIio Ahir^piis do Chjistclliix, In the exuberance of hia
adndrntion, exclaims: "The continent of North America,
from Boston to Charleston, is a gi*eat volume, every page of

which presents tiis etilogium It is not my

intention to exaggentte. I wish only lo express the impres-
sion General Washington has left on ray mind. Brave with-
out temerity, laborious without ambition, generous witlmiit
pi-odigality, noble without pride, virtuous wittiout severity,

OUE FRENCH ALLIES.

378

he seems nlwnyft to huve contined himself within those lim-
its, where the virtues, Ity eltithiii;^ themselves in more lively
hut more changeable untl doulnfiil colors, may be iiiistiikeii

lor {units It win he sjiid of him, at the f-nd of

a long: civil war, he hiid nothing with which he could reproach
him.«lf."

WAS WASHINGTON A MARSHAL OF FRANCE?

tS of lute yciu-8 has heou ii d«Li«t»'d question. Krom
the year 1780 until the "Life nnd Wi-ilinga of Wash-
ington," by Jtircd Sparks, were jHibht^hetl, it ajipoars to
have been the universal undorstan<liniEj that (he great leader
of the American armies held the posilion of a Marshal of
Franco. Stedomn, in his " History of the War in America,"
who served in the British army under Gcnernls Howe and
Clinton, and «"ho had large opportunities for ohttiininj^
infortuiifion, give* him this (;luiracler. (iordnn, in his "His-
tory of the American Revolution,"* says, "That propriety
might exist in referent^e to i\w inlendi>d aid fn)m France,
when arrived, General Washington ha.s been ap|iointed
Lieutenant-Cieneral of His Most Christian Majesty's troops
in America, and Vice Admiral of the White Flag." llarnes'
"Centenary History "t says, when Lafayette retumcd, to
America from Fnuicc, "he lirouglit the t!ommaruler-in-Chief
A commiitsion as Tjieutenant-Gcneral of the army of France,
and Vice Admiral of its navy." When, iil a dinner party
given by Captain I)e la louche, on bojird the "Hcrmione,"
in Boston harbor, in April, 1780, the name of W.-tshington
was toasted, a salute of seventeen cannons was lired, "the

•Voi. ui.. p. aa

t i'a«r xa.

374

ICnOOE ISLAND IN TIfE BEVOLUTION.

Bumber," says tho acooimt, "givon to n Marshal of Fninue."
At Newport, "in consequence of orders received from the
Court of Fmnc<s" Wushing'ton "receivo<l all the honors
ever paid to tho Princes Koyal or si Marshal of France,
greater than which cAn bo rendered only to the King;"*
HnJ Count Deus-Ponts, in reference to the same occjwion,
says, " Gi'iicnd \V;L-thinnrton ariived nt Newporl, Jiiid was
received with all the lionoi-s duo to u Mai-ebal of France." t

Geoi"ge Wusliingtun Ciistia, the adopted son of Washing-
ton, says lie was a i^Iurshal of Fmnce ; tbat the apiwint-
ment was procured hy Colonel Laurens when he went to
Paris as a spooinl iimlnbisador, and that a friend of his
(Ciistis) had Iietii-d him so spoken of at the siege of York-
town. Mr. CiiHtis ftn-llicr Hayn : "In regard to Washington
as a Marshal of France, I have in this house 'proof strong
a» holy writ,' in an engraving of Najiier of Merchistown, the
celebrated inventor of the Lognritlitiis, which was presented
to M'fl>=hitigton liy the Ewrl of Buch»n, si relative of the pbi-
losoi)lier, with the indorsement in the liand-wriling of the
Karl : *To Marshal General Washington, with the respects
of Buchnn.' Now Riiclian lived in tho age of the Uevolu-
tion, and was tho associate of eonrts, and certainly would
not havo addressed to one he »o loved and admired, as he
did to tho Chief, a title to which the Chief had no claim.
Lord Xapicr on a visit to the Arlington House, was greatly
gratified by a sight of a rcmintsconce of his ancestoi-s
among the relics of Washington." Mr. Custis then goes on
to describe tlie origin of the title :

■'Tho history of the IJtlo. 'A Marslial of France,' Is simply iIjIs; Itt
1781, irhen rolonel iJinrcnn W€iit in Prnnco as imperial smtiawiiidor, a dlf-
flculty Arose bctwcco lilm mid the French Minister as to tliii> commiinri of
the combined, amikfl lit Aiiierlcii. Our heroic Ijiurena saicl : 'Our chief
raiist commaud; II is qht cause, snii th« bsltl« Is on our aoU.' ' CTrat
{mpomSl^ct' exclaimed the FreDchwaa, "by the etlqaetUt of the Fretich

■ rrovltlMiw (iurrtr, UkTOh t7, IW.

t - Hj Vtmpalgn*, p. U>U

OUR FRENCH ALU KB.

375

service, Lhc Couut rle Koehamlieau being an old I.lcutenanl-GvneHl. can
only be oomntancleiil by the King In p«r«on, or n .Vnrr-jtcJinl df Frtmet,'
' Then.' pxrInlmiHt Lniiretis. ■ make our Wjutliinfrton n M'irr*rh.il -U Franee,'
II >vii« lioiic. A ftitnil of inltie tieanl \VH!>liiii;;l(iii hpokiii of n» Mon^^ttr
te MtirrMrJi'it uC Uiu »l»j;(^ <»f Vorktowii. Uiir LKelwvcd \Va»liliiii;(r>U never
cureLcd or duslrvd rank or tUlo; but Lt Is beyond a donbt tbiit. From Lhe
tbrco of cLrcuiQstaiices Juat related, tlie rank and tiat- of Mtinxhat de
Francf wu8 courumid upon tbn QoncraUlu-Cblor of tlic uouiblnwl armies
'of America and Franre."

A writer in tlio "Historical Magnzino'** points out an error
in the stalcment of Mr. Ciistis by the fact that ('olonel Lau-
rens did not sail for Fmnee until the i:iUi of February,
1781, whrrr'as RochjiniUoau arrived in Hhode Island on the
10th or lath of Jnl.v. 17«0. "Slill," bu adds, " his commu-
nieation atlbrthj evidence, similar to much tuiiiid eUewhero,
that the belief was very general nt the time, among well
informed [jci-sonii, that Washington did reeeive some mili-
tary upjiointaicnt from the Frcneh Court : which belief the
fact of his commanding' liocbamboau, does not i^ccm suffi-
ciently to i!xiihiin away as a» error. And Gordon, whose
activity and perseverance in gnthcving and storing up the
facts of the KevoUition, as thoy occurred, render him invalu-
able contcmporur}' authority, enters thia as an undisputed
fact under iti* date, and after a lapae of eight years afibrdal
htm for rnvii^al,and during the life-time of all the prominent
nctore in it, lie deliberately prints it, withont gainsay- from
them."

According to (he statement of "an eye witne86"t Wash-
ington, at his militaiy reception in Nowi>ort, wore the insig-
nia of a Marshal of France. Mugs, pitchers and howls of
Re\'olulionary date, bearing the cHigy of Washington stand-
ing or on horseback, with liio legend beneath, "George
Washitigton, Ksq., Genenil-in-C'hief of the ('tiilcd Slates
army, and Marshal of France," were common and are still
occasionally to be seen. These comuieuiorate^l a i<up|>ost!d
fiict. It seems extraordinary that the French allies, wiUi-

*V«). UUp. U7, IBM,

tADW, p. 303.

.^76

RnonE IR1.AN]} IN THE REVOLUTION.

out authority, ebould bestow ujioii Waebington honors which
only n Mnrtihal of Fmnrc c^nhl clHim ; iind It is scarcely
less II cansp fin- ivonder thnt he shouhl have acoeptod the
honors, und on public oucusiuns Imvc M'orn tlie insignia of uu
iinbestowed office.

In refutation of the statements made by Gordon, Stedmnn
and others, two fatts are rejit-d upon. Fii-st. tbiit Mr. Sparks
did nut find among AVsisIiingtnii's piipers u commii^ion or
other official document showing tliiit the French King had
cunferred upon tdm the oflicu here being considered ; and
Beeond, AVashington'jj letter addressed to Mr. Lemnnt, in
1785, throe years after Kochumbeau's army left the counlrj'.
Mr. Ijcmont ha<l <ledic4i1cd to him u vohime of poems. In
thHt dedication he ntyled him a Mnrehal of France. Wash-
ingtuii, in acknowledging the courtosy, said, "I am not a
Marshal of Francp, nor do I hold any eDuimission or fill any
office under that government." This, at llie time, wastnie,
and there may have been political, as well as other reasons,
for making this rliselaimer; but it does not necessarily mili-
tate against the common belief of tlic day. It would seem
from the statement of fiwrdun, in regiird tti tlie iitKces of
Mar&hnl and Admiral, "that these appointment.'?, if received
by Washington, were, so far as the French government was
concerned, pui-ely titles of eoiirt«sy, conferred for the pur-
pose of satisfying the laws of military etiquette and military
precedence, then most imperious at the Couit of Fmnce.
The rank and powers which the}* im])licd, though only nom-
inal, were also apparently limited in their application to the
French forces in America. In this case, tlie mere departiiro
of those forees, after the war was over, would put an end to
thorn without further act. This view of (he question in
tinlia consistent with Washington's assertion in the letter of
178j, that he then held no commission under the French
government. It also, perhaps, accounts for the fact that no
record of such commission, if previousl}' held, can be found

OUR PRENCH ALLIES.

377

in the archhes of Fninee." • In rcgjird to thti part ascrilicd
to Lafayette in the mutter, " might he not have procured for
Washin^'Ion the lille uf Miirvhal, ur llioso of Lientenaiit-
(ieiK-nil iiiui Adminil, jtrovt'itiounUt/, lo be pnmmlgiitol and
u»ed only in case of necessity ? Ko such necessity, it is well
known, ever occurred. It is possible that the uiipnblisbed
manuscripts, stiil iu possession of his fiimily, might furnish
the nnsM-er to this qHe3lton."t

Thiit Mr. Sparks did not fuid among Wa^hiugtons papers
evidenre of his linving been commissioned a Mnrwhnl of
France, is at most a negiilivo testimony against the belief
that fur uioro than seventy years jiruvitiled umjueetiuned.
In cxiimining this subject, two facts appear. First, that
Wiishington could not. without viobiting a law of Fnmce.
have subordinated Kocjiiunbcau to his command, nidcss in
some way milUorized so lo do. Second, that Wasliington
did commniid both llio .\nicricran nnd the Frnnrh troops,
and that IJofhnmheau never undertook im enterprise with
his forces witliont iho approval of the former. From whence
did this 8nj>erior 'authority comoV By whom and how was
it c<mferi'cd? By reference to the instructions of Ijouis
X.V1. to liochimibeau, thiit (lencral was always, and in all
cases, "lo be under the command of Ooncnd Washington ;"
that "all projects and plans for the campaign or private
expeditions should be decided by the American General ;
that the French troops l>cing only auxiliaries, should, iis was
done in Germany, in the campaign of 17^7, yield prece-
dence and the right to the AnK-ricnn troops; that " in con-
sequence of the above aiticle, the American ofiicera with
equal rank and the same date of commissions, shall have tho
command, and in all cases the American troops shall talcc
tho right. In alt aiilllary acts and capitulations, the Ameri-
can General and troops sluill be reckoned first, and will sign
first, flshns always been the custom, and in accordance with

• UbI. Ua(., ai., April. IHW, p. ISO.

t/Mtf.».i2r.

378

RHODE ISLAND IK THE BEVOI-UTION.

the principles laid down with rcgnrd to nuxilinry tmopa;'
and tiiinlly, that "it is His Sfiyesty'a exfiectiitifm nrid ver>'
positive order to Count de lioctiAinbeaii, thrtt ho will sefi to
the oxuct und litem) execution of the above lour urtlclcH."
Tho reservation in liehnlf of the French troops was that they
should not l)e dispersed, but "collected together id one
corps." and "act in one body under French (lenemls." The
nnlers of the Kin<; were com mun lent cd by Kochnmbeiiu to
Wfl8hingt<?n, nnd he writes, "We are now, sir, under yonr
(ronimand." •

Tho (tfficial information thus communicated to Washing-
tun, iiIlbon<rh not a comini<«»^ion in the usual form, was a
practical equivalent, and may explain why, at Newport, he
wore the iuai^nia of n Marshal of France, and why he wns
recognized by tiio Fitinch officers find eoldioi-s as the Gener-
aiisaimo of the two armies. But on this subject tho reader
will fonii his awn conclusions, unbiased by the opinions of
the author.

BOUNTY JUMPERS.

A WANT StTPPUED— MnNEY ANO TROOPS ABttlVE FHOM
FUANrE. — NOTICES OF COLONEI- BOCllAMBEAU AND M.
Dk BABRAS.

[OUNTY" jumpinfT «its practised with success during the
Revolution, nnd the French officers were often made
victims of tho sharp practice. Nfen would enlist into the
French aruiy, obtiiin clothing and ndvancc pay* Kiil then
desert, and enlist again in the continental service. When
cflnght, they, escaped under a clause of the constitution

■Anlr.|>p.3U-llfi.

OUR FRBKCH ALI.IK8.

379

wbii-li forbiidc .soldiers serving in any other bntfalions tbac
thoir own, unless Ibo State to which they belonged had com-
pleted its full quota. Tim the "junipers" were eai-efiil to
iiseertaii) before cnlisting^. lu February, 17^1, the Cheva-
lier Dii Uoiichct, " Deputy- r\ /tt 4 S
Adjulant-Goueral of the ^,^W^^«7^<^^/
Army of IIIa Most Cbristinn

Mdjesl^'," liaving represented to the General Assembly thai
ceiluin duserlcr» hnit enlisted into thit^ Stale's continental
luttalions, Chri.st<i[tber EHery and William Tii*rgart, Ksqs.,
were nppoinletl ti committee to wuit upon ibe Chevalier and
inform hint ihal the men mentioned in his cduinnmieation
were Americans, and for the rcassons jiist mentioned could
not be i-otnrnod. But willing to "do everything to con-
tribnte to the scrviee of Hiw Most Chi-istian Miijettiy and his
army," the Chevulier was assured that the persons who
engaged the aforesaid soldiers for the continental ser^'ice
should lmniedintely pay back the balance due for money
advanced, clothing, or other things received by the said
descrtei-s.

Hut while the State was careful to prevent imiKJsitions of
this chanuter, the olhcers of the allien were not always as
fortunate, when in the hands of anny officials, with whom
they had financial tmn.«actinn9. One of them, in settling
with a continental commissary, braugbt a bag of gold, and
bavjag cotuiled <iut most of it in payment of an exorbitant
bill, said with a slight tone of displeasure : " You mny a«
well take do whole. Voti shargo for de handle of de bruom ;
don you shai-ge f<ir de bru^h ; den you shurgc for de twine
dat ties it ; and deu, by gar, you itbarge for de broom ! "

A WANT gUTPLIRD.

In April, 1781, Count Dumas having solicited needed
quarters in Providence for the officers and lliu aruiy of Hi»
Most Christian Majesly, Captain Paul Allen, Colonel Wil-

380 BHODE ISLAKO IN TOK REVOLUTION.

liftm Wall niid Edwaitl Tburl>cr, Eaqs.; were nppointed ft
committofi " immcdintoly (o pnicure such rooms aa sbuU bo
requUitf' for iho snid offioors, and that the «iid commitleo
Rgrce to pny (u thu owners uf the rooni» »ui*h rent therefor
HS liuid committee shall judge rensiinnhle, to [>e |mid out of
the town treasury ; and in case that it shall he necessary,
Ihnt the said committee be empowered to n.«si^ the neces-
sary qnurters notwithstanding llicy cannot ugriic with the
owners.

"Anil HS Major T>iimns hath also requested that the upper
pan of ike Market House, and such piut of the lower room
thereof as can lie spared, niiiy be a)ipropriiited for fatoring
the hngj»an;«> of the snid aimy, it is resolved, that one-lmlf
of ibo iliirkct House Building, now improved for the innr-
kot, MJth all the upper part lber*.-of, he apprupi-i:iti-d as
aforesaid, to be divided off by a partition in such place as
shall Ijc <Iirected by Mr. Eleazcr Harding, James Lovot and
Welcome Arnold, Esqs.**

UONEV AND TROOPS IRRIVR FROM FRANCE.

It was agreed at the conference at Elartford that Colonel
Rochambcaii, son of the General, should carry the rei^uUa
thereof to the Alinistcrs at Pari«, and also like ivqiiisilions
for men, ships and money. Tlie hitter was particularly
important, as the necessary means for liquidating tlie
advances due to the soldiei's could be obtained only by
onciY>us loans.* Colonel liochumbcau comuiilted the con-
tents of the despatrhcH to memury, so thai he might i-epcat
them verbally to the Jlinisteis, in case hu should be eap-
tiii-cd hyKhglisb cruisers, and Ih> sent home on [wirole ; design-
ing in the former event to throw them ovcrlroard. M. dc La
Pirousc was charged with all the despatches of Admirul Do

•JoM-pti Mtirtc, VlMimlc^r Rochnnitimiu. AldrHtr-ranip to tiUlklhvr. atnl Cvluiirl of*
tT|;[n)riii, n ■(• an nlB«« of nipcrlor nml(. He M-rvml In llip WmI Imlk'*, lul:r< ^>-
tViiiInC", nr'-l i'|.r«lii'r\'. llr WM mftde aGi-iHTal.anil Wai kUlrd at lUc IhiiiIt at l^lfakt
'MMber m, lhi.% AgMl tiHtf-llircc jtart.

^

k

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

381

Ternny, anJ with conveying id bis frignlo C'ohinel Rocham-
b«ati to Frunce. TbU At>l« officer took hie departure from
Newport on lUo 28th of Ootolicr, in a violent pule, which
Bcnttercd Ihc English hloc-kttding squndron. lie jMisscd
through thiti, nueoiupunicd \>y two fiigutcs bound on a mission
to UoHlon. The vessels were discovered, and were closely
pursued l>y the enemy's cruisers. Tl»e frigntp of T^a Pt^rouse
was dif-niuiiled, but furtiiniifely she hud nlrcudy so fur out-
reached her pursuers, thnt the chase was ubamloned.

On the Otb of May, 1781. Col-
onel Um-haniheau arrivetl in Boston
on hi** return vnynge from France,
in the frigjite " Concorde," accom-
panied by M. dn Harms, who cnme to
aaeunie the coniumnd of Ibc French
squadron, made vacant by the death
of Adniind l>t> Ternny.* They
brou;^ht tlie intclhgence thalu pow-
erful fleet had saihul from Itrcst,
under Count do Grn^se, a. part of
which was destined to re-enforce «-

the French naval annttmcnt in the ^ tcfg dC^

West Indiea, and the residue to go

to tlui C:ipo of Good Hope. After gottinfj^ to the south of
the A7.4ire!<, dc Ornsac \vn<t to detach i«ix hundred troops
under the convoy of the "SagitlMire," to join the forces in
Americji, twing tho only succor in men that could then be
sent. The pr*'soncc of a numerous Knglifih fleet off Brest
had prevented tlio sailing, during the )>rccuding year, of the
Becond division of the nriuy, as was originally contcmplHtcd;
and the King, to make good the loss of such a va1uabl«

■ l.«ulf, CODiil M Uarm* hiilol LinrrDtwna Lorn In rrovrncr. BOd %»vt^ wlili (lUllncllvn
In IIh- Trrnrh tiiivr, Mr wu< ■ (nxrllriilnr Arlniil iif l>n- Ctliint Il'KilBtn};. and cnnimnndnl
hi* «■■■ Ka'f'i wIm-u \w i>itli>r*il Ni'Hpon IwrlMr. H" wm Ihtii iiboul ilxly yttiT* td ijt*.
Aair r^iptpWIni «(rh Cniitit dc (iruiW', At ilic sUji* or Vorklowu, lie tnok part in wi
ntfK|^-ini-iil nttb Ailiiilnl ■■•■oil. n-tii»«' flivl iini-liiin-il iiiirlvr (lip uvu* of 81. C1t>lt(nph«ir,
Juuari '.'ft, Mfi. Oil Hid rmiKBuUatlun gf Itic ii»>7, la Uw mmw j ear, be wu onwlc
riMAtolnl. tiedkditwiUIKB.

382

KUODE I8I.AXD IN THE REVOLUTION.

auxilinry, and to lessen tlio disHppointuaent occitsioned by
JU aoii-iirriviil, had ossi^od six millions of tivustirc, to be
devolfd lo tho needs of the Ameriean army. For Iho
gr««ter aocui'ity of trausmisBiou, tUe money eont over was
divided ht'tweeri the "SagitUiiro" and the "('oncorde."

From ft financiiil stand-point, the "six millionii of trea»-
iire," — in rei.1cral current-y $1,200,(H.I0, — must have been to
Washington a gloiiin of light breaking tJie cloud that had
but recently enveloped bim, while the six hnndrod troops,
tlioiigli a pour substitute for the six tUoiisiind Ion;; proiuiaed
nnd cxpeclLut, were a welcome addition to the strength of
the allies. la surveying the prospect before hini, however,
he felt the necessity of urging upon the States a speedy
augment lit ton of his forces, and of earnestly snllciling the
influence of the Freridi Mini»lor. M. do Luzerne, in secur-
ing the close co-oporation of the licet of Count do Grasse,
then serving in the West Indies.

DEATH OF rOlONEl CTIRISTOPItER tIREKNE.

-Uj'lIE i:ith day of May, 1781, sent arrows of tiorrow to
^h nitniy hearts in Rhode Island. On the night of that
day, Cctlonel Christopher Greene, who, with his Imtlalion,
had lieeu withdrawn fn)m Newport, nnd placed on duty near
Crotun liridge, New York, wna barbarously murdered by an
assnuliiiig pai-ty, under Colonel Delancey, numbering over
two Innidred men. The attack was a surprise, (-oloncl
Greene was overpowered and eiit down in his quarter* by
a band of assailants, several of whom fell beneath hie
defensive sword. HJa left arm was cnt oif, bin right aim
waa wounded to the bone in tivo wide gashes, his loft shoul-
der was terribly mulilaled, bis slomaeh waa pierced by a

01;B FRENCH AIASKB.

383

sword, bi8 right side was shockingly lacerated hy a bayo-
net, nnd bi^ head v/aa hndly mangled. Id tbi:i condition be
was drugged to n wood ahoiit a mile distanl, nnd thui-o left.
Major i'^Iiigg, his next in cornuiaod, was uUo bi-ntnlly
killed, and Imib were Irnried in the itbiirch-ynrd at Cruiu-
pond.

CoIohpI Chiistopher Greene was a son of the Honorable
l*bilip (.ireone, a Judge of the Superior t'enirt of Khode
Island, and was l>om in Ibat part of Warwick called Occu-
passutlouxet. His natuntl endowmpnls wore of a sujjcrior
ordor, nnd his mental powers wei-c improved by ethieation
and relined Kocial intercmirsc. At an enrly age. be was
elected to represent bis native town in the State legislature.
When the rights of the Colonies were Invaded, he took a
hold stand against the King and the Parliament. After the
"Kentish (Juai-df;" were organized, in 1774, he was ebosen
Lientenant. In May, 1775, he was appointed Major in the
army created for the defence of the State. He marched to
Cambridge, anrl was made IJotitenant-C'oIonol of the first
luittalion foniied for Arnold's expedition against Quebec.
Ho underwent all the fatigues ami privations of the extraor-
dinary niarrh thi-ough the wiklernoss of Maine and that of
Canada ; bore a conspicuous part in the unsucccssfid assault
upon tjuobee, and after three hours of bard tighting was
compelled to surrender. For eighteen months he experi-
enced the discoiuforts of prison life, an<i after being
cxclianged, in 177Zi received a commission of ('olonel.
He fought with great braveiy and success at Red Hank,
where Count Donop, the ennmiandcr of twelve bimdred
Hessian assailants, was mortally wounded and taken pris-
oner. In this tierce and desperate tight, the Hessians wore
driven back and defeated, with heavy loss. Colonel Greene
caused t'ount Donop to be buried with all the honors of war.
The late Dr. Peter Turner, of Newport, who was in this
battle, used (o narrate the efTccl that this act of courtesy
had upon the surgeon of the German brigade. He was a

384

nnODB ISLAND IS THE REVOLUTION.

Frciichmuii, and as he beheld tho American troops follow-
in*;' the car|>se of hie beloved cotnmjinder, and depositing it
with every lunnifet'tutinn of rettpeii in
Iho ^ive, he sprung up, ond slrikin^^ his
feet together, exclaimed, with the vivao-
itj- of bis countrymen, " He Gnr, if dey
bur}' me ho, I die dis moment."*

From i~4iy to ITWl, Colonel Greene's
military scrviccii wore confined to Khodc
Island. How henrtily he entered into
the plans of Gcncni] Sullivan, and how
nohly he led his colored hattnlion in the
cunipHipi on Rhode Island, preceding
pitjrcs show.f liis deiilh wan an occa-
sion of deep sorrow to Wfishington and
to Hnchanibeaii, both of whom apprevi-
Dted his worth ns n man, and na ti skill-
ful, nicritorioiis officer.

For hits jjallnnt defence of Fort Slercer.
at Red Hank, ('ongroas voted him an ele-
gant sword. The Colonel did not live to
receive it, and it was foruanled to Job
Greene, Ksiq., the son and Icgiil reprc-

> Kmii C«. AllM. It. I. IIIM. S«e. Coll., vL, M.

t III r*TfntMf to llir falnivllctii oT lli^ lAnrtt taHatei fn Cul*
oacl <iii<i'iii-'ii ballBllon, (^iitr, jt. fiiT.] (kiTrmor Ormtn
wrlin 10 Hl'^'i^r*. Harrlmiil anil CQllln»: "I riickiir rou Ike
crrlilitatpurunc <it r1i<- miiiii>lltr,< whu vnli)r4 llir alnvi-ii Ihiil
rivw bi-liMiK lo Cnloufl GriM-iir't ii>|(ltiiciil. n*tlhrt of whlrii
arr tiriiMl Bt more lliau tlOO, s txiDtldtralloD b; no mtwiu
■dopiBlr to llic bpncUl 1I117 Hnr Ii> Ilii^ I'u)|p<l ^iBlr*. a* tkqf
/irt ginitl tPtdier*. auiJ i^rvu iliirliig llii' <*iir, witliu'til Biiy uthtr
allowsucri than whBt jn psid tlirni t>y the unlinrnl, when
Ihp utlirri. doliifl (lie (Bmc ilul.v wllli llirln, arc >l|i-M«l wlial
UCflllrd iUbcUlcDM tnoUFf, llic uniuuol oT wlikli \m* been
■nun- In one yi-iir lliao rllbrr of Ihrni were lalucd Bl. Ai
Coiift^m* lia* i*coiBEnf>adBi[ lo lli> *oii limn Statu lontb* B
numbtr of bladu In Uic Mtn* war, n>r irtitob (ti« «WMn of
Ihf-in wrr* Id iMsllanol 91,000, Ibvrv »iit<rar* 1 1> br> lh« M«p
n-Muii ttiBI tliQ Qitnvn of ihoav nStA In ilila .Stalt> ilioulil ba
•Hotrcd llM *na» Brtct.'-R. I. JVW. CW/., rt., p. »«.

^

OUR FRENCH AIXIE8. 385

sentative of the deceased. It ia now in the possession of
one of the grandchildren of Colonel Greene, Simon Henry
Greene, Esq., of River Point, K. I. Its sheath is of rattle-
snake skin, the blade a polished rapier, and its principal
decorations are of silver and gold. By kind permission, an
engraved copy of the sword is here presented.

At the time of his death. Colonel Greene had entered
upon his forty-fifth year.* In 1758, he married Miss Anne
Lippitt, a daughter of Mr. Jeremiah Lippitt, of Warwick.
He left three sons and four daughters. His height was
about five tx-et ten inches. His round, capacious cheat,
upright form and muscular limbs indicated the enjoyment of
perfect phvfiical vigor. A portrait of him, copied from an
original owned by Simon Henry Greene, Esq., was pre-
sented by that gentleman to Brown Uuivei-sity, and may be
seen in its attractive gallery of eminent Rhode Island men.

Colonel Greene died at an age when his military experi-
ence, maturity of judgment, and energy of character gave
pmmise of rapid promotion. Had he lived to the close of
the war, his lank, probably, would have been second only
to that of his distinguished kinsman, Gcnenil Nathanael
Greene. I

•He was born May 12, 1737.
fThc author. In Vol. vi, R. I Hlat. Soc. CoU.

4U

386

RHODE ISLAND IN TU£ REVOLUTION.

ARRIVAL OF M. I)K BARRAS AT NEWPORT.

COMMUNICATKS WITH \VASHIN«TON.-HIS REPLY.— CONPEB-
ENCE AT ■WETHKRSKlKt.D.-IlltlTIHH FLEET OKF BLOCK
ISLAND.— PL.VNS KOR rUTl'ItE OPKKATIONS— THE ALUES
PREPAKK TO LEAVE UtlonE ISLAND.- TI IK KLKKT TO RE-
MAIN AT NKWJ'OKT.-THOOPS DETACHED TO PROTECT THE
FLEET AND THE ISLAND.-ATl'EMPTED MURDER OF M. LA
BOROLI ERE.- FAREWELL DINNER-ROCHAMBEAU ISSUES A
PASS TO JOHN BEVERLY— SKETCH OF THE LATTER.

WXhE Coufit do B«rr:i8 iirrived at Newport May 10th,
(^y and the next day nddrpssed n letter to Wiishiiiglon
tntbrnihi^ him of tbe fuct. IIu aUo Jtiforuied hiiu that the
King hiul iijipoirilcd hitii "tu llio (-uruniand ol' h\» squiidran
in these sens"; that both himself ttnd Gcneml Roc-hum beau
were iin.xiniis fur a eonforenco with Iho AiiieiiiMii Chief; and
ndded : " 1 iim vo.vy im]iaf:ienl to have the Iioiior of making
an ncf|H;ihit!iiice with yuu, uiid to iisstiro you that I liave
nnthinu; so imieh at heaii us to render niyHelf 8er\'iecuble to
the King and to the I'nitcil Slates."

In reply, \Vashin;^toii said: "Give me leave to congratu-
late you on your aafo arrival, and your appointment lo the
command of Ilts Most Chi-I?ttiiin Majealy's fleet snd sen
forees upon these eoasts. It :ilford« mo no nmall de;>:rce of
pleasure to find the eonimjuid devolves upon an officer of
Your Exeelleney'a dislinjfuished cbanicler."

To meet the wishes of Coinit ile lijirnis and Count de
Kochambeau, as well a* his own, U'a.'ihinglon .-ippointcd a
confereuee at Wetherafieltl, to be liuld May 21. Wasliing-
tori was aceoinp:niied by Genenils Knox and Duporlail ;
Roch.iiTibeau was attended by the Chevalier do Cha»tcllux.
Oq thu eve of departure, the lirltibh fleet under Admiral

OCR FREXCH ALLIES.

387

Arbitlhnot, appeared ofl'BIot-k TsliirKl, threatening Newport.
For this cfliise, M. de Barras, who deemed it pnident to
roitinin und wntch the movements of tlH> enemy, did nut
jitleml. The pinna fur the future were deltUerately disienssed
and decided. It was settled to operate flgaiiiwt New York in
prefei-enco to mnhing further detachments to tlie soutbwnnl.
"The weakness of the ffarrison at Mew York, tlio t'entnil
position for drawing together men and supplies, and the spur
which any attempt against that pfaco would give to every
exertion, were ummig the rensonr* which prompted to that
undertaking, and promised (he fairest pmnpert of success,
unless the enemy fihnnid recall a consiileruhlc part of their
force from the soiilhwurd." *

It having heen decideil that tn tho next campaign New
York wiis to he thr firsl- ol>jecliv«t point, pre[tai"iit!ons for the
departure of the French idlies from Khode It>land were at
once commenced. For sevenil weeks great activity pre-
railed in Newport and in Pi^ividcnce. Siege guns and
magazines were brought up from the former to the latter
town, for greater safety, to \w forwarded when required,
and Providence temporarily became » grand d6p:*>t of mili-
tary stores. Teums for the transportation of commissary
stores and forage were, ns rapidly as possible, secured. It
WU9 decided in council, uRer dnc considenitiou, that M. de
Ikirrati mhuuld remain al Neuport, rather than go wtth his
fleet to lioston. In consequence of this decision, five hiin-
dre<l French troops were detached from the main army, to
which wci-e iidded one thousand American militia, all jiliiircd
under the command of M, de Cholsy, ** Brigadier of the
forces," to remain for the protection of the fleet nnd of the
inland.

On the night of May 2«th-29th, an Attempt ivas made in
Newport to assasj^iniite M. la Itorrfllcre, an othcer of artil-
lery. The officer, although having received several sabre

• Wuhincton to iron. John stdUivn, Hay S9, irfl.

J^OV5 , /£.4.V - BAPTISTE - DONATTEN
DEVIMEUR, CT£.D£ROCHAMB£AU,

^iiufiaMt/< f rn %j\.auni{f<im , tatmmMii^Ht tun C«Im it^

^fi'sm^*^

A

•^^ jU-jr^:^-

^ g^Q ^f^c^tc^*"-^***

Fjni yC^^ >1^««6.^^ .yi-i-^^/*

7Jtii MoHi

PaM IHVXn HT BuCtlAMMKAC TO JOUK UBVBBLT.

OUR FOEKCH AT.LIES.

U9

wounds, survived. The wonld-Iw a^sflssin, a sergeant in his
conipnuy, cndeiLvoreil In dmwn him^ctf, but M'as drawn out
of llio waliT, tried wilhout delay, condemned, and after
having' his hand cut off he wm hung.

On the 7th of June a grand farewell dinner was given by
M. dc Runns on hoard (he "l>ue de Boiirw-ogne." Sixty
giicftts were present, several of them being ladies from New-
port and the vicinity. The quarter deek was iiiTanged with
sails, and nmdc a very handsome hall. On the same day a
council of iidaiiiuBtnitioii, ontnposcd of ofKcors of the land
and sea services, was lu-ld.*

During all the weeks of preparation, and up to the hour
of his dupiii'ture, Genenil l{i>clianibcau Wits busily oeeupiod.
One of the last uses he made of his pen was to iittach his
signature to a pa^ss given to .John lieverly, Ksq., High
SheriiV of Providence county. A slightly reduced fac-simile
copy of this document is given on the preceding page.f

•artndittrd.

t John lie<iirr\j, Rm)., wu Iwra In VJf^l^atl. Haw., Jmiuij til. 1730. am) Jleil In Prarl.
ikDOT, Itity )V, 1H11. In llir >c\vnty-(lilnl yvar urhbic*. Be WlUiwrd lo Jnlinilvn, whcrv
ti* marnril Annr Slir|jlui>. wliii nt^i hririi .Iiiihibt7I1i 17*0, kn4 rlliNt In I'nnldrnon, i^tp-
trmln't i"-, V7, In lli* fnil|'.»i||lilli yviu of lii't njiF. In 1770, Mr. Hi'vi-ilr wm clrcl«! a
lifpair from JolicihlDii iotli« Oiicisl Arrpmttly. Tlir ibil^ of ljl« r^movitl Into l'ro*i<tvnc(>
dut* iiol ii|>prAr. Ill inn. !■«' «M ii|ip>)lnlcd » r«enH<1n|{ affit4-r. " tn rr<!ruill iiioi In iltl ib|i
ih* b«llal!i>ii raUInu wllhlii llin Stotv." tn ITW, hr was vl*«ltH| bf tl'^ (ii'iniul Auwiiihlj-
niflh .■ilicrlir tor I'rvvlilo.w coiiiiiy, ami In thai yi-wr rcotiicd rtvfli lliv |)iiblle irfoaurr
£ftM "fur ri|H'iitn lii uiiiirt'hrnilhif; liunelni"." Hi^ li^M llic ofBi-r of ShrrilT for •rvvrai
fpan, •ml Aiilliriilly illuliuficwl III* rlmln. In puliiln >i» «a« of (hv J#flirT*«n aohaol, aiMl
uHr^ly adi-itoBii'd ttir i>rlu<:lpk>4of MtjMi^j. T)i«ljaiw ofhla niarriaira wu Aire ohUdreBi
TJa : HtcphcD. Uirii Harelip. 17Ct\ and •llnl July 4. ISK: Uarr. b«rti Oclobn-ll. inUiaiHl
dted A|>rll '.■!, IMM ; Anna, tiuni Dnvnilirr 3, 1707, anil <Mvd Srplpinbn 7!, Umt: Sarah,
born >lA(dt -Ji), ir?^, n&d dlci] i tctulifr K irvi : Ulubrih, born Januair iv. KM), wba waa
tnati[rd to ■lotiB ilnlalrn (Invar, tlii^ falhcr of (hr late Judge Albert (iorlon (irernc Slia
(l<(d htliruary 17. I^M. The rvtaatun of Hr Jnlin Defcrlf, and llioac itt liU hoill}', lt« tn
llirNnrili lliirlal (irtiuiiil. 'Hir rpfiiiij oa hi* gratr.ttODr, l>, Ibat l>« mu" n klnil, fiiiliil-
getit liunhaiMl uMil Aiili4T, an abH|[lnj( nrlghlior. nml fl-1rni)ly tn all nipn." Of hli roiuort It
If r^onli'il ibar, " »hr iroi » irToicd wifp, 4taur>itrr, alMrT aud ftlrn<l ; n Ktittna*, armpa*
IbtilnK. uT)»iilriiriil!oui alni»>|[Ivrr ; n (nrrk, mnflillng. Ilbrcvl clrrlillnn. Kuck the waa Id
llfi.' aixl III 'li-ntli.'*

390

RHODB ISLAND IS THE HEVOI.UTtON.

THE ARMY ON THE MOVE.

PRBLIMINAKY MOVKMFXTS. — TROOPS LEAVE NKWPOKT. —
KNCAMP IN I'tMJVlUKNUE. — MAJICH TO OOBBB' KERRY.—
CAMPAKiN AGAINST NEW YORK ABANnOSEI).- MARCH TO
PHILADELPHIA. — RECEPTION THKBE. ~ MARCH TO YORK-
TOWN.

^7% S the day of departure of the troops drew nigli, M.
d^^ Blanchard aud Count iHinms were sent forwai*d on
the de»>i<;tHi(cd route of raureti, to nmrk out u piiecession of
cncnmpmonts, and by anticipation to provide for the imme-
diate wants of tJio army. M. lUnndiard, with two sei-vants
and three horses, left. Vrovidonee .hinc Ifith. He dined iit
Waterman's Tavern, fiOeen miles from the town. A dinner
for the three, and forage for the hw-scs, cost Iiim nine livres
— by no mcanft an extravagant charge. The nij^bt was
l>889ed at Plainfield, at a cost of eijrliteen Hvres. At Bolton
be Uy fiiek " atler a fatiguing uiart-h," and »t Hmlfmil ho
spent several days in estaMtshing^ a Hospital, and where, ho
says, ■'! was, by way of parenthesis, compelled to lifHit, in
the presence \^ a great number of Anierteans, witli three
nnrscs who mtitinipd." Pursuing his journe}', he re-ai'hed
theAmeriuun nrmy.lunc 211th. On tlio 29th he dined under
a tent with Washington. Twenty-five covere were Initl for
officers of the array. "The table was served in the Ameri-
can atylc, and pretty abundantly: vcgetablos, roast beef,
kmh, chickenit, salad dressed with nothing hut vinegar,
grui>n peus, puddingif and some pie.u kind of tart greatly in
iwe in Kngland and among the Anioriciins. TTicy gave n8
ofl the sumo plate, beef, green peiu, lamb, etc. At the cod
of the dinner the cloth was removed and some ^ladeira wine
was brought, whieh was passed aroiindt whilst drinking dif-

OITB FREXCH ALLI£3.

391

fercnt heiilths, to the King of Fniiico, the French army,
etc."* Of the eeatiments given at the table, one waa in
honor of Count de Grnsse.

FAREWELL TO NF.W POUT,

On the morning (]f June KUh, at 5 uVlock, (he French
camps that for eleven months hnd been iiinintiiined in New-
port and vicinity, wore bioken up, aud the hrigadcp of llour-
bonnois and of Soissonnois took their departure for Provi-
dence. Anxious, lut the offieers hud often expressed thcm-
Bclvcft, to cxeliMnge the Kt'Jice of g»icty, to which they had
Lirgcly contrihuicd, for the fiehl of Man*, the hour of sepa-
ration front families in which th^y hitd fonnd welcome
bonu^, viiis liiiged with madness. These scenes were never
to he repeated, and adieus were uttered in lone* of affco-
tionate regret.

Tlie liijops were conveyed to Providence In boat«, and
reitclted tlic town at nine oVlotk in the evening. It wii#
then loo hitc to luy out a camii, pitch the tents, and obtain
the necessary straw and wood. The Baron Viomesnil
obtained permi^sioti frnni the town authorities to occupy
8CVond large empty houses, and there the siddicrs lodged
for the night. The next day cnmp-s were formed on the
plain adjacent to the " West IJurial Ground," where the
troo])« remained one week.

Under the nnthority of the General Assemldy, George
Irish, Ksq., impressed in Newport county a sufficient num-
ber of teams to tniusport Ihe hnggjige and stores of Ihe
army from Newport to Uriptol Feiry ; and Nathaniel Fate*,
Esq., was empowered to make a similar impressment within
the county of Uristol, to convey the baggage and stores
from Bristol Ferry to Providence. On the 13lh of June,
Gcneml lioi-hambeau bade adieu to his memorable head-
quarters, and to hi.s numerous Newport friends. The same
day ho arrived in Providence.

■BlKixtiBnl. |>.lie.

OUR FHENCH ALLIES,

393

* A Ran hotly of men n-m n^ver In arms, nod no «nny wns erer b*lUT
niniUboU ultli cvcryihlns neceswio' for n Mii)p.il^n. The fxacl dti^ciplliw
uf ibv troops, aiid Uk- atlcnthiii or tlie omi-erii to pn>r«>iit *ay Injury to
liulivlOuuKs, liavt- mnil*; iht morch of thia nrmy lliroii^li lli« cooniry very
a^reeablf to the InlmltltJtnts; iinil li Is vrith ^irciit jjUa>*irf nc nasurc oor
mricrs, not a 9lii;;l(> dUngrci-ablc uircumaUiiicc* li:ii> tiiki-ii place."

On llicir nuirLh thi-oii*;;!! Connccliciit, tliK French troops
ivere everywhere rceciv<^<l witli nuirked lUteiiliou. Iii IM.tin-
fietd, WiiiiUiaiii niitl llullon, in Newlown ami Wootllmry. in
Miihllclowii, UiillingfDrd, North Stratford, nnd Hartford,

;iijiniiii|iiiiilTj [iiiinmiii Imitii iiuiiiTi iiiiiiiiiililiiiiiuHniiiiiuilmiMnL

TUK CnijuiKi. Samviu. B. Wiuib Itavnic, WirruKMiu'iKLUk CO!)3i.*

*iDihUli«UP,n'iutiliiinonaf]d KoqlmiubcKU held llM-lr «iaror«^cr. and dcddtl uvon

till- |>lkti vT ■niiituii;ri nsiiiml \fir Vork, iAnlti p. SSJi ) I'nloiirl f^HniHrl II. Wriili Kit'
turn III Wi-llivnli-lil, t>n.'pinl«.-r Ifl, I7.i1. I>ut[ii|[ tlip ltpii>Iutl(iiiiir'|r Win, lir wnn lurrM-

tlvHy a niembrr al llii' mllliikry fninDict uf GMiurnlN rmniiin uiitl W**litDjt1on. Ht mflcr-
wardacominntidiil D rrplnirnl »f c»ntIui-i>liU troii]ii, and In ITO um inmli' lln-vi'i.llHpi-
tlkT-Grnrtml. Hv "n* nii Drlh'luul mrnilwr u( iln- "ijrW) nl ilu- i'hul>iii«M llt-aaKikp
Mlirr nl <ii-tir'rnl .Intxt-i Wb<«)d VTtbli. lor niMi:i' jfttrt llir IiiHui'iiIIbI nlJiur of « Hvvi
Yorll dallj jiiiiM'r, nml oT (ipiicral AlrX>oi1rr S. Wrljli, kIio ilUiiii^ultlird liliiiH'ir liir (nl-
Iftiit NTvlct't ax ail urilllrry vmcr in t\w (a<c " War «f llti- IEfIii-IIIhii." Pip *Dlijt-r( nt tltl«
IitIbT iinlkr iru iiulnl fur a gL-iicrdiir Iiu>;iI|bI1I}'. llr dlnl ul t']ii>rracki 7i. Y . Ii<>tcnibct

SO

3»2

KlIOPE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLCTION.

THE MARCH COMMENXBIV.

Oa the ISth of June, "tlie spArklmjj regiment of IJour-
honnois," oil tlie VJtii Ihe regiment of Itoyal L>LMix-Potits,
un the SO(h tlic n-giincnt of Soissonnois, iind on the 3l8t
tlie regiment of S«iiitonge, left successively the cuntps at
Providence, keeping iilwiiys between each other the distnneo

TiiK RxnoT Vhwrniii-

of a d»y*8 march. Cnfwds were present tu witness the
departure.

On the 21th, the GenerHl, with the first division of his
army, ruiiched Hartford. The thi-ee other divjiiioiis arrived
on the thrcn following cinya. The finit division left on the
25th, and the others followed in the order of their iirrivul.
The troop.i niiulc ii very fuvurahlc iiuprcstjion. A Hartford
paper, under dutc of July 3, says :

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

393

' A fliicr body of mun was sever In ariDB. and no army was ever better
nirnKhcdwIili every ililns necMfiary fjr n caiiipiilj^n. Tliecxacultsclpllue
of the l]u()[j^. mill tin* Htt(;iiiri>ii of llic ofllrcrs lo prevent niiy li\iiiry to
]ii<li<'ltlual», lm»i' nciile lliu inanti nf ttils nrnty llimn^li llm cinimrjr very
ngreenlilv to Ihr liiliiil)<ctitit«t ; imkI II l» wUli ureal pli-nMire w>; iLt^nre our
readers, not il ■^liiKle dtsiigrcenljlc c1rcum»t:ince biia ukeu place."

On their marrli thmiigh Connecticut, the I'rencli Irnops
vscK everywhere i-eccived with ni.-irkcd udeiitiun. In Pliiin-
lietd, Wiinlhuiii iiiul Hcillon, in NcM'town imU ^VncMllmry, iu
Miiltilulowii, Walliiigt'ortl, North Stratford, nnd Hurttortl,

iMiiiimliTiinniiJ iiiiiiiiiinl !ii[ni|triiijii|i}!ii|iiii| iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiuiit iiHiiim

TliK Cni^XNt. (UuuBL U. n itan IIousr, n eTii£BHriBi.P. t'ONH.*

* III Itjlr liiiniw, WH^htiiKTan and Rorhambpnii hrlil rMr nuiTrtv-ner, nnA drddrJ iipun
Ihu iilan at a iraiii|Hit<ii anaiiiFt New Yorli, lAitIf p. .?SJ.> l'nloai-1 Mitiiucl B. Wrbli wn*
Iioru iu MVilnTillrlil, Urci'inlwr Ifl. 17KI. Iliirliiji thi- Ki-tnliiilmtafv Wu/, hi- mis »u«e«-
ttvvtj m incintipr »f ii>c wlllinrj (ainifimvt iivtirrni* riiiiintii hihI U'a'hiiiginn. Ilfsfler-
WMila Minmandril • rrKlni'-nt tif ctitlutninl iruop), ami iii t;M n'n> nin4i' Ureri-rllrtn-
Arr-G>iirrRt. It* vnui lui nrl^iinil ntpitiLiTr uC Ilit' SucIftv ul itir Citxliiiiiili Hr ■■■ llir
flilhrr «4 IJmrmI .lim>r* n'uituii Webb. Inr mnii}' }rura Tliv liiniU'iillal mlltnr of ■ NVw
York dally |iii|>>-r. uiiil iif rii-iirral AliKiibtlcr M, Wrbh, who dlflln^ iil'liisl liEmtrK n>r aal-
Uii4 ■rnim » «ii Mt-rllli-rt oIRcit Id iIip Uie "War uf ilw Iti-U-lllmi " Tliir (iimrcl of IliU
lirk* eoliec wu n»w<l for > ccnrrou* booplulHr. He <lk«l at Clnvtrack, S- V , Kmrmtwr
3.1X0?.

N

VM

RHODE ISLAND Ut THE KEVOLUTIOX.

the inhaliitdnts ric<l with tUc ruml population nioiig ihc
routes pursued by the suvvnil divisions of Iho uiiuy in fur-
nishing refreshments, and in rendering other services lo
relieve the miiivh from tedium.

Burniek-niuKten;. appointed by Governor Truiiibull and
bin counei^ ivnitrd tipon the nllics at every im|K)rljint sta-
tion. Some of theto mnslcrs, Uy espwini direction of the
Governor, aeconijmnied them on their uitin.-h — ns did'par-
tieulnrly Dr. Joshua Khlerkin, of Windhnni, with great ant-
isfaction to Rochantheau, all the wny from the point where
the troopj* iirst louehed C'onneetieiit tin ihe eiisL to their
encumpnieiit on the green meadows of Ilartfoi'd. Fresh
hoi-see and oxen from farms by the way were also freely
loaned, to linsten «p the tent etjuipagcs delayed by slow ox
teaini*, weaiied by h long <\uy'^ nmrch Ix-ncath u broiling «un,
wliilc a hospitable weleinne was given in private dwellinga
to many wojiry otfieoix.*

While halting for a niglit at Woodbury- where iheir
eneampment extended "a diiitnnee of nearly throe miles,"
they wore regaled hy David Sbennan with a libcnd sn|>iily
of iipples and "seven or eight Iwirrele of new ei<ler," the
product of hi» mill. 'I'lie evening Imure were enlivened
with a dance, "in which some of the Woodbury damsels
jfjjiied." t

Oil the id of -Tuly, Ctcnend I<iiicoh) wilh a detachment of
eight hundred men, iirtciniitetl (he sui-prise of Ihe enemy's
posts upon the north end of York island. The enterprise
proved uusuet^estiful. On the ()th. General Itochanibcau
with his army formed n jnoL-tion with General Washington,
nejir "l>oldts' Ferry," on the Hudson. 'ihe Americans
enciimped in two fines, with their right rej^ting on that river.
The French occupied the le(^, iu a single line extending
to (lie river Hnmx.^

I.UV) orOov, .IiMMUiuiiyumbutl.ii.UI.

ISjurta.

t nbi. WM>ibDr>. p. so.

OUIt FRENCn ALLIES.

399

Iinmcdiiilcly after tho arrival of the Freiuh nllics, Wasb-
inr^un ismicil tlit; fdllowing order of ihaiiks :

"The Coitaiiani!er-ln-Cltler witli plwiiHure omhniccii the cnrllest public
oppnrtmiliy of cxprcostitx his timuks to UN EscWIcncy thr Connt ilo
linit-liaiiiWiLU fttr tliu uiireniUtlns leol Mith ulilcli lu- \ias prosecuteil lils
n^HiTli hi onlci- to ilirm llw: Ii>ri^-ni»ht.-(l Tor Jtmcllon ln-Hvi-vn llic Freuch
and Aimrlc.-iii fDrros, nn cvitit wlilcli most hIToiyI the lii;*lH*st ilcgrvc of
pk'tLHiii-i; to fvcry rrii-i«l of his roinKry. nml froia wIiUli Hit- Impplcst con-
fiei|tii-iii't*« arc u* he rxpcrtcil, TItc Oi-neral cntrcfllK His Kx*cllciicy. the
rmml. tn CiiiUfV to the otllii'io niiil Bolilk-i-n umler U\f lmt»n-di;ilc coni-
iiiiiiiit Uio grnli-nil »'rn»c lie ciitrrtaitiK of llio chcerfiiliuMi** w illi h lik-h tliwy
pr-rfoi'iiivil so long ncd Inhoriouv a itmrcli nt ilils extrvmc Wt smson. Th«
reeimciiL of Siiliit An;:e i^i t-niltli-d to p<.'rii1iar nckitnivlnlsinetiLi Tor tb<!
Kpli'll ivUli ivbicb lUcy coullnuvd nmi supportMl lli(7tr inarcli without one
day's respite." •

'I'lie luiilrd forced liiy here pncnmpod durinjr six wpt'k:*.
«nd (djins for a j^enenil sittack on tlio erioniy were formed,
Ijiit.itsnnn Iii^rninc a]r|)Hn>nt, tlmt n'itltoiil a siiprnor nnvat
fiirce, it would be <li(h't*ult to PiiiTy tlicac out. General
Ko(.-Ii:imhe)iu liiiJ eonx'sjjonded willi Cotitit de Oraasc in ivf-
iiiTiuo lo opurjitiiig upon ihc soiillK'iri ooasl, prtiscniiiig "a
picture of the distresses of tlic southern .Stnt««, and, above
nil, of \irpiiiia, which had nothing tn oppose tllP^nrofffls of'
Lord t'ormvallis hut a small body of troops under Lafayetle."
While he;^itatin;f U> make the ''enoi-aj attack above men-
Honed, there was received at Newport, from Count de
<;rassp, a letter, stalin;? that he shoidd soon sail from St.
Domingo with bi.s entire fleet, having: on hoard tliree ihon-
sond tvrv hnndrcd land troops, to 1>e employed in the Chesa-
penke. TIiIfi letter M-as forwarded tn (.Jencrnl Washington.
The time lliat (he Connt had prescribed for tliiis o]>cration
was between llio middle of Angnst anti the middle of Oeto-
l»r. Snch intelligronce led at once to a change in tho plan
of operation. I-'niiher imniedialc altcmpt upon New York
was almiitloned, and the two (jcnends decided upon a cam-
paign in Virginia, to act against Comvvallis. Yorktown,

• WulilngiOB*! Orderlr Dwik«, Am. tlttb Hrc, ill., Wt.

OUK FRENCH ALMSS.

397

bor. A Fn-nch bakery was nho cslnhllshcd al cTniiham, ax a blind to tlie
tfucmy, which shnnld i*trengthrn ihc opinion Unit opcrntlnns wfrn Inlcmk-d
III that qonrtcr. (JoiiiTnlWn.vh lite ton rcmninca ivlth the nrniy llll Ihe
HOD). U'hcii Ik- mid Count dc Kirjcbnmtiean !it-t olT fur rhlliicIolpMa, and
ftrrlv«l tht-re llie next (Jriy. Ilv )iiuii<-(liHti-ly »[>plUil liUiicelf to provltlc
vcsseU aiiU uthvr niriius of iniDHporthig tlie nmi}', tMij|(}cn||ic, atid stores
ftOTn Trvnton to the beati oTtbc Elk. So ftw vessels coiitd be ftniml, that
on« reeiment only wriit by wnUir. with tbti 8tori-8, dovrii the Delaware
unci ap Chrltttlun:) crerh. All the remaliitng trnop.i miirclictl by InuJ, nod
reitclH-it I'lilludelphta S<-ptcml}er1th "*

KECEPTION AT PHILADELI'lllA.

"ThearrlvBl of the French army nt Pblladclpbla trns more liken tri-
iimpli ihim 4lmpt>' n pM^iag thron;;)! ihc pluco. Thr troops iiiiidc a halt
nbofit A (lO trier of a leagiK- (rnui tin- elly. iiiiil In au liLslaiit wcrcdr»»»ciliw
flcfjaiiLjy ii.i rvct tht; »n!iikT>i or a yftrrlxDii vrm on a ilny of review.
Tbcy thi-ti niarclivd Ihrau^b Ibe Utwii wlili the roilllary njuhlc plnying
before (hom, which \s nlnnjs pHrdculnrly ptca»1ii)( lo Ibe Ainerlcnns.
The nrvctx tTvrc rmttikvl wHb peiiple, and Ibe la<IU-fi apprared nl the
ifluduwfi In tbtlr moot ftplendlO attire. All Plillnilftpbln. naii HBtonlshcM
tu sotf ppnpitt, who bad «iKltir<-(| the ratlgiics of ti lung Joiiriioy. so ruddy
and bundsorne. and even woni1erc<t that tljerc could possibly bo French*
men of so jietitn-l an apiicunmrr.

"Thv trortppt next tnnrched In single (lie Iiefore the Congrrs« anil M. le
L'hevalivr ili- )u Luzeruv, Minister from Ua- Court «f i'ruoce, and after-
wan]i4 ciicampod Iji a lar^c plain cmiLljfUoiiH to tli« rtvcr Schuylkill. Tho
am day xTtrJ our arrival, the rrglmnil of .Sol!t»onnol9 went ibroiiKh ibe
oserclae of Qro-arin.4. .\t lea.it twenty thoosand peraonii. anil A vahI num-
ber of earrlaf!e«, remnrkntilo for ttielr llglitnesa and elegance, added lo
the liixln- of this exhibition, which v«a» Htlll bHghU-ned by tho pleasanl-
ueas of the alttintlon and Ibe remarkable sprenlty of tho day. The rapidity
of the iiiilttary evolut1ou9, the s'lldivrly tippcarance of Iho troops In gen-
<>ral ami Ibe exactness of Ilielr motions, surprised and curaptured the
lieholders.

"We were a good deal amused with n mifltake of Home of tbe common
people, who took for a Renei-nl one of thoae alert fellows, whom oar com-
manding oftU'crs commonly hiire in tbelr rvtlnu**, lo run np and dotrn to
carry tbclr writtvit orders. IIIh ^hort, tlght-bodted coat, hta rich walat-
coBt trilh o silver fringe, bU ro»«-colorcd »boi-», his cap.-* adorned wUb
A coiit-or-arni.s. and bis cane, with nn mormous bend, — all appeared to
ihC'in »o iniiny tokens of extniordin.iry dignity. Tboufib he approached
his master, the Culoncl CouinifindAut. jiK-rcly to reoeirc and piihll.sh bla
ordem, the) inia^ilni'd that he gavcr thi>Mi iif his owu accord, and dlrectMl
the moremeiits of the troops, Independently of any mipertor.

•Spwk*.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 399

" TliB ninn<BiHTC« of our triiop* mWcd ilie niosi flnltcrinf: «x|tM:iolinii«
In ihii ni\m\s nT tlic Pppcintora, niid ihoy did not lic!*lUin; lo rttcltirt? lliat
mich sulititTH tvpiv invln<-|l)le TtiU ilny was ilvMltiLit for Diviimbjv niiiiiiH.
M. It; CtievitliiT ilr In Liixcriic *vha> on tliis nrcnnlofi rwplvcd liU i-umilry-
^Willi iIk; dignity Jiiitl gtiicr.>»liy nf ibt rcprtM-iitnllve of a ffvfat
Ch. mill tlif rnnikm-JtJi and coinluillty of nn liiilivkliiiil. nflcr llic
Inriiwil nil tlip iilTlc-crB t'» dint' willi liiiii. Hanlly were we nealeil
nt UiD tnMu whfM) nn exprees arrived; n dlM)iil<-tiii|t i>I1icritc-r hiimrdialvljr
9«lit«d every yiicul. Our vji-x vwre (iSi.f\ na (lit* OlicrnlkT de In Luierne,
evrry i>ijg trtnU'avtii'lD^ to ^ic)>h \tti:it itic iiiii<«iiui* ivtmld lurti vai to be.
• Tldrly six hlilps flf tlip llni",' snld lie. ■ ronitniiiiilcci by Monsiwur In Cunil«
(]c (ini^-ii^, nw nrilM'il in C'tit^niK-Jikr Uny, miil ilirt'c rhniisAihrl men l):ivc
l.iiidcil nnd tipuncd a roitininnliaiixii uilli ilic MiirquU dc la Fnycttr!'
Joy n»d jiood liiunor hiiniidliildy rvntiitK-il Ilitir [,>lm;v on tvory coiiiite-
iinnce. Our liiii>ink'i)t k-ndor^i huenn toconni llif days, and rtckuu liuti;
Ion;: It ivoiild he Ik'Totc lhi;y <M>iiId bftvi! It In tlitlr piiwnr to face the
t'Htmy. mtd ihi'lr kciied Imngldnilona inadt^ ll much shorter tlinn It after*
imnli* proved in Ik- llcnllhs vri-rr ticxl dniiilc, and llittl uT tli« MliihU-r
uf llic Miirin" nt KraTifp wns not. forpijl.trn, wUnso aclivllj ami great abil-
ity ti&vc patcd tlie tvtiy lu the Hn."^^ l>rilll«[it stiwo-i-ies or our fleet; ihe
prv^Fticv uf his ooii, M- Ic CoiniL- dv CliHrliiic. i^<.'L't)iid Colurii?! uf iIk- rviicf*
iiiont of Salutunirc, luldwl htill inoro lo our plcnxiirc mid salisAtcttuii.

"Anion;; otlifr-. t'h/iilirs Thunipsoii, Tlic Secretary nf ('ongress. tlio
.'*riiii or lliiil political body, ciuiiL- nlso to [-cci-Up mid prcsrnt blif conipll*
uiPDt-t. I IN nii-n^re n;:nr(Miiid fVirruwcilcomiU-iiniicc, tiis hollovr.sparklln];
vyv«. Ms. wbllc, ntrKlulil liiilr, lliat dlO not hang quite »o low as Ills i^ura,
flxcd our lliiiroiiuli fiuvntloti, oiid filled us nUli mirprUc ami nd miration.

"Tlic lni[iiiriaiit news uf the arrival of lh« Couul dc Grusso was xwa
spread tlirou^fhont ihc city, and cchot-t* of Joy wert liwiril from fvcry
ijiiartLT. iconic htcrry ft'lki\r», motinU.-<j on scaffolds nnd statri-a, pro-
iiotiiicc<l fiinvral orations for Cornwallls, aid niten-d lameiU-illous on Ibe
prief and di>lip»* of lh« Inrirs. Tlic prij|d« ran In crowd" to Ihw rrxl-
drace of the Minister at France, and ' JMng live ImuIi liie tflzteendt * was
thw B«Deral cry,

"Ttiiis yuii see tlie people an.' unlvcrt^idly pen^unOcd of ihe succei'it of
this expcdiliui). <:ould those flatterlns hopes lie realised, llicy would
hasten a pcafe, whlrli tii oiir^llLmlloii. and niidcr the nhv nn<t bciicvolcTit
prlnco tliiit ^fovcrn^ dh, would place France In n point of view that liaa
been wtiully iiiiknotrii slncL- tlie existence of ber niuiiareliy," •

Tht" Frencb troops, on tlicir mnn-h fixnn the Hudson to
Pliilmlclpliiii, nliseiTcd tbc Biimc exact discipline, nud the
eame freedom from trespass lliat distiuguishud their umrcfa

•ClMildliix** New TntTd*, p|h »-lL

-100

RHODE ISLAND IN TUB BKVOLUTION.

Trom Providence to Dobbs* Feiry.* From Providence to
Kentown lliey mardied by regiments, and tlionce by bri-
giitloH. A tublo of tho scvenil encampmcnU, with dis-
tances, is here given. It U copied from ouc prepared by the
Abbii Kobiii, a Freneli chitpliiiii wbo came to America wJlU
the Count do Rarras, nnd joined the Solssonnois at Newport.
It is prili((Hl in ht^ " youvmtu Vnifa{te dans L' Amnrufut Sep-
fenirinitiilc, en VAnnfe. 1781." A BJmihir t»blo Ja lo he
seen in tho Journal of Count WJIIiiim Denx-Ponts, entitled
" -Vy Ciimpaiifnn in America " ii work Hdmirably translated
by the Honorable Samuel A. Gi-een, M. D., Mnyor of Bos-
ton.

UOBTE Er CAMPS
qv'n fnttn rarmit da Comtc dn ItocAamt/ta", liiru U court d* la eamf^ya*

de J 781.

DATCS.

CAllPfl.

DUTAKCRS.

Juin^

De Xeirport dtm HJitide Maud,

»liHm Aaft.

11.

k Providence.

SO

II nil 80.

SfMinr,

HI.

a WaU-rmnii,

IS

Zl.

A I'tniitlli-ld,

18

29.

K Windlianii

la

S5.

a noluju.

i«

:!4.

k EiisUarfunl,

121

Su ftud 2l>.

.VJtiur,

K.

i, Furmlngton,

iH

Z8.

It Bnroii's-Tavcrn,

18

SS.

a. Breakiii^ck,

IS

•0.

i Nvwton,

15

■ Ihi Po/ietM Mj^ " tbr M-mir iiT Itiirlianibmu, in lt> nmrrb fnlm Nnrpurt lo Yarfciawn.
JKB» w IhuiQiiilil)' wpll oiHidu0t(<il. Iliat tlirrv icki nv( vtvii a (IiikIv ln>>Anci*nranii of ih*
Hldietf Ittklns an npplr or BpcacJi ftom a.a otclmrtl witlicut IcArr IuiyIox brt'D tHvvliiailr
oltlxiiiPil." A nilur mt'li. Mi ■ notr tnnii lliu Du I'unri'aii iiin>iutr(i|!lt. Ilit-nr wot>I> ' ** It
KB* glipn uul 111 iti-iiprsl vnl«r>, Ibvt ir « Fnticltmait ilioulil l>ati> ■ <lU|iute •wllti mi Antpr-
lean, thr KrtiicIiniaD thDulit b>- pcinlitlicd, vrliHIirr )»■ has Sn thr riiclit or in th« (rront, hikI
thli rule wa« itrldly RiIlH-rrd lu. I ticlkip ilicn^ f« no rximplc of unftliiuf tlinlliir In bl>.
ti>rr-"—l'"'"- fif"!/ 1 lli*t. oBil Bhff., U, ,\i\ I, IS7S,

IVter Mtphrn Ouiioni.'t'au vaj bunx iu iIip Iilr of itiif, FVancp. Jun^S. ITM. Il« cant

to Ainnlru wllli itiirun ^Irubm, aiiil atllilpd him In pri-psriiig Ilia lyitoii) uT nrmjr itltrl.

p]lni>. Ilr «iu (iinilw tw^ictCapUIn, vimt ^cvr^larf Iw K. K- I.UInRtton, iM") lirttil at tof-
el^ affhira. lie iiudleil law. aiiJ tircumi I'liiiiiini In llii' prAfi-taloD, Tuminit itltaiien-
IktD lu lltL-ralure ami iclptm, luc Kllalueil wurlU wlJr dldtuctlum ■■ a |>hllukigbt. Ho dlral
In 1-blUiMplil*. April -J, lOH.

OUR FBENCH ALLIES.

401

UATE8.

camfs.

I>I8TA^'C■8.

Jvilht.

1 er

Sijour,

2.

k Rldt^ebnry,

19

3.

k Nortlicastle,

20

i and 5.

SSjour,

6.

k PhlUsbnry,"

as

Aoit.

20.

k NorthcnstI«,

22

21.

a Cranipnn,

U

23.

a Kliig»-Ferrj,

18

23 and 2*.

Sejour,

2o.

a Stony-Point,

6

2f5.

k Sufifcrency.t

16

27.

a Pompton,

U

28.

a Wlpeny.t

16

29.

Sejour,

30.

k Bullious'-Tavern,

16

31.

k Soiiiinvrsfet,

17

S'pttnitbre.

I er

a Prince Town,

IS

2.

a TrtiiUin,

13

3.

& Llon'8-Tavem,

IS

4.

k PlitlaUelphie,

15

6.

Stjoitr,

a,

k Chester,

16

7.

a Newport,

IS

6.

a UeaU-Ofulke,

18

0.

k Suttqulneah-Ferry,

16

■ 10.

h Bark-Tavern,

U

11.

a White March,

15

1L».

a BHltlmore,

12

13. Unud 13.

SSjour,

IG.

' k Spire H

IS

17.

a Coatb.§

16

18.

a AimapolU,
Sejovr iusqae au 21 uii on
a mia k la voile dans la
bale de Ch4aap^ack pour
arriver a James-Town.

8

•rUIIIIpebiirg.

tSulTemi. J IlBnover

or Whippanj.

II spurrier's Tiivprr, " now llip Waterloo Tavern. It w»i buill by one of the Spuirltn ol
Annapolis, anil kuon ii l>y )ii» imme."— iVofe tj " ify Cttmpaigni," p. 130.

f Scott'B i'laDlalton.

61

403

BBODE ISLAND IN THE UEVOLDTION.

DATRS.

C»MP».

nWTxSGKM.

Oetoltfe.

29.

A Jnini'S-Tourn,

ITS

!«.

i\ WIUlBDiBburKb,

«

S7.

&->«)■,

IB.

dcvaiit Vorck,

11

ToUI,
qui (tint,

TSI mllM:

:^J3 IIODM,

Tor*

L dca comps,

s>

At Philiidelphia, the orderly conduct of the French sol-
dioi'8 sustninui] tlio good reputation Ihc^' hiul ae(|iitretl ou
ihoir march. Among the niimermis noted complinienlnry
addresses [>rei^nted to Genuralliuchamljuiiu, (lie luosL uiiii|ue
III' tUt^'in WH5 ()ii(! froui u depiitatiuu of Frieiuk in that city.
Approaching him in the simplicity of their dress and man-
ners, the eldu&t said :

" Ocncrnl. it Is not for Iliy nillltai^ qiiAlitit^s tbnt ffc comr to mnkc thcc
tlii» vbilt. W<! tiinkc uu account uT taletita rVirnriir; but tbnu nrl tbu
tc\t!m] of mail, xikI tli)' tinnf then lu pern>ct orUer aiKl dliKlplliie. It l«
till) that IctijH Hit lu pAy tliee our respuvUi **

Having c^mplelod some ai-ningomcnts in Piiiladelphia,
Genenil Watihiii^ton tinii Gencnil Kuchiimbeiiu set out for
Mount Vernon, whifh they took in tlieir way to tlio future
tield of action. They reached Willianiahui-g, the head-
(juai-tors of I^iifayotto, September lUh, in advance of the
army.

After a short rest, the troops i-csumcd their march. On
arriving at KIklon, it appeared that there was a deticienry in
boats for the tmnspni-tation of the tnmp*;. Those jinivided
could convey ouly twelve hniKlrod men, and were all devoted
to the use of the grenadier«, ehassonm and infantry of Laii-
zun'a legion. The main Iiody of the army, tliercfope,
niai-ched to H:dtimore, wbei-o it arrived September 12lh,
and atlcr Imlting there until the IGth, continued ita way to

OUR PRENCH ALLIES.

ioa

Annnpolis. Hero It uiul>Hrkcd on l)otinI tho "Honoulua," tho
frigntes " Gentille." "Diligcntc." "Ai^elte." "Iri«," the
" Richmond," nrul nine tnmsportfi, — in nil, fitlcen ves8ol».
Tho gqimdroii sel sail September 21tst, :iiiiJ the next <lay
nnchoretl in L.vnn Haven Enj*. The diiy fitllowing, il iict
sail a<^Lin, nnd entered tho JiitnoB River. On the 24th, it
readied Ildg's Feny, whci-e the troops diacnilmrkcd, aiu!
mari:he<l thence to WiUijimsbui;^, ivhicU pluce they ivached
Dn the 2rith, and there oncamped.

For he!id«jiiartpi"s at Witlinmshiu'g,* General Washington
Dceiipied u niantiiun M-hicb betuugcd to Ibe Cuslid finiiily,
known as tho "six-chimney hou&o." There are now no
romuins of the hnihling proper, and oven ite cxnct position
is not certainly known. Thp ground forms a portion of tho
garden connected with the Eastem Lnnutic Ai^ylum, hut it
still retains the nnme of tho " six -chimney lot." There is
still standing a small brick out-lioi]»)o, irhich yvns u»cd as a
kitchen by the former occupants of the mansion. There is
a handsome yew tix>c, (which trnditioii deelants to bavo been
planted by Mrs. Washington's own hand), that is snpposed
to have stood just at the fmnt of tho house. There are also
some majestic holly nnd cedar trees, forming — together
with the remains of others — three sides of an oblong rec-
tangle. Within this close, facing tho west, once stood tho
nohlo old mnnsion.l

•WlLLIAVflMRii 131 in*t.— " WiainnntutX, IhoaglioHiiiiknlblp M lb* Mptlkl Of Vtr*
glRla,blD iMlirr n^fpnl* ■ plncv uf IIKir liiijinriKDc*. It ■■ >1luu»d opoa > piiiln. liiv*I
piMc of land. «Bd tlir main (ttrri, pa»lni[ ihrvuKli tlii' mlJiti u( II, Il moT* than our huti-

■Iml ftrl In mdlh. Al one of Ihc rilrpinllli-i, oiiil fro-ritlnji tliF sInTi \» til* C*pllOl. tit
fititc lluoK, n imalJ tiil r^iiuln' bullillnit. Al tlic ;>11itr rnil U lli« CWIrKf [ Wllliun ami
Umrj. i-K lull lb hill In ilUi.] minlJr iif Miiilalnlng thref liBiiiltnl «(uiltnl«. TUtn la >
llbrar; iH'kinfflng lo II ofaljunl iliiv«' Thouiandiulunini, ani] bii apiiaraliu (urvxiMTiiuratal
I>liltu)oi)l>y, lolmhiy oomiilt'Ir. .... 11)c tunua of anuf bw <lri<«(i IrtMit l»«nm

lliiMr nliu Ii»i1 Ibu i:«tr uf tlirac |itill(i«i>iililml Inatruuirfil* Wt MHlld nVMl

OBly one Military iirofcMOf, of llalUu rxinclVm WIIIUinatnitK iluca nut con*

Win above one hnndrrt and Utj Inwca.— CAtMbUaC* .V«tf TYoivto, pp. M, J*.

t It Dtaj be lntnr*lln« lo dale In U^a euniiretioli thftl Uri>«fiit Wanlilnftos't bOHf-
noon waa apsat lo |Im> ■■■Ixdilninv}' liouie." <taiiir jron ago, a Inrxv blark bulllr of
UHIi|iM *hBp« waa int«rthKl orar Ihc Mtc of the inat»lon. uputi «lili'l>ua» an raiboaaMl
oral, arlttila wblcb Iba itani« 1 . 1'USTIS wa» blon n In the gift. Tlie bolllr ua* prcMTTfd
aa4 pn«cnl«<l by tin. M*rj Hn-l I« ttif law Jama* (.'uitla, aiiO U lUI) rctnnlua 10 tba (Im-
nr>-Lttler/fvm B. A. Bnxt. Stg., to Ilk mCkor, StpUmbar 14, l»T».

404

RHODE ISLAND IN THE KEVOLDTION.

From the Btart, a rolitrtniiop 1o mnrch south (luring the
hot senson hnd hccn noanifcuted hy the northoiit trtxips.
Geooml Wushintrton saw Ihis, aiid was nnxioiis to allay tho
focling. He appwirs to h«vo thought tlmt a specie pay-
ment of dues might answer that end. He therefore wrote
to the Snperintt-iHlent of Fiiinnee :

" I mnst rntrrnt you. ir posaiMc, to procure one niAiith'5 pKjr In upMlo
for the (IclitchRicnt undi-r my rommand. I'art of Lbc troops have not litcn
))alil nnj'tliing Tnr a lnii;j tlitii' ]>uMt. nml liiivi- upon iieverHl <it-c)u>ionH
Hlutwn innrkv or jjirt-at il!st'onti,'Dt. Thu scrvk'.' tlicy niv U'litiy ii|H>a ix
<lisaf;repn>>1c to ilie nurtlicrn ri'^linenls: but I inukc no iloubi )>ut thnt «
tlmicfiif itT n litlle litnl money would prit them hi proper lemp^r. IT ihc
whole sam cnimot be obtoioeil, a pnri of It will he bfiu-r tliiiii none, 5« it
may be dbtrlbntcf] In proportion to the re)>p«cUrv wnnts and clfllms of the
men."

By n temporiirj'lonn frmn CJencni! Rochambeaii, n eonsitl-
eniljlo sum in hurd money wa» obtained. Commissar}*
IManehnrd 1»c^an hiti duties in hchnlf of the Mnrtjniii dc $t.
Simon's troops tindor deprcsjting eircnni«;tamvs. " I set to
work," he says*, "iilthonjrh without a piece of paper, or fln
tm)j>h]yL>, or a hag of llonr h( my disposal. 1 was com-
pletely overwhelmed I caused ovens to Iw

constructed, hut I was in want of tools, and I had to run
ahfHit uiiiL-h and negotiate to obtain even a hammer." But
a brighter hour soon broke upon him. " Our Gonends." be
says, "came and deposited with me 800,000 livrcs in piiiK-
ters, which M. de (irasse hn<l brought for us." This money
waa placed in a room on the gi-ouiid floor of liis ijutirlers,
imdcrncatb which was n collar. The ftoor heing weak, in
the eonrsc of the night it was broken through by the weight
of the silver, and both ihe tlva^nre and tho »cn'anl having it
in charge were pi*ecipitnteil intn the eelhir, williont, how-
ever, any loss of the first or any injury to the hitter.

It does not como within the design of lliis namilive to
notice in detail Ihc operation.^ of Wayne, Stenbcn, Lafayette,
and the renegade, Arnold, in Virginia ; nor to describe the

OUn FRENCH AI.UES.

405

movements of fireoni! nnd Coriiwnllia in Soiilli Curolinii,
which led the latter lo set bi» face towawU the north. Siif-
Hco it tn 8n\", that befdiv. the combined Aniericiiii iirul French
forces liad conccntnitcd nt and near Willijirnsliurg, the Itrit-
ish Chief, with eight thutisnad men, bad tnken possession of
Voi-btown nnd Gloueester Point, iis strategic iw^ts. The

L/(rt>^^i^ti^€^i^

"hoy," Lafnyette, wilb less tban three thoiminid mun, be
boliovcd wiw now witbrii his graap. "The boy cftimot escape
me,'' bo wri>te to Sir Henry Clinton, iind with his i)ver-
whclniing force, the prediction seemed lo be well founded.
IJut Comwallis, though im oiBcer of superior niilil4(ry abil-
ity, soon found in the " boy " a skilled soldier, evidently hie
match. Lafayette was Udd, yet wary. Now, he dashed
impetuously forward, as though intending to ongiige in u

OUB FBEKCH ALLIES.

407

rate in the Chesapeake, did not require him to form a junc-
tion with the West India squadron, Init left him at liberty
to iindcrtiikc any other enteriirtse wlii<-h he might think
proper. The Count was disposed to make nn expedition
against NewfoliTidhnid, hut this step hoin^ tilrungly diwp-
pmved hy hoth General AVashington and tlio Connt do
Rocbiimbeau, it was given up. lie then resolved to proceed
with his squadron to the Chesapeake. This he did. He
nrrived there September 10th, bringing with him tlie French
siege artiliery, and the hind forces, under M. De Choisy.

" It ia prohnbic, likewhe, that Aoni« (Irgrre or [tomonAl Teetln;; had Its
III (I lie II i:p (HI thcrlthcs nrrwiiit iln ItHrriM. In the Council oT War, which
wns lielcl Bonie time liefore, rv^pectlni; the roenoval of the fleet to Boston,
hTtvr a (Ivbiitc Iiitlk-ntliiu u litlk' wuniiiU miioiiic tliv orHveni, C«uat de
Kuclminbvau rvprrHt-utii M <lc BnrraH as nsing ttio rollowUitf luagmigc-
* Nn person l.s more tnttirv-Hted chnii I nm in tli<> firrUnl nf M. Dti Grnsse Id
ihcse »eM. He was my Jnntor; he lias just been Appointed Ltnoteannb-
Gcnoral. At the raomrnt his ajipmaclL Is made hnowo, T sholl set sail (o
put inynclf uiidt-r lil» onlrDi, I irill fliiinU DiIm miiipiil^ti ; I will never
make Huotber'"*

" Hvncf li npppors, tbat tlio two navnl comnian'feni stood In » delicate
relation (u vach DLlicr; and ll may be prt'sumeil, that thix vns The rctt^oD
why Codtit de Unisse left Ooiitn-de Itiirrait nl Illieriy to Join lilin or not, ak
he should be iDcllncd ; and al»o why the latter preferred n ttepomtc enter-
prise" t

On the 31st day of August, Count De Grassc arrived in
the Chesapeake with ti squadron of twenty-eight ships of the
line, and six frigates, having oti himnl tlneo tliousnnd three
hundre<I hind troops, fonimandod hy tlio Marquis dc Saint
Siiui>n.{ With the aid of boiitN, manned hy liftecn hundred
Bailors from the squadron of De Grusse, they wore landed
At Jamestown on the 2d of September. On the 5th, Admi-
ral Gmve-s upi}earcd off Chcsa|}oako Bay. The Cbu[it de

* ItAchoinbiair* llmiiiiri, I., p. 375. t Spiirk<>

tChradc Annr. HhtijuIi dp Siiint Simon, wa< n SpnuUb Omcral of lupcdur nirritf, anil
<llipl«iMl*kl1tMulbravcrr ni Torklotrn. l>Drlne liU tcnice* In Ea rope aiitl in Anvrln
be MTU (ctrral linir* naiimtii). Mn'vrnlrrri) Ihi^ tpiilce of Siwiii oi ft Uarnelial'ilp't^aip.
Ill ino,ba KM iiu(li>rB|]|)iln4iriirrnl t,aA ■ (Ininilcv of jt|«lii. Un wai born «t Che CaMk
•f Ls W»Tt. Fntuec. la I7U. tnd <Unt Jaaau> .1, IMtt.

RHODE ISLAND IN THE RBVOLUTIOy.

GiRSKO iiiimediatuly t-tit his cables, went nut to mct^i hiin,
gnvo buttle, aiul gnincd n victoi^-, prc^iging n grciiter soon
lo l»c obtained.* In Ibis cngngcnicnt the British ship
"Terrible" wus soveroly damiijrcd, itiid nniible t« Iw kept
adont, was sot on fire and deitrovcd.

The sciLsonnble arrival of Count de Griuse In (he ('besn-
peuke, and his sucvess in Inking tno friguie^, iind in driving
Adiiiir.il Gnives from the coast, greatly ptoiucd General

ftUXT 01 MUX*

"VVashiugton. Immediately on his arrival at Williamsburg,
be uddresricd aeongnifutatory letter tn the Adnnnd, express-
ing a desire fur an interview, tliat they might consult in

MRtDMMlInc thr IU4£chl, I>ii]ii' iI'Di'vuiiH, l.h-iirciiHnI of ■ ■iiNii-iir-nar, sad Hajoi ut Ihn
bluK •'{luulraB ; lUiiub, Knalffn of ■ ■niin-or wur, a Si»^k, on tlirCainn; dv laVlllnin.nn
MXtllMrj olll«wr on I lir lilxli-mr: cticlitovn oHlctr* <'ttt wduu<)|'<1, iiml iitiuul tWuUuii<ln*l
■CD killed autl ■raunilra.''—:jiij>. (l-ia. ilr ^ViMOt, .Votwmhr iO. ITSt-

OUB FRENCH A.UJES.

409

reference to the sioge. This wns delivered by Count Fcr-
aen.* On the I7th ot September, tbe Geiierid, accom-
panied Ivy Ornemls Ko- /tA^ jn
cliHiiiiiwiu and Dupor- ^tZ^ C4^ Dif-^^Jft^^^^
tjiil.f wt'iit for Hint imr^ ^ ^^^-""'^

pose on boiinl tbe " Ville

de I'liris," (bo Admii'ttl's Hug-ship, a vessel of otio hundred
nnd funr inma.

*T1)c Coiinl Jran Axrl di^ Frrt^n wii« born ai Stockholm, S^ivlom'bi'r 'I, iru, nnd Tt-ulvcil

Ilia intllliirT nlucariuii l'IvIpH}' al llic AcHiti'iIiy or Turin. I'l llii^ nlnrlrciilli fear of litu Bg*

hi- •ijp'i'ori-il itt ilii- Krniicli i ouri, wlirfi' lila brMiirofprriDii ulimoit-iliiiilvpTtul Blivivilun,
Il-r wni urndcmJj n-rriiitl by lit* KInjt "ml lit"' (iuiwn, •nd t»im tlic tpnml rjtvorltr at lli»
lnltiT. Ill' tra-lTnJ llir commlHlnii of Ciiloliol 111 Ibe SwrtlUh ri'xfitictil "f biiil)-guurtl \v-

nil Hnjr*!)' lAuin \VI. In n>n»'qi]rncc of ilir drpoirnu'nl of tlie yat^n TonanU tilm.

-Ihc IdiifFiiip r>r aranital wni uit In Iniptloii. Canal Vrrtt'it »a> Jlncn-i*! abnip b[< yrsrii, >□(!
FliprlalilHK * Icii'lpr rcffBid for K*r Miijftlj't irpuliillnn. biiiI fcurliijc 1 'lUI In Iiit Toiilliful
thi:iU(t 1^1 1 o •»!■«« tli4' uiiithl rxpiwi? Iivrrrif I» fnrlliiT udi'i-nc nlltrlini, hr dii-ldail to no in
Anicilm mIiIi (li'iit-fal Itocluiutwau. Mr ti>:>taiii» a tn»iiibrr ordiu tipiirriil'' iiilhlRr} fam-
ily, ami \\\* knowliHlft Of 111* Eii||Ili*1i IJUimwRC KMitrrtd lilt pcrTlcvi. a* nn liiivrprtlrr,
lilKlily vntiiatiir. HI* irtlrn aiMmunl In lila raltier, I>uip Ni-wiMirl, inilli/ulo tlial Ihr
■iiir]it oniUt- aiilf of Amrrli'iD rliarnvlrr bad nut vtcapnl liU >lt«ntioii, anil h*> ii|H4ik» of
tbr pvuiile u ciovctous, anft In itwlr d»linKa it«dii|t the >'Kncli "wltlioul comjieiMailun."
" Nul." hi' ni](lp, "hut what tlipre am aomc FaHmablv pri^ie amunf llwiu ; tliriv are inaoj
who arr Kvblr nnd jtcurruui.''

The raiinl roaiclit nt tlir fIriK of Vorktoirni Knd rccrlvnl from WMlilnittttn the badBc of
II rSorIi>t/ of tliw < inrliiiiali. Trumbull <nli<adiio»i] hU|"iiiral: Inio lil> |iiil(itlii)| of lh»
•UfTvndrr of t'o-rnwiilKf. •.>» Mii ri-tuni lol'nrl.'.Uu IdcnUllMl MliuM'lf iiii({ilii>«Lu*« of ihn
BMirbwnr. nnd In niillii); IIil allrniplrd I'K-Hpriiif llir Kleijc and Hit IJufcn 10 Vnn.'iiiirt, Im
Mird 111 dit|:iil>p a* IlK-lr (■rtai-hitiiin. Had It nut tx-l-u fur Ow hi>|>ni'1riiii^ \<( Ilir Klii^, at
floe tintr, In dMcMitlini: from ilie carrljun'. and at tnuihrr, in thuultiy hlm^rlf at It*
a-jndow. hi* plnn for »B»lnf Ihpm araiild iindonlilrdly l«w« bwti ■uFcaMtful. In l>r, tli«
C«unl t:l«lipd EiiglBDd. Di'liiiC Mill In Ihr 6*mllah trrdiv, thniigli hoMhtg a iviiiimUiilon
In Ihc xttIm of FrancT', hr rrturin^. In I7W, to M* native land, nnd na« appolnlrd llir
*pcrrt iiri-ril i>r Aii||ukIii* to Halch mrr lil> Inlrroftt* at Ihr Court of Vrrialllm. Tlir
(Uddi'D (Jrnlh uf OirlMlttn AiifUdat awiilirEK^ Iho ultfnd tiiipkton t)>ul K<>r*rn had pol-
•onral him, nnd Jiin*- 10, INIO. wtilh> «mI>I1ii|[ at Vive fimcnil of tlir ^-oiing hlnx. hr HM
a«aaltcil hjra nicilt and rrurll; Hiuril*n-'1. T1i«< CiiunI Lrpl ajiiuriiatrrutii i:Kit»I7lll,Khkh

nnfortiinnii'lr wai dciiroji'tl hy ili« iriend lo irhot« can; It wai coofidrd, on the «t« of lila
f\f\A \a Varrnur*

He irai on« of thnw ■wtole and flilltinil mrn lo if hum R>uld br applied, tn lt> lUI meii)-
Id(, thr HI 111 to, »i%nt firur il <itiu rr/mirA*. A ii lnlrrr*llnn rariuiilr of liloi, prvpfttrd bjr
bla tipphrw. Daron KIlaclcowMrUm, vn* publUhMl a few jrari oro.
I Cli*vnllrr IjjuU l.elHr)(iii' DupjjMnU wai of Krencli birth. Hr rrcrlrcd a ntllLlnrr wJu-
allaa In Fnntt, niid brfnnip an aoaainplUhrd i-nginivr. Ur ouiir to Aincrlc* during Ihc
j War of IndrpptidriHv. and In 1777 inu nppflltilHl a BrlKadler'ncnvnU. lU wu Comniaa-
f'Aint of IliF tvrfi of rii|liirrDat the (Irgnof Vorktuwo, nnd rreclvrd Ihr ponkutar eon-
■nrodatlun of Urnrral IViuhlnjtlon far Mln skill and braterf. In rrcogEillInn of tili Mr-
*1m«, Coii[tr<'»» romtiilsilnned hlin a MiO<i''C'*"i*nd' f*" •''• "■'""' I" Frnncp, h« «••
i|B>d« a Slarr«liaJ-dr-('aiiip, and aflirTardi >llnl(tvr of War. iDthn trocbloui llmii of
llfIC, hr rrhimrd !•> Amrrli:*. tmni wrTirnrr In- irat rr^allril by rvrnti of Itic rlghlrrnCli
Bracaalr*- II* dird on hU [— f^j[- hoict.
51

410

UUOUE ISLAND IN THB BKVOLLTION.

"On Lhe Amerlcnn Chlof's renctiins tbc quarter deck, tlic Admlnil flew
to cmhpace hlin. Imprinting lhe French a«lule D|iori each elieck. Ilnggtng
Ittm ti) bU «riD9, be exrlidmu'il, * .Vy lUar Uttlr j/fneral ." Dl- OrvvHW wm of
lofty stnture; Iml Ibi- Irnii pttit, or vmsll, when applktl to tbe innjeBtlc
ftud £OiotnsiidlHg pvrfton of Wubluston, produced ah effvet u|)od the rlsl-

Mh^Zfy

bic faculties of all present not to be described. The f rencbinnn. Kov-
emed b> the rlj^ld eltigticlte of ttie nnfifn rtsfime, cODtrolled thvlr mirth ns
l>est Lhcy could ; but onr own Jolly Knox, regnrdlvXH of all nilcs, l)inj(bcd.
and Ihfit aloud, till hU fnt <>ldes shook nitHlu." *

The fleet of Count do Grasse comprised the rullowiiig ve»-

• CmiU'i ILmallnctlana, p. tW.

OUR FRENCH AIXIES.

411

VES8KLS.

KO. GUNS.

CAPTAINS.

Vilic de Paris,
A ugaste, ,

Langucctoc,

Sceptre,

Ralnt Esprit;, •

C^sar,

Destin,

Vlctolre, .

Northumberland,

Palmier,

Pluton.

Marsoillals,

Bourgogne,

mnicM, .

DladeiDG,

Cnlon,

CItoyen,

Sclplon,

Magnanlme,

Hercule,

Z^I6, .

Hector,

SoureralD,

Glorieux, .

Valllnnt,

Solitaire, .

Triton,

Experiment,

104
80

80

80
80
74
74
74
74
74
74
7*
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
70
64
64
60

/ De Grasse, Lleutenant-General.
I. Ue Vautflrault, Major de I'Armie.
f De BougalDvlUe, Chef d'Escadre.
\ Castellan.

I De Montell, Chef d'Escadre.
\ Duplessla Parscau.

De Vaudreuil.

De Chnbert.

Corlolls d*E!iplnoQse.

Diimaltz de Golmpy.

D*Alberc Saint- Hyppollte.

De BrlquevUle.

D'Arros d'Argelos.

D'Albert de RIons.

De Castellanc de Hasjastre.

De Charltte.

ClllartdeSuvIlle.

De Monteclerc.

De Framond.

D'Ethy.

De Clavel.

Le B^gue.

De Turpin de Breuil.

De Grus Priville.

Renaud d'Aleln.".

De Glnnedevf'S.

D'Riicars.

Chevalier Bernard de Marlgny.

De CIci Champion.

Brun de Boades.

The fleet (if Admiral do Barrns numbered fourteen vessels,
— with a few exceptions the same that M. Destouches had
commanded and turned over to him. Among these waa the

JpTTfK/T'^**^

418

RHODE ISLAND IN THB RBVOLCTIOK.

" Ilenutoue," CaptBin Do la Toucho, which had gained on
honorable repiiUiion.

The appix»ach of Washington imd Rochambeau to Wil-
liainf<bu)-;Lr* and the i-cception given them on their arrival, uro
tims related hy Colonel Kichard Butler:

"i;8i.

"St'jilemlwr nth. Ahont S o'clock an txprcu nrrlr«I. annpnnrlnc Hie
nppronch of our urcnt nuil gottd roiuii>itii(ler-la<Chlvr. Oeiicnil Wastiitij;-
tOB, nU() tlir Cotmt de Itcmliniiilit'itu, tlio cotnntniiiWr oT (Ik- nUK'il jirfiil««
or Fniiiri', iioir JiilniriK. Al i I'. 51., llie {{tins flrwd n royal saliitu-, »% Uie
GfinTnl ii|ip<rc)iiche(l the ciiiip, on which the iwo urmlvB turiicU union
thvlr hatuilloii iinmdex. Ills HsL-i-Ilfiify and the Count tie lEorliiiiuliean,
wllh their .-tiilLos, BttonilL'd by the MArciiiU dc Laffiyettc. Miijor-Orncrnl
and conimnmlor or the AiiktIchci, ami Miijor-ticm-ral MitrqiiK dc Si.
Billion, riiitiiniindvr ortltv atliect army, (latolTDrrii-«d,} and nil tlH-ir Millr*.
vljillfd llie allied army flr»l, and th*-ii tht Anierk'nii army, and wen? unluled
ocGordlii;; to ciihIoiii. Thcsf cL-rciiiunics flnlshud, Uiu w'l]ol« of the offi-
cers ur till' Fri'iich army attended at Lhe MartiiiLf de St. SImoti'K quartcr»,
and were liiliM<lnc4^d to the llhiMtrioim Hern. The Ilcltl olTlcrrs or the
Aineriran army nil attended to bid him and the other Uoiierah welcome.
These corcmonh-s ovpr. an eli-fmnt «ii|>|ii'r \\&x wrvcd up, ftiid the rullowlDg
^u-at pcrmiiiM^i-s Hiitipcd IfigL-llKT, ill tht.' nlmoHt tinniioiiy tiitil h!i[t|iiM<'Ba,
vIr. : lli.4 Exci-lk-ncy Ihe Count de Roehamhenii, comiiiaiuler ul the allied
army; M^iorOvucral Mnnjuls dt- LaRtyt-Uo. couuimndrr of Ihu nrmy la
Vlm^lulti; MnJor-OeiiLTal MarqtilH dc St. Shnon. conunaiider of the Hilled
aniiy In Vir::lnla; Major-ricnornl Ilnron de Su-iilien, Inditcctor-Ufnernl of
the Anii.Ti<-«iii iinny: OoiiniUumaA, <,an ufflcer of distinction In the Kreiicta
Quards. aiu) ttnc of llie aldo.<i of rCoclntTnhrnu) ; Cuunl ili: Damds, another
of JiSst iiIili-.-i; Coiiiil , aide to Mnrxjiild de St, Simon; Itri^iullcr*

General HhiiilI Adjiitant-Gen?nil of the Amei lean army ; (,'iili>iiel« Uotler
oud Stewart, uf l*enu«ylvuulii: Coloml Trumbull, His ExcllL-iicy's Sec-
retary; nuloncl C»hh, one of his aides; Mtiitenatit-ColDiiel Smith,
another of IiIk nidesi with a number of other ofBcers; slito Colonel
i commanding the Kt-Klmcut Catlnais. and many oUier Colniiels and

IJeiilt!nnni-('<iIiitt(-lsi, and other olticer* of the allied xrniy. To add to the
liiippliiGss of the cteut unci cveiilns, uu ele;;aQt band of luuxle pinyed an
liiLroducihe part of ii French opt-m. Fi;;iii0.ln2 the hnppl»«.*ii of ihc ftm-
lly, whim IdeKMvl vrllh Lhu presence of their fitthtT, and ibelr lErnnt di-p<-nil-
enee (jpnin liliii. About l(i o'clock the company rose np, and nlti-r mulnal
oongratnlation* and the greaiMt expreiMlon of Joy, they M-pArated."*

■Uutl>r'( Jniirtinl, Colond ftlelianl lluilrr. «iic eommandrd ■ rrna>rltinla r^ilinnt
brfarc Vorkt'JKll, unit C'»1"i»-1 SirrHarl, al>i> at IVliR>)liantN, m-rc llic 11 nl Ewn Aliirrltan
ofllcira dint rrwlvril " and took tlii> HKn|iilt ilv Si. Simon and all at hUofllem bj iha
tuuid, M tb«7 landed at Colonel UurrHr* on tlw OoacU."

OUR FBENCH ALLIES.

418

With no less wnrmth thnn that shuwii by General Wash-
ington <iid the patriotic Governor of Virginia, Thomas Nel-
son, Jr., weluoniB llie Count dc (irosse* unit the hiiul rc-on-
faroemcnts hn)nght by him. While ihc troujis were Iwing
landed at Jamestown, ho addros^ed a letter to the Count,
conpntulating him on his ettfo arrival, and acknoM-leOging
" tliis signal pi-oof of the attention of our great and gener-
ous ally." He said :

"An arinimAntflo powerruland oompcUMii lo cv«ry porpns*. will not
only give n rurltitinlc turn lo our lulMury operations, but will convince
tliv iucrvOuloiJiii autl <llKaflc-oti.-d nlio may Mill hirk iiu)Oii;:?>l tis, (tint Ills
Musi Christian Muji'^ity U both slnrerdy ilcU.'riiiloL^I, and I^lty ut>le. to

• rnincl* -lo^rpii i'buI iIp lira***- Itoutillc. I'lmrn (l« Gmwc M>niul* ilo Tilly, -m of
ynSfObltptirmMr-ltoUTltli-, MnfinU ilr LitA«M. > r»ptnlii in the Nrnir. WM tivftt la t7A
Ha ralMMl ihii Krvnrh iii»»r. »'"1 In '^'l win < •pUin uf lit* ■' lt»)iiia[v, :t" in wtilrh tc«.
tvl li* I<i0k pftrt In llw Fnmitetavnt olT tPiiFBtaiil lb Jnlri ir>. Id I7rv, h« wn* Comiuo-
Jorr of fdur »lil|n cif titr Itnc In ii^tlic miiIcv. II« wm nlili D'^BlaSng 1 1 iiv nmiMiiPi
■BBlnat i;fvll«i1iiiiii>l In tlir ttrgriyf ftiyanmi^t. iTr nRprwiinii 'liillii|(ulilii->l li.i>ii.riri« llw
H'mi !•(])», (ITM);. Tbi- hiuf raliM lilni lo rliP rank itf Adnltnl, aiKt JT* u btin :ljr ooa-
mitnil of tlir Writ IucIIk Ri-pt. wlilrli luid t>Fi>ii under irKalilnfi and tiitkiicn. — itn ncI llwt
BwnkrimI ilLfrrlliig lowitnU lilm In mniir nnvnl vmrcr*. (.>■)•' «C(x>Linl ■■;>, r^iBt iin
ftblalliMl tlili romnuiiicl " bf h\i tnlilKUi* d1 c>niil," «rBilli- aunihrr i>t*Ir«, lliul tic rvlDt-
Ijuiltj «cri7ittHl It, miii >1!>1 miiimIji wlit-n "lln- Klii(j <t»l>1>->l fu lii-iiijj nix-yMl." AftiT ll»
Mpiun' of Yorltiowfi, tie (inivt ww cninunl In twIou* nnvat oprrvilani unlit cnjiiurcd
hj Ailiiiiral IIiKlnv^, April U. ]7fi. Pivta liiU time hv Tr\] tuto Aittarin wilii llw hin|c,
Mild lliiiiij;)i fK nil (in I I'll from l>liinic (tor llic rvtull* uf tlmi action, In* iwivr oitalii i-iiipiKVil
In utWv Knln-. Ilr i1lnl Janunir H, ]7(K A [^rrvch nuiriilmc liiiiorliui (Guirln) nun
ur Itlm, " UmTr and rihhI s> n Caiilahi of n ■lilp, the Tuunt dp (inn'c iirai an rmkairraaa.
iBf ComniwlDrT. and a ullli morv lll-Mamd A<lnilnil." WMlilaRiap, la a teiiiiT to Ooani
do Koetuuiitiraii, 'praliii uf hln ki<'niir gallant rnarijnlor In Ihoplnrv of t'amiralUa,"
and aionc nliow luiniK "«rtU br king di-wnnilj drar la ilili oountrf. on »ocaunt of hla
*uc«M-Hrutrotl|>rralinn In Ut* Itanni-r 0(n|>aiKn of IX.**

Count Av linLur wa» nurrli^ tlin« llni*-*. ilf liU Ur*! wirr, li« hod lix clilldrcn, who,
iluitl^ tin' Kn-nrli ItrrnJiitbia.cnnH- an pxIIi-* la iV I'nllcd SibIm. Of tbeihufrtitcn, wbo
lUrti fur B tlRir In ^Hltin, Xapr., (he laic Kvt. Wtlilniu l:Ifnlliri', It. U., taulor uf lli« Ka*t
Ciiuroli in Dial luwn. made In lilt diary Ihr fullnwinR n-riird :

"inu, Ki-b-'.'l. Wr(itpaovrlUI«il»rurtlii'(liuijtlii(-rkarCounlili>Gr*Nv,iuuiH<l Amclta
tlaxtina ItiMnlla UnuM, .luMlna Adt-liili' 11iixlin& (iinMr, U^lAaliia Vrronlra Maxima
Unuw. Sjhia Alruinilritia MbkIhib (innHp. Tli<>y iirHvnl IWhh Kraiioc il UmUiu ■litly 7.
I>t. unit liuvuditccllKHlal llilaTuwti, ciikllv >" K-'brniun'ii, ami lulvlyal Col. lickman'a
llaiiic udJululDji to hii uiaiMJAn. llirg' linvi- hrtiavrd vHI.'

Hbrlded *od, AlrxaniliT PrNn^i* Annate Hum illi-,C'iiun( dp CtraMf.Mariinl* dr Tlllf ,
ma BMW, by Out g^itmmfin, KnirlriM'r of (jf^jriEln and liitr Carolina*, wtillv u[i»ii til* lU-
Irra wa* Mtlird a pmslun of •Io.^m) a )i-ar,"a filliiia reinm la ih« ihoiUy uf om Who
■wngnfpd lilt prliBlv «TBir> lo enablv hlai In carry lu Wadilni^an tli« muiwjr hmsM tor
lb* vmv.''—tiilrtMluetion to (JontrenctMrCi Jcurtial.p- X3.

T1ir VMiinjii^t iltlrr, S^lrla. <tb* niarrlrd lo M. FranirU i1« I'uu, and dk<l In Near Yott,
Janoarj i, MU, ajtDilvlKtiljtlirtortwr^ laaTlnKtwaaoni bikI l)i« dniigtitcr*.

414

Bnone islani* in tiie ukvolltion.

ttupport the American Tnlted States tn vlndlcRtlag their righu onA nala-
talnlng tbclr Indi^prnrtc-ncc. Iiwill he my grcntcut happiness to coiitribHi*
erory Uiiiig in nty poiwr low»Ms tlic upcidy ntiO Hucci-s^fijl nfr«impllsli-
lucot of till: olijccl we have In view, nud to ivnder Idc itcrvice lu thtft
Rtale ngrpmblc to Uie oUJccru tiiii] ineu of Uln Most Chrfatllaii M^cstjr'*
Rtfot snd itnny.'**

Both before and after the arrival of the continental and
French tru»ps under U'lishinglon and Iiochuut)M>aii, gi'^at
diiliculty was cxporiciit-od in procuring pivjvisions in suffi-
cient quantities lo suppi}' the diiil,v ueeds of so large a Iwily
of nken. Tiii» is shown by letters written Iiy the Governor
to vurtniis officials, urging them to exert themselves to the
iitniogt, *■ to provide forage or provisions for the nrniy." In
aid of this ol»ject, be issued a proeliinmtion, "laying an
emliiirgo on provisions, vijt. : on all heef, |>ork, Ixicon, wheat,
Indian corn, pensc, or oilier grain, or Hour, or meal, made
of the same," and prohibiting "all mariners, masters and
commanders of veoseU, and all i>ersons whatsoever within
this Htatef from loading on bojiitl any vessel for exporta-
tion, and I'ntm eX|K>rting nil or any of the above sjn'L-Jes of
pi'ovitiioni!, by hind or hy water," under penalties, until lh«
aforesaid shouhl he repealed.}

Under date of ''Williamsburg, September 14, 17HI, 0
o'clock, P. M.,"tho Governor wrote to thy Honorable D.
Jameson :

■* His Excellency Ct«ncRLl WaHhlugtoii nrtived licro nlioDt twu bouni »go.
The Hrst (IIvIhIoii of IiIk amy \it coming (\owa the hay, and may bo
expected cvcty moment. A very little time will now tlctiTniiiic Iho Me
or Vork, ami willt U pruhobly IbaL of the routliietit. Bui ivliat exertions
will It reijitirv In MHt»lHt jiroperly mi f^rriit iiii nriiiy? I rt'i-l the uLuiust
anxiety on llils account, aud cuiinol forbesir, thougli I rid perBinulvd It b
needless, pres'lng you to ur{;e ltj« ^'reatvxt and most iiiiretiilttcd activity
aud liidualryuu every ollluoru'htiiti your rvucb, wliusv bu&Liii-sH It h lopro*

• •'In nil humui probBlf[IK3',l^rd CornwaMi* hu ncorly llnlilied liis emitft, and WtU

(hurt If rFiTltr lila rwird." — ytlton lo Garrr^irr Lte.

"XliL* mo'i'viueut, in all human tirgbafrlJIlri «ufurv« a* luoecM In llib laartcr."— .VtiMN
fo fimerai Qrttml.
t VIrtlula. 1 l*Bb. Va. nirt. Boe., Kew Soriea, Ko. I, t87t, p. If.

OUE FRENCH AI.UE8.

415

vide fomge or provlfttoDa for the army. Bct-f, flour, com. and the means
or trnnHportntkjii, iiliiitiltl be the prlm^lpal objects of Kttontiun and th^
country cnnnut '.-i^iiMurv any fiicouritjjatiieiit ntiicb Im yivep tu those wN>
will lend ttiolr aid ou tbis occtLslon. "

To several othom ho wrote with great earnestness :

" Tlie very largie supply oT provisions iit'ci.-8sarj fttr llie anunraenl lAl«1jr
arrived, and Cor the troops expected (Voni the northward, require llic mott
vijCoroiiK and u»rL>iiilltiii({ exertlonn."

'* I lic'ii llial yon wDl have nil tlio Hour you can procure «t Port RoyBll,
or In any part olCarnline or tite adjiinent country, sent In veesols rDDod
tnlo I'l^tnkatnnk wIlli all possiltk' (tcspatch."

"The great want of floiir imd men) In the army require* that every pos-
sible iiietU'UTv bu adopted lo pt'ocure HuppUvs, autl ibat perions of Influ-
ence aud acllvHy enKa);c hi tliiN bu^tiieas."

"I arrlveil yesl«r(lBy In camp, mid round the greatest tllfltreas prwull-
Ing for want of Aonr and meal."

The Atlniit'ul evinced a disposition to eo-o]>erut« to the
extent of his power. It appeara, however, that from nuval
considerations, he suhstc-tniently proposed to leave six ves-
sels in siipport of the hind forres, and to eniphiy tlic rest of
hm fleet at sea* where be might meet the enemy's naval
aiiuanient at more advantage in any attempt on his part to
force an entrance oi'the paaBUja;o,to succor Coniwallis. The
intelligence that the Briti^sh Ailmiral Dighy had just arrived
at New York, with six ships, rendered tbis movement, in the
judgment of Washington and Kochanihcau. unwise ; and
through the intervention of I^rfifayotte, it was atiandoncd by
the French Admiral, who "agreed fo remain within the
Capes, and hlockado the Bay during the siege."*

• OpomtiMi of tbc inCMili lloel, pp. tiC-lt«.

416

KHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

YOBKTOffiN.

^[S'ORKTOWN is pleasantly siUiale.1 o» a high blutT of
^"y storie marl, on the south siiie of York Itivcr, iibtHit
twelve niilc'8 from its entnmco iuto the Chesapeake I}ay,an<l
is llie bJiiro town of York county. It is twelve miles from
WillinmslMirg, thirty-throe from Norfolk, and seventy froDi
Richmond. The toxvn wiis settled in 1705, and as o [*ort of
entry, it was for many years a place of husinosa inijrartance.
A Ctistotn Hoiide U still maintained here, but for want of
&ci3itJos for communicating with the interior coimtry, busi-
•ne.s8 has mostly been withdniwn to ports more favorably eit-
tiated. The principal street of the town is alwiit one fourth
of a milo in length. Conspieiious amonsr the bnildings is
the briirk mansion, onec the home of Governor Thomas Nel-
son, Jr. lie was a large land-boldor. The mnns>iou is in
the Engli»h atylc of 171.3, with eornera of hewn stone. It has
four rooms on a floor, with bnge halls between. The ndjaceni
oiit-buildings, ocenpied by servants, must have given to the
premises, in their best days, a decidedly aristocratic appear-
ance. Another relic- of interest is the priglual brick Custom
Ilonse biiildin*^, at present occupied as n grocery store. Its
unique arehiteetuiv will at once attract the eye of a stranger,
but to what order it b«K»ngs, he may lind it difficult to deter-
mine. Two other buildings worthy of note are a brick
Court Ilouse, and a smnll EpiMropal Church, built, in 1«48,
on the site of the original house of worship, creclwl iu
1705." It stands upon a high bluff, and within an enclosed

**niU l» llw jIbIp Kifpii by ■ credible autliorily. 8t»Tim«' " Torktawn Cealpunliil lT«nd-
book " Mj**, the ohuirli viui crvcied In VVt. l'h« taniD aDtliarltT mt* It *■• burvfl In
IHt^. sn>) rebuilt In 1M!<. "[HirliiK tlir Uirtiarjlir flour aixl niof wrrr lOf n upibul owing
to Uw dfitrla of Uf. Aiplnvrall, tUr vhunili hu burn r^pklred."

1

OUR FREXCn ALLIES.

417

"God's acre," from which an extensive and h picturesque pros-
pect is (>lil]<inc<l. In this ground are Ihe tumbs of several
IKTsons once eminent rtn<l influential in local iind State
affairs. Here, ulso, are llic tombs of Tliunms Nelson, Sec-
rotary of tJie ancient Virginia Council, and of his son Wil-
liam, President of the same Itody. The Nelson totuba are
olnl)« lately ornamenlcd, one ivitb the family arms in /!«#-
ntiff'. TImt of Sccretai-y Nelson Iieai-s a Ltitin inscription.
Xear by, in an uimiarked g-ruve, lie (he remains of (seneml
[Oovernor] Thomas Nelson, Jr., of whom mention has
ulrciuly been made, and concerning nbom more uill hore-
al\cr be said.

When I visited this spot, in 1881, the sevei-al tombs and
graves within the enclosure tliowcd j>igiis of previuus neg-
lect, ot the etjecls tif wiir, and of the viiiidalisni of relic
hunters.

The plnteau on which VorktoMii stands is hemmed in by
deep ravines, with Worniley Creek on the east. «nd on the
west byan inlet, intowhicli Hows a small stream. Beyond the
ravines and the swnnipy land, which take n eemi-circrnlar form,
lbs the "Temple Farm," receiving its name from a temple
for worship, anciently built iii)Oii it, of w]\\vh few relics
remain. The farm consists of tive hundred u;;res. The
land is level, and the soil is light. On its northcni boi*der,
not far from the Vurk river, stands the historic ".Moore
House," — n neat cottage, with donuer windows.

In 1781, Yorktown contained nbont sixty dwellings, with a
population not exceeding four Imndred. In 18J*I, the houses
numbered about fort3*,and the inhabitants were estimated to
bo not far from three hundred. A recent plan for opening
niilroiid connections wiih liichniond, ami with other parts of
the State, will sen-e, it Is thought, if can-ied into effect, to
revive trade, and to attract euluqtrisc and capital within its
precincts.

68

418

RHODE ISLAM) IN THE BEVOLCTION.

THE SIEGE.

CORNWALLIS OCCUPIES YORKTOWN ASD GLODCESTER.—
WASnnfGTON AT WILUAMSnt'ItG— TIIF. AMERICAS AND
FIlKNXn ARMIES INVEST YtJRKTtJWN. — SriiJTARY TALKST
VLAN or THE SIEGE.-SIEGE OPENED.-THE NELSON MAS-
BIOS BHEI,LED.-CORSWAI.LlS DRIVEN FROM HIS gi: \R-
TER5. - THE C0RN\VALLI8 CAVE. - WASHINGTON'S FIRST
NIOUT AT THE KUONT.—HOSriTALS.-SORTlE. — ANECDOTE
OF STEUHEN.-UEDIU'BTS STuRMElt.- SKETCH OF GENERAL
NELSON.— ASSAULT OF THE ENEMYS >VORKS. - CAITAIS
OLNEV WOUNI)Ei>.

HEN Cornuallis evacuated Portftmoiilh, on the
24th of September, 1781, to occupy Yoiktown,
as a more tcnnhlr position, ho auticipalcd nn cnrly iissaiilt
upon bis pojit, and commenced nl once to fortifv it." "His
line of works, wliich conipletel}' siirroundcd ilie villii^ of
Ynrlilown, consistwl of seven redonhts and six lotteries
on the land side, connected l»y entrenchments; n line of
batteries on the river bunk, L-ouimunding the channel ; seven
redotilits on the ontworks, and some tield works at a com*
municalhig distance to iniiicde the approach of the enemy.
A line of hitrcnchniciits was also extended across the pcniu-
8»la in the rear of Gloucester." It was a striking coinci-
dence, that, in the "Great Rolwllioii" of 18Ul-()5, eighty-ono
years after, Genersl Nriigrndcr, regarding Yorktown as an
iuii)urtanL strsite^^ic point, should have fortified it in a similar
manner ; In some instances rchuildinr; the remains of tlie
defences thrown nj) hy Comwallis. Uut, as in the case of
the British (.'onmiinulor-in-Cliief, he was imahlo fiucccssfully
to hold the positions against the forces of besiegers.

•Anlf. l>. itA-

\

OUtt FUBNCIl ALLIES.

419

Whon General Greouo liiid been iiiformetl of the Hituation
of lib LonL^iiip, iit Voiklown, lie wrate )n Rnroii g(eiil>en :
" Xotliin*^ f«n save CornivalIi>i hnt a iiipi<l retreat Ihifuigh
Nortli Ciiroliuu to ClmrluKtuii." Coniwallis was evkit-utly
sensible of his prcmriniiK c{niilitioii,)ind wrote to Sir Henry
Clinton: "If I had no hopes (if relief, I would rather risk
nn HCtion, timii clefciul U),v lialf-lMii!>]icd works, lint ns you
soy Ailniind l>i^l>>' is liiiurli,' expeetetl, nnd liitve piouiised
exertions to assist mo, I do not think myself ju»lifiaUe In
putting (liu fate of the war upon so dcspernto an iLltunipt."

The Pliiliidclphia Ftvcma-ion's Journal of Octoher 11,
1781, pnMi»hc<l the followiug amusing veisilication of the
supposed contents of His Lordsliip';* cuutinunicalion to Sir
Hcni'y* under the title of

"Ah ErisTLK fmcx Lonu Cor^wallu to Sm HRitRr Cuxrox,"

" From <'lniMl« oT urtuikp. ami niirrie» IbBt roiiinl mo gluw,
To j'uti. dear ('lliilon, I dUclose my woe;
Here ciiiinnn^ flHt>h, humbs Klnace, nad bullets fly ;
Nul ^iiliia'fi Bvlt I'Uilurcs such iniHcry,
WxH I rorf-dooinfd.lllie Koriih, to oxpiro,
Ilnrrri to prnlltion hi a bliizc oT flrf?
Willi Kifsc Itlue Oninps enu mortal mnn conU-nd?
Whnt nriri!i r.iiii *U\ iiif!, or nli:it tvntl.t ilrfl-iid?
Evni U> Itit^sv gaitf* Inxt niglit n iilintiUim »tro<l«.
Ami tnitk-d mv, ti'cinljliii^, to Ills i\ni\ aUo^le;
Asliust I st-iod, Biruck iiiutluuk-ss niid dirttib,
Sel2vd with Ihe linrruni at ibu wurlil to cotuc.
yVrrtt but Hiy power as mJality as iny raav.
Ffir dttfcrint buttles would CotbwiiIIIb wngc!
Beiaatli liU svvonl yon thrcnlcnlng ho^ts should groan,
Tlir r>tTtti -should quHku with llitiiidifDi all bin own ;
O crotinJik-: tiud t iliy flinty hldo,
SwiinU ut ik'fy, mid ;:lniicc- tby balN nsktv.
By my own puwci's would I roiit Itiu (of.
With my own Javelin wniild I work tlwlr won;
But futo a ovcrft«. And hcavfto's itnp''*''!'^ dcrree
Ilclt'-t Acrpeiit furtucd more excc.-ll«iil limn mc.
llitH hc'Bieii Id »t<en;t, I'or HOiiie vrhue dct-rct'd,
TliRt I :<!i'>iild outTpr* nuU my soUllvm hic-ed!'
Or b It bj the Jealuu» akles couc«ttk'd,

430

BHODE ISLAND IN TBE REVOLVTIOS.

TliHt I uiDAt bend, and tttey Igimbly yivUl?

Ah! no.— thr lliuuulit o'urtkbelinii my noul vvltlt grkf,-

Couic, boltl Sir Uarr)'i comu lu my r^-tler;

Ctmiv Lhou, briLVu man, whom rubvl's loij)b»loiii»* rn]l

Hut Brltori*s grovus,— cuinu l)l^iiy> OevH and all;

Come rrlonilly Wlllliim. with thjr putviii ild,

Can Ocorsr's blooil hy Freiirlimcn Iw cIlRmaycd?

From « Klii^'ii brolhrr ouce Scwla i-chcls mil.

And sli.tll not t)ii^<^ l>K muted bj a aun j*

Cuine vviili your !>blp« to tliU dinniitroua tthore,

Come, or I sink, - nnd altik to rbc do moru ;

It/ every inutivu ihut truti i<iviiy the bnive,

Hiiiilc, nnil my rui.4ile, ruliitln;; army Hnve-.

Coiu«, Hiid lost emiilfo nVr lUc fliH'ii rcjjaln, '

Cliosllne these up»tiirCs tliat n^urp llio muIi);

1 sev llieir tlrtl ruie» to ttiv dim;;? advance,

I Mc lo-it Iri^ tvuarti lliu na^a uf Fniiiuc;

TlR're a strict ink ilii'^ wftki-rul Frwncliman kcepH:

There, uudistnrbcd hy do»<), Lurd llaiTdon »ile«p»I

Tir'«l wtLli Lnnft nctln;! i»i tliia blocnly iila;;c,

Sick oT tb« rulllp*. of a » mngllii}; agi',—

Come ultli yourtleel. and help mo to ivtlre

Tu BrUiilii'fi L-oiut. (lie luiiil uf uiy de^lro, —

For nit- thf foe tht-lr rcrlJiIn captive ilvcui.

And every «chonl-hoy tnkt's ine for bl.t Itiemi*, —

Long, much too long. Iih<< tlils bard sL-rvlcc trycd,

Iti-i^piitlitrtMl nliti, bodi-vil'i) nnd Ih-I/M,

IVitb tliv flnt L-hniice lUnt rarorlnx ruiiiin« sends

VU fly, converteit, from this land of l)end«;

Tlivu, llkv Durdfoyiic. a« roi-tunuti- at kiLtl.

Slip on tbti eurpllce, and be diihhctl a priest.**

Buran Sleiiben wrote : "CornwuIIis U furLifyinj; hiine^ulf
like a Imivc General who must fiill ; but T think he tvill fHll
with honor."

Tlio Brilti^h Gunenil whlidfcw fi-otu bia outer-works, and
retircil within the (own. This was thought to be an indica-
tion ol" hi.s intention to itbHndun Vorktown, «ntl to cscnpe
hy the way of West Point. But wliatever n\ay hjivc been
his ulterior desigD, he was rut>tralncd from tuuktug the
iittuinpt by the exjicftntion oF cai'Iy snccor. In thiit expec-
tation ho wild (loomcU to di imp point ment. The hoped for
supports tailed to reach him.

OVR FRENCH ALUES.

421

When Washington nnivcd at Williamsburg, he wna
received (no doiilit with wiirmth) liy I-iifayettc iit liis head-
qiiai-lers. IIci-c SI. HIanchiird foiiniJ him, with the Cht'valicr
dc Chustc-llux, and Guiieriil Korbnmbeau. all of ii'honi had
ichcd tho town in iidvance of thtt nmiy. According to
the anthni'ity of K. A. Urock, Ksq., who has carefully itives-
tif^attid the subject, Wnshint^ton's headquarters were in the
"six-chimney house," now Ihc site of tho KaKtcm Lunatic
Asyhun.* The " Yoiklown Centenniiil Hiindliook" assigns
"tho Wythe house." Btiinding on the Pahice Given, as his
fjuarterji.t The two statcniontu may he i-eronvilod on the
suppositiott, that Lwfiiyette nmde the \^'ythe house his head-
qunrtci-8, iitid there roKcived Waahinj^on ; and tliat aflei-
■wanls, Washington went to tho six-chimney house, and
remained there until his iirmy moved.

Two days at Williamsbiirg, for rest, stiffircd the American
and French troops. On the 27lh of September. Wm-hing-
ton issued an order of battle, and on the 28th. the entire
combined army was put in motion, to test iU slrcnglh with
Comwiillis, at Yoiklown, — Washington being in supreme
command. Tlie troops. 15,000 or 1(),000 in number, were
in good heart, while in their commanders whs cout'ontratcd
BD array of military talent never before seen in Araeiica, and
in un army of similar nnml>ers, never mum excelled. Prom-
inent among ihc French allies, under Generut Itochamhonu,
were tho brothers Viomesnil, the brothers Dcux-PonU, the
Duke dc Luuznn, the Chevalier de la Aleth, the Jlanjuis
de Custine,J the Chevalier de Chastellux, Count Dillon,

■AntP, p. »<n. 1 naixllKwk. p. VS.

: .\ilaiii I'hilli)', (.'mini dc Oitllnr, wii* bom lii Mtii. Krbrunry i, ITM. Hi- riHrrnl Iho
VtoQcli Hrniy, anil uhminoi] ilkTtnvrloii In ili« M'vvii Vrun' Whj', Hf ««in« lo America
wllti KuehaiiilinLii, In oiminiind or I lie rpfliueul of iiftlnton^'- He terv^d Willi liooor In
llir tUff iif \i>riiti>nii, ■ml n'lilriiiiiK t» Kriuri', In ITW, recvlvcil til* ii)i[K)tuliupnl uf
Mur<H'lial<'lr riiii>|i. ThonKli uf nublv l>lrtlj. Iii.' JuIdpJ Ibc revoluilvuurr puny, ami vm
iippolDlf^l lioviTOiir of TouliMi,aU(l iJ>ifwa(tl*i-li'«lr(l lii-["<l) t" ■'■'' StalcB.lirurral bjr rb«
niiMIII; oT Ifiimtiic. Knim Id. rrlnti'iiia W llili clut*. Iir bvcaiun ■» ulrjecl oriuaplclun U
tlir lti-pu|jlkiiii hhhh.'*. liv irw, tic wua tiwdn 4:oiniiiiuidcr-lD<<:bl«r ortbc Frvacli ■rnijr OS
Iho iiOiipr tthhii-, ami mitiMriiuruilx luul uuninwiKl af llic iiarllicm atmy. Nonllfliy ti> him
wm> »lrr|>lrt!. iitxl aiTUsi-d uf liriuoii. lir wa* nmOirtiuml lo ilpnlli, and ,\iif[u>l M, iruS,
W«*|tulUi>lliirj), iti-<.-lHrliix<t> llieliirl liii lojklcy Id IIic (iriudplc* b« BippUMMl.— [.Vtw Am.
Cmty. The Encg. Amerieanti JUft Iht tlrtapUatUiit »n tKt S7lk Aitg.] A few mgnlba
Mncr, hb aoa expcricucBiI ■ •imUar Jmiui.

422

ItnODE I8LAKD IN THE REVOLUTION.

Coimt Fensen, CoiiDt Dunins. M. tie C'lioiiiy. General
Wecdoii. Cftiint Diiuihs, Miirquia de St. Miitinc, Visiwunt
do Xoiiillos, M. DesandrouiiiJ*, tlie ^fmriiMs ile I^iivnl Mont-
luoretic-i, tlic Muniuiti de St. Simon, .M. Fleiiry, Vihcoiiut
Clmrhis, M. De KeviHe, M. Bertbicr, M. d'AIioville, M. do
Qiieienet, Itarim de Closen, and a score of o(bei'« not less
dibtin<;i]i^hcd.

Ill the American iirmy, commanded by Wiwhington, wore
Lafiiyctte, Lint-oln, Steuben, Clinton, Knox, Hamilton, Wil-
liiims, iMulilciibur^. Ciuveniar Nelsun, liniid, DcHrbum,
Himtinjrton, Wnyne. Gimat, M. Dtiportail, Trumlnill, Giis-
kiDB, Oist, I'lcktriu^. .Stewart, Scamniell, (murdered l>y tbc
eueniy,) b"it*h, Gtilvim, Alexander, Tilglinian,('obb, Dabney,
Gibbs, Lamb, Lfliircns, Adania, Itoxburgh, Stevens, llnzni,
Hinn]>lirey!^. Licutenaut-C.'olQncl OIncy, uiid many others
ecjtiidly IiniVB and competent.

The comliined forces commenced their m.irch in single
colunm. They advanced to withiu about four mUes of
Yorktown, wheru the mad divided, each brunch leading to
the ^ceue of future action. Here the two armies separated,
the American Inking the right, and the French the left. On
the nijibi of the .^(Hh of September, Yorktown was com-
pletely invested. The line extended in a semi-circle to the
distance of two miles from the enemy's works, each wing
resting upon the York river. The disposition of the troops
was as fuJIowe :

i<',ft.— Ou the French excreme left were Ihe rvKirni-nbi of Ontlnol",
Tournlnu mul .ts^iiob, coiniiritfiiig nbout 3.S00 oDIcent buci nii-n, iiiidcr tbe
}[nri|iilN ik Sl Simon Ntst, on the right of thm«. i_lr/t efmrf.) wore ibe
rcgimcntH nr 83liiton;;c ami .Snlttftonmil:*. undrr VlcomU VioiiH'tJiiil; iL&d
ilio^o of Ufux-Poma And BourbonnoU, Qiidor tb« Unrun Vlamcflnlli tu
nil, about 2.UU0 olDcen and men.

C'tutre.—ln the rear of nil llio otliur troops w*re th« I'rcnch ■rlUlciy,
under AdjilUfit'OeiHTid, llic Count de Dem-l'oiils. and the Amrrirtin
Artillery, inidur Geiicrtil Knox, conshtiug of atjunl 'J<)0 men. In the rc^r

OUD FRENCH AU.IB3.

433

of tJM»e ircr« the headquarters of R»i:UiitulMaa ami W&kljlugton, tbe fof'
meritll^liUjr advauccd.

Itt'jhl C'flfm- Tlie (Irsti JUliiItm o( llic c<MilinculaI nrin.v, niidor Gvnoral
Baron Siwiibun, composed ot the rirsl brigade, Geui-ral Wayne, coiiipris-
tng two PuiiiiNyU'aiila anri two Marylancl regltneuts, aitd odd regiment
frnm Vlpghiln, Hvc in nil,

Jtight.—hi^ti lnr:tiitry corps, kDown »a the nccoati (liviNlon, nnder Gen-
eral tiiiriivotif. Thl- vixt itiaik' u|i nfGvii«rtil Mnhk-iittt>rK'!> bri;;ntl«, tom-
IiHaIiij; ;i Mii««ticlui>>ett« batlnli'iii, under Colvnrl Vw»e, ii liutUlioii utulcr
LicnU'tinnt-rnluiml Qliuai, aud a New Jersej- biiitalloit, uiidur Lieutenant-
ColitnL'] Iliirbcr; tliu M*c»i]d brif^Oe, Geiierjil lliizvii, corii)iri>lnK a Con-
iiertk'Ot ttiitlnllon. under Ooloiifl lluuiiLiifUiii. a New Voik bnltallon, nndcr
LleiiU'iintil-Oiiliiix-t tlaiDiltnn, a South L'nrolhiu. li.ilUilinii. iitider I.Uuten-
aiiUCittiiiiL'l Lnurt'n*, ami Hnwn** olt) Canadinn regiment.

/Xri-wr /?iy'i(.— Tlic lliird OIvUl'iii, under Gviieral Lincoln. cninprbinB
New Yurk suid Rhudu Island reglnii.'utj', two Nuw Jcrsi'j' lnLtlalluun, aud
Vfi-tnltih niHItla.

Bin lli« plan' on page 424, with nccaiupunying explana-
tions, M'ill perhiipfl pive the reader a cleiirer understniKling of
ihc exact position of ihe troopa.

■Thl* plan U • nnliicnl rupjr oT tKir origliml, racilalunl Id a oullrdkin af loap*, rncrart^
hj fraanit SlioIIii*. ai>'l piiblMir.! In l*till»iti-l]i)tln [n Dxi?, I7 C. V. W»yii», Ici Horompan/
" Miir>tiairt Lire or Wpublnnton. " ismral oiliir plan« oT tlic ticK<', AmnlniD, ttFiieh,
and hDfli'li.liiitt- bren pobnabnl.ull urnlilcli nfm- In llii- poillitinii iimI|^f<I to lli« Amrr-
Icsnunil Ki>-Tic1i trvoj >. The mod plalicintlo of ihrH'. fu nrlUrlp tuUli, U nn* prfjidrMl
from loiual turveT'i <> 'cw A»f adrr Ihit niim-nilrT, hj Knjar KcbairiliLii Duuoian, at Colo-
ni-l Lu-mii't New York »>cnnil r*Klini-iit ot ■nlllvrjr. Improciiliiiu from ihc oH)(inal jilAtF
aremiv. oiiv Iiprrifrvcd In thf wIlMilani »rtM Xtw Enflaad HUiot1».i.ipin«k'ttl»'«l
^ufU-lT. Thr Nvw Voil ani] l>pnn«>lrHiilii lli«torlralS«dHlMM«ll pOHCM a cop}-. The
Hiigiulnr of Anirrlf«n Itittor), (V>r Octulirr, IMI, rnniiilna a plan nf " Tbo ^Ir|;p of Turk-
(dwii. IP>), comvUt^ fron* >■" t'adcti, 1 LDtiilon, ]:t^l,; and ilie KtRBDll, (Amrrlcnn, i;bI,)
map', by l.lmlrnaiil L. V. Culan-. iccunJ miIIIit)-. Ir^l." HrunallV (ilnn <iin« ItiKribi-d
to Lafuyriir, tUiinian'* wa* ilrdtviilt-il 10 WailiinKtoii. Tlie fojiiiM w«» rvMcutlj cum-
pljnjrroinilirlaittr.

Ill Itie Maitairhir or Amprlmi lllitory Tor JutiP. l^tC, U |iub1i>li«I a urnlljr ilrann " I'lau
d'York rn V'l/iiuvr, b»pc ti-n nlloqurt k leu 4'>iuprm«ii« Art {"unuve, CaiiiMniv dp I'mncp
It (le I'AmiTlijiH." Il ia an lUuilrolinn of an atumrimnii manuacritA " iHary ot a Kn-cich
Uncor." liptltvcil lu Iw tile naroii CroEiioi ilu Ilourg. The innnitactliit. nu fuuiitl lii I'liil*.
aiKl (iiirrliaH-.l br lliv lute (.. >'ukc llarn*. K*q., t>t I'rovMcBcr. R. 1. Mr. tfarrla «oune-
iiu>ly Kranl'il iii llir iiutliir llirrn-ruicor Ibb aianti*orl|rt.

• 111 IT^I, Wllllnm F#deD publlkhad In l^nilon a plan or Ih* Milnmoe at ChrMlpe»k* Bajr.
wrltb Jaini-t and \\<Tt rt»w«. drawa by " an orBwr." (probably I^ncb,} ibowloc the pwl-
lion of Ihc llrllUlt Torcca at Ynrklaon aiiil liliiuivXi-r, llir poittlan of tlw Aaifrlcan anil
Frtneli tat\H under Omvnl Waahlnjteui and Ui« pgdlloii of Iba French dect aitdrr
L'OUIM 6d Ura«ft.

^^^^^^^V^4?4 RHODE ISLAXD IN THE REVOI.nTIOV. ^^^^H

W Giouocrrctt.

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tXl-LASATtOXa.

^^^^^1 H.~Mnoi*'i llvuM.

R. r,— ItojisI Di-iiK-1'oiil*. Ij.— l^alionrory. ^^^|

^^^^H b.-Frrncli Ih-pDt.

Ui.— Bmir)iiinni>U. Hm.— 11 aflMl m - ^^^|

^^^^^H r. ij.— riji-uii t^uunw.

B. V.--Diitun Vlumrniid. U. S.— (IpimtiI Kiinx- ^^^H

^^^^H ll^llKTOD

F. r.-KlcId vrtien BrlUrh ti. Ni-.-litiirol N*l*on- ^^H

^^^^H G. (1.— GrMiMl tiuftfd.

laid (ton II llii-lr ornk. R. I.-KlKxlr I-IawI. ^^H

^^^^^H T>. — Tounilni>.

F. A.-Ffpncli ATllUrry. N. J — Nrn Jtrirj. ^^H

^^^^H

A. U— A41utuitti<aMTKl. III. v.— »w Viirk. * ^^M

^^^^^1 A*.— A|t>}tioli.

Va.— rinlnln. G. L.—litnrral l.ln«uln. ^^H

^^^^^1 N-ft—itl. Simon.

»<it.-Mar>liii»I- A. H— Aai<-rinii llMpllal. ^^H

^^^^^1 i;.— (jiutnl.

rfl.-i>i'Dii»>i<»iii. r. ii--rrPDei>ii<»piiBt. ^^H

^^^^^M Sk.— tliaiDliMiXP.

A.'A.—ADiprlcmti AHllU-rj'. <j. U.— (|u«rl«'iiMk*<t«>Gta* ^^H

^^^^^H So — !*ol*)Miniiob.

Ar— ArtllkvT*-) oral. ^^^|

OUB FREKCH ALLIES.

435

The siege was conducted with g-ieat vigor nnd precision.
Tbo onlers of Barcm Sfeiilicn,* issued to Ike Amenoin
troops, were promptly obeyed. Tlie French forces wore
equally energetic. Both Americans and .illies ivere inccR-
(tntit in the work of openin<; entrcnehmcnttj, while redoubt:)
were quickly hntit, and parallels were rapidly adviinceil.
Under the cover of night, the men, with pickaxes and
spndea, mai-chcd noificlessly to the posts of lalior, and in
the moming, as if by mngic, there appeared to the anxioiiH
eye of the British Conimunder-lu-Chiof, and to the aston-
ished gOKC of hia siibordinatcfi, a now cvidonec of power and
skill.

On the fith of October, trenches were opened, and the
first parallel was cstublishcd within six hutidred ymvls of the
enemy's works, witb tbo loss of one officer of the French
artillery wounded, and of sixteen privates, killed orwounded.
On the Htb of October, the second pmallel was opened
within three hundred yards of tlie enemy's works. In this
inovciueut, on« man was killed and three or four men were
wounded.

• KrcilprJck WUllain, Unron de Slculitii, wii» b-jra nt 3ln|r4ct)urv, I'rimlu, >o»cnilicf i\
1730. Al lliir rurl}' »ci: ur ftiurteirii }i-ari>. Iif ciitiTrd liic arnij as n v«luii(i-<-r ijiKlcr 111*
lkth«r. nn i)fll«.-t ur rrvilrrtpk Ilir Orrul, l(e Ihw«iii« an ■Idr-ili-^iuiii) "t lUat Knnarcli,
■uJ bvld llie nnli of [.kui«nanl Cicni-niJ. At ftxrvM aaollltcor iimioii unilnnolnniciir*.
ptornt am} prut|vctt«r. iu tlic I'muUii am\j, \ir chdii', In ^T77, to Aiiirtin. anil ulTi-trJ
Itt* wrvln-f ■« n iwluulrrr lit tlic Amvrkan cniup. In 1~», ti« wmt appuliiti-J by Cuntnim*
]n«pci!tor'fiirapra1 trt thp army, with lliri- funk ot Mi^or.Hrnoali and ri-nilr-i«) an Invalu-
able (crvlcc hy Ihp prrjKtrallon nnil Inlmdiirrliin uf thp I'ruulaii aynlrm of inlllUirjtartlci,
lAntf,p. mil). Uf WHi with WulilnKion at Vtithy t'ofBc. nnd ToiikIiI In liir bnlllr vt
MnnnioiiUi. Ur di'lilitj'i-il limvttii nnd 'kllJ M tin- ^iriti' of Vaittivwii. Il<' oiut pnnrlll-
tou* 111 [hv ntiti>rvHiiii> ar ■■lilllari |im|iripiim, iiml )ilaln In lliv cKpiFMlon of hU oplnlona
and ftdlnitiwlivn niidiTFXcitt-iDtQi, Indcorlut at ijidm fMriuedn Kern exterior, he poa-
acnaml K iTCidrr anil grneniiiii licurl. Tli<? Ilanili, In cwmnHiu xllh othtT ufflccn. ■uflem)
maeh prltalluu Iu cuqi«<|1Ipiicv uf llir dt-prcvlalcd ralncorconUncfiCixlcurrvuvjr.BExlKt ttii
aloccaftticnitr, lie trn tin- itrinif (ini^r. IIUnillllaiT'atnldraiTcrC'AppiTcialril. Aiid |irorta1(Hl
wu iiuuli' (fix lili ruiura. Tba Matr nT S'«w .IprHiy |pit-o him n umall fuai, tlic li-Kl>tniure
or New YurkprcMnic-l him \Tiil) alNli-on ttiouund utm or vUi] land Iu tinolda enunly,
and t'nngrrii giunlril liliil an aiiiiiTitj' i>r (IVVIO. HvaHllvOnn hln wIM laiid, ami iu"(t m
ti>ntli |Hui lo liU all]*, Niirlli, l'(i|iliaiii mti) WaJkcr, aoit to bU •vrianii. II* |uuxv11rd aut
the FMt to twenty or thirty ii-uaiiii. lie died at lib hotar in t^ i mutton vlllr, >'. T.. Novriib
l)n 'M, 17M. A Life of the Haion, k; F. Uowmi. *m puljltxiii'i) In H|iarh*' Atticrlran Btog.
ntpky. Anollicr Life, by ¥t1r4rt6L Kmpp, mu pvblliilwd In K*« Yurie. In IfW. Id Dr.
Jaioe* Tlialclipf'a Mllltitry Jmirnal ma/br *r«rla aa tOtrrMllng tlirt«b oTthe BarocmrplaW
with characiBilitlc ancvdolei of lilni.

54

OUn PRKNCH ALUK8.

cause to hit that house, I will give you five guiiiens."" This
statement I received as authentic, while 1 was in Yorktown

■Thamu NetioD, .rr., wu Iho e1ilr*t •on »( nf " I'tvildrul " Wltllam NcImk, uiil w«a
horn tt Yurkloirti. DfrriDbrr Ifi, IT» Aftir hnrltiK bn>a ikuUt llir tulUa« oT the Ker.
WLMluiii YotM, of GloucMirr. ■n«ni-ar(U I'rctJdctit of William ■□<! M«ry ColJr j^. li« w*»
Miiti at tbe age at faurlrrn, lo KaglaiHl, to Diildi (lU *<(liii-klinu. rriiialiilnit K^rn yriu*.

Tliuniu WM fln* m lh« Mbaul nt Dr. A'ew'Min*^ at Ha^kpti}', ilim ai Kron ; KivduaifiiK
whli'llxlIaciKn at Trinliy Calif-K*. (^unbrUK>-. ao4 reioniinfl to Vlrclnlaln bit Knciily-

fit«Oiiil )rar. Wliilal oa tli>TU>ag*, bt mpMl to liU falbrr, lipttai rlrrli-il ■ iQrmlwf of

UicIIouinufBurgMnei. Hr umrrll^dt In lltK. Lucy tirriiw».<lngBlil"of riilll|> aiid Uai;
(JOodolpl)} GlTID«>,»r Uuldl<->ia. lie wa* aiuirlBttd In buainru with hU Utbn.tnm
ffhom at Iho dwath of Ihr Uiln Iv rporkiHl a [lorlloa of Jt40,0M

II* WM a member of lli« vuclnla (odtcqiIodi of 1771 and JTTa. and dltplayrd rxinonlU
n$rj bttlAuptm Id rrtUlliiK ItitlMi tjranny. Hr na* clrcFfd by tlin 4 'nnicnlian in Julf,
ITli, Colonel of tli« .SMond VlriclaU Itririnipni, which poit bf rvtlKDcd on b4-ln( cl««t«d to
the Contlnrnlal l.'itn^rrM ttip iwuic irar. Ili- mn a roaijilouvu* ttH-mhirr or thr CoBTMl-
UoD oT lITil, wliMi rmiiJLHj Ihr CodiiUiiUvu uf Virginia. Ilv wa* a rurnilirr of Ihe Com-
BilltM on Anicl«s of t'onfeclrrallon, and Jul; t. irrn. dcncd Iht IttcUraik-o of ludrp^o't-
tllM. Ib'i'ik-M fur uftlvF ■rnW In the ArM. he mljin*'' hia **at in CuDgirm, Slaj, 1777,
and in Anoint rullonliig wm n[>)>oli>m1 I'omniniidvr-In't'hkr of tli» HIale Con** nf Vlf.
(lala. llr <ooii aHrr nilMtl n tn'i>|> I'f ca«alt) tilth mhlch lir n-pMlird to Phlladrljfhla.
Kp*iimii))( Ml duttri In ilii> Vlrjitcila t>-£ts1aiurr. Iiv ttrunglj ujiptnpd llie prapoaltlon td
•r>|iiiMlra<e Urltloh pTO|>«rtT, vii tlit gtuund that It w«)ild Ik an uiiJuM rrlallallaii at iiatlte
Hraofca an prlvair toitli i>lu>I«. H( «ai nsahi clMird lu Oiincvix In KcbrMrr. ITTVk liut
t>aa obliged bf liull>;H>itlloti <>) n->t|iii lil* M-al. In Ha*, ti* wan cailtJ uiion to orfADlta
Uw 8iatf mllltla. a&il rrpcl an lutadlnr F3E|>iHii]laii of tiw eevmr. A loan of |3,n«\c«0
b«lDl caU«d for bj VlrgJuLa, in Junr, ITeii. mid lii Ikal prr1o4 af ctc*|H>ntkii«r ifd dUtruat
brluf dlfluull l» ubrain, <'i(-n«taJ Ni-lion, bf itnououi i-iiitrHviir* and an liU own jirriunal
•MDJlijr, mlM-d a largr purtlan of 11m ninnuiit. Hr oliw adiaiii^d foaiiej' to i>ar mo Vlr-
f InUt regliDcnU onlwrrd lo ^e iWiiTti, whlnli r«nMrd to luank nntU atrraragM due tUtm
ware palij.

[n (be Ilim crilfo^ hipivl at alTnlr*. u|ion lliR mleiiatlua uT Goreniior Jrffvrron, a milt-
larx CKFCOilTi- bt-li>£ ilntnL-d ■ nPrriiHiF, GcTirnl Nclauii was. June IS. ITS], rltCtrd to lUC
(wtl Ilim, oppiMliitf tn fn-t*ou trilh wlial liiUltla br cunid «<aiiiii>nnd. wKh tIrvplFM TtgllaDca
and untiring <^cTg7. Ibo rnrinj wlio wrrv rat ucliiff ilir f latr : nnlldpalinK tb* wanlt of
llu- •Enrlcv with aluguhu coni[v*liTU>l>'p fDr*r»il nnd u ^imrltlan wandrrful. in vii^w nf Iha
didkulilM vhkti btvtt bitu- H« KpulMtl. ai Harafll'a t'mj, Cw Iraliar Anudd, on itlJ
Banaitliignpolittou auilgair hlaipurauil.

TIm waecrtt at Gonriiar NrlMin In fiPgniiJiluK, niiilpiilnji nud provliliiif wa« Iwc^li'
AuthercU bytbo abllltr«tii1 ataJ of (.'uJwdvI >«'llUiiai L>atlri, ^a aoDoT tlip |i1ati>!iainual
Davk*. known a* » tlir Ariu*llr ut VtttbjtninxtUai In Vltghila,-> who Oiled tlie olB» of
"Coianiti>ioB«r or Vfnt " fur I'lr .«Iai*, « jwix wlilcb Mmblnvd a pruvloM and loopc of
duUei anal^DOiu to tlio«u uT a Si.'irc(iti7or tVir andof ICav)' Mvt-rallr-

UcDrnl>'clM)naldi-iI lu thr ri'iliirtl'iii nf Vorkliiwn. wtn-n' lir MB* In commiuid of i/AU
nlUlIa, nUcd lu ihe Wwr vottuMvt. llu ii-r<i«-* w«tv liigUXy eciiniR»nit«d by General
Vaakb^tan In Kcat-ml unlm ilaicd tK't jIht -.v. irgJ. His tinii »» Uavmor cxpbvd bjr
provtaloD (Don after.— In Xoirmlwr. nclnftbiokm In licwiib. heltirn ralirrd IKini putdle
•crrlcv. rpcudlng Ul> iwinnluliiji itaj* ■( hi* K-ai. Offlvr, In JIanoi'cr vutiCFty- U«t« h« wa*
tlitlrd b; thv Uaniiili tW C'lia^lttln^L, wli« tL-wi IWi Tlw midi-ucr aa a Muall woodM bnlld-
tog, and <Kpmu«d hJiUM-lf ai chwrmpd wiili tt>p itinpia plMr, puilly, and Tefluruirnt uf it*
hioDy elr«l«. Ucn, lou, Gvutral .^rlwl) brtatlicd hb tail, January t. I7w.leatliig aa a
kxoicy to bli family uNU)(lit btil au llliiildoot rt-ri>rd. fur III' iirruidiui advaiiCL-a lor Xht
(State had Iniiiurcrlalinl Iiiia, aiut lh« rlalnit uf til* rvmainluK I'lvdlior* Ilti-mlly brggan-d
IbcB. lu Ihl* frgard. Ooucial Nelauu tuiknl With TUitwrl Slurtli, Ik* |>«lrluUi- and tvit

43H

RHODE ISLAND IK THE KE\'OLCT10S.

in 1881, from n dcsccncliint of Govt-riioi- Nelson. Another
version of tlie story wilislitutcs Liila^ell© f<ir Wiislitngton,
nnA oniils thi* promise of roniponsulinn to the gunner. The
house wns sevenil times strnelt, niul to this Jiiy it beiira
niiirks of the iDvi^^h truiiliiiuiit it ix'<;t.>iv(*d.
Thiit tirtjt tire was seriouts in iU ofl'ecU, "A party of ofH-

\'t<t

■S^^

Tut iJuVHBMuK X'iii.eoN ltoi;iix, Vouktowx, Viiioima.*

tmci\ne]Bg llnmiclw of Iho lU^wliiilttii. and <m liav* no urldpowi lli«l hU •«r*i«i» were
pvrr wchnowlcdsnl, [wcluIaHIt. by vltbiT Vlr|inlN nr (hr crnent KATcnunml. bjr lud
xniiit urpviinlud.

A run riu<]| M l^ultxillr. Kcninrkri In l^tl, wa« uiEiifH] fori yniton. In lionor or Uvn*
wml \rl*»n. lilt ilatur III broiiic la oue of lliv Mx whlHi ailurn tlir WKiblngtuk nuuu'
mtat In the putilli! di'inrp n1 RIi^IiitiuihI. Vlr^nla.

Tlir Miily {lortrall of Jtlni fur irlikli hr ervt ait U pmu-rvrd In tilt SI«lr Lilirarj of Vir-
jttnla. li uiu jiiiliilpd by {'tminbc-ilBln In Ijiiidoo, irM.wlillil iliu ■iibjpci wj» s iiudcnl ■!
Kluii. 11 rf'iirpcpnl* lilin a* n liaiidtomir, ruddj clirvktd. brown-hnlrrfl yauili. wttli oral
ooutuiJT at facn uiid • iiiimI riiiEHxtiix cN)irviiiion uf couiitciiiirjiv. 'I'hU |i<irtnill w«t plto-
luKra-pliMl, Mid ■ «np7 furntobcd ma, Uront wbUk Ibv cngnvlng •hvivD on giaji* m I*
rcprcxlimd.

11ii-riuiil1j arm* nrc a> rfllicin: tVr pulrar.Niid m. (Lrliri. briir. Ilirrdlr-un'dollteonn.
ler-riiKi ifcil . C>««t~A drurdflla. Acc^nnhng in Bnrli* (Gnm-rnl Arntour)'} ituMa MraiH
RK of LoBdon, n>Dnly Wllif , inrt (irimtion. Yorkrhlre.

. TtiU nottn- nr (ivrirral Nrl*nn U iirriinrFd rmiii • akrlrh cuuTteoiidy fkirnUhvd ou t^ S.
A- Hrw^, Kill-, at Klrlinioui], Vn.

■ Front ■ ptiDtvpapl) louw^ tUe uiOxQt by Ml»* Kiito SttKta. or Voiktoirii, ■ itowiiilMil
of Uottxtuit Nelton.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. «i*

(^Pi-s WHS then at dinner. The Mritisli Comtnissary Perkins
mis with them. One of (he officers was aa old Scotch Liouton-
uiil, who, when the allios first invested the place, vam heard
(o soliloquize, na ho buckled on his sword: 'Conic on,
Mrtibter \^'a»biiiglou, I'm unco -jlad to soo you. I've been
offered money for my coiuniissionf but I could na thiuk of
gangin' home without a sight of you. Come on.' Poor fel-
low ! \\*ashinf^ou fell upon him in u way tliat was qtiito
unoxpcctod, for (hat tirst hull struck nud wounded him ter-
ribly. It also wounded the (iuartermaster and the .\djuliiut
of thy seventy-sixth, and killed the Commis-sary-Geufral."*
The hcadquartera of Cornwallis were the elegant mansion
of Secretary Thnnnaa Xelnon. This was one of the most
conspicuous ohjeots in the town. Kctircd from public life,
advanced in years, aHlictcd with gout, uud in spirit a non-
combfitiuil, Mr. Nelson contiiitiod to reside in Yorktown
unmolested, and in friendly i*eIations with the British Gea-
eml, until after the siege commenced, A shot having killed
one of his negroes, and the accuracy of the American gunners
threatening the destruction of Lis dwelling, he was permitted
to pass out of the Ri-itish lines, and to carry with him such
of his persona] effeits as he could convey. In this way, by
the assifitaucu of his negro, Louis, the family plate was
saved.

Cornwallis, finding it imprudent to remain longer in a
place that had become a target for the besiegers' artillery,
' took new quarters out of range of its lire. Where these
were located, does not appear to be known. The story of
his retreating for shelter to a cavern on the river bank in
the rear of his defences, — although often repeated, — is to
be received as apocryphal. Tmo, there is a cave of consid*
orablo size under the bluff, near the centre of the town,
which is known as " Coniwallis' Cave," but there is no evi-
dence that he ever occupied it as a place of safety. Mo vraa

*"YoH(ta»n CMiipiilgci,'* b)' Ucnrr P. JobnttOBi p. IS). TliUUmvklBBbt«work, aodla
MtdlAlly rttcmuitnibNl to axj rt*ikr».

430

RHODE ISLAND IN TUB RKVOLUTION.

too brarn a soldier, and too wiso a G»iiora1, to hnro set such
an example to liis army. This eavc is thought to have been
made l>y thu iiihaliitJint^ of Yorktovvti, at> it place \n which to
tec^rcte their valuablcd. It is Huid, ihut thoro was another
cave, ItDed ivith green twiize, in which CornvsHlli^ met with
bis officers for consultation ; but no traces of it rciuaiu.

EXTEUrORIZED lIKAIHtCAIITRRS.

Wash

logton

spent his first night before Yorkt<

lis brst night hetore l orktown in an
open field, sheltered by the out-spreading branches of a
mulberry tree. Around him lay an army in which he con-
fided for the success of a vitid movomcut. fiefore him,
entrenched, was an army to be conquered, com[>08ed of vet-
eran troops, commanded by one of the ablest of the British
Cionerals. The advanta^ of numbers, on the one sidct waa
offset, on the other, by large experierjiie, by the prestij^ of
southern victories, by a well supplied magazine, and by the
cheering expectation of an early re-euforccmcnt from Now
York. In the Amoricftn wing of his command, there was
but one general officer (Steuben) who had a practical
acquaintance with the work of a siege, while (he British
commander and his subordinates, were at home in the sci-
ence of defence, la the few days of the future was wrapped
failure or triumph. Which of these would those days dis-
close? What would be the pha^e of to-morrow? Of the
next day? And of the next? The anxieties of that night
must have been intense, ami tbcy must have prevented, to
some extent, the re[)osu invited hy the friendly shade. The
spot chosen for these extemiioi-ized headquarters should be
marked and held sacred, in the name of Liberty, tbrough
all future time. I'erliuently has a distiuguished orator
recently said :

" Yon wtll ajreo with me my n-lcDds, tliAt if thnt lire which overshad-
owed WnsblDgton sli-cping Id th& open air ou bla wsjr to Yorktown were
•tutdiDg today — If It had escaiwd U)« uecoNbitlttM and CMualUes of ttto

OUB FRENCH ALUES.

431

•legv^ ud were ool cat dowa for tbc abntls of a rrdoubt, or far eamp-flrM
tad caoldiif>Bret, lonff ttn<t — ir it could any bow be fouiid nnd Idcntlfled
lDywia«rB«»eh Wood, orl-ocnst Grovt, or Cw8U« OroTc.— no Welling-
ton BMch, or ICapoIeon Willow, no MIkon or even Sliakcftijcnre Mulberry.
DO Oak of WllllBiH iTiB Coiii)HtTor nl Windsor, or of Henri IV. nt Fon-
tslnblt-au, nor even ibosc lilstoric trceH wlilcli guvc r<:fU];« to ibc fugitive
rUarlcs II., or fbrnlslved n hiding plocf! Tor the charti'r which ho granted
to Connvcticuc on fats rMtorution, would Ik so prrclous and so hallowed
lu nil Americiu eyes and hearU to the latest gciicratloo." *

HOSPITALS.

The Americiin wing of tho anny hn<l ii Hospital on the
tield, in the re.nr of Ocncrnl Lafayette's headqnnrtors, the
chief Physitiiau and Snrgf^on being Dr. Jnmea Craik.|
Among clher aurgcon.s were Dr. .James Thatcher, to whom
reference has jicveral times been mad'C in these pflges, and his
assistant. Dr. .I'^lneas Mnti^m.

Tlic French wing' also Imd a Ilnspitnl on tho field. Phys-
Jcian-in-Chief, M. de Coste ; Surgeou-iu-Chiuf, M. Robillard ;
Superintendent of JIuspitals, 'Si. de Msirs. The Kospitala
on the field appear to have been used for immediate necessi-
ties. A Hospital was established at Williamsburg, to which
the wounded were conveyed in ambulnnce-s. .Mahiriul sick-
ness extensively prevailed among tlio American and French
troops, and on the T4th cif October, there were npwards of
five hundred patients Jn this Hospital, including twenty offi-
cers. Every thing possible was done for the comfort of
both thti sick and the wounded.

rREXCIl EXTnUBIASU.

" This French, In this sivge, seemed to become rivals to each other, and
eacli offlcer curled Hid lot of him who vaa sent upon attempU of tbo
greatest danger; tliey liurrlcd axtiiy, wUb tbi; i-urloslty which I c&onot but
call nuthncHs and madnffss, tn eramino lh(> works of tbe ejiemj, and hasten
the pfot;resB of our own, Kven the ob«ciire commnn soldier, whose life
aad dutb arc cqu&lly cooalgned to obllvlou, strove to oDt-do his rcnowacd

«Bdi>. KolMnC. Wlnilirup, ACTorklown CvdivdhInI, Ool. It, IMI.
r AUt, p. 190.

•132

BBOra 1BLAKD IK THE KEVOUmoy.

officers 1b these daring cuicrpriS4:«. uhJ went up la detlaiice of tiie eoeiny
ID llic yvTj edges of their lntrcnchm«nts. The inlDcr with hL^ ixe In bts
baiul. sdvancnl with ft delfmlncd sKft thron^h n «thower ntgnpe shot to
cat dofvn the ir«e it his letture, which perhaps shielded him Ttam destruc-
tion. The corps of ftrtlller; so dlt>tlngiiUb»d by ihe sbliilies sod Intrt-
pldlty of their olBcvrs, were uo lew so by tlie scliTltjr, tipirit and courage
or their soldierf. GencraJ Wttsblngtoo blmsdr beheld ib« vflrcu of this
dsrlng spirit with utonlshineDt ; a bomh or a ballet, rortaoalel} puinted,
excited in then the lively emotions of an ea^ut haDlanua, who tonpog the
point or seizins bU prey.

"A pinner, at one ot the embrasures, bad his foot carried away by a
bullet. I tried to cooiole the uohsppy man in the flr»t motnenta of bis
on^ilsh. when he uptve me for an answer, * I am Ie«s altltcied for the loss
of laj- foot, titan for being so uofonuuste as not to bare had time, before
It happened, to discharge the cannon I bad pointed with ao much care.*
B« sooD after died of bfs wonod, and never ceased to complain Ull the
last, of the (Ulnre lie luid made In <lrinj( hia piece."*

Both Wasbiagtoa aad Rocbniubenu made careful recon-
noisaances of the enemy's defcoces, aometiiues running' sen-
OII3 risks. Once, to settle o question of importance,
UocbaniI)emi left the trenches, descended slowly into the
ravine, taking a circuitous path ; and (hen aseetidiii^ the
opposite escarpment. approache<1 the encmy'si redoubt, np
to the abatis that surrounded it. Aflor havinj; I'arefully
observed it, he rcliiracd to the iHittery, not intemiptcd by
a single ^hot.

"Well," said he, "the abatis and the palisades are alill
entire. We must redouble our fire to break them and lo
level the para|iet. To-morrow we shall see if the i>ear is
ripe."f

IKOIDENTS.

One day, while Washington and the Itev. T^fr. Kvans, a
Ctaplain, were standing together, a shot struck the ground
so near them as to cover the hat of the latter with sand.
The reverend gentleman, considerably agitated, took oil' bis
hftt. and said, "See here. General." The General e«m-

:

• CkMitllux.

tDmiMM.

&

OCR FRESCH ALLIES.

pospdly replied, "Mr. Evans, you ha<l better cirry that
home, and show il to your wife and uhihiren."
. Of General Bai*on .^tcuhcn, this incident is relnted.
While un cinly in thu Lronchcii, iti company with General
W'liyno,* jjoreoiving liiniself in dun^er from ti shell thmwn
by the enemy, he suddenly threw himself into the trench.
General \\'ii3-ne, in tlie junimrdy and hurry of the nioiuunt,
fell on him. The Ittuon, turning his eyes, Knw that it was
his Brigadier. "I always knew you were brave. General,"
sairl lie ; "Imt I did not know you were so peifeet in every
|K)int of duty. You cover your GoncraPii retreat in the
l>e£t manner jK>tit?it>Ie.** f

From the lieginning of the siege, the enemy oe<'Upiod two
redoiilils about three hundred yartU in advanee of hii* prin-
eipid works, wliieh enfiladed the entivni-hmenl of the
hesie-gers, and impodc<l their approaches. These redoubts
Mere known art "\o. !l " and "Xo. ID," — the latter Iwing
al&ii called " Knck Redoubt." Upon eonsuKaiion, it was
decided that they should be taken by Htorin. To this end,
the red(uibt — " Xo. 10" — on tlie left of the Jtritisli gaiTison,

*li»iirral Anilmiiy Wajmr, (vnur tMior It'iiyiii-, an ulBnT In thr IihIUti W»t*, waj bom
InClH^rrroaiily. IViinaylranla, .liiniiHrr i- i;ifl.an<l «m rdDr«lr4 >l mi acaJcmr In I'MI-
MdvlpililB. IIf rojjjr rnjatri] thf IVtinilililp of I>r. I'mikllii. hIio inuml fur him au
M|i|)iilii1nii-DI M Iniial npnit !li Ntivm ttculls. At tlic mliimcUCTinrHl ut llir M<-v»IUIl>'u, hr
t'Dli-ml thv kmiy. In irrv rhii cuinnilMlimeil • * iiIoih-I, auil In 1777, m Hrt|[ii<lkf-(>i-QmI.
Ur wncd ii.iiili-r Hi)iiriiiiiui-r< In (kimmIii, iiiul «>• Hntuiilnl bi Tml> miirn-*. Ui' km
with Oiilf" at 1'l<s»n1j'r.')pi, aii'l <a>*lnxuliilK-il IiliiiH'lr uExh-f Wtt^MnKtun "t liraiulywlnp,

liiTiiianlonii aiiij M iioiiiti }\r vrvt.1 iiiiilct tMttytli: <n Vlrciriia. •»il ratiini*ii<lnl •

<liil>iuti Hi YorVlowii, >"«ir WNlUinititiri: lir «■> iirciili-iilalli ttiiiiiiiliil liii itnr of hit
trntliifljt. Hit luUBi puptilitr it(i1nrl(-l:r wii« aelilcirJ In Munulnn ^I'Miy I'oEut. In llil*
nllack br ma* Kaiiiulnl in llw 1ii«i]. Cuii;^ir*<. In rrmpiiliuu ot >i1r H-rvlrc*, ].iR<»i?nt('>1
Itliii wKli ■ ruip u( tUauku hihI h ituM nictlal. IIU i-iit-riO' In iiHIuii, mill l)nr*U itf ffFlliii
wlii-n ilronglr rxi-ltrit. rmx-un-il for lilni llif *i>l«ii|iivl <il " Hail Anllmiiy."

An»T Ihr fall nf Yorkloviii. r.itiicrni Wjijiir Jnlnvd Upiipral (•nrim Id llir ftonth. diilbMad

roliiiKl ItroiTiic III iii>orvia, Hitj V. 17^3. unit lipwinb^r I4(li. tli*- *niih' jrnr. Inok ikhbf*-
tlim iiT rlinrloloii. t'li Ifn ■•'kitruiitliin lii ITVi, iif »iit«TOlnl <iri>i-ral hi (.'lair lli Ui»
Notlti >t>*T. eaiiipil II tli-lur^ uriFf Itii- liiillaiiJi mt thr Mauin»* I(ii|i1>lt, bihI cwiii[v1U-(I Um-ih
ID aitt Air |>n>n.-.

tn t7H-&, lip ■prvcil 111 ilw IViiuiTltaiiiii AivrinUf. ami in IW C'linifnllon Ikal nttUlMl
Ihv I mini )>lam ■ viHaialUiii. Ur itlH at t're*i|iip InU-', t>TCvml>«t 1.\ I7t>% "iMvltv
In-lilnit l>liu llir rr|nititl lui> uT inn- uf llii' tuail iliaTluj^nlillnl *tHl liwriturUM* dBlMta ft llir
Rrvolullon."

t I1wieli«r

IIIIIOAI>IKJI-<iKXHlI. AXTIIOXr WatXII.

*"rolanM AlpSBtiilcr llanilltun l«il on llir Amcrlouu. with cni|>tr inuikHi aad tac4
tuiro"!'''' ^Vlii'ii III- nrrli'L'il at Iliu right nalmibl, wlili-la lie wat lu allMk, be nudr ft (bort
bill i-l(M|iiriil iutdn-». nhUil trla illitl»rli> lirard VyUir olli-ut htil cbrpl; Inlm-itUd wtUwM
[WMMnRtonl In llic firBml t-allrn'. ' l>l(I }»ii tirr hear lurli ■ 'iirrch? ' r^mu^Ml UmiL

l>. lit l»r> H ' ^v (III tiiTU D aprtTJi I cvuli] ituimi .* 6hor(ly after ilx' KrMicta oltaer

arriinl *llli III Ml It It) mi brrun lliv ullirr nuLiubl, Hrhen hr waa eliaiJtiifiiil bjr tlM> aeiitlMl.

•■.'i«ift»i»^.— ' WhoconiM lliirri'?*

•■ FV^ac* OJIixr.— ' Kiviieli.'

*'>imf(nW-— Uliialui II for 'IHruil." and axnln dcmaiiib, 'Who cohipj tlwf*?'

" yttneh Qfeer.-'Frrnih (irvamllcn nod (.'huHun, t^^-r g-t! »>H>A-|~0-|1I
S-H-A-H-U-KMl-

••tliv wtinl ■ctisrgi'' wuilrawliMlaut <rlt)i m niiieh dollbvraltna, bikI wllh aueh U^Mv
fMt prtuiuuolBiloii, ■• !□ rxclic lirftrtj-laucliicrnxiiai Ute wltncMM !■ llw KT^ad tatlNT."
— l>r, Umttum't Kttrrativt,

TKa/vuL'bMfln l>a lIuUK VliMiiroiU nai t>oil> In l^j^ Bl rancuDonirt, L«iTalH«. B%
%nui ■ Imp) mitltar; rapcrttAoc Ui Europe, aud ilUUnguiibMl bluKlf uudcr HTTtiiMhiM.

OUR mKSCn ALLUS3.

485

Count William Dcux-Fonta* to lead the stormin;z party.
That enthiisiaatic officer, long eager for the ojccitemcnt of bat-
tle and for llie j:l«ry of successful adveiitiiu!, was now in his
element. A.s his Jetuc^bment moved out uf the line^, tbouo

y

^M..

C'lti.ti Wii.UAu tHSdx-I'o.oTa.

«t Torktovn. In ]7f>t, he <»«■ marirTJvub-iiani.GMvml, and rv(»lv>d. In ITK, thegniid
vro«* ar!>l. Louis, lie wmi ilic wnrm Mrii'l of I.oufv XVt„aiiil m dnrvnilliiir blm nI \^v
attack a)ion tlie 'Dilkiki. Aujimt 1U. VPtt, In «■■ mdflall)' wouiidi.il. *ihI >Ur<l Noveiitber
V, follawlDg.

Tli«lbuit)iil«Cliark.'* Joipjih njsclntlta )>a Hoas dc TlametoU wa» tern in IT3I. Ilia
inailarr tidanu trarv hlfUjr airpraelalfiil. AfliTt wnloB In America at a lln)iiT.Unntfal
iinJcr UiiolMiinbWHl. hr WM ■ppOlBlcd (.■iTcrnor of Martlnliuc. lu IkiiI, h4> wai mndc a
lUnhAl or Finnic, and In INI7, a Manfnl*. Hr <llr(1 In VmU. Slarali .'k \<*S.

*Cuum da ForbMh, Marqub ilm I M>ii 1-1*0111*. (t'lirUiiaii.) wai bom si ]>ihx-I'adI«,
Cwlobcr W. \'j-i. Ilv oomninnilcil itit n-riniDDt IwarlnK I>1> niuM. awl rluUDtcuiihud hlm-

irir Ol VoifclirHII.

roitnl WlllUm ila limjil'iinl*, aulhcv of "My CuiupaiBnit in Ainprlm," va* (Kirn al
l>nai('fonli, Jun« !•), I'M. Itr wait Ureili-iuuit-rirloiirl ID Ihr mctmrnt eomtnaiHltd by
Ula lirullict. lti*bratri7Bll1ir d^iir uf Yorktown. lunMcJi lir nai trirunilril, vnunarmlr
wmroendMl by lh<! Baran VluaiMuII. I'ur hl> fallantrr on Ibla oonailan lie «•* niadtt a
CteTBlUr of the Kmiary Urdrr of St. UuIh.

A flill bihI an Inkrnlliifr acminil uf llic l^nillt of llviix-r'inli.wrlllrii li/ (tir lluliunllilt
SbmuvI a. tirnn, M. U.. will bv fvuml In tliv InlrviJuL'tiuii lu liia trantlallon of ■* Uj t am-
polciii 111 Anirrlcii." lu wliliili Ihc reader It rixTcrrvtl.

436

niTODE I8I-AND IN TirE TIEVOI-UTION.

remnining behind wisbctl him "success and glory." "That
moniont." he records in his journal, "seemed to me very
sftcct, and WHS very elevating to the soul and animutin*^ to
the cotiru^e.'' At tiio signal of six shells hred, he advanced
in perfect silence to the assault, and was hailed by a Ilcs-
ifinn sentinel on the parapet, who cried out " Wfr da,"— "who
goes there?" Js'o answer licin«r given, the enemy ojjeneJ
tire, and the contest iwon liceamo sharp and decisive. With
the shout of " Vive le Hoi! " the enemy was driven from the
rcdmiht, nnd victory crowned the bravery of the assailants.
Ill this assault, the French lost nearly one hundred men,
in killed and wounded. Of the former wuh Captain M. de
Barthclot. Of the latter were Captain M. do Sircuil, who
had his leg hroken : Lieutenant M. de Sillegiie, shot through
his ihigh ; (he i?ijevalier de Lameth, who received ft musket
ImiII in each knee ;* and Count Deux-Ponts, who was struck
in the face hy sand mid gravel thrown up l)y a ball wliich
ricochettcd in tlic parapet. The loss of the eueuiy waa
eighteen men killed, and one Captain, two subalterns and
forty-two rank and tile captured.

Of this allair, Count Kochambeau relates the following
incident :

" I iniiBt hpro mAke mention of b ctrcnmstAncfi vrMcb chamctcrixfis ibe
conrAZf or Hip Kronch grrtindlcrs. Ttio grenrifik'rs of Iho ri-etnient at
Unllnais, ivhk-li had bcou formwl «iil of Ihnl of Ativprsnc. wore lo l*i«l
the atUM^k. '\'\w. monicnt U wa« [l»:i<tc<] I ".lid In thvni, ' i\x fik-uds, If I
xluHild want you this nlgtit, 1 Iiope ymi have not forgoltciL thiit. wr hnv«
Herveil together In tlint brnv« rcuiinviit of AuvcriEne "i'U"* fm-Ac," an Ihhh
orubk' uituic wbk'b it has ildH-Tvcd (>ver!)tnrc \is crcullun ' Tbvy aimwercd
that If I would promUe tn have their nititie re-itonrd to Uictn, they would
»iinVr th4>m»«Ivtit to be killed, — ever lo tlic liuit man. Tbr-y k^i't tlivir
words, charsed like lions, and hwl oite'lblrd of tlieir number.

*" llitlla |ni»i-il llirauflli hiMi of 111* kiin-,, Kiul Iip frit lulu llii- iHlrli. As unok a« I
InfiiriniHl or liU wnnnit. I hiutviioil in my frkii'1, wlio va* cudvi^iihI tn thpflolil liaii|iluJ.
Till' Sur|if>»n) Itoil Ju't ilcclitrvi] ilini 111" \\(v coulil no) im mivpi] wlilioiit Ilip miiiiwIhIIdii of
linlli lliljili*. 'Ill'' l■^^^•l fiurjti-nii. II, llnlillliiril. rarlirr I^tiiii ri"1iir<^ M I'limii iiflliTf wWi |rii<i!
(uc-li vt''H\ li'i||><^ lo «uch B iti-filiiiaMi' i>ui>-, n-lii»il In [irrfiinii l)i<- u|H'tull'<n, aii'l tiiiiiiivil
to tnjtt l<i tiklurv tor llii- I'urr or midi d&UKrmur nouucU. Tlii- liipio' rriult AiIUIImI hit
•^IKciaUuiu mnA uut liopc*."— ZJvmiu.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

437

The King, on the rf>port which 1 ninde of thii airair, signed the ordinance
which restorwl to Lhh rcslnieiil Uie name of Hi'ifate Aurfrijue." " /'nn
jjfiMi- f!ufffilF Aurtrrtjnir" wuit Illtt Mnj«?»ty'(i ctitlontvinvnl ujion Hochnm-
besH'« pptillon.

Before the Americnn stoi-niiiig party moved, Washington
made a brief addrt'sw, adiuotiitihiiL^ the lueu to act the part
of linii ami hnive soldiers. Hamilton, who led, and (iimnt,
Laurens, Unrl^or, and othci-s, nho lollowed, showed them-
selved equal to the positions assigned them, utid l>y Iheir gal-
lant conduct drew from Washington nnd Lufayelie strong
oxpi-easions of approlmtiou. The awsiiult made ut the point
of the bayonet was impetuous nnd of short duration. The
enemy yielded to the prowess of the Americans, and ia a
few minutes llie redoubt was in (lietr possession. CoUmel
(,'iinipbell, the British commander, wns wounded and taken
prisoner, together with about thirty of his men. The
remiiinder made their eseapc. The Americana had eight
men killed and thirty wounded. Among the latter were
Colonel Gimat. shot in the foot, Major Oibbs, and three
other officers.*

In ]>ushiiig thi!> dangerous work, a friendly rivalry appMra
to have esiated between (Tenoral Lafayette and the Baron
Viomesnil.as to which should aoonestwin the prize. Imme-
diately upon the triumph of the former, he sent his aide.
.Major Harbour, to inforui the latter, that he was in his
redoubt, and to aak the Baton wliere he was. The Major
found him at the abatis, wailing for it to be clcai-ed away, —
n delay that was the oeca^ion of his heavy toss in killed and
wounded.

In reply to the message delivered by tho Slajor, the Baron
said, "Tell the Manpiis I am not in mine, but will l>e in five
liiinutes." He kept bis word.

•Uonunil l.inroln'a iliiUlon. trvm wlikh the ^mfrlmit "fcwiom bopf* "it** dratm,
c»iul>utl of the Urol rrKlinrnl New Tork, Culnnrl Goom Vnn ^ell«lck, .iJS miia; mcomI
frgiinrnl ^rw ^ orll, i'lilijiii^l rhll[|) ^'Br) CortlNlld. 3Xl inrn: HrM »iiil Mnmil Tin* Jvmif
TvxIniifuU, (iinltn],;) Cvlonvl Mathlai (>plrn, MO mciil vconcl Kliod* Idaiid rvKlnwaO
Lkauui lit < Colour I Jrmmluli Olnry, tM mea.

438

RHOnE ISI-AND IN THE IIBVOMITIOW.

M'n»hin<^tou was so deeply* iiitorcsted in the issue of these
assHiiIts that he could not ftirhenr ownpring ii ])osition where
ho could witness tliem. At«;onipnni(*(l hy (lenomls Knox,
Lincohi,* nnd the'tr iiidcs, ho st>leftu<i n spot Utr that pur-
pose, nnd the party dismoiinted. (.'oloiiel (_'nbh, nnxiotis for
the safety of his Gonernl, said to him, " Sir, yon nre too
much cxpnsoil here, had you not hotter stop a liltlo bock?"
"Colonel Cohb," i-cplicd His Kxcellcncy, ''if you tire afraid,
you tiare liherty lo step back."

UXJ(KI!AI. brhK.IAlllS Ll.\<.UI.!t.

'Genoral n»i^Binlii I.lnniln wa« iKitn In HlnKtivDi Sfai*-, January 21, inA, kdJ lM>ranH)
il]*t1njritrti«d In ■HlimrTllfc In&nonjtaxi-rnciil In Itt: ht rrdctTccln (orvr* wuond.rruni
llianniM!l*ar«)1jli;l) lir unirr rcc»vcrMl. Wlillv Iti couinitiiiil «K.'l>arlr<|i)i>, In anibnikp^
b^HMiltwIor fbi«cuu(lur)*lrUtHT;4 lliituiii null li; u »lruii8 tvrt iiikIit AdnilntlArhulhiMM,
MU) WM Minpell^d lo cftp'l'i'oi'^- ''■'' ''*** '■"' nlloMPit tlie flill honon or wur. An«r l)rli(
exchanged, Iw JuIupiI Witnlilngtux.ainl *1iar«tl In ilw hcnion i^f Varkl»wu. tlf livM i»i|M(r>
mnt d*U vflhet, t>«liii; i^i-crdarr of U'nr iimlvr ^^'niblnffion, Liruicnwit-t.im'iTkur of llw
SUU of MuMdiusi-lT). uiil ri<llr«lnr nf [l>r ]»irl iiT Hoito«. lUnuil UDiTcrflly ooD-
IVrrMl upon lilm ilic liiiiiariiry ilrfrm of A. W. Vrnni irUiu Mair W. I;iti>, tli« ilat* ot hi*
dcalli, tic ytut I'rciMi'Ut of the Ma>>a<:liii>cll> ^tmrlcfr of Hie Clnclniiutl. He «ai an r*ttT
iiirmljcr of Itir AmsriMn AcBilcmjr af Aria uiwl Sdrncra. and Alio a mumbrr afUic MmM-
rhii««ll> lllitnrl«al Moelety. A aiMnoIr at litnin»\ {.IiKtoln, |iabllah«d In tli* itihttl rahune^
m^cooJ ircrl^«, of f he SeelMr't colleellonf. tnf*: " JnUcavnil Lln(!oln*]< vhaniiMiT. alnngtb

0T7R FRENCH AtXIEa.

439

" ^Vhilc the nttackirfls pi-ogrcssing," says Dr. Miinson, "a
musket ball rolled along n cuniion, nml full ai Uie feet of
Wa.«hiiifrtoii. Gom'nil Kiitix" seized him liy the arm, and
exclaimed; *My dear General, n'e can't spare you yet I'
WaiiUin^ton replied, 'It is a spent l»all, and no harm is
done.' When it was all over, and tlio redouUts were in the
possession of the two parlies, A\'aj*hington turned to Knox and
said, 'The work U done, nnd irtll tlonf^* and then exclaimed
to his servant, ' William, hand tnc my horse.'"

With the capture of these rudoul>t#, wliieli Mere ut once
turned npoii the enemy, Washington expi-essed his satisfac-
tion in a congratulatory order, commendiug in waim terms
the coudurl of the Fretich and American detachments.

In reenrtling the story of these imporfant achievements, it
should not be forgotten that Uhode Island tins an unquestion-
able right to share with the French allies and with the States
of Ma*9achiiseH.i, Connecticut, Xow York and Penn«ylvauia,
the honors of the memorable 14th of October, 17H1. During
the entire siege, the second Khode Island continental regt-
ment,— the old regi-
ment of the hravc
Colonel Israel Angull,

commanded by the _ _^

no less hrave Lieu- yy^

teii»nt-Culoael Jere-
miah Oluey, shared with these regiment*!, and with the gal-

W^

ftn<l wniM'M, tti»ir*tfniablc aiiij tliMimiiibl«quiillik>«wi>r<ibkt)pllyl)lrn(l(!d. ... He
WM nn» In h\* \i lirbllnii] fnltli, H-rlau> iind itrrnAtoBMe bt hi* plrty, «Uli<iut «il]wnttll«li,
IhaUlobnuT imitrrlly. lie stom (roni tftriT ;«•(• n oooiuiiuilruit, aud (at agrrat fv\ of
kit UA. a deacon, or llir i^lMirr.li."

*0«uiral llerirv Knux. ton of Wllllatnaud 5ta^ •'iiti<|ilirll Knox, itiu Iwrn In DotWo.
Ubm., July *\ t:M 111- irsiBblLJlirO lilniNlr » n bookwll«- In lil» uarlve towu, auJ .luoc
W irrj, martini hutj ^'tiuLi-r. Wf ii(^i>in|ilbhr<l .i-eoml ilnLijtlilfr of Uit Il4tnur«l>l«
TboiMW PlackFr. Srvn-larriir iIixCra liter of Mk»ur.litiwili>. He «» ■■■ mlAt iniliUry
enilMtr ind urillkry 'iiBnT, and wiic titKlilr e'lceniwl hy WaMiliigtwi, «lih whom Iw »«•
dlatrlf lYinnitlfliliulnfitH- Knoluliuu. AiaOfm-ral cirarllllcn. tti-Mrviilat Yotktown
Wltli g,r**X ullltlriirf . CuD|[n>«* t>p)KiluU'd tiioi Swr»-I»r)r <vl Wur, uiiiJ aflM rcltrlilf ttam
pulille llCc, >i^ ti-ill^d on a UrK^ lamlinl retail- in Jlatiits wbi'rc t)« dlrci uctobrr 'i:^, IMM,

tll^liljr r*tc«itw<l Flit til, liilt-llmrluiO riiitoq ni''nt*, lili wrlal iiUHllllr-t, Bi»l Ills |i4ttl(>lle M>r-

tImi. Ail inicr«(tlt>g Divinoir or (ivucrat hiHtx, nrlllrn b; rnuci* ■■*■ Druke, wa* puli-
Ualtnt III ItoilOK, III l^^l,- ■ doalraUii boA fur aluilrnta uf Ibt- AiMrtoaM iUTOlnUoo.

440

ItHODE TSTJtXD IX TIIE REVOLCTIOS.

lont rcgimeiit:B of Virginiu, Jfarylnnd and New .lorscy. Iho
fHtigiios and chmgcrs of the combined iiriuy. Wliou tho
Hssttiilt upon Iho enemy's redoubts, N«s. H Jind lit, was
duleriniDod upon, and uji.-ii ruliiilflt? for ihe work were callfMl
for» Colonel OIney contributed from his regiment a eom-

IMiny, vommnnded by Captnio Stopbeii Obiey,«n nfficer whoj
]iad arqiiired un honorable reputation for bnivery and mil
tary a'^'Iity. This compimy was placed in the van of the
assaulling piu-lVf nn part of a battalion led by ColoneKrimat.
The stoiy of its servico is best tub! in Capuin Olney's oi
words:

OUR t^ttKNUH AL1.IBS.

•Ul

"An«r forming otir parallel wlililn ciiuuoii nUot, II wa<i ihou^hl ni-cca-
sarjrto get pns.<t«sitlOH ot tiro of tbc tfiitmjr'tt rtitonbU, which pmjcct«d
rrom T.lielr mnin work!*, unci were slluatcd vvli«re It wu tliou'^ht proper to
erect our »tcood pamllul, hi nrdnr to \e\vl the war, cut i>lf j>nU«>iHk-H, and
beat down nih'tr ubsiructirms. Our BrliUcry iva» briskly Brrvnl ihf i;(tli wf
OctDbL-r: on die lltlj the Marijiils liuil ortlcrs to xturm ihe redoubt on our
rlifllt. coinmaitded byn Brlllnh .Majur, whtlc llic Krviiuh troupsntuclfvd Llint
oil our kit, wlilch was of pn-nier force, anil Ui tbi-ir from. Uiir regiment
of light tnfliiiLnr, roirtitaiiited b; Ci>lon<;i Ulntnt, n holct rrenrhmnn, was
aelected for tbe iis-.ikult. and >vu» (laradcd ju^t anir dajlif-ht, in front of
our works. GeiiernI Wnxhinjitoii iiiadi- ii iiburt mldre*ii or liaranniie,
ndiiioiiUhtnjt iit> to act the pnrt of-flnii uiid brave i>utd1eni, hUowId^ the
itec'v»sUy of accuiiipllshltiK the oL>jcvl, an the attack uu both redoubts
depended on mir !<ii('ce9s. 1 tboui-ht^beii. that llin Eicellvncy'^ knees
rather sbook. but i Imve miikl- doubted nbelher It was not DlIlH-.

"The cuttitiii) nNircited iii HJ]cti(,-i', uiUi ^iiiia iiidoadeO, and In good
order. Muny, tio duubt, tbliiklng that Iom than one i|Uarter of ii mile
would finish llie Journey of llf« vrlih tlieni- On the niarcli I bad a chance
lo whitiper to set-cnl of my iiicu, (wlicitn I dunbled.) 'ihi) tvld them that I
h'td fail CMiijitt'-nev rh-it thi"j fniilil nft Ihf. yitrl ff Vrwre avMten, Irt nhal
t'uulfl ri>nir: and If their guii» »boiild Iw shut nway. not to retri^t. bat
take tbc lirst niun's giin that lulgbi be hilled. Wbeii we hud got utKiiil
tuilf way to the retloubt we were onlered tu halt, and deCBCli one man
tram each toinpuuy for the forlorn Iiupi-, My men nil firemrd n»dy U> go.
The orlmnij then moved on; six or eight piuuvurs in front, U9 many of tbe
forl<jj-n hupe next, then Coloiiid GImut, wIlIi aw ur bix lolunlvviB by Ills
Hide. Ibcii my |jUitiH>ri, being the front of the cidiimn. VVIieii we came
near thu frant of tbe abatb. the enemy flred u HjII volley ormu-Hkctry. At
thISt oiirmeii bruke !>HetK-i' mid bn/./.Aed; nnd as the order for silence
acemct) brokm by every one, 1 huxtaed w )th nil my power, xaylng. !iee how
frtglitened tbey *ire, they (Ire rltjlil Into tbe tiir. Tlir pioncei-» Iw-giin to
cut off the abiuU. which "cre the triinhji uf trees with the trunk part
Axed iu (tie i^ronml. the ItmbM inndc shnrp utiil [loinled <uwutd» us. This
BocinctI tedloiH work. In thctliirk. within three miU of theent^mr; and I
ran to the rlL;bt tu look fur a place to crawl through, but retiime^l In a
hnrry, without MUeceHs. fearing llie men Would get through tlr»t; an It bap-
peiietl, I made out to get through about tbe Rrst. and entered tbe ditch, and
when I found my men lu the ntJinber of ten or twelve had arrived. 1 «tepp«d
(brongli Let neon two pnlhiidev, i,oii(! having been »bot off to make room,)
on to the parapet, and culled nut tn a tnne oh if there was no danger, Cap-
Uln OIncy'H company, form here : On this 1 hud not \cjiA than alx or eight
bajoncta pushed at me; I paiHed ilh ivell ait I could with Diy eapontOOD,
but they broke nil' the blade part, nud their hnyoneUi olid along the handle
of my espoiilouu and svuled my lingers; one bayonet pit-rced my thigh,
another bubhed me In the ubtlonu-n Ju»l above the hlp-bune. Otie fi;llvw
dred at me, unU I tliotigbl the bull look ell^ct In my arm ; by the light of

Ui

RHODE ISLASP DC THE REVOLrTIOK.

Ills gua I made a tliruitt wUli lli« remnlna ot my espotoou, ia order \o
ii^urc the flight of bf« vyw ; btit um II haplieiiH), I only msdv a bnrd alroke
)ii Ills forobesd. At thU Instant two or mv men, John Stmogv and Ben*
Jnmlu Bennett, who bad loaded lliuir a^ti* ntiUc tJicy were ia the dltcb.
cauic up nnd flrad upon ti\p ouemj-, who part ran away and aomt aurren-
dcrt'd: sn that we entered ilii^ rfdonbt wlthoot nirther oppoAlUon.

" My scr^i-AQt. EdMard Ituttcrick, to whom I vtaa mnch Indebted fttr
hi* bravery, Itfl(K--d iin> nearly all IIiU affray ; ami revolved a prick of the
cnt-mj'N b.-iyunpt. In 4iU »cumnch. }*crt(vnnt Ilroivn was iiIbo In lime, bat
attempting; to load his sun, received a bayonet wound In his band. Colo*
ncl Uimnt wan wuundi-d with u musket ball in thv fboL, about the drst On
of ibi; ciiomy ; nnd I HUpposo It toott all the vnluotcerB to carry hlin off, as
I never saw any of Itiem afterwards. When moot of the regiment had
Itfit Ititii ihe redoubt, I directed them to form In order. Miyor WllUa'a
poxt buiiig 111 the n^ar, I supposi- be xoi Iti about the time I was carried
away wUli [he wuuudvil.

■'.My company, which coniilHteil of about forty, suffered Ibe most,
(luast, prohabtyj ah they had only n?e or ilx wounded, al] sItRhtly. except
Peter BarrowK. who had a ball pouit through the niidcr jnw; I hellere we
hnd none killed.

" The French ftuffered moch more tlinn we <11d. I was Informed they
hid olghtven kilU-d, ami wen; halfiin hour before they look the redoubt,
waititiK with the cnluniu exposed, until the pioneers completely clfured
awiiy the obstructions. We made ont to crawl through, or get over (^the
abatis) and ttom the encmy'H llr.il tin-, until we got pottCMkW of Ui»
redoubt, I think did not exceed ten nilniitea.

" When my vvimnda came to be examined, next day. thai on my left arm.
which gave ine most pain when Inflicted, was turned black all around,
three or fiiur inctiCM in tmgth ; neither tikin nor coat broken. The stab Id
my tliigli WHS tdight. that In front, near my hip. was judged to he mortal,
by the aorgeons. as a III lie part of ibe caul protruded. 1 was carried to
Ihv liu^'pltal at WlUiaiasburg. twelve luUcf-, Hud In about three weeks tny
wounds h[?ak(l and I joined th<! reElmenl. The man who drctl on me was
fir<>u(;hl lo the Ii0(*pltnl; I examined the wound I had Inflicted with the
handle of my cspontoon; tt had not Injured h1> ey«s. biit only made a
deep rVirrow in hi« forehead; I >uki-<l liirn liow It happened they contloned
to flght at the place I entered, when most of them on thi- right had run
away. This 1 hnd discovered by the lleht of his Are. He said be tbougbt
tliey were nil nt their po^ls. I brliovo they were alt half drunk; In this
condition the British qoldlers generally flght We hnd not been In the
redotjbt morp than Bve minate*, when Ohiirlt* M'.MTcrty, an Irishman, and
preleiided Free Mason, got out a bottle of wlue, and Invited me to drink.
Who but an IrUh or an CnclUliman n-ouUi have tlicngKhl of huch a thing?
It reinlnde uk of an cxprcM^Ion of Shakeftpeai-e, ' Uud you yuch leUure lo
the panzs of death? *
" That part of ihc British troops who ran ont of the redoubt first, niuat

OUR FRKNCH ALLIES.

443

have dlscQVcriHl a party of niira on Uielr right; 1 priBuine tint 1«1 by Col-
onel QlmaL What hpcamc or Ihem I rlid not know, as I dlaeovcrod Donr
but onr pAHy wlicu I fnrnicd the regiment A few diiy* oftiT. I Inquired
of <■ Holdicr boH It ltai>peuMl they <)!il tiot g«t int«> tbe rctloubt. lie said,
'the enemy pricket! tliem olT wllli tlieir boycnKfl».' ThU was tbc nost
haKanlouH cnlurpilse that ever fell to my lot.*

'• The Dexi day after sCornilug the reiloiibl, Uie >rnr»|Uls Lal^yctto com-
pUiuentcd the n-gtinout for their bruvery. miO »a^il bv vsaa a^yrty for the
ijiliirurtone of CaplAiiis limit mul Olncy. Caplntn Hunt wns tii;xi iu raok
to ine, and brou^Eit u[> tbc rear, and liApjicued Ui bit liia ankle against a
bayonet flxc<3 to a gun lyliiR on tbe (cround. Some of my brother ofllcerfl
informed int- of this urtlvr. anil tho plncln;; nT oitr tiatni^ contrnry to tbe
uutfornt csLablUhtd prncltce, anil as I had suSvred flroni tb«? coviny's ((niM
In front of battle, they consl(lcre<1 it us an imposition. I was iylnt; Iu niy
t«n[, very Korc and lame, but tbl.« lntelllf;enc« Dc-arly ctcprived mi> of thu
senac of piiiii. I ivnjlc to Ibr M>ir[|uli> to know how it liappenctl he men-
Iluiwd tbf vvonntlfd oillci^rB In that order. Hw, by tftter, InfoniMsl tnr- he
mentioned them in the order tht; AdJiitniU had slvcii them to him."

I.Ar«VKTTK 111 CaFTjIIV OI.NRV,

"My Dr*k Sir: — I vras moch employed ycAtcrdny iu rccclvlni^ l-hti
British army, ami am no mnch «n at. tliix lime in writing dt^npatches for
Friinci\ that I am prevented fi'oni writing you n long letter. I mentioned
the names of the wounded olllcein In the division orders as ibey were
liiveii lo HIP by the Rpl;:ndlt;r. In my report to tbe Gcuernl. Iu parllcnUr
1 mentioned your nuin>;. and I make no dotibt but It will he lucnlloned Ut
Congress In the hlght.-.st ternifl. I have the highest regard for your gal-
lantry on the ucL'iwlon, and tiliall be alwuyM happy to render yon my Bcr-
vICM, and a testimony to tb« merit you are so Justly entltlixl to.
'* I have tbe honor to be

" Your most obt humble servt.,

'* Head-Qnarters. Vorktown,

"Oclobvr 18, 178].

Cuptniu Oloey i>roceed3 :

■* I Inquired of the Adjuiaiit, who was a Lifutcnant In Captain ilnnt'-i

■"CaplalnUiDoy, mtImi oomiuanittMl tt)^ flrH plnluou uf GlnuU'a IwtUIloa, li Tnltllcd Iu
peeutlkr apiitRuw.'. He t«l hb placuuii Into ibc nurk wlUi cscmpJarf tntnplilllj, and

444

RHOPR ISLAND IN TBJ: BEVOI.UTIOX.

company. Mr OrnU-«t niiNplnciiiij our nnittCH, bill I ulinll nlwvys tMak. lie
did, either bj miittake or dcHl^i.

"A ditroi' tvrA niter, Colont'l tSlmBl tojd me the Marcjiila WMverysony
A>r the mlsUtke. nnd directed liini to liirorm mi* bo wonld hmio nny Ardcr
I might thinic proper, to ffive NUtlHrnetUm. 1 could onljr sMy, lel It go. the
day ix pfuiL"

Cnptaii) Oliiuy's cuiiipiLnv, in 177ii, wits h part uf the
originul ui-gutiization uf tlie t<ecan(l Khodc Ishind regimont.
The comiMiny then ajiiipriseci thirty-three men, exclusive of

'^^

Thk Olxicv Homkdtrao, XtMini Proviokuck.*

commissioned ottH-ci-s. The entire number in the compiny

engaged in the siege tuunot, with fiIi[*<i]uto rertiiinty, !)e
stated, ait the nuititet' roll apjieitrs to hnve liccn Wt ; but the
following (Jiirty-nine n»ino!> wre jircsorved, signed to 5
receipt for pnymcnt of dcprooiation in then* wngcs, onc-
(jiiitrlvr pHrl of whieh they ncknonledge to liiiv<^ roccived.
The i-ecpipt i» Hated at Mnlvcrn Hill. Va., .luty M, 17Hl.f

■Tlie liouw rcfrru^iilrtl bv llil* ■'nRrarliiii Mt Urttg »go\nloiie<!»f, and wiw tnkcn down.
II fyoialMl Ihe aoiitli. and lind i> iu gc. ttaat dilninrjr am llir wrst rtid.
f Lint of CUplatn SIrithefi Olnvf. hj Mr*. tVtlmrliir II. WIHIbmi*, pp. 1S». IW.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. ' 445

List of Namkh in Captain Stri'Hks Olnky's CoMrAxy,

B L. Peckham, Lieutenant, (\v) Edward Butterick, Sergeant,

Joseph Wheatou, Lieiifenant. Hosca Crsndall, Sergeant,

Thomas T. Brown, Serijfanl. (w) Bcnjamta Bickford, Sergeant,

Arthur ClosHcn, CoriHjraL Nathan West, Fifer.

I'rtvalea.

Edward Chuniplahi, John Saunders, .Joshua Smith,

Joseph roniidori, John Thomas, Itenjamin Bluncliard,

.lohn Rhodes, Jolham Beniil.i, John Chilson,

Sylvester U'oodman, John Chadwlck, Wllltam Bennet,

Southcote Langworthy, Fniinln Dye, David Edwards,

Zebuloii Screvens, (w) Durfoy Springer, (,'harlea M'Afferty,

Samuel Tliompson, John Kiitidall, Bcujiimin Jackson,

Abraliam Rosu, of N. II. Peter Barrows, Benjamin Bennet,

Jaines Ogg, Franklin Tenant, Mathew Hart,

jHines I'oliard, Uriah Jones, Sftmuel Gear.

John Strange,
Total, ;il).

N. B. — Those with a (w) xct ngaiuMt tlielr names were wounded at
Yorktowii, October 14, 17«l.

Atlcst to the above,

B. L. Pkckham, Lii-iUenanf.

Of the orij^inal coiiii)aiiy, enlisted in 177!l, only five of the
men wei-e witli Ciiptain Olncy jit Yorktown, viz., Edward
IJuttei'it'k, John Chilson, Edward Champhiin, Soiithcote
Lan^worthy mid Charles .M'Affert^'.

To stop here wcmld leave the story of the regiment, so
nobly represented hy Captain Oljiey and his "forlorn hope,"
incomplete. Identified as the services of the regiment at
the siege were with the skill and bravery of its commander,
authorizes the following brief

SKETrn OF COLONEL JEnEMIAH OI.XEV.

Lieutenant-Colonel .leremiah ( )lney, commander of the
Second Khode Island Continental Regiment, son of Joseph*

■Mr. JuacpliOlncy wait dpM-cndeil from Tlioiiik^Olnej'.one ot the Ckrlj irltleri of Provl-
drnce. EIi»(li-i<CGDI \» tliroiigli the line of KptnettttOliic]', axraTidH'iii of Tliomat. Joh^Ii

44 ({

RHODE ISLAND IS THE REVOLUTIOX.

and Elizabeth Mawney OIncy, uaa born in Providence, R. I.,
XovemUer 26th, old style, or Decemfwr 7th, new style,
174U. Of his early life, but few trudltions have been pre-
servod. Kis ethicntion Hppears to have i-eceived careful
attention, and sncl^ .iilvitntjif^cs for intcllecuirtl onlture ns iho
sehoolt) of Ihe town then iit!nrdcd, seem to have been secured
for him. lie evidently possessed an enerjretie niitiire Jind
an independent spitit. AVheu he i-eaehed his majority, the
signs of an uppionching' stnigj^rle with the mother country
were visilde, and be did not hesitate a moment to cast in
his lot with the "pons a( liberty," to vvi^ht tyranny, and to
throw otr the y{iku of bondago. lie must soon have Ijtkcri
rank with influential contempi>raneH, a«, in 1774, at ibe age
of twenty-five yciiiv, he was appointed by the tJenenil
Assembly one of the mnniigcrs of n lottery ^mnted tn .Icrc-
miah HtJpkins, of Coventry, for the piirjiose of mitiinp two
hundred dollai's to enable him to procure " tools and insthi-
ntents " necessary to earry on the manufnctui'e of fii"e-!inns.
On the tirst overt art of the liritit^h, at Lexington and
Concord, the patriotic blnod of Mr. OInoy nise to fever
heat, and in May, I77j, he accepted an appointment as
Captain of a company in Colonel Daniel iliteheock's regi-
ment of the "Army of Observation," Levi Tower \yemg Inn
Lieutetmnt, and Xiithaniel Field, his Knsign. In March,
177(1, liis company tTomprlsed seventy-six oliicers, non-com-
missioned otficcTs and privates. The names are here given
as worthy to be associated in memory with the Kentish
Guards, and with others who promptly obeyed their coun-
try's call.

wu A Mg\\tj mpeefKtiW clIli^D of Proiiilciicr, and lirfit, an OlnfT iireet, Mftr 2C«lll
KhIii (Irevt.K iMpulur hoLitr i>r (iilrrtalnniPiii. Thehouicwa* Ion atiiiMiHl slid iB DM'
tona of m I.. Id ihc nortiicMl oorni-r of ihc ^artl flood Mi«lmira«, of luaimiaKBt pra-
patli-ana. in Ibv branohM of itlikli ititi- |ilnn->t irabi ■iiDldcnl (a ar,:.iiiiiiio>lnlc Irn or
ttrclvr pcnoiH. Thi>>« nvrc rracliHl by ■ lltHhl of *I*]M. H»n>, pT<>liilii>-n[ Kml)mi»ii at
the t«wn rrviiirntir M*c«ibl«^ to illteua public niniin. sdiI hcIaIIj ti> rrfM>«li Ihi'iiitclTw
wlltj Ihelr hvorile liercra^e— punch. Tliln Itrr •»• (teillntml. In KiW, iriili intfiirMKi-
carrmnnW, In ttberty hj Hid ■■ mhii at MbprCy," on wtalcb OmmIdd k pairtiitic aralloii <■•*
dttllvcivd rrvgn ii* blffti plUftmn Xty Him* l>awii«r. Tli« araitoa tru priaicil. Tlunccfor-
ward tbc Ircr WM knotm u " Tlit l.lbt-rfy yrce-" ,

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

447

List of CArTAiN Jkhrmiaii Oi.ney's Comp.isy, March, 1776.

Jeremiah Olney, Captain,
Jno. Wyman, lit IJeutemmt.
William Blodget, 2d LieuteniHl,
.loliu Arnistroii;;, Knxi'jn,
Oliver Jenclts, Sergmnt,
SaiDUei Armstrong, Strgeanf,
John Harris, Seryeunt,

Jededluh Busa, Sergeant,
Beojamln Fensc, Corporal,
Stakely Thornton, Corpdral,
Joseph Mesury, Corporal,
John Porter, Corporal,
Francis Haynea, Ih'umm^,
William Blyth, Fifer,

Jno. Booth,
.Toseph Angell,
George King,
Icbabod Richmond,
Obadiah Bridges,
Edward Bennett,
Nathan White,-
Samuel Eldridge,
WiHium Jeffers,
Oliver Tew,
Phillip Morris,
Edward Tew,
Ebenezcr Moore»,
Joseph Bosworth,
Joseph Bilker,
William King,
Eleazer Clarke,
James White,

PritateBi

John VIbert,
Benjamin Eptom,
Ichabod Comstock,
Jonathan Cooke,
Nath'l Hearthan,
John Townsend,
George Richardson,
Ketlre Whlttemore,
Samnel Oakman,
James Hall,
Joseph West,
John Pierce,
John Barrett,
I>anlel Fry,
William Vibert,
John Bishop,
Daniel Williams,
Daniel Delano,

BeDj'n Webb,
John Young,
John Foot,
■Toseph Gardner,
James Lepthom,
Thomas Tlllem,
Samnel Coiley,
John Melzard,
Manuel Knight,
John English,
Thomas Melzard,
Hoses Marsy,
Asa Farrar,
Samuel Ayers,
David Morse,
George Pike,
Richard Pettlduck,

In October, 1776, he was chosen by the General Assem-
bly Captain to serve in the second continental battalion,
raised by the State, agreeably to the requisition of Con-
gress. In February, 1777, he was chosen Lieutenant-Colo-
nel of the same. Of this battalion Israel Angcll was chosen
Colonel ; Simeon Thayer, Major ; David Dexter, Christo-
pher Dyer, Stephen Olney, William Allen and William Pot-
ter, Captains.

Congress, in the beginning of the year (January 5th)
1778 uonfencd upon him the commission of Lieutenant-
Colonel in the Kliode Island regiment, commanded by Col-

448

KHOUE ISLAND IN THE ItEVOLUTION.

ooel Israel Angell. wUieh was " niised for the defeuce of
Attierimn Lilierty," the rauk (luting hnck to January 13,
1777. The other (.oimDissiuiiCil ofticera of the i-egimcnt
were Simeon Thayer, .Major; SnmiK'l Teiiiioy, Surgeon;
Elias Conielius, Sui-geon's Mute; ^Vllliiim Tew, <_'og^»)ha]l
Olney, StvpUeii Oltiey, WJIliaui Allen, TIiuiiiub lliiglie^ aud
William I[iin>pUroy, (']i|>l]iiriN ; Willlaiii I,ittli>tield, Cupluin-
Licutenant ; Tliomiiit Wiucnniin, Adjuliini luid Lioiileiiunt;
Dutee 'lernidd. K))eiie/.er MiK-uiiil)er, l>Bvid Snyks, Benja-
min I.. I'ecklimii, niivcr JeiK-keB, John lluljiwrl and Jo-^ph
AVheatoii, LiL'Ulunaiilt : .lolin Morley (iieene, Joseph Mas-
ury, John Kogei-K, Williuui I'mtt and .Jei-umitth Greeumaiii
Ensigns.

In the same year, n»7S,) Li«iUeiuiiit -Colonel Olney was
engaged wilU (_'olonel Chii^topher tJi-eenc and JIujor Elwii-
ezcr FIdgg, in rccntititig men to complete the Ithi^de Island
<|Uota. A result uf thoir ellurU ivas the formation of the
somewhat celebratt'd hiittnlion (fiituiotimo!* chIIc<1 rogimcnt)
of hlatk.-", of which he was made second in command imder
Cotonel Greene.

In his military career Lieutenant-Colonel Olney is first
found aj) Captain of n^'ompauy, at Froitpect Hill, near Cam-
bridge, Mnti!)., and sU Hunker's Hill, where Putnam, Pres-
cott and Warren, with their brave rank and file, gsive the
British so warm u roecpliuu. Subsequently he is seen at
Harlem HeighU, at White Plains, at 'rrontori, at Princeton,
where he assisted in rallying a demora-Iized body of Penn-
sylvania mililia, at Brandyw*ine, at Kcd Itunk, where he dis-
played unflinirhing bravcrj', and made the memorable x*eply
to the Briticih oflicer mIio, Ihrealuning to give no quarters,
demanded a surrender, — '*We shall not ask for, nor oxjiect
any quarter, but we mean to defend this fort to the last
extremity," — at Monmouth, at Khude Ishind, (in August,
1778,) at Springfield, where forty out of one hundre<l and
sixty men whom he led into the battle, were either killed or

UHOI>E ISLAND IS THE KEVOI.rTION.

Tooke ; but this new <l(>nie«itic relntiou did uot clvUin \%\m
long fmui Iii'k miltljiry diilies. In May, 17x1. he was with
his regiment near the Croton livc-r. After the murder of
Colonel Christopher Greene and of Major Flafj;ji: he becamt',
by fommisRinn, LiiMiten:u:it-Co1one1 ( 'oiiiinandHnt of the
rc^mcnt. These dcatlui rendered Mveral promotions neces-
sary, and ()ti ItiK ret'ornnicndution to Oo^emor (ii^ecne, the
General AsHcnilily, at its Aii^rust session, voted, after fniit>
Icsa objections by Commodore EUek Hopkins and others,
"that t 'ojipofihall Olney he first Major; John S. Dexter,
hccnnd Major; Daiiit'l S. Dexter and DnteeJeran Id, Captains ;
and rlereiniah (treenmnn atxl >Vtlliani Pratt, Lieutenants, to
take rank from the I4th of May; and ihnt Kcu(*cn ,Iohn»on
lie Knsign of the .Hiitne ImttalioD. to take rank I'rom his
uppoiutinent.""

While still in eainp in the State of New Vork he received
the following letter fi-oni Lieutenant-Governor tlaliej: Boweo ;

" I'HUViiiKNrK, ,foly Irt, ITSl-
** 1>KAU Km -.—By itie henrer jOD will recolve the tenbi tbr your regl-
Btoatitutl liu[K' thvy will prnrc to ynnr llkliiK- An the nrtuy mtiiti bv short
of crcry'thlDg. Khonld thlitk It t)e.sL to renerrc » ntimbef of tlie best of tfac
oil] i«iiM, whtcli. logtrihcr n-iib the new ones, msy tu^ «iiincl«ai to Kccoin-
niodate yotir mou, ai)ri deliver the reiiialndnr of the oUI ancn fo thv Qo&r-
tcrtnnNtfr-Gtnii-rnl.

'• Viti] will nlHo r«c«lvc a Itognlieait of tr>o«l Went India ruin, tor the tuc
of tlie unT<:er« of the n-tfinicot, vrlitrit yon mIII dlfltribiiic a» *1iaU l>e
thoujtbt hcr.1. Stiall he ctad uf ii lino, rnmi ilniu lo tlinv. Ictilotc m know
the stale of thu n-glm<Mit, nml cIk' things that majr ha nace^xtiTy to make
yoa comfbrtablc. Vou will alio give mo a hUtorlcAl Account of the move-
oie&u of ihc amiy, should jruu harv luUuru,

" H'lnhlDg yon and all thi' oOlccra health ami ag^torlouti cumpnlgn, I
remain, Dear Sir,

" Voiir tVlend and moxt hamblc ••I'rvant,

•it.i.('tti.UM'.,ix.,in>.

OUR PRENl'n ALLIES.

451

la January, 1J«2, he received from llie Stflto ti-easiiry
£1,1)39 1'iM i)il "for one month's pay of bis Imttnlion," nml
in June of the same your £7 3x itl for expe^sc^ im-uri'c<) in
arrestinjr ilcsertcrs. In Xovcmlicr he iniiili- n re|)<iit lo tho
Genei'tt] Assembly rchilivp to the (Icprci-iiitioii inoney liiiP tn
thirteen noii-coiuiiii»siunt'<l otKuei-etiuU privates of the Hhode
Island conthioiitnl rt'jrinn-nt, shftwinj: ihtit £472 K« Sif were
due them: whereii[>oii ihc- Goncnd Assemhly H|i|j<iiiited a
L-ommitlee to Hut oil' timl a^si^^n lu the »Hi<t perKon^ eome con-
tiseatcd entittc. equal in viiliie to the sum <hie thoni. Other
opportunities uere impnived hy him to iiid those who had
BJicriliced mut-h and received liUh*.

When r^it'Utcniinl-C'olonel OIncy suwceded to tho com-
mand of the reg^imont whieh he led to Vorktown, it i» «flid
that he declined to reeeive ii commission as Colonol. on the
gToiiiid (li:il, in ihe event of hi* being tnken prisoner, ho
could not so easily obtain an early oxdiangro.* This pnicti-
cal view vviis held lo he valid, and was not peruiillod to
interfere »ilh liis exen-tse of the hij^host regimental author-
ity. The winter following the fall of Yorktown he Mpcnt in
Rlifxte Is1an<l, niising men, and in June, I7S3, he iva.« again
in the field, lie uiareho<! hi*, rejriiiioni lo SaniUipi, where
it (iitssed Ihe winter of 17.Si?-,S. While here, tlio nej^nws in
his command were dvl-ailed lo join the expedition under
General Sullivan against Oewegfl — nn expedition that
eaused them- ^nn(■ll surterinif. Ry tl"* ordei- of Mnjor-ticu-
eral Lord Stirlinj;. a L-ouipnny ]>laeed under the t-ommnnd of
Oiptain Klienezer Mtteomher was detached from the ri'giment
and sent to the "New llampehire Grants," f<n- (he pnrpoM-
of arresting two eitixens i-harged with holding nidiiwful eor-
respnndenoe with the enenu'. The expedition failed of siie-
cess, 118 the men had esf:i|)e<l iHjforo its airival.

■ARrr llir dratli of I'olourl ClirivtoplH-r Um-nr, llir llrri Hiid w«<Mid IChiulc IsImkI tnMU
nrnlBl rvfloiunia wrro caiiaollilnlnl. Till* led l» tti* idlrainDnl of rolanpl Imrl A(is*lt.
wlio. In dile Of com miff Ion. wat Junior lu 1 olotu'l <iTr«>iip, anrl LlMtinititl-roloiii'l niiiry
MiMvnM thr latt«T In iiii»i>iaiid,— ^nJf. j>, tSti.

45S

RHODE ISLAKD IN THE REVOLUTIOy.

TLe regiment reuinined nt Saratoga until June 13, 1783,
when, no fiirthor Ki^rvire being' rc()uireil, it wa8 disbnndcd,
nnd Lion Ion ant-('oI one] OIney retiinK^d t<» Providence, and
laying aside the sword he bud carried with honor, ho once
mnrt^ liecnme » private i-itizeii. In pjirling with the men hfi
had led on hflrd-foughl Held*, he issued an order commend-
ing "their vHhir and good trondiict displayed on every ocai-
eion when rtilied to face the enemv in the Held," and "their
prompt obedience to order and discipline through every
stage of seiTice." He assured the officers and men that it
gave him pniu to see thoiu "retire from the Held without
receiving any pay. or even their aceounfjj sellled and the bal-
nnces due ascertained,'* btit exj>reMcd a hope that " Congress
Or the State would make provision shortly for paying some
money on account, and give good aeciiritios on interest for
the balance* dno each individual." After having proffered
his scrvic<>s, whi^ntrvcr in the future ho could he useful to
them, he closed with a few kindly words to those officers and
men who had » longer time to ntrvt in the field. Four
months after his retirement to private life. October 10, 1783,
he Wits brevctted a Colonel in the :iTmy of the United
States, and four months later, February 10. 1784, there was
conferred on him the rank of Colonel in the army of the
Uniled States, hi command of the Khode Island regiment,
to take eflect from May 14. 17N1. Both of those honors
were gratifying recognitions of nioritorinus iwrviccs.

The two standards of the consolidated first and second
Rhodelslarid eontinontnl reginientii were presei-vcd by < 'olonel
OIney, and on the ?8th of Febnniry, 17^4, were surrendered
by him to the Uencral Assembly, in behalf of the officei'sof the
line, "upon exchanging their rnililnry employ meiil fur I he rank
of citizeni*." Governoi' )\'illiam (ireene and Sjieaker Wil-
liam Itradford were apjiointed lr> return, in the name of the
General Assembly, a suitable answer to the coraniunication
received t'rum the Colonel. Thi» they did. assuring him and
his associates that they were happy in receiving the stand-

orn FRExcn allies.

45S

ards, nncl ihal they wfiuld "cnrefiilly preserve the same, (o
commemorate the ncliiovements of so brave a corps." Both
of thcBo Rtandnrds niiiy now bo seen in tho State Senate
Chjimlior in Pntviclent-e. wliere tliey nre grouped with tho
Rhodft Isliind regimental fliigj* nf the war of lJ50i-G5, in a
case protected by gliias doors, thcrts to rcmnin "under tho
immedtiito ejire of His ExccIIcnfy the Governor for the time
being." The stjimiard that beloiifred lo the regiment of
Colonel Israel .■\n<fid]," ttcfore tho consolidation, bears a
legend, as appears in the accompanying engraving.

SEi

K'

.01^1

%

tG\

[SLA VD

i^^w

Considering the hard usage which Ihey experienced, oa
the march and on tho 6cld, and the effects of the atmosphere

*Colonel linirl Anjcvlt, K>u ot 01l>Fr anil NaumB f^Billli) AukfU. irai boin in NuTt}i
rro*l>lFiir«, R. 1., AuKiuI -M, 1> lu, auil dli-U In Jobntluo. U. I . M«}- i. IM^ at ib« tut «r
atM\j nliirij-.aiiF yi-ard, lie ■>«■ lhrr«' lltar* martlrd, und km llii* nilhcf af im-iilrrn
elilldrva. ]|e FsHr enlPivd llic »«); of llv Roioluiloa, and ■prvrilwlth gtfBl rfflclrtiFy
until bU n'Klnirin wo* «•uto|ldal^(l trlih ihr rrrltnent comtDMidcd tj c;o)oii<I Clirt>ru|iber
OMvnr, wlirn, on arcnunt of Ii1> Jtinlnr poiltiun, lip wn* ■MMvvMrllf rrllrrd. Hi* gal'lant
eondiiei at Si>rUijifl<'1'l. .Tiinr Z\, I7m», iLr^n fH>iil WMlilngioD liiv viMririval approbailDn. Ilk
rMojtnlllonoriilii braver* &□<) niUJiarr ttrrlwA ti6 n-M-U'cd iwu fxAC owKlali,— on* ftotn

Wii*)iliigr>in (tiiil llir olhi't traut Ijifafctlc.

4.U

RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOI.CTION.

upim them for b hundred years, (bey &ve in a better state of
proeervstion tbau could have IreoD expected. With the core
Ihoy will horenfli'i- rei-eivc an invaluable rfVivn nf the war of
the Ucvohitiou, llien- Mppeni-s no it'!i(*on why they niay not
gladden the eyes and inttptri! thv bviirts uf patriots in 19S0.

On the ITlh of Doeenibor, I't^H, the Hliodc Island i!!k>ci-
cty nf ilie Cint^innati was iirfrani»cil at the State floudc in
rixjvideiicts with .Major-Genenil Xiilhanai'l (irt-ene aa its
President. Its principal fibjoots were the pi-esorviition of
"those exalted rights and liberties " for which the members
had foui^lit and tiled; the protuotiuii of uniuti and national
honor in the reepec-tive Staie>; the maintcnanuo of the cor-
dial affection subgihtin^ ainon<; the officers ; and the relief of
"those officers and their fnmilies who nnlbrtunalely may bo
under the nereusity of rct-oiving it." Of this Sot-iety.
Licutenant-C'olonel CHney was a founder- lie wa^ also the
first Treasurer, haviniir Mnjor John S. IVxter for an assist-
ant. He continued in tlii* oBice until 17^1', when he was
elected V'iee President of (he Soriely. In 1H(K), he was
chosen President of the Society, a position which he filled
twelve [iuetrcssive ^'eaii*. until his decease. Ilio diploma of
his memhership in the Sociel}' is j>rc.scrve(I in the family of
Mrs. Anita A. Carr, a descendant, now livinjr in Providence.

Tlie ori^nal membership of the .Society vonsisted of sev-
enty-four eommissioned otlicers, "very many of whom occu-
pied the most important civil stations in the t.'oiumonwealth."
For more than forty years, the Society appears to have been
in a prosperous I'onditifm, luul itft annual celebrations on the
Fourth of July were .•icusuns of njuch soc'ial enjoyment to itfi
members ; but iu the lapi^e of lime, the membership l>ecame
so reduced in numbers, that a vote was passed suneudering
its charter to the tc^islatin-e of (he State, and making pro-
vision for the division and distribution of its fund::). In
1877. through the efibrts of hereditary nieuilHtrs, the Soci-
ety was revived, and, in 1x78, n now eliarter from the Rhode

OUE. FRENCH ALMES.

455

Jslnnd Gcnernl Assoiiilily wiis olitiiiiipd. I'mU'r (liis cimrter,
the first offiterawere the Iloiiornble NathaiiHcl Greene, M.D.,
ofNewiJoil, Presifioiil ; the Hnnonihle Siumn Henry Greene,
of River Point, \'ke l*ref*idont ; Henry K. Tiinier, M. D.,
of Newpoi-t, Secretary; .\»a Bird Gaixiner. LL. f)., then of
West Point, AssistAnt 8ecretiiry ; Snmnol t'hnuc Blodget,
of Pi-ovkleiioe, TreiiAiirer : Dtivid King. M. D., of Newport,
Assistant Trciisurer. lu this new i>r^iuizulion, Colonel
OIney, as ho may be called under Iho brecel of 1783, is
reprcMnted by a grcnt-^rmndson, Mr. Thomas Vincent Carr,
of Providence.

Tn 1 78.'), Cohmel OIney wns elected a Deputy to represent
Providence in the GeoemI AHsenibly. His associates were
John Jencket^, PtinI Allen nnd (tmrles Kccnc.

Colonel Olney having boon notiticd by General Knox,
that the tneoniul mooting of the tinrhfy of t/ie Cutcinn^ti
was to bo held in Phihulclphia, on the first Monday in May,
1790, ho -wrote April 2.^th, in reply;

'- It niM inr iiit^-ntioii to lisvp tlit^ boiior of aLtvndtns ttilx Tijvrtfttg, but
I mn prevented by an t!X(r«ue bad colli, wliicb Iia» for some Hiiiw codBii«I
nifi tu tbu lioiisc I'otuiicl I't^ck ur Mnjvr Lyman will ntttrnrl as n delesK-
tlun fl-om llUf) SUtc Koclciy. Our aiiniices being !«innlt Iiks Inttucod tliv
necessity of scnilliig bat one d«li-sat«."*

In 179*1, President ^Vat^lnngton np)K>intcd Colonel OIney
Colleetor of ('nstonis fnr the port and district of Provi-
deni-e. He took the oalh of office, and asMiiiied itn respon-
Hiliilities, Augost 14th, his surety, in the sum of *2,"()n,
being Kuf'us Hopkins, of Sciliuite, R. I. The witnesse.'* to
the bontl »vere Daniel Cooke and Ebenozrr Thonijwoii. The
duties of his oHiee were discharged with honor to himself
and to the cntli'e satisfaction of the government, until 1809,
uhcn he vulunlarily i-esigncd, partly on account of \\\&
objection lo' llie Act cslitbllshing iin Kuibargo. which he
considered wrong Id principle, and uoder which he wan

456

ItnODE TBLAKD IK TUE REVOLUTIOST.

unwilling to contiime in office. "Halving," he snys, in his
letlur of resig^Dutiun utitlresscd to l*rcstcleiit Jefferson, "fought
the buttles of my country through a long nnd {>crilcms war. I
cannot now become instnioicutal iu assisting to rivet upon
my countrymen thoiu: very chains and fetters which I, ou a
former nnd mcniomhle occasion, lent my feeble and zealous
assistance to burst aciunder."

Up to 1700, the MfUiption of the Cnnjititution of the
Unifcd States had been an unsettled f|nest)on in Rhode
Island. Anxioti.-* that the State !<houlcl come ut once into
the Fedenil Union, and secure iht^ bcTietitH to Iw derived
iherefi"om. Colonel Oltiey united with other prominent citi-
zens lliei-eof In cflbrtn to secure this ivsult. Still he had
strong fears that the opponents of the meusurc would suc-
ceed. Writing tu Ilsnnilton, ho «ays :

" 1 am tarry to Inrbrm jrou chnt the cotiveiillon wlitch Is to ni««L In this
StAte. on the first Monday iu Mwrcli iw-xt, Tor tin* |nirpow or Ofcirtina o'*
tlie new CotittlUutiuii, ha-s iii>c so FedvrnI a com|>lex1ou as [ could wisb.
LnstMoudity tvaslliuilfl}- Tor vIvcLiii^ dck'imntvs Oirouubout tlic State. We
bavu heard Troni nil tbe tonu-i, and llud on the closest calcalaliuu tLat wu
cnn reokon only 112 Fc(l<i. and 38 Antls. Tills miikcs our pro:<p<-ct doubtful
inde<;d. However, tlic Fa-deral Uit^rrMt will exert crtsry nerve to effect, it
pu'<«)b1i!, the ndopttoii uT Ihc Connlilutioii, rorwitlioiiL it poverty «ikI dts-
tress or ever; kind will be our tnvarlubie lot."

Fortuniitely for the State his fear« were not realized.
After a Bpiritcd niniirglc. at llio May .session of the General
Asaerably in Newjiort, the Coimtittition was adopted by the
cloec majority of two.

By the appointment of Presitlcnt Washington, Colonel
Olney was made an ulinoner of the United States, to dis-
tribute among the invtdid uoldiei-s of the Khodo Island line
the monthly moitios of the annual bounty resj>ectively due
to theni. No better designation could have been made.
He had shared with many of thcac men their privations.
He had been an eye wituesit of their patient, patriotic
endurance, when tshoeless, clothed in rags, and on shoil

t)Vn K«KNt;il AI-tJKS.

457

nllowHnce of food thoy inarcUed to meet the enemy. Muti-
lated liinliH, empty sleeves and tlir docrpjtit gait of men wlio
dobcneil well nf their country, nppcnicd strongly to hts
symiiatbetic imtiirc, and liu wns liotli glad and proud of fl»
oj)poilMnity to intiko good the assiinmre given in Win tHrc-
well order at Sai-atogw, of his readine»« to serve ihom when-
ever ojfptirtunity should opon. The gnitilirnttim wiUi whieh
Colonel Oiney reeeivcd this expression of the PiHii^idenlV
confidence is clewly manifested in his letter of acknowledg-
ment addressed to .Seeivtftry of the Treaanry Humiltun :

" Vou may be lutsurctl. 8I1-. ttiut ll ulTuiils lut* llir iiiusi singular pk-Bdon?
to (lutl ibnt I ntn »o much In the rememhrjiucc oT thi: l>rcsid«'»t na tu bo
livslgunted by him Ut exocnte Uisl. li-ui«t, nu<1 my rtellnes. Sir, mre no \us»
KmtlHeit In tho riMlccLloit that I can, in nn.r degree, "be MrvlCMbte I0 that
iinfoTtonatc cIiibs. of mir Wlow-rilijxnji."*

The miiiilier on this list, April l.j, 17ilO, wuk forty-six.
The (unouiit puid these pensioners, as tlieir " tirst moiely," in
sums varying from flo, the lowest, to $120, the highest, was

$],i({i. "

I'uder iiu Act of the General Assembly jtt its January
session in IIW), Colonel Olney was appuiriteil on a commit-
tee with Paul Allen and John S. Dexter to examine persons
disjihled in the service of tJie I'tiited .States dnring the war,
and olittiin evidence of Iheir clnims to allowanee for siitfur-
ings while In the service.

In 17Sil. Colonel Olney and Thomas ITnghes, of Free-
town, Masj*., hail herome the largest j)roprictnr8 <»f the
"Anacjiiacket farm" in Tiverton, and of the "Itanistor lot"
in Newport, estates confiscated and "set oft' for the |>aynient
of the halances due to the ofKi'crs ami soldiers of the late
regiment conitnanded liy Colonel Israel Aiigoll." Wishing
to sell the sanie, I'ut having no authority to give good and
sufficient deeds to purchasers, they iippMed to the Oenenil
Assemlily for themselves and the oiher proprietors, to ohlnin

AH

■UaiuiKi1|it letter.

4fl8

RHODE ISLAND IS TflE REVOLUTION.

such [>ower, which was granted, they accounting to the afore-
said proprietors " for their respecti^-c proportions of th^
money arising from the sjile."

In 1793, Colimcl Ohiey was siibjectod to eonsidenible
extra rare and Ulior in collecting and forwarding to West
Poiot, uii the lltidsun river, (l»y the direction of Secretary
of IVjir Knox,) the or<lnonco, military stores, etc., remain-
ing at thi" close of the war in Providence, Newport, Tiver-
ton, Freetown, and elsewhere. Of these ho made careful
8chod«le.s, which wore transmitted, together with a state-
ment of the expenses iiicmivd, to Secretary ICnox. In
unswiT to tin inquiry concerning two bniss field pieces, which
by periniaston of Geiiend Sullivan, had been assigned to the
Providence Coiupuny of Artillerj', formed at the comnionee-
inent of the war, and commanded by Colonel Daniel Tilling-
hast, he says ;

" I find on Inquiry that the Itro Held piece* were jjellvcred to Cotond
Tilltnghiuit'a compniiy of urtlllerjr al tho time or his cxpcilUluii on RhcKle
IkImdi] in ihe j'ear I7T9, nntl tbey have ever btcn In their possesMon. Tlio
CADiiou urc kept hmiscd mid in ^oail onler. Your pcrtnEttiti)! tliem. Sir,
to remain with this cotiipniiy wiil he productive of miirh gooO, as this
compony is tlio only remnliiing suimniiy of discipltne la thu StAte, and
they tnkc B pecallnr prklc on till public nct^iiictEin to exhibit a niArtial
iippeamnc«!, nnil (Mirtlculnrly wheii tliey fprm a procpjision in coiijitncllou
n-itli t.he CincUiniitl of Uils Suitt; at tlie aoniversary oT th« Inilependence
of our cuuotry oa tlic 4lli t>f July." •

It is not known that these guiia were ever removed from
Rhode Islaml.

The attachment of Colonel Olnoy toWashioglon remained
itnabuted till the dose of life, and when the news of tlie
death of " the Father of his Couutiy '" shed its glcwm upon
the hearts of the citizen.-* of Providonro, ho was a member
of the committee appointed by the town to uuikc oiTangc-
metits for a funeix^iil connnemoration of that sad event. The
7th of January, ItfttU. was ihe desigiuitcil day. In tho

Otm FBESCH ALLTRS.

i5»

mornirtor n tiiUhjiiuI ualiito whs tired, hiiiI al inti?rvuls of every
half hour, while the proteMioii was moving, « ciiniinn whs
disuharfre*!. The iiroccssion, funned on Broiul street, wns
(■(imjiosod of civil nud military offii^'era, most of the inrorpi>-
r:itcd societies in the town, and the Mngonic bi*elhren. The
escort conBJstcd nf the Light Dmgijons, Ihe Independent
Volunteers, and the I'nitcd Train of Artillery. The pi-o-
cession ptoeuoded to the house of Colonel Olney, where it
received the hier, and thence to the First Baptist Meeting-
house, where a fnneral oration wan delivere'l hy George Bnr-
rill, Esq. AlU'r this aervii'e, the proee«Hion moved to St.
John's church, liev. Ahrahani 1... Clnrk delivered ii short
addres!<, while the liicr wat« set doun, niter which it was
depositeil uniler the chtuvli." The jmll henren* on tills orca-
sion were -lercmitdi Olney, Willinni Allen, Christopher Olney,
Ehcnczor Muconibcr, John Spun*, and John S. Dexter, all of
whom had been otfioers in the army.

In stature. Colonel Olney wii» above niedinni height, of
cooiniandiiig aj>pe;u-nnee, eonrtcous in luannevw, and without
show of self-eon scionsnefts. Exact In the peiformaneo of
official business, his books and papers were always in readi-
nesB for insjwctinn. No poHruit of hira was ever painted.
The silhouette presented on page 44Jt gives a correct protilo
of his features. This, with the sword he wore atYorktown,
pictured on the snmc page, an original impression of Biui-
man's plan of the siege, and two camp chairs, are preaer^'ed
hy Mrs. Carr, oh precious niementus of her patriotic aocea-
tor. To her friendly courtesy I am indebted for ])ermission
to take copies of the silhouette and sword, as they ap[>car
in this vohime. The existence of a fourth copy of Bauman's
rare plan of the i^iege was unknown to me until after page
■123 had been printed. Possibly others may horenfter Ijc
brought to light.

An interesting souvenir, picked np at Yorklown by Colo-

'Stiplri' Aanalt of Provldeow, 373, STt.

460 RHODE I8LA1TD IN THE REVOLUTION.

nel Olney, aod preserved by Mrs. Carr, is a beaatiful tor-
toise-shell pocket toilet-case, inlaid with silver, which
belonged to a British officer. A miniature perfumery bot-
tle, though empty, still exh^es the fragrant odor of the
attar of roses.

The home of Colonel Olney was in a house, still attractive
in appearance, on Olney street, near the site of the old
homestead inn. Here he died November 10. 1812, in the
sixty-third year of his age. He was buried in the North
Burial Ground. The slab covering his grave bears the fol-
lowing inscription :

Sacrkd to thr Hkmort oi^
Col. JEREMIAH OLNEY,

A I'utrlot of the Revolntlon — lata Collector

of the Castoms for the District

of Providence,

aud Presldeot of the Society of Cincinnati

of the State of Rhode Ittlond

and Providence Plantations.

He closed his honorable and nseftil Life,

with Christian Serenity,

on the 10th Day of November, 1812,

In the 63d year of his age.

As a Citizen

he was vlrtnous and public spirited —

Hs an Offlcer

he was ardent, judicious and Intrepid —

The unquallflcd Approbation

of Washington, his Immortal Chief,

is a demonstration of his Worth,

which will transmit his Name,

In the Anuals of his Country,

with Reputation to Posterity.

To his natural Elevation of Koul

were signally united

the Purest Honour and Integrity,

ft'oni whleh no Intarest could swerve,

OUR FRENCH AI.LIBB.

no ]>an|;«r appnl lilin —

lil« Couacknce wu his MoDltor —

TriUli nil] .Il)Mt)L■l^ wtrc: Ills GnMcs —

ilospitAllty and Bcnovnlonrc

were conspiiMioua Tmits \a hifl Chamrter,

biid hts RelnUons snrt Friends

will cliertth the Remi^nihMDcc at Ms Vlrtucti

while " Memory holds a Seat." •

S. Tinplty Se.

Such bt oil iui])oi-fect sketcb of the life nnj services of one
who served hU country well in her hour of need, who was
fiiithfiil lo all trusts cuumiilted to him. who In life hpUl nn
honored [iluce in the respei^t of hiu fellow-citizens, nnd in
death was sincerely mnumcd.

THE ACOOUS'T or THE SIEOK KESl'MRD.

The nan-ativc of the «iogc, interrupted by the precwling
Ijei-soniil notice of Colonel Olney, is rpsiimcd with the rela-
tion of 3in incident of Colonel Tarleton and the Dukedc I*nn-
/,uii. At GlonccHtcr Point times were lively. The foive of
llrigailicr-General M. de Choisy con9i$te<l of almut fifteen
hnudred niilitin under Genornl U'eedon ; the Duke df Lau-
zun'^ Lej^ion of t*i\ hundred cavalry and infantry : and eight
hundred marines, furnished by Count de Orasse. The for-
aging [rarties of the Dritiflh commander becnme annoying,
and one morning, while out in foi-ce. to check " n gnuid for-
age," Laiwmi wa^ infurnied by a woiuau, of whom lie
inquired concerning the enemy, that Colonel Tailoton had
just left her [ilnce, expresi^ing an eager wish "to shake hand:*
with the French J^uke." Liutzun laughingly replied, that he

■Xttar by rv\iatm the rEiiMliit ikf 111* irirr. Ilrt nrBiiitliiiiP Ix-ar* IIh- fi>lla«ili]C iDxrip-
lloii: " Td iiii-D)i>r> of Mn. liAMAH Or iiRT, | rallct 'if I ol. .lirrKiiilali Olnrf, I and dttn^trr
aCllwMa|tior.McliolM4'(K)kr. I Burn Urc. ;l. 17U. | blH<K<l. W, IMl. | «!«)■« t*mr<.-
nWICvhwi- Hlvrn la crrnoriiu*. If ahv iHnd lt> ti*i:t. alir wmiM hnir Ih^-M Ui her r1xlll>-
plfhlhfnir; ir In IM*f,ufoiin<l In MliffT rwronl*. tliaHOPld kaT<>bn>p In livralfflilTarTnitl*
yi-HT. 11)' »nlr ehlM bora to Ci>lniM<l *MiitT mm « ilauirhUv, Mary Hmmltu (*te«T. wli«
WM lunrrli-d tu t!iiauivl L'urr, of W«il«rtt. H, I., Htrefa a^ lai.

462

RIIODR T8I.AKD IN THE KEVOLUTION.

had come on purpose to gratify litm, and iiamcdintel^' dnshod
forward in pni'siiit. Soon the l>nko iind Tiirlnton nicti iiud
a brisk skirmish nt close quarters fciltowiid. In the encoun-
ter, Tarlcton'8 bnr&e suddenly plurijfed and fvLl, ijeoring his
rider to the ground, and but for the timely apiiearanoc of
the main body of the British cavalry, the Colonel would
have been taken prisoner — a method of "shaking hands"
for which he had no inclinntion. The encounter cost the
enemy a considerable loss of men, and one officer killed.
Upon the Held of Ihis skirmish Oenei^il de <"hoiay estal>-
lished his muiu camp, and lixiug strong advanced jH>sts
nearer to Gloucester, he held the |X)sition during the resi-
due of the siege."

In thi8 encounter, the Duke dc Laii/iin had three men
killed and eleven wounded. Among the latter was Count
Arthur Dillon. The British loss was fifty men killed or
wounded. Of the foniier was LieiiliMiant Moir.

From the lOih of October to Iho K'llli, the lH)mbardment
WHS incessant. A red hot shot from a French battery set
fire to the " Clmron," a Hrittsh forty-four-f^rti" ship, which,
with several other smaller vessels, at anchor off the town,
was consumed in the night, making a splentlid ilbimiantiou.
A few simiUir shots drove the " Gauilaloupc," of thirty-two
guns, from her station, to seek safety on the opposite side
of the river, t

THE SOKTIE.

At about four o'clock, on the moroing of Octolier Ifith,

• SJr BntiMirv Th/Mod wm Imm In I.ItwtkmiI, Rii]r1ani1. Aupi'l 31. '--V* He wnrd In
AmericA uudrr CI Inlvn, !!«<];« aadl.'oroHalll*. Jletra* n L>rn*e Imc Mnirulnsrr vfflcer, ■*<]
(TM nolpi] Tnr crualtjr. In .ImiitHry. 17'<1i tic n>« ■lrft--atcd b; Gparrnl Slutgan, arar tlM
CowpriM, S. '^. AIYor rvTumtnx lo KuRlati'l, lio na> niiul* ■ Cfncinl, mid. In ITW.naa
elKim 10 rnrltemrDt. In IMi<. lie titaimc a linToncl. In ITK. ho publUlMd In Loudun m
■' Ulitiirj iif Oil' C«iii|<*l)tiii of ]rv>-^1 " Hr ilieil .laniiHrir £\, tXO.

tAt tti« i-ouiiiicocvnii'iit uf lliu >ir|iv,OmioallIi ImO IbCfUppurl vt tli« fallow Inn ariamj
TCMcU; The ChaMQ.U gUM: <>auil»lotipr, a^i Old r.tWAjr, i»; Ilniieiu, tltwp-oT-nr.
U; btig Ueflkncc. 10; brig .^iiltllrr'. I:!; iloop Fonnltlnlile, 10; iloop Rnmblrr. 10; (loop
SaHuma, H: Tnrktoii. li;, bvildci tbcw. iliicrc wn* m Ur|cc uiirab^r of •miUcr vMwli,
crn|ilo>ed u tnatporu, •encniil ar nliicft wrrc Mink.

J

OUK FRKNCn ALLIES.

46S

Colonel Robert Ahei-eromUie, ai the hend of four hundred
men, made a iiortie upon two unfinished redoubts occupied
by the French. The impetuosity of the iissnult wjis, for the
moment, iri-eslstihle, and the French wore driven from their
works. Seven oinnon in the redoubts ivere liiistily spiked
by the enemy, with the points of bayonets ; but soon sup-
ports under the Count do Xoiullos came up. nnd shouting
"Viveie Hoi.'" rushed furioiuily uiKtn the assailants, com-
pelling; them to reti-oat with a losa of eight men killed, and
twelve taken prisoner?. In a few hours, the cnnnon were
unspiked and doing deadly service against the enemy. On
the following dny. the 17(h, no fewer than one hundred
pieces of heavy ordnance, (cannons nnd mortars, ) were la
position, pourinjr Ilieir fiitat missiles upon the liesicged.
Never before had such thunderings been heard upon the
peninsula.

•• October's clear and naonda; sun
Palsd la tlie tiroatli smakc uf tbe gnn,
And duwu iiiuhCs dwublc blndiiKaii fell,
LU(6 ft dropped slar, the blazing abell."

A.N ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE.— THE CAPITULATION.

" From YorktowTi's rutiw, ranked and sUU.
Two Uu4^ afreH'li far o'er \'a]« and hill:
Who cttrlM ]il<i f-utnA ni licadof one?
Hark! Llir low miirinitr: \VM»hinf^i>n.!
Who bonds lii» kern approaching k'*^'^'^*'
Whtrn dfiWT) the gorRcoua line at Franco
ShlDi? knlxliUy MUr ami [iluiuv of sdow-7
Thou tou AM vic-tur, Rwbaiiitir-aH!"

Wmittih*.

LlIE end drew nigh. The "boy" had not been caught.
Washington was proving himself more than a match
for his accomplished adversary. The French wing under

4fi4

RHODE ISLAND IK THE REVOLUTION.

ICu(-lt;iinlicati. in the trenches unci on the Held, gave tlic
enemy do rest. Vay l»y day, Lord ComwalU* felt himself
intreasinj^ly pressed, and the prospect of ifiK-llintr the
ttciticgers jzrew more hopeless. The enrtliM'urks of llio
liesicged wore no lon^'er reliable defences. The ncciiriite
gimnory of Knox and of d*AI)oville iniide ffltal any nttenipl
lo strengthen ihe pohilion hy nhatis, and rendered the Ii}»ht
f^aixing^< of nu nt-eonnt. 'J'lie hurbting shelU and the ricochet
tiring from the American and French halleries weru alarm-
ingly fatal. Many houses in the town were greatly dom-
ngod ; some of them were in ruins ; dead men and horaes,
lightly covered with earth, i-xliakd rjHVnsive odors, and
deepened the gloom of devastation. The wrtic, from which
much was hoi>ed, had failed. Sir Henry <'linton"H pi-omise
of seasonable re-en force men Is had not l»een kept. .Sickne&s
was coust4intly diminishing the number of abte-liodicd men.
"The strength and spirits of those witliiri the works were
much exhansted by the fatigue of constant watching and
iinreiuitting duty." Ammunition for the heavy ordnance
was growing scarce, and for protracting the defencts the
Uritish connnander of artillery was re(hieed to the use of
one eight inch mortar, "and little more than one hundred
eohorn shells."

Under these disheartening circumstanoes, hut two courses
lay oi>en. First, to escape across the river to Gloucester,
and retreat thence to New York — a wild and an impracticable
idea — and second, to suiTender. On the night of the lUlli
uf October, the tirst plan was tried. A detachment was to
be left to capilulate for the towns-people, hikI for the sick
and wounded ; on whii;h subject a letter was ready to h^
delivered to General Washington. With the tdmosl secrecy.
sixteen large boats were eniplnyed in ferrying over the
troops, but the work was arrested by a violent storm, which
compelled their return. Now came the second plan — trj'-
ing, mollifying, but inipo.^siblc to •ihnn — surrender. In
the uecesiiity for tUh step the principal otl^lcerii of the aiiuy

Uim PRBNCll ALLIES.

465

L'oiK'urnid, tlion^li Lu .suiiii: it suciU'Cil uiiticcoesary. Ou
the 17lh, C'ui'nwalliii Jiddresscd it nolo to Washington, pro-
[waing a cessation of botitilities for twenty-four houi-s, to
settle tornw Tor tho stirifmJcr of Vorktowii iind Gloucuster.
Tho latter gninte<l a cessation fov two hours, in whit-b, Iteforo
tLe meeting of coinniist»ionuns. Lord CornwuUif* was to pre-
pnreaml Irniisniit to liini llio Ijiisin of Iiib proposuU. This
was done. He pi-oposcd ibat tlio garrisons of Vorktowii
iind Gloucester should "he prisoners of war, with the cus-
tomary honors," and that the British !>hoii]d " he sent to
Britain, and the GorciianA ti> ficrmany. under eiijfagement
not to serve against France, Anu'rirn, or their iillies, until
released or regularly exchanged."

In rnpJy, Washin^'ton olyccled lo this Inst proposition as
inadmissilile. ^Vilh regard to honors, he siud tlie surren-
deriiig' army tiliould receive the same as >vere granted to the
American giirrisMin Jit Chnrlestun.

Ifcforc the (wo hours expired, CornwalIi:» acceded to the
basis of a treaty of capitiihilion indiciitcd l»y Washington,
and the whole subject was committed to commissioners, wbii
met at "ifoore'ft House." on the ItJth, to give final form to
the articles. The comiuissioners on the part of tlic British
were I.ieutenimt-Colonel Dundas and Major Uoss. The
Fitfuch and Americans were
reprei^entetl liy the Viscount ^

de Noailles and I,ieiucnant- /^ ^^ ^Z.<i4^^C.^>^
Colonel Laurens. The arti-
cles, fourteen in nimihcr, weiv onrcfidly drawn, guaixllng the
rights of both parties, iiucording to the rules of war. The
officers were to retain tlieir xide arms, and both officers and
soldiers were to keep their private property, without being
subjected to sean^Ei or inspection ; the mildiers were to be
kept In A'irginia, Mjii-yland and Pennsylvania, as much by
regiments as possible, and a Held oihcer and other officere on
j)ui-ole, in proporiitm of one to fifty men, were lo Iw allowed
to reside near them, and to be witnesses of ibcir tivatment ;

89

BIIUUB IRhAND IH THE RRVOLUTION.

oflic'er« were to be iillowed to keep soldiers ns jwrvants ;
liDspitftls wer» to he ItimishcJ for the sick and wounded ;
llie general, shirt", and otb<T officers were to lie peiiuitted to
go on piitxjle to Kurope <ir elsewhere ; the artillery, gnus,
a(x^o1ltrcmonts, military cheats, and public stores of every
donoinination' frere to be dclirered up unimpaired; and tbe

"MonilKN nikDSB," YoUMTOWX, VlXIIIXIA.*

" Boncttn," sloop-of-war, was to he placed at the diaposal of
I/ord Comwalli*, to carry dejjpatdies to Sir Henry Cliitton,
«aid vessel to I>c nfltenvards ddivorod (o the order of Count

■" M<Hirc'4 llouap," In wlikll IIip Amrrlcaii. FrpncS anil Billbli CommlMlnnrri nirl In
•PCtJp th» form* of mfilliilallou, !• (Iiiiolcil on thr "Triniili? I'arni." alnm onv lalln aBit ■
lia]t ritftot Vorhiawn •illncr. and uol fur froni llir York river, wlilclt It fVoiglt. tu insi.l
lilmiJi wn> li'ilIC utinii llir rrdr iir (lir Iiuhm-. ■Hbnllnp a |ili>«*anl Miullu'rii Ittuk oul himmi
till- I'KlriiiJ'f I'luln, OrlKliiatly clii* Imxiw w'r> Ilir tvlilcpre ortlot*fnor Sfiiiil>wun4, MhI
i«itnciilli>'t " llir Stiotl-viHiil jilrvrv." At llrv time ur Xhe tvm iik'r il wv ownnl ttaAoeeu-
filnl bjr ■ Inily fknilMarl) It nun n >• "Aiinl Moore." :41ie I'^nic ajto dpparlnl l)i)> lifi>> l>iit tb*
liiiutr iilll ri-lHlii* Ix-r iiHic. Tilt Ixiuie [■ to yvniidi-il will) (he tililnry ul (iir ak'itn and
full uf Vnrktoitii, tliut It wOl ever brkJi object uf luicn-t to ii«rtoii« vliltiua it>c baiilr-
AMt uf VJrglula.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

4fi7

de Gi'asiiu. Other pravifions were nmde, which it is uut
nccosssry tu mention here.

Tho thinl article in the treaty of cfl[>itiilation wns tho
most trying; to tht) prUb df <'ornwiillis. It prtivideil thnl
his troo|w should innrch to (he plnre desifpiftted for hiyiti;;
down thoir «rms, "with shouldered urtiis, tulors cased, lind
drums Ideating " British or a Gcmuin march." To this
article Hie British commissioners objected, and endenvored
in viiin tu obluin n inodilicutioit. "It h a hui-eh article,"
sttid Mnjor Koas to Colonel I^urens. " Ves, sir," rnplifid
the Colonel, "it ii* a hnrsh nrtide." "Then," inquired tlio
Miijor, " if that id j'oiir opinion, why is it here V " In reply.
Colonel Lanrcns, who served under Oenersl I^incoln iit
('hiirlesloo, and wm there taken prisoner, reminded the
British coramissioncr that these were preciecly the tertUH
dictated to (he Aniericsin arm}- and enforced hy Sir Henry
Clinton on that occasion. He closed the colloquy by saying,
"This i-eniaiiid an article, or I cease to be a comniisaioner."
The article stood.*

The terms of capitulation were prefaced as fullowa:

"Akticijm or CAPiTt^wno!*

nettliKl bcttrocu IIU Kscollency General WoAliliiglon, rotnmaudrr-in-
CUicr of tlic ctunblned forcM of Aiiicr(c« aiid France; His Escellpucy llie
r'nuiiL (le Udchnintit'au, LIciiteniiiil-deiieral of tlif iirmii-m of th(- Kin;; tiT
t'riiiK'c— (ircat Crnss of lli« Itoyiil anil Military Onli^r of tft,. Lrtuiit —
comniHlKlInK Uu" Jilxlllary troo|i8 ofHin Mnsl riirUlliin Majesty- In Aliier-
Icn — »iid Ills Kxcetlfiirv the Count de Oriisso. LWiKviiunt-Gi-uvrnl of ibu
uaral urmlcs o( U\s Must Cbrlatlaii Mnjrsty, C'umninndvr uf the Order of

• •■ C'oiiiircinl Mllli (I>1( tiuiiuwiiuii ihi-rr I* » >-iiiii;iirT»ucr of clrcunintuiirck mi pecii-
tiarlr itmnTlutl'l^, th&i I <atjiii>i uinlt tu tiutlrt' tlipm In llili plurv. Mr. He nr>' I^urrnn,

«rhu nui ilp|iiit(.il 1)1 I ''>i)grci> ai iiur iiiiifiiioHilur In lltillnnil, uib< ntjjIiiriHl nnd tnUTiin)
lnli> fltifilBiKl. uml rlu*Ply miil mutt Hic'iMd't)' cunniicit In Mtc lower of |j,>uiltin, LuM
< 'nniwullia lUBlaiu* tlic Dlhcr i>r I unit n Mr rn iJir fttHrr; u-f rourie Hr. I^unn* i* UU
lirlnonar. Thr «iii, ('oIomcI Joliu Liiurvuii. •l<]>iilHtni iltr i-oii<ll(ftiii uf itip lumtiidpr of liar
4 oDiralili-, who bfconim uur prUontT, wIiIIp Mr. l.aiir«iil. Ihe fHllirT. mnnlix cotillElvd tu
III* towi']-. B> (irlHriitT to llii' i-ai'ltin-il CiJlitlHUc. Cuiijirra liwl (i-n iiu mil tliBl Mr, l^iinii*
ii)ii>iil(] hr nwrixHl In pxi'liniiit*- 1*"' (ivtirr*! Kiiripi^ur, IhuI |I»' t^^<•|l<•■lll wan n>J*M»d by llti'
jlrltl'li ifnini nival. Atlt-r < Viriin alllt wii* nupliiri-il. Uum-srr. lir vi^ ridtljly rccriiMl ID
«xc)iKiijte (or Mr Ijiiirvn* "—Thutilirr.

468 BHODE ISLAND IN THE BBTOLUTION.

St. Louts, commaadlng la chief the uaval army of Francu In the Chesa-
peake—on the one part^and the Right Honorable Earl Corowallls,
Lleoteuant-General of Ula Britannick Hajeaty'a forces, conimandioif the
garrlsoiu of York and Gloucester; and Thomas Symonds, Gwi., com-
manding His Britannick Mfl|)est;'s uaval fl>n.-ea in York Rlrer, In Vir-
ginia, on the other part."

. Then follows tbo several articles of particulars, closing
with

"Articlk Htd.

" No article of the cnpltiilstion to be Infringed on pretext of reprlital,
aud if there be any doubtrul expressions In It, tbey arc to be Interpreted
according to the cominou meaulng and acceptation of the words.

"Done at York, In Vlrglula, tlils I'Jth day of October, I78I.

"Done 111 the trenches before York Town, In Virginia, October 19,
1781.

-« A„.t.<_

7/f ,h UA

en mon nom & celul dc Comte de Grassc.

At Gloucester, the enemy surrciulcred to Geneml de
('hoisy on terms similar to those prescribed for the IJritish

OCR rilE^-CII ALLFES. 460

army in Ynrklnwii. Out- of his rttloiilitrt ivn-s <it'liv<'ri'ii lo
n (ielatfinicnt of Fi-eneli, and Ibe other to » tlctmhmcnt of
Atnericnn troops.

Whi'n tlic nt'frotiulioiis L-umracncciI, Bnron Stfiiljon was
I'timmnndinp; in the IfencUi-'S, "licro liu insisted tiii rcmnin-
iiig itiitil tUey were completed. He cliiimcd that this was

Coui.iui. IlKKKv t]iiAiiiM)nx,*

iiL'L-ordin<; to Lho otiinicUo In Kiimpo : thiit t.Iio ntfcr of (riiplt-
iilfttion had hoen made during bi» guard, iiud thnt it was a

■roloiid llriif/ l>rarlii>ni at Ilili lUiii; Win \»l'tAiil (|iinr1i-riiiA>l«T'lii'iii-r>l in t'nlnnd
Tlinnllir I'IrknIiiff- Tu lilm wi» aulviifl thf diilr of (<iill''i-tlii|i iiiiil Mriirlnx ilia* niltlliify
ami wilier wlorc* iiirr^n dentil Bt liloiiwiti^r — a dllllaill pnrt tii rvMUlf, *iifrounilf4l lU h*'
!»»», by > ImhI itf iillCirTrn. I'<ir llt>.< wuiil iif mlHirk-iil niiiltiirllv nt llr>l.iiiiil In lliu almtacr
of nccwiMiry iiuiniiiiii', miii'li i>f llir |>n)|H'riv, [iii-liiiDnK ni'Hrl} all tli«' ti-nl*, wk« irnlon,

(.liilontl iitiuhora vrm a Urnvi: (ifllorr, fiixl nliKri-il El>pu|>)iri>h*il(ih »f WaihlnffTon. ARrr
IIh> etiiti- iif llir K(-i (iln 1 lun , lie H-itlnl In Muiiiiuiulli. Ur.. uiiil n«* a ninribtT of Coiikcvm
frniri llmt ilUlrivt. Ilr nm^ luiTL-rtLvcly .Munlml uf >liilii<--, I'l-'llL-clur ot llir I'url at Boa-
loii, amt iu Ihr war of i'-tt, heM ilir roiiiiiiliilnii nf M-nior lliiJrir.Cii-iii tal of thr Vultnl
Slatri aniiv. In )»>'*>, lie imi nttpnlritctl Snulttt-r Iu INirtiiSol' Hi' "■■ I><»ll In Varlli
llaiiipluit, N. H., Icliniarjr 71, t;:.l, andillivl ut liU fcnt tii Itoxtiur^, Mhh, Jiiiir fl, IKRi.
tlL-|iul)li.-)Hrdnn iiiTi^ciiini >>f Itii- linttlrot Itiniki-r't Hill, nliHt xn-nllyilliircirbpil the frlrnilB
«r (iFiiFral riilnBin, niiO wlikli \t-'\ to nii rxtinilr.l •|[>cii>-I»li nf Ilir .|in-itloli, ■' Who colu-
maiHlfliit Bunkrr^ Hltl.'-*

470

BBODE I8r«V!n> IK THE RErOLVTION.

jKiint of honor of whioh ho would not deprive bi« troops, (o
remnin in Cli<) trenches till the cnpiliitation was ^igncd, or till
linstilitieA i-oeonimeiieed. Lafayette, who, with his division,
had nppmaclied to relieve the Raron, referred the suhjcet t"
W:iKhiii<^.oii ; but Steubt'n rciniuned iu the ti'enchcs until
the British flag was struck.*

UEM:itllTIO.N OF TllK SURKEMIEII.

The ctiptnrc of the redoubts in whit-h, us h«s Hiretidy lieen
seen, Captuin Stephen OIney porfoitned a conspicnoiis jmrt,
WHS an Important preliminary to the downfnil of Vorktown.t

• Kan..

t SIpphoii Olney WM (li!*opn<)«l In ih* Onii gi-ni-ritlltiii from ThORiM Ohi^, a Jobil |ir».
|irii>li>r Willi Rufer WlUloni* lii tlip "frDtlilriH* I'urcliBM" MewiuilMifii tn \otiIi Pnnl.
'Ivncr. It. I., IJcJohM It ir.V>. In 1~4, hi')nini^l ItiC- N.irtli l'ro*lil«nce HBUjtcrt." com-
iiiniidi'rl Ii;f ('apiiilii .lolin \iigrll, ami of kIiIcIi Iii> wa* sp|<ollilL-il t.liiign, Tliii cviii|iiin}'
wHn uhiicIkJ [II tho rpsln)''''! c«runi«ii<1<'il hv I'oloiirl l>anl«l HirrVurk, aiul uiarctDMl w lili
llio rrflradil to Kiixtiury, Hliirrr II riinicn)><il. |>[|>ir to I hi- hulllc nf Itnnkpr'i Hill. Mr.
(tInPT waa *nIiM-i|ii«>nltr<iiiiii>iU*t(>iiHl (*h|<Iii1ii of aTvruiiiitiir In ilia bm»>i>< cuullneiila)
n'KliDvnl, ct;'i<iinan(l«1 byCuloiHrl Ifmrt Aiijril. He Km* ID Uw iKtIiMK nn l^mg lalMid,
Wlillr riiiin.i. nii<l hi uiImt jilim-a ill III)- vlrinily oT Not York. Ilr wm alMln tlir batik*
at liraniliwIii-F, n<-r<iianiijwTi, !i|irln)rlli'|il. wlicrr In- wafu-uunil*'!. I'url Mrron', and Man*
niDalli. and wa> liutlt-d with llir nrmy ■( MorrlikiirD, tn Ilir wjolrr of ITTs. Hb com|MUiy
iTiu dctnilnl Imm \U n-glim-ni and uiiarliHl to (irnnnl I«ni}oltc'B rainniMiil In VIr(tlii)M.
unlll Ihviilfiiti of ViirklnwM, hIipii Ii rp>otnc><I \\'<t nifiln nTmT. Hi* na* Ihe tint Amprknn
hlfiDil *hr4 Kllhiii Ihr mloiihl hr mi huliflii ■ivlril, iinal ilir Mrnund Mr rt'oiUrcil ill liU arm at
tliBI liiiifi tH'i-iiAii>> *u iriiiilflrtitiiii- Lii 1x11 iu Id n-ijiilrn iiiil]iiiliilinii.

tVMlv tilll iirir U^tticldwii. Jii'it- 1, i;w. 111.- WM>tc tlic rullonlnjt Irltur t-> Hr. Jvlin
JrlJ«k«, of Nurlli I'rmSik-ncT, it-icaluijc [hi>4 |ir!tnliiiiit ami iirrM'itl iiniU:

" I liavi' tiiil liuil till- [ili'iiiurc In lirar ritiiit you •Iiirp I Irfl Iiiihjp, lltl lij IJoloiivl Olnvj,
will nrrlro'llix-n lust fvriilBK. and jainlipmon iinlrtmal mtl-hicli'iii to ilir T*«lttiriii

t<Njwvllii|C ■III' itirprrdntloii moni-y, lhuii)(i] •oiii-p liLia)[lni-cl Ihi-lr iliir nu mum >'»t "Iwrli
llia-y n>iiti'l till- H-ltlniipiit to lir inwli' i^D tli'- ilTJrlPil niIi-> ut JU>(l<->' wrri* coiili-al.

" W'r liiivi- Uod u ti-mnrbalilr lltiit- d dronilit tliU vitf ; na liin|[i-r Ihnii ou« day |Nu<t
lliiTF HU* ilii' KTi'Nii-'t ]iri»|ii-cl 111' H raiiiliir I ■•ii>r MW. bill tliir blp>*«I ilioileT w* llBil

y«-*ti'!ri1i>T miiik- iiiiiiir* mill'- niiiilu.

" 1 liii'lii*!' yim a iii-wi>jii4|ir-r talilcli jcl<<-> I In- nioti utilliintli- im-iiiilll 1 kliuM' Df CAItMTU-
iiiK I'liaili-'i'inn, llirn- U a linintlilll of Kti iiii'lr>n'* from Ni-n- Yiirk, ulilrli iu«ntlo«a
riiuriiilunii IhIiik iHLi-n llii- U'lli ol Mtty. fU j^urral ofllMr* Hnd Ave ar »lx llWHMBd
Irunja BUirviKli-ml ihi-inac'lti-ii iiTlwiii'ti, liMtlng' Jiint iiliir liuiiilnHl iticii In liir tUgr.
?«liic Uoit'l lidli'Tf l)ili,n< llir i'i->»i,-l Itial brouclit IIif iitw>arrl<T>l lli«iU;r* tlti-r llivlowii
wiu liikrn mill itid nut lirliic I In- |uiiMriilaii>, iiu* Iniiiiiil li> llnlilax, hiiiIhni uliHevd to |iUt
Into Ki*w '^urk [o Iran- a niiniluT of iirUniirr* vliv liail iTiki-n ••n l>i-r i«>sa}C<'. wlik-b nua
luil Hiiirr llion tell ilayt. Il»»i'<rtr, I (tar Ilii-f* \t too uiiieli it»m>ii Itrbctkiv lltr ttiilli nT
\l. 1 1 •r<-iii> inHlli-ri an- i-oiiir imr In ■ irltl'.iiiiil iii.-tvr »■« llii- ri--i llim nl c-ii-r<~ liiill-
liiluiil iiinri- iiii-ili'it tlinii III tliit liiiii': In uvl aii nrint In llii> lii-lit el iiiirwipnt iiitiiiiM-ra <•
ill t;i-l><-i'n' llioilcliT iiul an riwy i»iitl<-i. liUt iiiiltM I ill- ri-Milm iif < Oii^rrt* H Itll rr*|wct To
■iippl] liig llii-iu are luorr lUlclI} cuiiiplli-il wltli.il will be uivrv illflli-iill lu Im-ji Ihi-ni

OUR PitKNCfl A1.I.1KS.

471

Of the snrrciHtor, several iiccoituts have heen written by
hold French and American officers, who wilnessed the scene.
These genonill_v Iinrmonizp, hut in siinie dctnils the;^- diiler.
IVrUiips the ruosi fomplete iinrrntivc of the event, the cor-
reetnoas of which Trunilnili's ivhilion tiiutiruis, is to he round

tojp<ili»T. Ttu- ufinv liiin Ihui nmch fcuiilrr oT provldlon tlil* y<«r.on«i t«l«f hnr bimI
»»iiwlliii>'* 'Hill list.* nil. iw«i,n- .LiTt Tlif ullnwimtv now !• cfKlit Minna oT JKiril. OT
twi'Ui- of ln'i'l.^iir ■liit,iiivl /nil ullt>»»n<M- uf lnvtul, «> hai* rM^'l^crt nn poy ■Itii*
ItPvrnilitT. Ilir iiioix-y ruJuiul iHiii'/ tinitinlil ninii- tirtf liiiu-l}'. Our rritlniirnc l>ni>
trliftVnl riin-iri-uTi} vrrll ■Imrp jii i1i[> ■■■■]Mrlinpnl ; liavt- atuuit a tprf (cttrrr wliitrr Willi
ii«t riiorv iliiui iiiM- Mnnkrl t« ttiriT mm, na niatiy >litrt>. Iiall u* mniiy *liuc9, lli« i»ifv»r*»i
nmiripr, iiitil ui iimiijr [ihIt* nf t>m'«-lir<; all llil> ntltli h«il fm mniiilaltiU; not m»aj lMv»
■ ilroTiiil nr tiTii t>»ill>lK«l. •o milfti bUliT W« Hfv lictt; lltflll Ht liOWC. I Imp" our »l1it»
wIIIhihII tli<-iDti'l<i»uir IliUllniif in llic^ i-ur lu (irutiilc llii' Itixiji* villi MaiiliTlii whpB 111*
IlillBbirniitii ruTi ipan* tlivin, If nrf I niii bI A tu** to i1i-Ii;!tiii1i>i< tvlial I* lUr

rwKMiniiiir Hnnt U ■<> ]Kiorly -nppliiNl; univat bdivvv it b «w1dk ulioicttlitr in tlif pm-

<"rlr of OUT iWlinlry, bnl 1" (lie iir^'livl of mime- puliUt iiHlaTu; 11 hitiiu llirrr 'iiiitlil 10 1i'
'■iiMi' tipM |>tHi> aiiil ti.Pi.1' roniii'il 111 -iii'ijurl lln' ([I'lHoun miiv of Aiiif-rlra. Tin- Kri»ii-nli
I1«-t ni«y b* loo Intf. ilitd nr ni>l ixincu-il Uit-in In (-oihiiili uU iiur cnrml» la»t Tall llii-n?
Wnlllil tiAvr brrn nciiiir riiitlrr |iiiiiJ>tnii iiiu>1c Tor aniilliL-r raliijialgii.

"Hlnw mliliifi ihnalitiv* \Uviv l« iiilHIijit-iiiv (tuin rlurlmowii wliMi mn lie dcpi-iMlnl
niKio. 11 ('■ini'.i' In H Itiit-r fti*!!! I'olctH'l Launiu. wUo wiw at Wlirnliiffoo, |o one nt IIU
^Ixn-lltnrv'ii alili. •Intnl hI tliul I'lnct Vtty V: ntiil aurrlt tlii' plntv »M wfr nn Ihr I'.lh.
Tlw piii'iuy liiul lakoi Kurt Mmillrlr IUhI (lay, wlikli i-a|iiliilul<Hl iipiiii laiiirabic Irrlna,
aflir IiTlrr Rti<il*<>ix lli<?«iii~niy. wtin ai la>i rF.c-nrum'iI m) rtrunK 11 VinM tliouitlit Imi^nuiil-
fiaMi-loki-rp it a»x Iuiikit. Tlitrr Han oKly nliciui ftlly nuillm-iilnl IrtHips uud ii Tvn uilll-
ila In (lie riiit' liciirnLt < ilaluii'* brigade or Vorkrr*, nian-livila r<twda;» jta^l [«r.\)tHinj'.
vrtikli iiliirr it U miIiI. IIiv IndlHiiB nnil riitrinir, tu llic nuinlii-r Of nine liiindml, tiatv vnl
w lllilii tlilrly-iLliir mfW of.

" It I* a p'ni-ml tini« of liMkltd iliroiixi'uut ili<-' army. I wtinM ^c miKli ob1J|ti>il [o yuu
r<jr a r<-vr iiiir'a llir lini opiinrlunity nrvunlntinic int wSlh your onii «l»1 fninlly'i wrirnrr.
Make my nimi rv>|>Mtful i:iiiii|i1iniriila tn >ti>, j.aii'l KraiiilinnlliM JeNcbii, IT rhuy a/p »rt
iitlTi<, wlileh liiHl irninr. My lnve to IJMiiiH, Itufiiti uad all tlit' tllvnAs."

.\ni-T Ihv tli'iir. In wtilcli \\r hail l>n*» luinoratity ii>n>ptcuon«, Itr, al Ilir ajtc oT ivrc&ty.
>DT>>ii y»an>, tr^tjiiinl liia oomnilMiuii, ai>il n-iuinnl Ui IW palrrnal liuini-tii'ml. In nbkli lir
WH« liort), and ocfupicil hlmutf In nira] )nii-*ulM. Hii ira* biBliiy p>ii>ri[ici| 1orU\tpntri'
allc verrlci-i'. and for nclglilinrly rjuiillllci. Fur b1i»uI Inriilv year* b* N'prrMntt-il III*
nailni ivwii In (tiv Ovni-rnl A«Fml>)y. tli? wa* ali>i>f»r iiiany t*a» I'rptlili'iit nf lh.i> Town
Council, anil hrld allit-t ar'poinlmpiiii rrom llic town and tht! titnti- will) abllllr and h«Dor-
llr itlEtl NoTi-iubrr ^1, IkI?, In itiL' iBVpnlj-clffhlli ymr uf lili ia|;v. Hi» runtral laah pla<«
«li lloiKlny. .\iiTi'mli«r ai'lli. Ihc Ittv. rnximtk A. Fnrky, uT rroi'id«i««. c«>ndu«ilnf( Hn;
M-rTliv. Tlir Rliiiir maiklnji lil^nTavr hranalonianilniiprDiiriairlnKTipttoB. "IIIa luiniii'
1* XalhrrtFiJ l« idic lionoNd trMWury nf Aincrtran drad."

Tha rncnilahlp f«nntd bf t'Biiinln iiliii«y for ■•r-jif.-rat lAfajHir, whUa trr'\ag uudtr Mm,
wanchrrliliril by biin withniit ulmltiiiriil uitlll Ihc- clostof lir<r. Tbc rn»frlTix Ofth* lira tu
rmttitnnn-, nhi'ii l.afuo'tK- ■ lollrct ill* lown. on lili lour tlinmjtli [br ITnllwl Slillw, In
IKM, l« rrmfinWrr'l iMhiKlily ■ITt'Ctlni, by [irr*oaa ■till tl>lti|t. hIio wllni-atrd It. In com.

I'llinvnl In lilm. ai F'n-aiilrnt of ii 1 k, lil> [lUHiall ntt) rngravul ami mnilc tlic oiiuunrnl

vl llvlrnitullnr anli't. I lie ]iMr|nill "f ['nptnlnOlnoy. Jirlnlnl db iHgir A*Vvf llili (oIqiiip.

U B Mpy Of an t-nlariccd phixonnipli of Dial i-iixravlnff. Taplaln Uln«y wiu au urlitlDul

■HMkbrr of Tli' Uliudr IiIhioI S-icrk-ty uf tin- I'inrlnnull.

172

ftllOItF. ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

in Dr. Jatnes TliHtelior's
Revolution." He eiiys :

Milit]ii-y .loiimni of tlic Americtiii

"At abonl twelve o'clork. Uic comliincrd nrmy was arjiw^cd and druwii
np In two lium more tlioii a mile Iti loiigtii

"The Anicrlciins were ilriinn up In n llnp on thp Ti;rliC aide of the road,
aofl the Fruiii-li ocL-u|ilc<l llie IffT. At iliu Iji-ad of t!i« former Ibc great
Aincrlcim (.'ijn:]t9iiii)i.k'r, iituuiittfil on lii* noble cotirM-r, took IiIm Niatlou.
nitcmlvil by lils nWes. At llic bend of lIi*- Inin-r wjis poslvd tlio exccll«it
Coiiiit K<M;tiaiiil>(Miu and lil^ xultu. 'I'lic Frunuh Lrooi>s, to C4inpl«tv un)-
runii, dbplaj'i'd ii innrllul and nubli; iipiioamnci-, ihvlr band uf music, of
whlvb tlio LInibrel ronnrtl a part, was n <lt'llf;hirui uovcliy, and produced,
wliilc inarcliiiig to ilic ground, a niuitl ODLhantiug cBitct.* The AB)erl<
caiiN. tliuti^fh mil »11 In untfurni, nur tliu1rilr«^s 5u ncitl, ret vxlitblled a
aoMk-rlj air, uiiO viury counu-iiiitici.' bniui<.'d nKli ^itisfuctitiii and Jnf.
Thu coMccmr!*t; of spcctalnrB from the Ktmiar^ iras tiruill^lous.— In point
of niiinbcr-*, wns pr.tbHlily oq'inl to [be tiiilliar}', but uiilvi-rsul silence and
order prevailed. It was abani twi>o'i.1oek when the captlTonriii}'.iih'anccd
tUroii;;b Ibc line fiiniieil for tbclr rw-Lpllnn. Every eye Mas prepared to
gaxe on Lord ('orruvnllls, Ibr object of pf-ciili»r Ititerrst and mdlelliide;
but liu dl^apitolntc'd our »jixloii<i cxpectatlonA. I'retendlng IndiH position ,
1i« made OouL-ral 0*H)im til' ^nb^titutc as tlii> leader of lili» amiy. Tbls
oJDccr vtis followed by Lbc eomiuercd troops lu a slow ntul solemn step,
Triili slioiitdert^rl arms, coloni ea-ied, and druinti beallns a British mnreli.t
Ilavin:; arrived riL the hciid of the HiiL-.tienrrnl (>~tlBrA,ek-;;anlljr mounted,
adVHiiccrl to [li4 Kxct lli-iirj' the Connnaiidtr-bi-l'litcf, takhi;; otf hi« bat,
andapologUccI fortbe iiou-appfoniiie« of Earl Coniwilti*. With tils u»iinl
Oisolty and pullteiie»9, in» Exeullcnc) pointed lo Major-Gvnerol Llucoln
for Ulrccttous, by nboin tbv army uaH conducted Into a NpncJuua fidd,
urlier? It van Intended Uiey t^bunld iiruund tbelr arms-I Ttie royal iroopji,
while marching thron^tb tbi! line formed by Ibc allied nrtny, exhibited a

•The Frptii:li."iTliorornii'it ilic Hght wl"g. Iwil •onii-Hnip* rictily drrwHl ■ liclduck* ' (tknef
irrrtuMt) In Ilirlr auhi-, wlio, bp|ii|c wry tull nnil hHiidnrniFiDcii. prcMTitnl ■]i)Hi> ailHtilltiK
apptHmiicr In titrlr icald NDd •llvrr-iaM-il llvrtk*. All ttic (''rcncti (iinfrnli,— r*niil dr
ItoclMlnbrmi, UsrqiiU ilr IjijCkif-lli', ('Auni di- lliMix>i'niir*. nnil I'rinni di* Ijtmiin, — min>
KlIlldrInK ■tura ■iil b«ilj[r> iir mllltarr orOi-rt.

■■ On thir rlglil wing of •■m-h Fti'iiHi Trulini-nl ww j|i<irici-"iii'lj' tmniiknl u tlrli ilHiuUnl of
Hlillc ■Ilk. iflrti thm- golilcri jfrur-t tit fii Viiiihmiili'n-il iMi ii, KcTi^nd iIm>(* *IWHlard*
•toQd Ihn driUDinrrt and iIIi-t<. an<l hi Tronl «f [livni itic band, which |>lay«^ ilrtl^rli I flatly.
It niiial be ci]iifi->>rit IIihi llir Fri'iuit UtMijia. iiltogi-ilir-r, 1-iukrd trej wpil; llir; wprc at)
tall, handtotiif nii>n. Thi-j all mir* wlillc iialliTi : a part <j1 lliein inn «)ad In rod, Whm
alM Initr^cn; moft orilicDi. tiowtriT. Hcrc In nhllt: rrjritn<-iilsU. Tlic Grnuau or Akaelou
n-iciiiii'iilt luad liluu rrfhiiciilalii."— D(nrj(<[f'.?t7i;«iii( John C»nrnit IJothln, f^um An'imtA
rfSflmw'-

VTlic VV»r]tl Tumrd I pclO^ Unrn."

t Till- llrld fin nrliidi lliv ItitlUti Inid di.mii Itii-lr urmx t* ntmnl i>ur inltr and a lialf rrom
Yorliio«~ii, and llii iiiulli or tlir mad li nilliif iu ||iui>]rlali.

OUR FRENCH ALMKS.

473

k

(leccDt nnd neat appcAmnM, tu respccta arms and clotliing, for their cotn-
maiider opened Iil* store, uiid riirrcted «very soldier to be fUrnUihed wiih a
new »iilt complete, prior Ui Lite LvipItuULlon. But In tlieir mnrcli ire
remnrkcd .1 dhnnkrly null utiKoldlerly conduct; llitrir step was Irri'gnlar,
and tlivlr ranks frequently ttrokvn, Bill U wat> In Die tM\\, where they
cainv lo tlic lost act of llic drnina. thut llie spirit mid prUli' of lh« Itrilluli
Huldler wci'G piil to ihu scverciit test. I[i:re llieir iRortlflcallon could
not be L'oiici'Blcd. Some of the platcwn officer* appeared to be exceed-
lni{ly chisrlned when giving the coininnnd ' grymiul amtB,' ■ and I niu a
wUnetiit ttiai titcy porfonned Ihla duty in a vtry nnofllrer-llke manner, and
that many of IIih; aohllt-m n»niri--kl^i1 s »rji;rii tnaprr. throwing tlu'ir urnis
on Kio plltf witli vlidtncc, us If drtrrnilncd 1<> render lliein iim-leM." TliU
Irri'Kiiliirlty, however, wiis checked hy the authority of (Jem-nil Lincoln.
AfU'r linvliijf grouudL'd tlicir arms, aud divested tlicmseli'uai of their accou>

>

BntTuit n^i-. r4l>TVke^ at TOKmwx,

tfflU'Ollta, th? cnptlvc troops were condnctcd tiack to Vorkloirn, and
guarded by our troops till they could be rcmoveil to tJio pluoi^ of tiiolr dea-
Una Lion.

"The delivery of the colors of tlie neveral rejilments, tweuty-clgbt In
number, was next perfonned. For tlilH purpose, twcniy-eltflil BrltUh
raplalna, each bearlnt^ n fln|: In n caw, were dmwn up in a line oppoidte
to Uiem. At a dl.ttaiice of six paces, twenty-eight AmiTitaii SergeanLi

* " Ttu Enirlldi illipJaynl inach armiriiniw and lll-lniiDor dflriOiT lliti ■nptanclinly rvrr-
moliy; tlicy pnrllcalBriir aCTvcIrd fivaX conlcni|it of ibv Amt-rleaiu."— A((in<:fe<tPif.

" Wlirii iiur 4 •iliinrl. lUniii Si'ilioltirii. tin<l iiinrrlinl liln r(-|;iiiH'nl Into llir clrrlr, lie
■■art ■■■ druHn up hi a lliir. 4ii>]-fir,l In fmut uf li, miil rviiiiiiuiilfil flt-*!, 'I'twiii BmM"
■aJ tlicn, ' \Af ilown onii*:' ' I'ttt uff iwnnb afi-i -'luliiiliii- Imin-i! ' nlillr Iriinnn liovra
hli dwck*; idmI vf a* ntcfi; wrcvtof TOw Un.*— I>iieUii'f Dlnrjf.

60

474

RRODK IStAKD IN THE REVOLUTIOK.

were placed In line to receive the colors. Ensign Wilson, of Clinton's
brigade, tbe jrounsL'st cottiiii tee toned orTIccr In llic army, (bdnK then oulj
elgbteeoyeAn of B^c.) was appointed by {'alont'L [1iuii.iUo» ufflcecorthe
dny, to contluct this Interesting ceremony. When Wllsnii gave llie order
for tlio British Captains to advnncp two pAccs to recelTC them, the former
hesitnted, «nd gave as a rension ihtil they were unwilling to anrreoder Ihclr
flags to noD-coiiimUslonrO ofDrcrK. llsmlllon, who was at a distance,
observed tills liesitaLlwB. and rode up to Inquire ihv cminu. On being
Infomietl, lie wllIlDgly epured ttie feelings of tUc British Captains, and
ordcirpd En.t]gii IVilmou to receive them himself, und liaud them to Uiv
American 8vrgcanta."

The royal pn'sunerB were soon sort by regiments into the
interior of Vii^iiiia, Maryland and rennsylvania, to be pro-
vided fur tmtil ditTcrent arnrngeiueiitH should be luade.

TROOPS SURItKNnERED, VUHUEHS KII.LKD AND WOUNDED.

The liritish return of troops surrendered, ]>laees tbe uum-
her at 7,247. Another aecoimt makes the gi-and total
11,800 ; but this ineludca 2,(HH) siiilnrs, 1,800 negroes, 1,500
lories, and 80 veitsek. Tbe military chest givun up con-
tained £2,U3 (w 0<; sterling. The ordnance departuient
Cfonipriscc! 7.1 brass cannon, IGD iron cannon, morlai-s, a.
hirge <tn.intlty of cartridges, round and grape shot, a small
number of shells, together with other artillery furniture aud
stores.

The rotonis also reported 7,794 muskets. 2'^i;,274 ball
cartridges, -J, 025 sabres, 8.*? barrels iind f*it half-barrels of
powder, 29 boxe» of musket balls, weighing 100 |>ounda
each, and ;i4,2O0 musket flints. Besides tliosc were 24 regi-
mental standfirds, 4 Dnlish Union flags, 73 Camp colors, a
large quantity of (quartermaster itnd hospJiHl stores, clothing
for at least 1,0(H) men, mid a eonaideriible quantity of pro-
visions.

During the siege the British had killed, 309 ; wounded,
120 ; deserted and taken prisoners, 123 ; total, .'i52. Of the
killed Mere Major Charles Cockraue, Aide-de-Camp to Ixird

OrB FRRNC'II ALLIES.

475

Comwailii^, Lieutenant Campbell, Lieutenant Ware, Lieu-
tenant Guyon, Captnin Kerr, Lieutenant Fni*cr, C'jiptain
BhIIi tind Coumiissury I'erkins. Six officera were wounded,
viz. : LienteuHnt Lyster, Lieutenant t>unu, Lieutonant
Lightlinrne, Lieutenant Carson, Lieutenant Kolwrlson and
Ensign Spmngenhnrg. LicutenanU L^'sler and Dunn died
nf tlieii- wounda, Krcnch loss, — killed, 50 ; wounded, 127 ;
total, 177. Aiuericun loss, — killed 27; wounded, 73;
total. 100.

One of the deeply lamented deaths iras that of Colonel
Alexander Scammcll, who was taken pnaoner by a party of
horse while, as officer of the djiy, ho was roconnoitcring the
ground abandoned by the enemy. Immediatoly after he had
HurrcMidered he was inhumanly whot l)y one of his captoiv,
plundered, and in bis -wounded condition carried into York-
town. At the request of General A\'afihinglon, I^rd Com-
walils portnittod him to be conveyed to the hospital at WU-
liamsljur;;^, where he died Octoljcr Gtb. Colonel Scammcll
was tiorn in Jlendon, Miuts., March 24, 1747. He studied
law with General John f^ullivan, was hin Brigade- Miijor at
Camliridge, in 1775. and took part in the batlle» of Trtinton,
Princeton and Saratoga. From 1778 to 1781 he was Adju-
tant-Cieneral of the army, and at Yorktown commanded the
first New Ilampshirc regiment. Colonel Scammeil pos-
sessed fluperior military ability, and enjoyed the eonfidcncc
of Washington.

In communicating the intelligence of hi^ surrender to Sir
Henry Clinton, Lord Cornwallis wrote:

" I hnvc tbc mortiHcftlton to inform Vonr ExceUcncr tliAt I tinvc been
fbrced to Rive up the postU of York aiiJ Qlouccslcr, «n<l Vet aiirrcndcr the
troopK unikT iriy coiiiinniiil, by capUnliitlun on llie IStti instant, m prlsoD-
era of Tffu to thi! coinblncd toTcva of America and Frnnci!.

" I never saw tills post In ii riivunil)k- liglil ; 1ml when I Rmnil I tm* to
be attacked by so potvcrrul an army mvd artillery, uotlilus but the hopes
of relief would have ln<IiK'(d oie to alK-mpt ILs dcfriiec; for I would
cltlii'p Love eitik-avorvil to v<icapL' to New York by rnpUl mnrrhcs from the
Gloucester &id<;, liuini-dbtvly on tlie arrival of Oencrnl VViuMDg1on'»

47«

RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

troopH ai wmiaiiteburg, or I would, notwllhstamllng the dUparlty of
numhera, IiAve attacbefl Uicin in tho open tld<l, wlicro It nilgbl hnve b«ea
Just puMibIc Lbftt rortiinc would hurc Hivorcd The jjnllantry of Ihc handful
or troopji under my coniinand. But being •«!«urcil hy Yonr Kxecllency*s
lettt-rs LhaL evLTy i<oi<hU>Ii- uiciiils would be tried by the iitivy anil ftrinjr to
rvliuvo us, I could ii<>t think mysvlf hL liberty lo vvnture Qpon either of
Ihoav dcsperatf attempts ; . . . . and rvcclviof; oh Hid Mcoiid evcn>
in; your luitor ur iliv 2ttb of September, tlini tbc r«llcf would salt alxHit
the 5th of Ocl<iber. I withdrew within the works on tiic night of the Stfth
orScptcnilicr, hoping by the labor and llrmiics^ of ihr >io]dlcr!i to protract
the defence initilyou coulil arrlvt-. .... Undur all thfac clrcum-
KtuiicM, I IboiiKbt It wuiild bnre \n:ea wanton and Inhuman to the Inst
degree to sncriflcB tin; livca of ibl*. smnll Iwdy of gidlnnt Mdlvra, who
hiid ever hi'luivvd with no nuicli fidelity nnd cotirn;:i!, by eKposiog Uieui to
nn luttntilt which, from the nuinbcrs aiKl prfcnutionn of the eiteiay. covld
not fall to auccccd. 1 therefore propoitud lo capLtnlnte."

In tbc \cUqv from which th« foregoing pxtmct i» niitd«.
liord Corn wall is fiviilontly intended to imjilyllml, Itydoliiy in
sending fonvJird the piomififd iclief, ^ir lleniy was in jmrt
rt!sponsiblc for th« siirruiidtir of Vorktown, — an inijilieatioii
thiit he fts evidently uds illl(lls[>o^Jcd to ncccpt.* Of Ihc mcr-
itH of the ciisv, a Briti&h critic tbiu !«peaks :

'■ Our pnrpo^d l,i Rnniclf^ntly nnivvemd, wlion wc .stnto that nccordlnK lo
t1to showing of nil parlien. ii ;;oolI di'iit or blame attaclica both tu Shr
Ili^nry Clinton and Loi-d ['ornwiLllU; taL-Lwocn mIhhh thoro dot.s not aeem
t<} have rxi»l«d Hint ^tooil feeling mid permnifil :»iiilt.y, without which It is
scarcely possible Ibnl men can act happily ttiyetliei, either for polUIca or
In wur. As tu other iiiattcra. they took the turn lieru which lliey will be
forced to laku in alnio»t all dIspiiteH of the kinii. Tlie n-icuds and partl-
211ns of tbc Gencral-lit-Cbk-f assertt-il thnt h\n ctmc wax uiado out to their
pcrfL-ct sailsfActloa ; tbc admirerii of Lord CornwAllIs coutcndcd that hts
vindlcatlou wjw cu[npletv."t

The ruprcsonUitiun on piigo 477 of (he gniTendor of Com-
wnllis is copied from a ha-s-nUrf whidi drnanicntw a nionnrnun-
tiil vase presented hy tho Xatiotinl tiuards of Franco to the

* Tilt- flMt lirliigliigrrlirr HTaMltlnliieil ftl Xcw York (or Kliatrr. aliil did not rriuh Uia
ciilrunm to llip i'l»-»priikt' iinill Bflcr iIip ■.■njiliuUilmi, uitd of roiirw llie hope of rorn-
waill» otii] the i-xp>ttHrlou of Sir Kenr)' W*'* blulcd.

t Lire* Af nrliiili MlJilnr; ('•iiiiiiiNiiitrn, [ii., IW.

OCTB FREKCU ALLIES.

fnmily of General Ijafiiycttc in 1835, (he hiiviiig died prior
to its completion,) in rocognitioii of his aervices ns their
ultUwt jind first Cienonil." It wm dcsigiicd l>y the eminent
nrti-it M. Fuucoiinicr, and sippciifH to have been suggested

liy nn ac<!Oiint of the siogc related hy an old American miI-
dier to M. Levasseur, while in Yorktowu in 1«24. M. Jules
C'locpiet, in whoso " Itecollections of the Private Life of
General Lafayette " the engiaving appears, says :

"The aaihor of the txtt-nlii/ hM chosen n>r hlit reprcscntntlon tlie
iDomeDt wh«ii General O'Har*, hat In hand. dcUrcra tlio sword of Com-

■ The InurtlUft mrt four ia uumlH-f. Tlw «Molid rrixvaciiti Larnrctle ttikXag Mut clvlo
obIIi (a IW Frcncli Keilrralloii, .lalf It. liW. Xi» tlilrO n't>retDiiii iIib niunicnl mlim
I^ahiyHt* tttiA tlw Dulu wf (.■ririn* [LouU Phllllpei uullu liumli on ihr it*t>« of tbc Hold
ck- VIlLi', .liily:^), ino. Tlw fouilb rrjin-K-UU llin dUltlliutiou af Clit: 4(iiiid*nU la llw
NmJoimI Giunb of r«rl*, Aufusi ai, IMO.

478

RHODK ISLAND IN THE REVOl.DTrON.

w«llb to Waslilntrlnn, in prencnce of Oeserab RocbambCMi. |jifajetL«.
iind tb« Htiitt' uT tliu itlllml nrmltoi. Th<^ Amrrlcjin truopH, snd tlir French
^rfniiiUviK, are groiipeil bcliluO the bUIT. tbplr Hags uiiHirlwl and floatiog
111 thu wltid. Thv fxprossiDD of sliame apd despair niiy be ri^marked in
tltentllrudi;, anil In tliu cDtitiU'nuuc(;8 of tbc officers wlio followed tienoral
O'llani. In tlio forc^roiinct of Iho picture Is nvcn nii Amertcaa ofllcer
raising nnd mipporilnfcnn'ou tided mnii, who HcemH to forget hb auftbrinise)
111 Ihi; Lrliimph of hU country, ricws of nrtlllcry. mounted, or brokou,
nnd overthrown, an* alxo observed, and In tLc backgromid Is perceived
the tliy of yorklowu."

This piedire is here presented as one. of several ulcal
rcprescutalioiis of tlie auiTemler. As mentioned clsewbere,
llie Hword of Comwnllia was received fruui Goiienil O'Hiira
liy Ocncr.lI Lincoln, nnd not by Washington. Another, nnd
« more elaborate print of the sun'ender scene, from a draw-
ing hy M. Bnrlijor, pnintcr to tlio King, was engraved by M.
Ponce, engraver to le Comte d'Artois, and was published in
I'nris by M. Godefrey. That is also somewhat ideal.
Original impressions arc now rare. Tlio only copy I have
seen is in the collection of Henry Thayer Drowne, Esq., of
New York. Undoubtedly the cnj^rnvini^mnde from Colonel
Trumbiiirs fatuous painting of the surrender, now in the
^'ale College collection, is the most literal and reliable in its
grotiping and details of any that have bocn published; ani>
it is this that I have chosen as an illtiistralion of my text.

The central figures in the foreground of the steel-plate
engraving, opposite to thi^ page, ure (icnend Lincoln, on
horee-back, and General O'Hara, standing near him, ready to
deliver up the swoiil of Cornwallis. Ituhind General O'llara
are two of his aides-de-camp. A little in the rear, and on
the left of (leneral Lincoln, Washington, mounted, bee
taken his station. The officers on the right hand of the
engraving are Americans ; those on the left are French. On
the American side, the first four officers on foot are Colonel
Nicholas Fish, of Xew York ; Colonel Walter Stuart, of
Pbiliidelphia ; Colonel John Laurens, of South Carol i ttn ;

1

1

OUR FRRN(-II ALLIES.

47!>

and Colonel Alcxiiiulyr IlfiiiiiltoH.' 'riio ofiiL-crs tnnunttxl
arc, in consecutive order. (_'oIonel Timothy Pickering,! of
Mflssflcliusetts ; Lioulenant-( 'oionel Ebenezer HuntingtoD.
of Connecticut; Mnjor-GenenjI Henry Knox, of jVIassHchn-
sette ; Ocncnil Jolin Peter Gabriel Muhlenlmrg, of Penusyl-
viiiila; GcQcml Edward JIand, of Pennsylvania f (TGnenil

■ Tlic Djuuc or AJ^xandcr UunnioD ft InwparBbly iiMOclBtnl wirh llial ot Wwhlnilan,
lU «ne or Ihc riiuiiilm of (be AmrrlcDii Rrpublli?. Vo on*, joTliap*, <lli1 »o much to ih"!*
th* Tarn\ snit rliamrlrr of tlie Korrnimrnl In tt* cwly daji, and, al Clic end ot a »Dlury,
Ilia tieiva i>n niiuncp and niunurni-iiiri'* &ir liHtl Iv he t<»rtilia1l}' wiuiiit. At n Kifli-ral
Jnwbri lie Mlelclcil ■ poirni Influrncii. ■.□(! I>1> wrlOnjca, viiicclHll) lliiiwe in the " >'rilvrallii|,"
■I* nnvr ran-iuUj iiurllH by |icrii>i» Irili-iidliig to ptittr itie ■irun iif pulllln. tll» trrvloF*
diirloit llif Jlnolultonnry war, (iilllturi HO'l cl^ll, wcit hitIh-iI 8)ii1 iiiijKjrToiil. nnil ai> llif
rDnllilrntlnl nilTlnr of Wa-Iilnjcluii. he wu pnidvut and n-iw. lit IodI: purl ill Ilit (cctiei
or LoDjt liJuud. Wlilli- rinint. Tmitun and. >Ioiiiiiuut)i. At Itn- ilrKr of Vorktuwu lir
Mtttmaiiilci] n tiaiiiiUiiii u( iwv tiuiiilrml Nt-U' Viirk iroopf. Hl> cwurotc'^ ""'^ •ucei.>»« In
■roniiftij; cine nT tin; vii^^iiiy'ii ri-ili)ul>U U reconlnl on a prce«dlnt[ i>a£c After li-afinf tlit
amiy lie aluitliil hiiiI I'Mgugcil in the pradlra of Inw. Hr illlMl muny Imparlmil publk
iMcf. A« thf ilrd Secmntj vf llio I'mtury uf lUr UnlK-d MaK», he cxIilWtdl tlir -fMi'
•lliiri'rnincnl of a tb<irDii)[hl}riialnr<l irnirtman. In ]r'«,(Vi|<iD»| Hamilton niarrW Ktiaa-

Iwlli !-chuyIrr. iIdijkIiUt nf (ii-iifntl rhlll|i Srliuylrr. tn [MitltlM li» W'lu op[Mki>»i1 to Auron
[lurr, and (puke af lilm n* ■■ n Oancvron^ mnti Bn<l uiilll to he irufli-d vrllli pODer," Till"
polllll^l lio*IlllTy Ird To n iliii't wllli Ulirr, tiy wliuni ItauillloD mw iiiurtnlly nuuiulrd, July
M. 1KH, nnJ lio dinlilii* rnlli'wlnit <1uy, lauii^dlt^ liy llie «illre rwiintn' ll wai ■ wiil li-r-
niliiullmi iif n nobk' life. Colirnfl lljiiiiiltcrii wa« tlir ton oT Jainp* Ilamlllon, a .>><otcll
mmlianl, ami «» born in Xciit, om- of tlir Weil India Ulandi, .Uniuiry 11, irj."

t I'oloucl TlmoTli} l*[i-k'-rtli)| «■•• liiiin tii Siili-m, Mm*., July IT, IN.I. n«r wa* itnlilualnl
■I Marvanl Vnliar^lty Iji l?t3.atll(llrd law.andwiu iidBiIItM] to thebarlD I'UH. IIU Intel ■
b^liiul rnilowiii'itts. rarrgf of diaractiT. oiiil interest In public affaln, hioii iiiailr lilm a
IraitpT III tliu alTairi iif hi* iiUitlve «iunty iini] a( the ntnli'. Flv wa* u Culunel uf inltllla,
anil Ki-bruHTy 'X. ITOi. pret^nicd tti« lirltbiti lalfmi-l l^ttlr ftam eroulnjt lli« dran-'briilg*-

lu SmIviu, for the piiq»ip aT urUlng wimi' mllllBry Uatvt. lie lielil llic altrtt of lli!gU[*r
of liri-il*, jQilgc ur Oil' t'cturl uTCuinmoTi I'lra*, and igle Jintjipaf tiro Mlddl* IdMHct
Bfaritlmc Court- 'the. Iloalon I'ciM Hill, in 1771, itrrff fKiiii him, in tx'linlf «f the dlUpnit
of ^-ab'iii. on Bildrwu to niiii-riinr liHff. Ilr wan > itii-tutH-r of iIih t'i>iiinill(i-B of Cum-a-
[■nnilrnf^ ; and In iTTfi. at ili« hca'l of a rcflmcni Jaliird WasliinKloB In Kew Jurw-y. am)
pad kiiwtt-i] ill llir Iinl1li'*<if ItrHiidynint and tii-rnianluivn. la 1777, hr waa made Atl}U>
laiil-drhrrHl of III* army, vra* a iiirnilvi-r (if ll« Hignnl of War, nnd la l7M,iuciCM<il<<d tJMi*
cral \iiiltntiarl r.ttrtie as ijuprtcrmiuteiGctiiral. In tbii capacity he lerreil at York-
ton-Q. Attrr tlir war liir tuuk up lili midrncp In l*liilBdel|iIila,«nd ntiavpienlly ■rtllnl an
aoiiic Willi laoili In l.uzi-rnr cauniy, t'tUDivlv anla. IJe wni a drk-nic (o 111* 9tal> (nn-
Ti-allun for ninaldiTlng till- 1 nitni State! I.'niiilllulion, nlid adinralnl 111 ailaptlilu. lit
hold tiiHVMlvcly till- nlDcfv iif raiim an«r-0*fi*ra] , Saorotary of War, anil ^ecrotary <if
hiatc. In \i*'\ lio n-lurned to hal4-n^, anil waa nwda CbhsT Juillw of Ihc K«i«x Couaty
Court i)f Cuniniun t'lpii* lie win I'lilteil Stain Senator from 1M3 to 1^11, a iiirniljcr of
tha Boui] of Vi'nr frum 181.' tu txl.'i, and a Kctaber Of CODfTvaa from InI-'i to Ihl7. Ai a
l<adM of Ui« I'cder&l parly be wu uciiVD and elBfil«iit, &ad hh political wrltlCK* JtrrXIr

IiitliH-nivd public H>nliiiiF[il. Cutonrl riokering wai wno vf tLi> futni'lerv bf tJir Kurx

Airrtculturnl i*oelel?*, oail fur IcO yean wa» It* rrctldeut. He owned an ninti' In tin? town
nf Wi-ntmm, ami llii-iv Intrndii'cnl Ihi^ Lanh as un ariiamFiilel tree. Hr died Jaonarr SV,
Iwv, hiinonil and IrV-loviil by lili (VlluwelllEeni. In IMIT lila Life ihhI WrIUng* wat pvb-
luiwd by tilt ton, Ilie lals <>cl»«ltM fUfctflUit-

4d0

EHODE ISJJi,KD IN TI[E ItEVOLUTION.

Aiitbmiy Wiiyne, of rcnnsylvimiii ; General ^lonluciii OUl,
of Maryland ; Majoi--Geueral James CHiitoti, of New Vork ;
Cttlonel .lolin Tnirulnill. of Coiiiu'clicut, Sei-ix-tury to Gen-
eral Wiishington ; Licttteimiil-Ci)lnnel David I'olili, of Maa-
siichusetts; Major-Ovncral Ikron Steut>en ; tbe Marquis dc
Lnfnyetto ; General (Governor) Thonins Nelson, Jr. ; and
in llio distance (a small fig-iirc) Lieutcnnnt-Colouel Kbcncxcr
Slevuuri. of MiiS!>a(.-liu»t;tt6.

The French officers drawn up opposite to Iho Aincrienns arc
as follows : The tirBt three on foot are ('ount Denx-I^onts,
tbe Duko de l^uval Montmorency and Count C'ustlne, Colo-
nels of Infantry. The next in order, mountc<l, are the
L>ukc de Lau/.un, General Choisy, Viscount Viomesnil, Ibe
Mimjuis de St. Simon, (-ount rerscn, Count Clinrles Dumaht,
tho Marquis de CUii»teIUtx, the Baron VioDicsnil, the Count
do Barras, and the Count de Gmsso.

COURTESIES TO THE VANQUISREn.

Waflbingtcni. Koebamboau, and tho American iind French
officers general],)', took t>pecinl pains to extend such socJa.!
eoui-tcsies to the Ilrilisli Coraniandcr-in-Chfef and to his offi-
cera, as would tend to soften their chjigrin, .and to place
them nt ease in their altered condition. Cornwallis appreci-
ated these attentions, and sjHike of Iheni in ;^towin^ tcrnttt.
"The treatment in general that we have received from the
enemy, since our surrender." he wrote, "has been perfectly
good and proper ; but tho kindnes.s and attention that have
been shown to ns by the French ofliceis in particular, their
delicate Hcnsihility of onr eitualion, their jrencrons and
pressing offer of money, both public and prir-ite, to any
anioinit, ims really gone beyond what I can possibly
descril>e, and will, I hope, make an impression on the heart
of every officer, \vhenever tho fortune of war should put any
of them into tmr power."

The English soldiers, however, did not affect concealiuent

^

OCTR FRENCH ALLIER.

481

of contempt for (heir American ouptors. They shunned
intercoursD with theui, Mbile tliey lived upon terms of inti-
miicy with the French. "After the surrender," says t'hHt>-
tellux, "the ICnglish behHved with the fame ovcr-hcuring
insolence hs if thoy had been eomiuerora j the Scots wept
bitterly, while the Germans only conducted tliemselves
dw-'ontly. and in u manner becoming prisoners. With a
mennness always attendant upon vjinijuit'br-d insolence, the
English sen-ileJy cringed to the French, vainly attempting
tu screen Ihe dis^rmte of twing contjucred by those they had
so often denominated AmoricJin rcbcU, and repnbliirans."

That ConinalliB should have inclined more headily to the
French Ibun to the Americans ]s not surprising. In assooi-
Iting H-itli llio former, no niemuries of cruelties were awiik-
-ened to rentier social intercourse embarrasising : but where
the courtcflics of the latter were tendered, recollcclions of
sceces of military severity and discourtesy In the South,
with wliifh bis name had been identified, inipai-ted to each
friendly attention the complexion of a rebuke.

Next to the humiliation of eurrendoring his army was the
mortitication of being required to yield up hit* swmv) to
General Lincoln instead of to \Vae>hi[igton or tr* liocbam-
beau. This was a swift rctriliution for (he treatment of the
gallant defender of Charleston, whose sword, as a prisoner
of war, Cornwallis bad received eighteen months befoie.
When Was^hiuglon decided iliat "the same honors" should
be granted to the surrendering army " as were granted to the
garrison of Charleston." bo rendered a simple act of justice
to General Lincoln, and in a manner not obnoxious to con-
demnatory criticism.

The day following the impitulation, the French officers
and seamen visited the English vessels in ibe river, and
hoisted the Frcncli tb^;. On land, at the water Imttcry, the
American standard was unfurled. So soon as arrangements
could be made, Loi-d Cornwallis and his principal officers,
having given their paroles, dc[mrtcd from Vorktown for

61

482

RHODE ISLAND IX THE REVOLDTIOK.

New York. The parole given by Lord Corawallw was in
tbc fulluwing' words :

" I, Chftrtw Eari Comwdllln, I-lcut^-nniit-fteneral and cAtniDAndrr of Ilis
BrlUnick Mujcstjr's forces, do Jlcknow1t^(lgc■ myself a prisoner oT iviir to
the Unltv<l filrite* of Amcrltu.iLnd tiuvlu^ pi^niilioilun fVotn llln Kxcetl«nc>'
Gpiiuml WfiBliluyioii, Bgrcfjiblo to caplmlullop, to proceed to Nnv York
iiikI Cliarlu^toirn. or clttier, and to Kurope, do pl(3dce my fnltb nnd word
of honor, Umt I will vol do or say Anything iiijuriouii to the luiltl United
StntcA, or nrmlc.i thoreor, or rhrlt* alllea, until duly exchnnKedi T do fttr-
tliLT promise llial wlicncvcr rcquirrd by titc Uommniidcr'innhler of the
Amcrlcaw array, or IId- CuniinlsHnry of prUnners for Wie same. I will
ri-pnlr to such pince or phicvs lis tb<.'y or vltht-r of tlioiti nitiy re>*|iiirc.'

"GiTun under my hand ut Yorktown. 38tb day of CM:tobf)r, I7SI.

L/iTT^-^^i^'Z^^^ik

Among the poetic pfTiision.s in!i.]inT<l hv Ilio ciiiilhititliun
was the following, from an unknown pt'U. It was piildishctl
in the "Frooman*8 .Toiiriial," I'hiludulphiii :

*C1iBr]mi, Kurl anil Marfjiil* CYirimBlIU, w.r»« born In 1%n|[tBiii1. nrci.«tnl»r Vi, 17-**. II«
WU educated ul KUm nnJ mmt'rldiMT, mlrrrd Itir army im n CapTitin, and 9MT«i1 uAldc*
de^'cmp tu LunI (itniilij' in tlic (iiTiiiiiii ('ani|ialfln of irCL Ai a int'tnbiT i>r t1» Ituosi of
txin]>, lie oppuH-J the niniiiir«^i Hint led lo i)iv Arocrlrnn mtr, bnC nrtiTwRrdi ni-vrpiml a
rammanil. knil in \"fu lu Miijnt-CirnrFal. look ixu-t willi Xir PrtiT TArkcr In nn uniuocow-
fiil ■uDiitl upon 1 1i(iTli>ii[nn. tn 17l4^H wm |irr-iH-nt >l I he raptiin- of ilmi iMf. Ill* npr>
nLil(m> 111 >i'ir iior»«y. lili' dcFcHt of Uifitnul (J»tM, at c'amdeD, S. ('., lili t\\t.\\\ hj Irani aiti!
ntcr liciicnUiirr'i'dr itl (Jultr»nl, aii>l )ii* Iniakltin of Viif^nia. arr Fic»t> lui> well kuowa
in nw|iiirv iitirmtliin lii^n-. Tli* '* ti»y " I.ariiferic lirlil Urn In clin'k tn Vlr)(<«'<n itnlll III*
iuvcatmcnt uf Vurklonii wu InauKuratrd. llr- waJ Mutldrrctj Ihf aMf<t of tli* ItrllOh
lirMrrnli 111 Anirrim. Iiiit fur rpnioni aatljinril in tlit tPKl nriut iiii>lilj> l<i copr with tlir tklll
uf W«iIiiii|[lon Bii'l ICnrlinmlipiiii. l[c WU H ra*orIlirw1(1i lic-«nc« 111., ami nHpr lili Triurti
I* knicUnil hr rt*i'lii->i tin- ii)iirnliitin«iil of liijTcmur-'iviii'rul hihI CrmiiiiiiniliT-lnl hlff ol
iiiilln. Ili> 1TIU tiiliM-iiiii'iiilir iiiDilr LuTil-l.ii'utvDaul uT Irrliilni, and lii \^<\ mu ajtala
a|>Tiolnir>1<iov('rnor-OfiiiTrAloriijilla. Ilcilinlai (iliaiapiirr, i)t>^tnber Mhof lliat year. Ha

■tripilinlril llx'Firiilyur Aiitirn», niii] lila fnllliftilnmlolilii pnitnlH l<)iil|tu )[.iiiflitl(1j>lanil>
Inicoliivctluti- inntir to<wrl>lu arlldc* liylil'iroTcnintriit, j^vc Napoleon a lilgti opinion ^
iiiin aa " iu rrrr)' Ki'DH- »f Ilii- wnnl, a u iirltiv. ciuxl nii<l linni-al nian." Ta llil* l>^ adilcdt
" Jjtnl rurnirnllit )• thp line Eniflliitiman tlini jtavp (n«^ In unort (-amciil, ■ htorablr apln>
Ion of Iil*aNtlt>u,"-^M>vfl'(^frc«/A>vJ<itn)ti. j^. V.iff.

Lafayrltv. vrrllinjt to li]« wifr. na^*: "1 I>ily I'lini InrmrallU, fur whom [ htrc a lUfll
rvt[wct. tir I* ktnil (^ni'iif;)! Iti eitpreu urnip Mirciii fnr nin, anil annr iiavlng allowed my*!' If
lliv pk'iunrr. Ill ihv i'a|>IUilnU(in, (>rnipa<rlniritwil]al1'llltk« at I'liiLrTi-vlown, Ido BOIlnlvflil
tu fasrf my vcnip;ati<»r anv fLirdicr." It i> lobr r«gnllt4 tliul lili rarrrr In tioath CSTO-
lltia iliDiiId liavc bleniiitird an ollicririt* faEr mlBlan' KpuUliun . but, " ta m li hunuw."

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

4S3

" fUvwell. my Lord, in«jr zephyrs wr«ft tliew o'er
In buM and »ateiy to Uiy native bhore:
There aeolc Burgaynu and wli tihii, lhoui;b too latv,
ron blamed anwisdj bin inihiippy ruu>!
Tell your deluded muuarch tlinl yoii skb
The Iinnil of hiiivt-n ii|)rai!»cil Tor llbcrly;
Tell your exbau»led nation, ivtt lln-m true.
They caorioc comjitcr those who coiuiiicri-ni you '*•

I

Soon lifter the smTcnder nf Yorktown, niiil het'ore the
Rhodi.- Jshiiul rt-j-iiiRMit took its depariuiv, .sevcml soUiiors,
who hiid served in it, were dis-
charged, and madu their joiiruey
home, fwm Virginia 1u Rhode
Island, on foot. Among those
was Mr. Xelson Miller, of War-
ren, K. J., where he was horn
July 2S, 17.1.1. In making this
juiirney, Mr. Miller was more
forhtiiale than some of his eom-
paoioiis, Iteing the owner of a
pair of t^lloes. Bare feet in the
ariiiy, nt that period, were no
unc'oumum sight ; but Ihc difi-
coniferl of travel tii that plight,
in the severe month of Decem-
licr. was somewhat relieved hy
thoughts of the "weleome JKime"
that awaited the men.

Mr. Miller iirst enlisted in Captain Sltni Martiiidalfl'B
company, which was raised in Bristol and Warren, in May
or June, 177i>, and whieh formed ii ])urL of Colonel Thoniuii
Cliiireh's regiment, in August, 1778. During hia sevenil
enlistments, he participated in the hnltles of Bunker's Hill.
White Dains, Trenttin, Prinecton and Khode Ii^hind. In
the siege of Vorktown he shared the penis of his compan-

* " 1 uu cnnnut, aif l>orib, you cmiiioc o>u<in»r Auii-riu."— A«rrf Ckatluan.

Xkuok Miu-kk.

484

RnOPE ISLAND [N THE REVOLUTION.

ioD» in anii». He was nt lioiiie, iti Wurron, wLen the British
nmrelied throiigli (he town (May, 1778,) to destroy lioats in
the Kickemuit river, and CiR-ajied with his wife niul riiild
into Swnnzcy, greatly rcliuved tbut they hiui not Iwcii made
prisoners. In the winter of 1777-7**, he w«3 with WaKh-
ingtou at Valley Forge, and was prei»eDt when ibo ontire
amiy was niiiHlci'od, and tho Coinmander-in-Chicf di!<flo&ed
the "Conway ChIwI" ' to .siiperstrdi* him. Ho dcscrihed it
ftH "one of the most impressive aiwiies th.it he ever wit-
nessed, and one that he should never forget — oflieers and
men wept like childi'on." .Mr. MiMer was married in the
spring of 1776, and died in Bristol, U. I., ^larch 2, 1840,
in the eighly-fifth year of liis age. In six of the seven yeara
of ihe Ki'volntioiiary \^'tir, \w faithfidly served his conntry.
The silhouette pre.scnti-d nii the prccpding jwigo was cut
mora than lifty years ago, and is pronounced to be a strik*
ing likeness.

HOW THE NEWS WAS RErKlVED.

WIxHE fall of Yorktown was the signal for an onthurst ol
^5 joy on the piirt of the officers and sohliers of the French
and American armies. The fatigues, exposures and fiitaU-
llns of the Hiego were all forgutlcn in the exliihinition of a
grand triumph. "This is to us a roost glorious dsiy, l>ut to
the English one of hitter ciingrin and disappointment," is
the i*eeord of Surgeon Thiiteher. "A glorious moment for
.Vmc-rica!" writes General Knox to his wife. "This day
Lord Corinvalli.s and his army march out and pile their arms
in the fi»ee of our victorious army. .... They will

•ADie, p. lax

OUR FRE>Xir ALMES.

4S5

hnve the suinc honors iis Llie giirrison iil CharitfHlon ; thiit iif,

Ihoy will not I>e permitted to unfurl their t-olors or play

Yfink'tf Dnfitlh'."* To M. Do Mmirflpas, I^afuyetf* writes:

" Tlie play, «ii", I* ofer — aud tlit flftti sd h&» Ju«t closed ; I was hi &
KOuivwhnt ntrkwiirU oituntiiju duritiK tliu lirot hcL; my heart expciicDCOCt
BTCHt dellKlit nt the nnol one — aud I do not feci tcss plcMuro In cougrat-

uUting you upou itic furtuiinte ivunv oT uiir vRiiipuiuu M. do

Rochanibcau will ^Ivc yoa n MA accniint of tlic :iriTi,v he cmnnnuiils; but
If llie hnnor or having commniirli^ Tor fconie lime the dlvlalon of M. de
St. Siinou givcd luc any t\gh1 i*t aptak of my oblJ^iiotiK to th»t ticnonl
«Dd Ilia troops, that right would be niucli va]u«d by me."

To his wife, he writes:

" TUc close of thl» eo.iiipui){D Is truly brllUttiit for tlic «Ulcd troops. Our
movemenU liavt bevii all rcinnrkahlv will coinlilri{>d, luitl I tnasL, Indeed,
be dt(tU'«ll 111 plea.Hc, wore I not coinplctcly «iil1sftc;d wiili ihe cloae of itiy
Virginia clUEpnJgn. Yom must have Icami nil the tronblc tbnt Lord t'om-
wall'ut*!* tulenLit and ^iupct-lor forcc-ii gave iiil- — thv ^od htck wo bad !□
regniniag the ground we lind lost — nod fliiolly, otir drawing I.urd t'orn*
waltl^ Into Ibc very position that was iiect-Mary tw (.'iinble us to cjipluro
him. I count as nmou^ the liappieiit cpodis of my life tliat lu which tho
(llvhloii ofM.de r>t. .SlniflU remiitneil nniti.'d to my nmiy, and that Jn
wltltb 1 altcrimttly comniauded the tlircc I'icld-AIarshiLls, nibb thu troops
under Ihtlr order*."

Tiiu'euiutioiis of Wushingtun, at tho moment when ho
placed his signature to the conipnct of capitiilntion, must
have liecn highly exultant. To him, too. the lIHh of Octo-
ber wiis u glorious Any. He saw in it tho promise of a near
t>erminaliun of a stnigglo carried on for six years to win the
boon of freedom. lie saw, as in a vision, the ripening-
fruit and ic-ward of that struggle, — a Republic founded upon
tho prineipte of equal rights, destined to become a leading
power aninn«^ the hationH. If, in his expressions, he was
less eothiisiiidtic than his more mercnrial compatriots, he
felt as deeply, and rejoiced as heartily.

"The General congratulntes the army upon the glorious
event of yesterday ! " is the opening sentence of his "After
()rderH," issued October 20th. He recognizes " tlie gencr-

48t>

RHODE I8LAKD IN TffK RBVOLTTTION.

0U8 proofs whieb His Moat Cliristian -Majesty baa given of
hirt Httrtchincnt t-o the cjiuse of Amerioji," whicli " must force
conviction on the minds of the ojost deceived of the enemy
relative to the ^ood i.-uiii^c(|iienee£ of the ulllBnce, and
in.Hpirc every citizen of the Stales with sentiments of the
most unalleiable gratitude." lie luknow ledges the eminent
sen'ices of the fleet " cominnnded Iiy an Admiral whose for-
tnnc and talents insure great events," and of "an army of
the most admirable composition, botli in oHicerH and men,"
and reijiicHtj* His Kxrellcnry, (.'niint de Koe]iamIieau to pre-
sent in his name to the regiments of Agenocs and Deus-
Ponts the two pieces of brass ordnuoee captured by them,
as a testimony of Iheir gallantry in stoi-ming Ihc enemy'a
redoulft. To the Ocneml Baron de Viouiesnil, to M. do
t'hastelliis, to M. de Saint Simon, to the Count de Yiomesnil,
ttn<I to Urigndier-CTencral Choisj-, bis wamiest thanks are ten-
dered, "for the jlhistrious manner in which they have
advanced the interests of the common cause," nod he
entreats His Kxcellency, the Count de KocbaiuWan, "to
accept his most grateful acknowledgments for hi^ counsel at

all limes.'

The- (tenenil's thanks to each indivi<inid of

merit in the American army would uompreUend them all,"'
"but he fliinks himself bound Uy aflectiun. duty and grati-
tude'' lo mention particularly Major-Genorals Lincoln,
Lafayette and Steuben, " for dispositions in the Irenehtss,"
and lieneral l>uj)ortuil, t'olonel Querenet. (ienerul Knox
Hiid Colonel d'Aboville, "for their great care, and attention,
iind fatigue in bringing forward the artillery and slorcfi, and
for their judicious and spirited arrangement of them in tho
panillcls." He likewise thanks, " in tlio warmest terms, llis
Excellency, tiovernor Nelson, for Itie aid be has received
from him and from tho militia under his command." And
that "the general joy" might be diQ'used "through every
heart," (be General jjjsued an order, pardoning and releasing
all the men belonging to the army then in conlinenient, and
directing them to join their respective corps. As a beeoni-

OUR KREML'fl ALLIES.

487

ing expression -of gratitude to the Almij^bty for " such reit-
erated anil iistoDishin<i; interpnsitions of Providence i" divine
service was ordered to bo perfoimed in the several hrigades
timl divisions. These ohservimtcs took place two clays niter
the aurrender, iind in them joined all the troopa not on
duty.

From the ronimencomont of the si<'ge, Washington liml
kept Congress apprised of its progress. The moment the
enpitulutJDn had Iwun settk-d and signed, he detipittchud
Lieuti^niint-CViloiiel Tilglitnwn, Iiis Aidi'-de-C!inn> mid t^onfi-
dciitlnl Secretary, to hiy an othciid aL-coiint of it hofurc that
body. Delighted with this murk of favor, he pointed with the
ntmost rapidity in discharge of the pleiisant duty, spreading
the joyful intelligence by the way. Yet with all the haste
he could make, the journey to Pliilndclpliia consumed nearly
or quite four days, — a distance now oiwily traversed in
eighteen hours. It was past midnight, on the 2.^tl of Octo-
ber, %vhcn ("olonel Tilghnmn enlercd the city. Miustening to
the lodgings of President AIcKean. he broke the silence of
tlie hour, by knocking loudly at his door. The noise drew
the attention of watchmen, and they, mistaking him for n
"roistering young fellow, who had bided too long ut his
cups," were nl>out to arrest htm, and confine him in the
watch-house, as a dJisturlwr of the peace ; but by a revolu-
tion vi' his I'haraeter and business, he esejipcd that igno-
nnny. President Mc^Kean promjitly appeared, and gave
to the bearer of welcome news a hearty greeting. Soon n
merry peal from tlie bell in tiie belfry of Independence Hall
roused from its slumbers the entire population of the city,
nnd rushing into the streets it was cheered with the cry,
" Comwallis is taken ! " " Cornwallis is taken ! " AVith steii-
toriuu lungs, the wntchmen joined in the glad acclaim, and
shouted, "Cornwallis is taken !" One of these night-watch
functionaries, a patriotic old fJorman, not to be outdone by
his associates, with great uncrtiou intoned the hour, " Basht
dree u'glock, nod Uoni-wal-Us i^bt da-ken ! "

RHODE IBLAKD IK THE REVOLUTION.

As quickly »s po»8ibte, the publUbers of the Freeman's
Journnl iiisucil itn extm »licct. iascritiutl iit tiold leltera,
"HOW AKK THE MIGUTV FAULEiV:** It was illus-
trated with Ibe 8e«l of the Stale of Peniw.vlvnnin, heuring
the lcg;end, "Virtue, I^ihcrty and IndepeiuU-tici;," under-
neath which wore phiced the Arms of the Hritish Crown
lK>ttom up.

At an early hour, Congress met. "The despatches ffoiii
Washington wore read, congrntulntory speorhes were deliv-
ered, imd every other exprcstiiuii. comjjorting with the dig-
nity of such a stately body, was given to the joy which
filled every heart." At 11 o'elock, the Vice President of
the Slate, and mcnihcrs of the Council, waited upon the
President and member* of Congress, and npon the Minister
of France, to congratulate lliem upon the triumph of the
American and French arms. The St^ite flag was hoiinted.
and salutes were tired by the artillery in the Stale House
yard and by the ahipping in the harbor. At 2 o'eloek in
the afternoon. Congress, the French Minister, the Council
and chief officers of the t>tBte, together with n considerable
niunltcr engaged in the rivil and military departments,
repaired to the Dutch Lutheran Chiireb, where a service of
thanksgiving " lo the Great Disposer of all events " was held,
conducted by the R<^v. Mr. Dufficld, one of the Chaplains
of Congres!?. by invitation of the Minister of France, a
similar son-ice was attended in the Koman <'atholic Church,
on which occasion the Abln^ Ikndole, Almoner to the
Kmbassy of His Most Christian Majesty, delivei'cd an oar-
Dcst, a devout and a patriotic discourse- In the evening,
the city wns brilliiuitly illuminated.

"Alexander Quesnay, Esq., exhibited nt his lodging \n
Second street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets, a
heauliiul spectacle, viz. : On the right window were seen
thirteen stars^ representing the Ihirtcen I'nited States, each
of which div^-rgcrl » riy o( virtue toward* the name of His
Excellency, Gcnend >Vashington, which encircled a quiver.

J

OCB FBENCH AXLIE9.

489

The names of the thirteen virtues are: 1. AViBdom. 2.
Justice. 3. Slreiiglh. 4. TeruperiiDce. 5. Faith. C. Char-
ity. 7. Hope. 8. Courage. 9. llc^ligion. 10. hove. 11.
Policy. 12. FriemJ'^hip. 13. Constancy. Over this were
tlji-eti lleurs de hice, which environed the Count de Grasse'a
name, with the motto //u«ea/ diverging three rays of joy
towards the «»Id thirteen Slates.

"On the left window was drawn the [licttire of the illus-
triuus Americfln t-ommander, with his knee in his hand,
trampling underfoot the crown, of Britain, with the motto,
Jindsh Priilf. Over this were three fleurs de hice stand-
ing about the Count de Rochamhean'a name, with the motto
lluzxu! which also diverged three rays of joy towaixls the
aforementioned ilUistrioiw hero. The whole was formed by
diflereut colors, iu the nicest and most expressive manner,
and uttru4:ted not only the notice, but tlic universal admira-
tion of the numerous spectators." "

It had been intended to supplement the ilhiminution with
equally brilliant tire-works, but the unfavorable weather
compelled a postponement until the next evening, when Mr.
feale decorated his bouse with traiiKpart-neies. In tho
lower story was a repre.»;entation of the ship. " V'ille de Paris,"
under full sail. In the second alory were the busts of
Washington and Rochambean, encircled with stars aud
flenrs-dc-luro, with tlie legend, " Livf! Valiant Vhtf^'x!"
In the third story, a label extended across the front of the
hoti^ic, hearing the niutto : "Fob oi k Allies, Hi/.za,
Huzza, Huzza."

Congress passed a vote of thanks to Washington, to
Rochambeiiu, and to the officers and men under their
respective commands, for their servicca in the capture of
Yorktown. To the former were presented two stands of
British colors, received under the capitulation. To the lat-
ter, and to the Count do Grasse, were i-espeelively given two

* Frccnuti*! Jannwl.

RHODE ISLAND IN TRE REVOLUTION.

pieces of field nrdnance, taken at the same time, on eacb of
n hk'li WHS to lie engraved un appropriate lnscripti<m, recogniz-
ing "the tlluatrioii.4 part which they here In effecting the siir-
ren<ter." A i^esohitiuu whs also passed, directing that a b»rae,
hand.somcly caparisoned, nnd a sword be presented to Colo-
nel Tilghman,* ns expressiug an appreciation of his patriotic
services. For the purchase of the horKo and ncfoutreiupnis,
an order for four hnndrftd dollars, on thn treasury of the
United States, was placed in his hands. The swurd wad
niHiinfaL'turt>d in Paris ; hut Kefore it «a« finished, the Colonel
died, and on the 3Uth of May, 1786, it wa* presented by
General Knox, Secretary of U'ar, tn his widow. f

*Celaivel TuMh HlKtunan, mo of Jamrs TH/^liuiiiii. vra* bora DrrvmU'f 30, lT*i. ■!
Kauslvr- " pUnttllon iIiuhIhI upon K'Nuil4>ycm-k,[ii (hi? toiiiilT nrTBHtoi.MBijIkad- HI*
Ihlher wm hIumihI ■ lawrpr, aod Iti iTVi bM&nic ont of H)« AMMlaw Jnitlcri of Ui«
L'ourt Tor Talbol cotinly. H)t nmlhi-r wh* ■ (iBucliIrr uf Tcncli t'raact*. tUt., who
ramoTPit lo rhlUilHlfihlo. nml l>pnaini? AltoriiF}-0»iu-ral uf Ilw I"K>*inl* of t>llliii;lt«ntB.
nil itTpat »iic«ftur In .Mncri^n wm Kictuinl lllthniAit. Mirrrnn. «rhii rm[icr»ttsl (rava thv
coiintr of KrM. Kiiglaiiil.

I aloni*! Tilj;)imaii wm* one of a famll.v nt rnrlv« childrwi, aail tli» i'l"k«l of »l« brvilwr*.
Tor I>l4 Mtucaiion cajrAil pmvlitnii app^'ar* to hnn bi-am maiV-. At A aiiliablr utt-. lu- con
ti'Fi.lril biimirlf wtili hli iiriclB, T<-iich riniirii, Ihe loiingrr af llir nainr. anil vogafiri In
uK-wMftil voniini-iMltil purBDiu In ThlliiltfliiliUi. At llii* mmRKDwniMil of lUe KeTOlalton.
Iio drlrrnilni-il tu •lin.rc tlic fnic uf lila mnnlrjr, and (racrptnl III* c(imiiil»l(in of Ll^uletimnl
In a niilitnrjr ivnipaiir, uf wlileh lir lubHiiiirTitljr breamc Captain, In lliaimparlly, Iw
J«ln«(l Ibc annjrof iruUnglfrn, and ira» l(lrntllli-<l irllh lu forlnnu to tli« oIom «r tiM
war. In ITTA. tic tMVuinr a mpmlirr at VVaili:lii|ti><ii'« nillltwi r*inll;, nllh thr tank «f
I.trulenanl.i'uluiirl, iHvliiircliiu (li« funorlont or nn AI<Iv 'ir-i anip, ami nf cunAilpinlal
Sccrelary to hit f(iinni»rntrr, I'nr r<ili<ui.l TUjclimai.. WmliiiiKl'm cniprlalBfiJ Ihr warm-
cat alTaclton, and thr nlmtrai Intltnari bi>(<Kmi ttipni mniiSiii*il imlirnkMi (■> IW rnil of lUV.

JuDc II. 17*0, ColoiH-1 Tllirlirniiti uiu inurlHl Id IiIc coii^ln. IIIM Ana .Maria TllxliaiaB,
iiauKhlor of irir ItimrjniML- Matrlii-n nijrliinnii.orBax^lilc. TnltHil cusnlt. Mnrj-Iiifnl. At
i1i» ivriutiiuiloii »f itip war, hv vnio>ti'''i oner niutr in cnminmlul IradnKu. atiiS «l tliv tlnar
[>r 111* drnlli wiu anfoclali'd nltli Thr crklirarrd Anjiiirier, It0l>rrt MurrU. but died befOK
jiKiiiilurv nitn l>ccainr ilir inil csjmrlciici' uf llinl I'lnliit'iil patriot.

Karl/ III iTiti. a tllmiiac c^nirarluil llirviijc'i )innl*lil[) aii'l •■xiHxnjT I'nduivil "hlk In Ihv
■nv. waa rvltlmlly spirniaclilnjt a rri*!'. IIU ■Ir-aUi. iililcli ii«i'iuiti1 nn thr IMli nf A|ir1l
In Hiat ]mu,caig*int w l<|p.«pn<ad M>rrow. At Iii4 funeral, ltt> l*1law-i'llUvn* unil brvthmi In
«nn*|t«reoT«r7 mirabJo loki«<ir ihrlrapprMlatlaniir lil« worili.anitor tliHraflVctlcMut*
regard. Tlirrrcoifiiltlnii bj C'-ouftreaa of lili merlUa* au ufflnT lias already twvn nollevd
In tba toxi of lhUpajt«. Colimrl Tllsbinan lirfl iwo dnuRlitcrt, one orwliuui wai a poolltii-
IDOM chilli. Sftfnil poriniii of lilm arv rxtaiil. Ilr upiH-an In Vralt't palntlnx of ihr
CapllulnllDii tiT Vorktown, and alio lo Coloiiol .loliii Tniml>iiir> painllng of the BaUla*
of Trenton. An InUTvilliii: Mt'muir of Colonvl rilclnnait trai putillibcil In ItfTO.

T Tbf (word l« now in po*>rp*lon of h[« en at-srandMin, Coluncl OtwaJil TUchman, of
EoKtuii, MarylftoJ, and wa> worn h; hlin at Ihr Inir Yurkluwii n-titmiilal L'limravniorallon.
ll U a tuuid>oni« n^ior blade, wllh gold aud *Uii-r moutiltnjn. Vpno lli« bandir are
on^arrd Ihc InsifEnU of Ihv .■'ucicly nf ilic riiicliii.atl. anil tbt- wonif, "PrnKlltL-d ta
Llaut..rLil. Tuoch TUgbinan, byCoBgrrn, 'Krt. 18. imi."

OCR FREKCH ALLIES.

491

Three other rcsohitioos were also adopted, the first, to
appoint the 13th of December ae s day of thanksgiving
find pra.ver throughout the United States ; the sficond. to
extend thanks to GenemI Lafnvcttc for his meritorious

military sun-ieeH in Virj^iniu, with perDBiacd&D to go to
Franrc, to return at suuh time an might bo most eonvenJont
to him, adding a i'C4:iue>>t that he would communicate to the
officers and men imder \m conimand the satitifuction and
approhiitioti with whii-h Conffreas viewed tlicir cotiduct ; nnd
the third, to ei-ect at Yorktowu a marble monument, bearing a

492

RHODE ISLAWn IS THE nF\'OI.UTrO«T.

suitable historical inscription, and onmraeuted with emhlems
of the alliance between the United States niiJ Frnnce. The
first of those resolutions was cjiiTiecl into iiflVct with fervid
piety. The second was presented to Laf«y<?ttc, imd drew
from hiiu a warui, putrlotii'. respuiit>e. The third was not
carried iiila execution on account of the low state of tbo
public Uiiances. The laudable design lay dormant, until
1880, when it was revived, as will be seen in Bubsetpient
pages.

As the tidings of the capitulation spread through tho
country, demonstmtionB of joy, similar to those umde in
Philadelphia, were everywhere witnessed. The good news
reached Newport, October 24th, by tlie schooner "Advon-
lure," Captain \\"illiani Lovett, who sailed from Yorktown
October 20th. It aroused lively enthusiasm. The Com-
ninndiint on Khodo Island communicated It by exj>res« to
Deputy-Governor Jalwz Bowen, at Pi-ovidenoe. An extra,
i8*.ucd from tlie offiee of the Providence Gazette, camed the
tiBings to ever}' part of the State. In Providence, a salute
of thirteen cannon was fired, the Americjin and French flags,
with the Hritish ensign beneath them, were displayed, the
hells were rung, and other mean? were employed to express
, the intense pleasure that was felt. In the evening, a gentle-
man fmm Virginia gave a splendid ball at Hjieker's Hall.
Au exliibition of tire-works was a titting close to the excite-
ments of the day.

In Koston, the news was received with great enthusiasm.
The bells of the several ehurches were rung most of the
day. The ships in the harbor, both American and French,
displayed their flags. On the public buildings were hoiated
the national ensigns of the United Stfltos, Franco and Spain.
The roar of artillery from fvniie*! vessels tn the harbor, from
the forta, and from the field pieces of the local compunies,
proclaimed in thunder tones the general joy. TheGovenior
gave an entertainment, at the "Bunch of Grapes," to the
French allies in town, and another, ut his residence, to tho

OUR FRKNCn ALLIES.

498

Ilonorubic Council, nnd to other gentlemuti uf distinction.
Public ThnnksgiviTig services were held in throo of the
meet'mg-hoii8u.s. uud a tolliietiuii was taken for the benefit of
Boston soldiefM serving in the cmitincntal aituy. At New-
bui^h, where General Arnold wna bnrned in effigy, at
Kredericksbnrg, at Ilzirtt'ord, at Kishkill, at ^'ew Rnms-
wick, at Trenton, «t Princeton, hI New Wiii<it*or, iit Albany,
and in all pnnci[>al towns, artillery salutes, Nocial fiitea,
congnitiilatory addresses, and other iinpmniptii demonstra-
tions were the order of the day.

Cieneral Count do liocbambeau dejiuted the Puke de Lnu-
z«n and the Counl Williatn de Deux-Ponta to carry to Franco
an official ac<ount of the siege and surrender of Yorktown.
They took their dopnrtui-e in different shijjs, Laiizun caiTy-
ing the original aeeount, and Ooux-Puuts a thiplicatc copy.
Both of the messengers reached their destination in safetj*.
Lnuxiin went tlirectiy to (lie King, and prcwnted the tiosi>atch
of which he wna the bearer. " My new*!," he stiys, "eansed
the King the grciitest joy. I found the Queen with him.
He made [lumerouti inquiries, and said many civil IhingK.
He asked ine If T intended to return to America. 1 ix-plied
yes. lie added, that 1 might at^sure his army iJial it would
be treated handsomely, better than an}' other had ever been.
I replied, that I was ready to carry his favors to America in
a fortnight." The I>nke did not return immediately, but
remained in Franco imtil late in 1782, when he sailed for
the United States, where he remnined until Murch 11, 1763,
when, with the remnant uf the Fi-enuh fm-cea, he embarked
at VVilmington for France,*

Count Deiix-PontK, in addition to the official document
and other jmperB intrusted to him by Counl de Rochanihoau,
to<vk ordei*s from the Count de Grasse. His diary eontaina
this brief record ; ".\fler a Itoisterons passage of nineteen
days, we arrived olT the coast of Franco ; and on the 2-lth

■Tlw Tlrfiiila UUtuncal Sodeijr hu In It* poMMtlmi k ponnit of ttM Duke Ac L«iuvn.

4U

RHODE ISLAND Q! THE REVOLPTION.

of November I enjoyed the inexpressible pleasure of
embracing at Versailles Those |>enMm8 who lire to mo tbe
dearest." For " the valor and courage " displayed by him at
Yorktown, the King made him a Chevalier of the military
order of St. Louis.

When the intelligence of the suiTcmler of the British
forces lit Vwrktown reached London, the minifitry was
greatly afritiitcd. On making it knowti to I^)nl N'orth, he
received it, so3's Loi'd (jcoi^ Germain, "as he would have
taken a ball in the breast, .... for lie opened his
arms, exelainiiiii; wildly, as lie paced np and down the
apartment, during a few mintites, 'Oh, my (iod ! it is all
over I ' words whirh lie repeated many tintes, under emo-
tions of tbe deepest agitation and distress." The King was
at Kew, and Lord Germain, i\s .Secretary for the American
depiirlment, sent off a dispatch to His Miijesty, actjuaiiiting
him with the melancholy Icrniination of the expedition «>f
Lard Cornwallis. ^^'hatever feelings of disa]>pointiuenl the
news may have nwakened. he jircson'cd an oxtonial calm-
nesd, quite in conlra^t with the deiipniring outbuitit of Lord
North. In reply lo the des])atH], the King said, that while
he lamented "the unfortunate result of the operatioiii) in
Virginia," he trusted that neither I^rd George (fcrmain nor
any member of the ( 'abiriet woidd suppose, that it woidd
make the smallest alteration in thowc principles ol conduct
which had directed him in the past, and which would always
animate him " under everj* event hi the prosecution of the
present contest." " Whatever opinion we may entertain,
nrlative to tho practicabilitj* of reducing America to obedi-
ence, by force of arms at the end of 17^1, wo must admit
that no sovereign ootdd manifest more calmness, dignity, or
self-command, than George the Thiixl displayed in this
reply." •

■ W/ixall'a Hruolr*.

496

RHODE ISLAND IK THK BEVOLUTtON.

belpfiil to General Greene, and tend to the same result.*
Wushiri^on made Ibc proposition to the' Cotinl de Ornsse,

* JTiithBJMtrl (lnrn« nt il(«»«dpit IWmi John (in«n», onv of the nrlr irttlm^ of War*
wlclt, K- I. He »■• Ihr Kin of .\ulh>iiiBt-l nail riirlx' Urvcnv, uiwJ »a* liurD In VTorwlek,
Junrfl, \Tii, U.S. HltfHthit «&> • ]in-itclii-r In tlir hoeMy ot VtU-adt. Ihc owiwr of ft
lar^ Innd**] i'iiritt4-, of • ff lit mill, n uv mill, and a taifv. Of tlic rarl; lire uf thv tiih-
Jrct Of TliUnolke.ttie rollonlnrUn brief icmniary- He (howcd. In IovIkkhI. ■ foailiivM

for itiiiidnji. mill fiir uIIh-t " muitlillj " iilfB«ur*ii.Oim(il<-l> liU "Irr JVowtlnl. He )Uil|K>ralMl
liU cimtiiiiiili)!! liy wurkliiB HI lilt- fiir|[c. He wh4 ■'•ml uf IfaniluK- llo innl, wllb torn-
■Ecnilablt: Inclutirv, lite M-miO'iuli'nninffvi atroravA fiuita eil^icatlun. In 11» hlf )irr niailiu-
iiiHIli'i lit* bi«»iii<- a |>r['l1ciriil. Hi- ftalliin^il «. hlirap. atiil briNitk-iiiil >>L> k ii^nrlnlKv lif a
IK-rtl<atiir till- t'lMi^i.''. aiiil olhcr itaU'lanJ litcralurc. hi c>iiip»idli»ii,W ar<juln-d a lluviii
aiil r'jifiMe 'Tvlr, Ur rind tun. Ilr ttuilli-il iiillllAry Iiii:i!ct, iiiivl autrlnl to «Tiiitil(c (hi)
" Kpiiilili IIuHnlio." Uf Hvut to ItiiMoti nnd |>urcliBH^ ■ iiiui|ci-l. Ilial, r> a iittraln. ho
ntlglit hi.- propcrl)^ nrtiKid. IW hl> ■lUllaiy ticviiriiiitirt, and for olh«r caiilniTvn11»D> of
the luin uf Ihr Siiflrly of Frlriiili, kr «■« ■• I*«i3 oul of niii'iliiii.'' Up Ipprrsrntrd III*
iianvo Iowa In Hip Kti(iili< Itlnnd tivuMal A»fciiiblyi and, July W, ITT*, hv wa* niarrlMl to
MUFi'ulltarliiK i,llll<-ll(-l<l. n ilouiclilrr of Joliii l.lHlvflrlil. >-J>i|., of \rw ^hcr<-luln■. K. !.>•
ladr In ■■«»] vruy viirdif iif lii> alTpellon. Bitl hir wn* not ilr^rliiinil to n-maln In obacilrttj.
llli conotry called lilm lu u.*rlM \u ikriiwliij; al! iLc yokr oT ijTvaDT. and lio obijroi- tt U
iu tii* iniilllarj' aliafimlcr lliac Iip in nun lo be irru.

N»xl in Wflah Indian, <lMiont1 Grrviif Iii*li1 v. timmutl rank nniann th* nrolnlloiuvj oA.
cur* of 111* Kradf. Hit uuiuikl vudowinviitF, no lean than the aoijiitritliiti* of • lun^ rap*<-
rt<-iiri.-. rniliiritil}' i|iiNlilir<l liliii fur llir rripoiiiltjlr ilullo of ht* 1ii|ch mllllary pMiltlun. lie
wiu limrv, *Tii-r|(>-ik, iiniiiiiiC In iln-ii1t> and act, }iri>dcoi, i-aiiilnitt. hiipvAil, p»r*Ut(^ and
•ulf'SonlrollvO. Tli«<'* iitiallLii^d In liign wri-rr apprtflntcd 1>;^ hl> ronipaiiloiii In nrm*. "■■^
by ItlrroUMlrr al larjrr: and Iif was loukrd Vptm, In the rvriil nf WBililn|!lon'» dcalh dur.
Inn ihrcoiilinnutipe uf dip wnr, a* »nt<. If uot itic only oiii'.wtiu conM llll lit* |>lBn' niidhoM
Tlir ]iuMtr conlidnicc. H'aihlnifloii ridlitl inidituldiuvl.v ii|i<)n Id- juilitmrnt, and hcilowrd
npijii lidu llll uiidiunlrBJIKHl 1>ii-ii<l«U1^>, IIh> Imiid* uf ulilch liirii< utri'iiirtlHiawl. "Hhr fiwU
lii| niu wannty n4Ti]>rii><'utM] (<> i^rvtiM'. and Ilir fralrraul n.'lalluu> uf tliD two l<^in||
UrniTitU lit l):iF lIi'iululiiNi n-tiiaiiinl nnbniikcD to thi-rluw of llfr.

Few tiH'ii tiiivc Imtd «i ra|ildl^ iidTatiPvd In mltttari' mnk a* won nn«nr. Pram uian-Jk-
Ing mt a prltali' l» thr " KnitUli tiitard'." tw taaii timniv a ltrliiadi«r~(iiinvr«l. In com.
Diandnf tlirrrn-filiiiriiKmiiiilltiilliiKlhe K1>imI« l>lan<l .^rtiiv of OtiMnNTlan. TtiMc li«
TmI to Cnnibrlilfri'. In itiip|ii)n of WaildUKtitir Aftn iiflvr, lie aa* apiMiliitvd to thr wuii*
rank in iliv i?oulli>< iiml iirmv. and a vi-ut lattr W«i iuad« a UiOor-GrnrrPl,

li U hot nii-dfiil hi di.-*crilH' liriT lilt liiijHiriani iii[IUaij H-nlcr* on Tnina Inland, At
Trpnioii, ■! I'tlni'fiDii, ul ttmiiiliwlur. ul r>prniniitoiTii. and at M'Hiinonlh, iinr la ii-fak nf
tilf prow'i" 111 till- Itlmde Inland i ampnlKn, undi-r f-iilllvan, :.tii/<,r>. fi4.\ nnr to namilP
hl'Tnlllinil ntid |>rr|drxlii)rliilHir> [ii dlwhaiiflng ilie tliHiikli-u diiili-i nf ijiurleriiui>trrn*ii*
erul (if tV ojMlInviital mnny, tior vrl lo dcllnofllt- hl> tirllJInnl 'I'ultmn career Vor all
th<^'e and iii<>n', riiiicrTniiii; a rriidiillotiary licn>, whom iIh- |ii-ii|iIi- of ltlii-idi- liland wlU
rtcr liold lu ■•liDltaliuti, tlic rritdiT It ivfrmil lu tlic llirtv nubl? •uliiiiio "f Hit Uf«. writ-
ten hy FtvfrtiHir iivurgf IVnulilnulonlirM-m'. As AimMir («iilim>iiiiiil ^iroemrsl lirtvno"!
"wlHlont, riiTlJIiiilp and iiiitliAr* Milll " whilv ruiiiiiinuclliiff In tlii' Smitlimi lx-|iarln»cnl,
Contirpii pniMHl a inoliiiloii lo (ir»'*inl lilni wllli •■ two flecei i>f tlic Held onliwnn lldt«i
from iHp ItrlU'l) army bI llio r u«|m.-ii>, Aiii;i>*1h ur Kiifaw ■* V Irnti- t,l mtitrnttr vra* alM
(raurril lilfii, whlrh Ue Iinpnivnl lu lUlt Ithndr Itland, wlierL' " hniinr* and thanfca wvrc

BWIllltllK IlllIl"

GFi>?rAl Urecnc wa« m original m«ii1i*T of 11m -Onrlriy of ihr flndniiait. ofwtilcll

WaiLiliKliui H-n* thr Ilml rnrtidviit. He *a* alio. a> Kami on piiji* IM, I'roldrnl of lll«
Rhod* Wlaud Kcwlfty of Hi* llnetnnatl. lib b«d|(« of tbe Ordir, a gr<iA t^nU; wiu jito.

; " ''

/ '

MA.IOR CCKCHAL NATHANIEL GRCtNE

1

^.c^^

lii-H ■rr.i.r I

OUR FBBKCH ALLIBB.

497

but he tleoline<l to entertnin it, on the ground that having
ucc-oiiiplif^bed the purpose for which his fleet cauie to Amer-
ica, it now het-amft his duty to obey the instructions of his
government, as well ai to fnltiU his oltli^tion» to the Spnn^
iiirds, by returning, witliout further tlelny, to the West
Indies. Washington, still intent upon bia scheme, pro-
posed th»t he shouUl iiikc a body of troops on board his
fleet and iaiid it at Wilniiiij^on, while ])iirsinng his voyage;
but this, from prudential considerations, he also declined.
Ul>on eonsultalion with tho Count de Hochauibeuu, Wash-
ington found him disinelined to en^^age, that seaaon, in
another caD)pnigii, and the plan was rohtctantly ubaodoncd.

BRITISH STANDAKDS PBESEyTED TO CONGRE&S.

The Philadi'lphia Freeman's Journal of November 7,
1781, snys:

■'Oii i^aturttay afterDooD lost, l>etween the hc^nr* of thr«e and four,
•rrlvvd lierc twciity-rour rtgimvittal Glauiliinlfi, tafcvu with the BrllUti and
Qerman forces iiiulcr Lord Gornn-allis. TLcy were received by Iho volim-
teer cnvnlry of tills city of Schoyllcl]] and coDclii>ct«d Into town, displajed
In n la»K iirOintasIiHi, |>rrced<^1 by thi^ Aiiirrhuiti and French colore, at A
prr>[K-r<lii>t!iiicp. Thi*y wtreparHded tbroUj-h tho priticlpiil 8trp»c« of the
cltyj umldtit the Joyful acclatnallutia of surroundlug muUllDdea, to Ibe

nrvd Tor lilm In rmncv b^ General I.ftfkj'clt*, and U now la tlw poMc«dan of Nathannt]
Grrtuv. M- D.. of Newport.

A porlrullof Ucnfral IJtii-iiP, pnliilnl l>j Cliarlr* Pcnlc, of rbtlMlclplih, lnnrnrd bj Ihc
Iluiwtnlili' WItlliirig fint-nr, of Kait (jn>pnnlc1i, lli' nUu pooi-mtM an cnKr«t?il |iurinill of
tlic CicnnrDl, which [jirAvHIii i.iriiiii>uiici-i1 to dr llir (ic*l IlkcticM of lilni IliiU In- li«il ever
■cva. Il wm iirruiiiliHl hy ilir liftiiTsi (» l.afa.Killr, Nnd utter 1iBn|rlD|[ lu 1il> cluimbpr, a(
I^linnsp, tlilrty or furiy yoiirn, war «lv(ii hy him lu Mrp. .■'Itaw, « duuftiirr of Urnenl
Orvriir, tin ilie uo.-Bt[Mn ul' hpr ilall lu tin ibcxiliil rrft-nil nr lirr Inllirr.

Aflor dUHliijt l)U iiillliary enTv«r, ti^iioral Unt'nv inailo Ni-upurt hli temporary hamc.
Rv lh»nfc rrm'Dvi.il to tlir nrlf^liburliiKxl of SsvAiiainli, mid iMttMl upnn b t>l"nlalfan prr-
■Fiilril lu liiin by I he Mute iif GrutpU. Ilttr lir d^rd lYoiii RUiKtrulcir, Juni- 19, ITsd, uiilvrr-

Hllr JninTiiiPil. Hit fitnrral wiu Inipvilnit. and lilKR-niHliKwtre <(c|io>ii<Til lii a viiutt In
Savnniiiili ; t>tir, ■riuii|[i* In tay. Ihr jilacror Mk tr|>iilturr lias licrn (br)|ollcn, aad tio living
prriDQ can nuic [iclul iiiit llir apal whvrn Ii1> body ivstii!

C'iniKKM. Ill liouurof ikc mtmory uf Ut^crul Grren^votMl l9 tTVH a m«natn«iil "at
till: nfoE of \he Fi-iliTn] ci»T'''i><'i<'nt,"wlikIi nainrvrrildinf ; bill thc^talc of Rli«i]<- Iiland

lioi luppllrd ilie ilcHcli-iiry by Ibo |^ft of a iivlilc iialuc, (.-xccaled by U. K. BrowD, ami
(land ia Uit Katlonal (.'apltol.

03

498

BHODE ISLAiO) IN THE REVOLUTION.

BlBt« Housa. Tbe hostile aUndanU rrerc there laid Bt the ffcet of Con-
KrcjtH and llix Excetlcucy the ambiiMiiailor nrFranci'^a nol>U- and exalted
rni'iDorlttl or thv victory gntneii by ihc allk-il forceit i>vep tho alavea of
tyrauuy and opprestiion."

On tho ijth of November, Wimhitipttm Inft Yorklowii.and
on the 27th, he visited Philndoli)hia. His presence was bHiled
with d(di;;hl. The Pivsiilent tif C«nijriesj* welcomed him
wiih iin !itliiieH!i (iCcdnirriitiihilioii, imd In The evening, ii bril-
liant display of transpai-vneies, designed and oxeetited hy
Mr. Cliiirlett W . l*enle. wiis miide. Ainoujr the sjjecial
ftttriictions were poitraUs of W'lwhiiiffton and (.'ouiit de
Kochnmbeau, "with niys of glory and InlerUced eivio
crowns over their heads, framed with pulm and Imucl
leaves, and the words, In trauspai-ent letteri^, ' Lif'e, Val-
iunt C/iitfu'i the whulf! yneiirled with t^tars and flcurs-de-
■luce." •

WINTER - QUARTERS.

LOCATION 01' TtlK TKOUPS.-KOCIIAIUBEAU'S HEAn-ylTAKTEKS.
—PAVILIONS BIRNEI> AT NEWPORT.— CORKESrONDENCE OF
BliVILLE. TARLfi, BOCHAMBEAU AND I>i:MAS RELATIVE TO
THE MOVEMENT OF THE TROOPS. -LETTER PROM CHASTEU
LUX TO (JOVEKNOU HAUniSON.— THE ARMV ON THE MARCH
NORTHWARD.

N immediatp movement of the Frenirh trooi>jj not
appuiti'iiig iieees^ury. Count de Ifochunibuiiu douidud
to remain in Virginia until the next spring. On the first of
November, the anny went into winter-quarters, — the Legion
of Lan/.un, eonirunnded by M., de <,'hoisy, at Hampton; the
regiment of Suisaonnajs, and the gi-cnadier^ and chast>etini

> trvcfum'* Joarnid.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

4t^9

<if Snintongc, at York ; llio regiment tif Sjiinlmigc jit the
llulf-way Houfce, between Vork aud Humptuu ; aiul ono com-
pnny of artillery and a dptachment of fifty men, under the
eoinmsiiid of tlie Vieonite Viomesnil. at Oloncpsler. Three
cunipaiiies of the Deiix-Punts were sent to Jnnieatown, :uid
the siege artillery whs stationed al Vest Point, in Virgiiiin.
The l](?iKU]uarter8 of the Count de liochnniheau were nt Wil-
liainslmrfr. Here the ren:impnt of Iloiirlionnois. and also that
of Deux-X*onts, had their cantonmenta. According (o Blaneh-
Qfd, the Count de HochnniUeaii estiiMished head-qiinrteri^ at
Newport. .\f. de Villeman^y, ''('oijirni.'*snire de giierre."
witli other officei's. quartered in Kichmond. But wherever
quartered, nil were welcomed with a geuerous hospitality.
The princi|>al inc-idcnt of an encampment at Newport was
tlie burning of two pavilions. In the first, attached to the
hospital for thn officers, several of these were severely
wounded. In the second, a sick soldier perished.*

It appoarw, by the following corrospon donee, to have been
the intention of the Count de Hoclmniheaii to move his
army from \'irginia, in tte opening of the year 17S2, but
eircum stances caused a delay until June.

*■ WiujAHSBtrao, ilanuary 23, I'M.

" Ynii know. Sir. tlic Intention of Itic fount dc Ro^hnmbeau to convey
to I'eytonsburg. on Itie Itoanokr. the body of forflgn volurtcpi-s of Lua-
7Mn which is nt Hampton, where It will bi- rellcvrd thr same day by th(>
(-■i^liL r.ompnnlt-)! of the KcglmenC ot Hnlnton^, in (|uitrtcr8 at llnir-Wnj-
Ilouse.

■' M. Dumas leiives to-day. the 23il. for Richmond, chBrip-d wUli n let-
ter ft'oni ttiv CijHiil <l(t K(K-lia»i)n'au to tlm GoVL-ruur nf Vlri>lii1a. Ho will
not arrive there til! llm 24th In the evening, will da lib himlness dnilng
llid iit-it day, niicl U will prnliably not 1h> till Il)e:i7th. In the evcniu';, after
th* rctiiru of the express wlilcli lie in to senit to uie. thi*l I shnll Iw tblv to
llx deflnltcly the march of HiIh body, wblcb will uot start, ui fOoac-Ht. till
(hi; 'i'.KL froin Hawpton. I kIihII not Ttill to announce to you the day of \t»
depiirturc. lui Huon as It shall be (IimI.

"The body of fnrelsn votnnieers or Ijiuziin l.« In proceed f>otn Hrii]i><
ton to Willlninftburjc, In two iMtyn. It i» 31 iDik-s n-om WIIIIxni»biir|; to

> BlutorMnl.

500

RHODE I8LAKD IN THE REVOLUTION*.

Richmond, In three, where probably II win sojoarn. It Is SO miles rrom
Hlchmond to Ciimberiantl Court House, in two. It Is (0 miles from Cnm-
bprland Court House to Prince Rilward raiirt Hoiisu. Iti two, nntl Ttom
Prhiec Etlwnrd Court Housp to IVytonshiirg on the noanokc, In ibree,
paaalufT by Cols [CoIm] fi- rry. It la BO miles, wlilcli m«kc,<i in nil KIT miles,
In tirelvo dnyx' ninrch of 20 mttvs. one wltli luiothcr. not Incliuling one
or two anjourns, wlikli H will probnlily bv iHi'CKAfiry Co caune It to mnke,
and wtilcli will bo fixed accordlns to llie knowledge of localllle«.

•■Til*' forflgn volunteemurLaniiin wUI probably Imv* nccil ormrrLiaes
fortbis inarcli, and the el^lu com|)uii!<^'>> of Sainton;:!! will likewise bK«o
ne«<l of them to proceed to Ilxmpton. It la a very Hhort innrcti. and see-
lug 1 lie proximtiy, those wMch yon will give tlitrm will be able to make
IWo joonipyfl, mid Iiy conseqncnrc diniiiibh the number of thrm : it la not
the »>inio with the carriages of the rurcl^n volunteers, wlitcb ought lo be
well rurnlshet) with horses, on occonnl of the length of tlie marches; It
will cvL-n bv well to huve n couple of empty onen In the trnlti of this body,
to pick up the stragglers.

"M. Dumas Is rhnrged to Indicate lo M. rte Vlllcmnniy the dlin<rent
places where this body will slop, ]» order that he Riayftrrsn^c tlic depnrt-
arcs to be maile In the place*) through which they piUM.

" I have the honor lo bf , with sincere nnd perfect attflCbment, Sir, yoat
most humble snd most obedleut servaiit.

"WiLLijUiSBtmcn, Pebruar; 1, 178S.

•• I Imve the hooO'r lo Infbnn you, Sir, and dear commde. thut thp Count
de Rochttinhenn hns tlmnght piv)pi.-r to delay llic rtepartitre of the Lefllon
of Lsiizun until the snow h melted and the roads are drli-il n Utile. So I
pray yoH lo fuini, howfvei. your arranKeriientji In order Hint the Bubslst-
enceof the mi-n anil luir^v* niiiy be ready, whtn It puts Itself In inotloa.
That U to F^ay, that wc may be In a posture lo mnhe bread nnd kill aaltnaU,
la soon as I »lioll amioiircc to you the day that It will march, I will do
to, AS soon as I am infonned of It.

" Why did you not tell mc that yon liad hod jirecn cloth given to tho
-Cbevfttier de la. Ucth? lu truth, ihla niytterlousti«iis on yoor part Is very

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 501

singular, and however litllc you may wish to reflect, you will feel bow
miicfa It Is deplored.*

*• 1 have the honor to be, with very perfect and sincere attachment, Sir
aod dear comrade, your most humble and most obedient servant,

" WiLLiAMSBURQ, Fcbroary 6, 1782.

" 1 have the honor to Inform yoa, Sir, and dear comrade, that the
Legion of Lanzun will leave Hampton the 9th of this month, that It will
arrive here the 10th, will aojonrn there the llth, and that It will march
the 12th, to proceed to Richmond, following the Itinerary which haa been
delivered to you. So It will arrive there the 15th. Make, In consequencet
your* arrangements, and act so that nothing may be wanting, and that every
day you may he certain that nil that Is due to It Is ready. Profit, I pray
you, Sir and dear comrade, by every opportunity that shall present It»elf,
to inform me of all that Is relative to your details. None ought to be
neglected, and you will see the Importance of them.

" I have the honor to be, with very perfect and sincere nttacbmeat, Sir
and dear comrade, your most humble and most obedient servant,

"M. do VlUcmanzy."

FROM THE COUKT DE BOCHAMBEAU TO GOVERNOR HARRISON.

"Williamsburg, February 9, 1782.
" Sir: — The Legion of Lanzun has left Hampton to go to Uichmond.

* The oHglnkl* of theie lelten wrre procur<.-d for the muthor In Paria, wbere thcf had
Mcaped the diiaiten or a centurf , and found a ufe dvpoill In a book-slora on on* of tb*
quay*.

502

RHODE I8I-AND IX THK REVOI.DTION.

wbMioc It shall pat furwnnl either to CamberlHiid Court IloaM or to

Pe^loiwbu rg, Bcconiliig U> tliy ticcauiit Hint shill W itivrii by Mr. Dumas
of Itia posstbility of IM e^ilablliiliiDcnt at «lther or tbese placrs. One of
our n-lHates lia^ l«von uiiluckil)- wi-vckcd ut Capu Ueur? u&d Is CDtirely
loat.* I sL'iiU to Your Excellency a copy of the t.'«ptiitn'» rt-laitoo of ll.
He \s an uiDcer nf dtttlngiilshcd merit nn<1 has Ain'ay.q hehnvcd blin^elf
wittt ^rent courage on all ilangcrous occasions. He spcAks with the greau
eat gratitude of the auccors atfonleiJ lilm by Colouel Hoghcs, and all the
Inhabltftntit of that t:oniit. I twg of Ymir Kxti-IIi-ncy to write them how
mticb w« lire gratlfletl for them. The unhappy pilot (,'tjaniljern had
behaved with a srihl ileal of oljKtIoftcy and luuuraiice. I have been told
thtct lie bH» buvii t&kfii od board the Brtltsh frigate the ' Iris.'

" I am with respect, Sir.

"Toar Escellency'8 Moat Obedient ntitl Humble Servaot,

^ c/^:>0^^^«^-ii^— -^

-£ U^^tJ^

" I Mnd lo Yrtiir Excellency my answer to an unsealed letter which has
come to me fVom n Major I am ncqiiiiinluil with in Norlli t'aroliiin. J Iteg
of yon to get It traiiatatod for your owu reading, aud to sead it to him by
the flrsl opportunity.

*' His Excelleucy (jorernor Harrlaon."

Ill nnticipntioD of moving the nrmy onrly in June, ttie fol-
linving lettLT whs luldrossud to Guvoriiur llurritioti :

" PktkwbvbO, the -Itb of Jani-, 1792.

"Sue— Having received oMlmri from Qonaral Comte de Uochambenu bo
open the march for tlu» Icfjlon from Charlotte Court House to IVlersburg,
aud to quarter Che snmi.' at that plflL'Q; aud kLiowliij; thai he dexired Your
Kxcellenry to njipuliit a proper peraon for polnUiii; out to luo the most
convenient placc-^n, 1 tjik»; the liberty to bci; Hint .Mr. llanU-l Tuaftdale, n.
Q, M , ahoalil be the man. I delivered lo him the lUt of the quariera

*Tlio IVi^tf Io«l. \nrv uicutlonnl, iraa Thf DlllgrtiU, cuminandn] bf tlw rtirrBller d*
CloaaKt. lilt wrt-ck ort«m*l Fcbrumr; 1, 17W. Iwo niUci *wuili of Capw Htary, uwlnft to
Uir liiniifnnrr rjf llii- jiilot. Twriitv-iliTi-r of ilir cn-ar, llir jillut, o Hildli^r of Ihc [kiurbnn.
noU.Bnil urmtlitT of llio llojul [loitx IViiiia inne ilrcwnnJ. I'li* hundrvil of llif cre» w*r«
l»D<l(sl on a rntt, The t'pptnln AUil riphtT H'cil Miaalaed oa tosrd onlll tlic lili of t'tbn-
atj, wlivii lliv icMt:! Iwlnir liujirlruli tank In (lie laliil. Ij» sIijiiuIouviI lirr. Bii[ioliilinf 31.
I>)!4K(!ni:ltr4 and toi-liv ■»■>» in rpmaJu iii >i|ttil of tliKfrlintC' rn titkv upwlialcvtr Hiljtlil b:
flnatcdiullit kliitrr.

OUR FBENCH ALLIES.

503

wanleil, nncf expect to meet with him here on my retiiro n-om Charlotte, If
your Excclli^ncy Invests lilni vvlili liulllclenl authority,
" I Iiavc the honor to he, with htquI respect,

" Voiir Exccllcncy'tt moat tiumhie and tnoitt obedlvnt Kerraut.

^'^^^/'^

" HU Exccllouvjr Gureruor lUn-iauu."

AN EXFLANATORY LETTKK PKOM TIIR XAttQlTIS GHASTBLLUX
TO OOVKKNOK HAKHI80N.

*' SiK : — Ici (hr aI)j»PDc» oT Coont Rocliambeau, who has left the iirmy to
go to riiiladflphla, I hawe received Your ExcclleDOy's two letters of Ihe
8d nwd lili uT July. wLlcli Imve heca d«Uvere<) me hy Mr. I'rlce. I know
wcU tlic iiiLcntiuus of tlio GcultuI, uud cuu nxsuri; you Lhut I huve aot Icax
iktKiiiiloii tlian lio liSR to prtfuiervo wlih tli4> En'nte.'it care lli« property of
the inUftbiUnt.t of Vlrginlu. I hnvc no knowledge ornny ofder (I!<^tited In
the lonns Your ExctllcDcy has (jimti^d tu your letter of the .td iiutuHt, Imt
I know LliiiL fill thp o!TJc<t» Imvr Ihv.-ii furbiii, umirr the iimst Hovpru pen-
alties, to tftke any Kejfro lulo llielr service, or even to rocetvo t]xvta lut«

CftUip.

•■ ThRAc prei;uuclonii are not only dictated by Justice, but also by r«cip-
rocAl interest. Tour Excclltncy having takco the sAmc steps to have our
deserters apprehended thnt wl- have tnkeii to prevent tlie deserliuu of
your Negroc-H, liiit I niii norryto he ob|[gi-d to t»<II Your Excellency In con-
BdoDce, tbat w« hrtd clnlmed as property of the InhahltaiiU of Virginia,
several tii>r!<e<i and Neurocs, the (IrM of tvliiclj bunvbt more tliun a ycRr
■go \a C'unucdicut, luid the latter purchiised fl-utn prUe.'i lahtiu by French
Hlilpa. At all events, I request Your Kxcelk-iicy to he pemuadcd thut no
person re^pet'ls more than I do tlic Idhk aud properly of tv people, who
bavin? made so many clTortA to assure lis Itberly, has a sapedor right to
nil olherit to enjoy erfiTr udvantngu that can br drstn-d ftom It. Your
ExcellcDCf will permit □I'e to express the regret t have to cjutt this coud-
Iry without having tlie bunur of xeeing you, and at thu suniu time of a<tsur
log you in person of tlic Ncntimeuta with which I hnve the honor to be
" Your ExecUeucy's most obedient humble servant.

'•Nkw CAinTLK, July 15, \7»-2.
'llla Excellency Qovemor Uorrlsoa."

504

RHODE ISLAND TS THE REVOLUTION.

At longtb, tUo day of dcjmrlurc arrived. Oil the 23d of
Juno, the tirst divittiuii commenced tts march, and pnAscd
through Frederick slnu-g, Alexmidris and Georgetown to
Baltimore, the ])oint chosen for the reunion ofuU the trooiui,
and there hulled. The third divUton, under the Count do
Viomesnil, marched to Newcjutlc, where its commaoder
haltet] and gave a li;ill. He then passed through Hnnover-
town, Frederic ksbiiig and Alexandria, where, hy invitation,

^

*

w

{Fruui n FrcneU Rcgmtlag,)

he dined with Mrs. VVashinjtiflon, and reached Baltimore
June 27lh. The fourtli divij^km, conaisting of the regi-
ment of Saintonge, and of a detriehinent of nrtiUery, com-
manded by the Count de Custinc, look tip its line of march
July 4tb, and in due thue joined the other <livisi(n>!? at Bal-
timore, then a city of ci^ht or nine thousand inhabilanta.
During the time the army halted at Bullimorc, the neatness
of its iippearancc, and the orderly conduct of the soldiers,
made a very (nvorahlc imprc!i.sion. On the 23d of August,
the army commenced its march by divisioust and passing

OUB PEENCH ALLIES. 505

through Washington, Philadelphia, and Trenton, reached
C'rompond, on the North river, -on the 14th of September.
It was received with military honors. As the American
troops' tiled before Washington and the Count, the latter
expressed his satisfaction with their soldierly bearing, and
said to Washington : " You have formed an alliance with the
King of Prussia. These troops are Prussians," *— a
deserved complimont to the system of tactics introduced by
the Baron Steuben.

BIRTH OF THE DAUPHIN.

|N the Slat of May, 1782, the army at Newburgh, by
order of Washington, celebrated the birth of the
Dauphin of France, by a parade, by the discharge of artil-
lery, and by a. feu-de-joie by the infantry. An elegant din-
ner was given in an immense pavilion, erected for the pur-
pose by Major ViUefranche, a French engineer. At this
dinner upwards of five hundred ladies were present, among
them being Mrs. Washington, Mrs. Clinton, Mrs. Knox,
Mrs. Livingston, Mrs. Rand, and Mrs. Montgomery. In
the evening, a brilliant ball was held in the pavilion, on
which occasion Washington, selecting Mrs. Knox for a part-
ner, gracefully led down the dance.

On the 15th of July, the French Minister, M. de la

Luzerne, commemorated the same event in Philadelphia

with an elaborate display that surpassed even the brilliant

• " Mhchianza," given by British officers

yyj^^t^J-^ ^" honor of Sir William Howe, on the

eve of his departure for England.f

•Thatcber.

tThc'ilflfcAlansa wai clilclljr a tilt and a tournainent, with other ent«rtatiiin«ntt. It
took place at Wharton's countrjr seat, near Pbjladelphla, while tbat clt; wat Id poMcisioa

64

506

RHODE IftLANt> TK TRK REVOLUTION.

Dr. lluiijtiiniti Kiii^h, in a lotter to u lady friend, tinted
July ll>, 1782, ond published in The Porttblio, Vohirue IV.,
Is 17. describes this fiite in bonoi- of tlio DaupUin's birth-
diiy in ;jl«>win;Er terms. For sonn' days prior U* the enter-
Ijiinmcnt, hair-di*es3ors were retaitiod, shops wore crowded
with cu!itouiert», nud the nhility of tnilors, luilliners and
nDinttin-tnakorti wax tastod to the utmoitt. The cingngemoaU
of the gentlemen of the comb were so numerous, thiit on tho
ntorniiig of tbo cvoiitftil duy, muny ladies were oblij^d to
hnvo their 4iend» dressed between four and six oV-ltick.

Xo pains were spared to give to the evening a splendor
cuiumoiisurnte with the dignity of the occasiorj. A building
for n dancing-room was erected, sixty feet in front and forty
feet deej>, tind the ceiling wtis decorated with emblemutienl
])iiintint^. The adjacent pirdcn whs cut iiiio heautifid
wnlks, and divided into artificial groves. The ciiiitiite was
provided with thirty cooks, obtained from the French army.
Kloven himdrt'd tickets of invlUition wci-c is.siied, forty being
sent to tlie Governor of each State, for distribution to the
jirtncipal olIioer« and gentlemen of their resjjcctive govern-
ments. A similar ntimbor was sent to Genera! Washington,
to be distributed to the principal officers of the army. At
half-past eight o'clock, the dancing was commenced and con-
tinued until midnight. At nine o'clock, there wa» a fine dis-
play of rockets. The illuminated garihiii, the splendor of the
bnll-rodin, the large as.serablage, the lirilliaiiey and variety
of the ladiefi' dre!!<«es, aud the mui^ic of the band filling the
air with exhilarating .sounds, ibnned a scene of enchantment
never t'cfore witnessed in Philadelphia. With considerate
thoughtfulncss, arrangements wore ntatio »o that an outside
crowd of ten thousand persons could be gratitiod with a

«r Ihe BritUli. Tlie iouriJ«mrui beiwpcu ■«*cii " kulgliu of tliv blendcl roic" aail t*m
" kni);li!9 or llicbumlncRiountiiin" wa, r»lla<n<-i3 hy h lioH umlit lujijipr. Thi- uIiIm wore
llliiml»al«l ^tI thire Uvwitvd kbx tn|ipr<. On tlw loliln* wTt- faur liumlrcd >nd thlrt)r
covrnniiiliwclYG liuiidnd 'luiisi. Tlic cDUrtikliimc^utwM i>UiiDrdbrC*|iUlitMoiKr*»of.
iu*l>lcil b/ a«JHillillIri- ol wlilcll Slj^iit Aiidn- w&a iinc.

ODR FRENCH AI.LIES.

507

sight of (he company and onterlaiDiuont, while in«ide, under
the orchcBtra, "wrs n privnte room whore eevenil Quaker
hidies, whose droaa wonld not ponnit them to join the
Asscmblj,', were iiiduljied with u sight of tJie comjiany
through a gmiiw curtain."

At twelve o'clock, supper eucceedeU dancing, during which
the distinguished host, with the splendor of thu ininiift«r ami

Hhe .Minister o/" France
prefentshis Compllmtnti to

si/ rffafjft tht HtHtar •/ yi^^-T Prt/tntt at am Intir'
tamatni, U ttUiralt tht Birii </"/«# Da U fN i re, •*
^i^ //", •/ J ULr ■#*•/, «r h»i/ njttrjtvi» t'Chri.

Thi LaJiu •will ht j» tHifi'i </ /• frtviJt tbim/tlvii

miilu Partntn hftrt lit E-vtH.-Mg. At ihur Entraiit*, w

ihe Msaagtri v.ill tavr lit H^ii^r ta ffl/tH thim with U

tilt Sinmitri »f ihiir Sit. ^

Piilt.Aaii.riiiA, JuKS ■ — ■ J78J. V

the politeness of n gentlemnn, walked nhmg the tsihles, and
nddre^ed himself in pnrticular to each lady.

.^jj^ _. The n8*embly, on this

' ^^f^^-^f^ occasion, sa.V8 Dr. Ifiuh,

"was tnily Kepuhliaiu.''
AVnshingtoii honored it with hi.s presence. Here also meti
in apparent haniiony, all ranks, paiiies, and prnfessions,
government officers of all gi-ndes, clergymen, lawyore, doc-
tors, merchants,' tradesmen, stat^ismen, judges, the college
faculty, nrmy officers, and ladies and gentlemen of the mo«t
ancient as well as luoderu families.

508

RBODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

"Here were to be seen the extremes of tlie ctviliKed and
savage life. An Indian Chief, in his snvage biibits, and the
Count liochunibcnu. in his splendid uniform, talked with
each other :is if they had been the subjects of the same gov-
rrninont, ticncnils in the same iirmy, and partukere of the
anme blessings of civilized life."

About one o'clock, the comjjnny began to retire, and Iwfore
three o'clock, the brilliant, unique pageant was succeeded by
darkness and silence in the Minister's house and garden,*
Tlu; form of the tickets of invitation is shown on (he pre-
ceding ]>age by a fac-simile copy of the one addressed to
Colonel I'eck-I

■niiiulbc«ntbelntcntlaaaf iheChevaiLIi^rdela LanrnelodlitHbutv twopl^iwofwlm
niid ilx tiuiidTPil ilullBri In amaJI chntigc nincmir Hit uutililF thruD^. but rrom |iroitfnltAl
mntUpnilliin* Uip pluo vu* ■bnii'tviiiil, nnil t)iv mmiry wiu ilMrlbuIml nwong Ihv jirlKia-
m III Ihi-Jalli nnil tlu- jMlli-iiIn In thir liiioiiilala at lh«i rlly.

Thv Clirralivr do U I.iixi-riir, wttllf In Plitlaalrliibla, lltnl En ilia ('■r]ic>iit#T nuumiun, aiMJ
liBd hi* covnirT sral on tlie Itlitcc Koad, Dw L«unil Hill, a (fe«r mCle* hvra thu h«An ot
Uip «lly.

OK^iin.U. IIOWK, pp. .IIS. MM.— GcncMl Sir WUllun Uowe, while laalatiiinlBii hU qiiiir-
Ifr* tn rhllutc>t|ihia, ■ft^iMl anil tf«n«i>rt<<<1 to hi* own ui», Ihe cflsch mni horw, of Mar]'
l'c■ub^rton. a proniintnt ini'mbi-r ol' the Society Of t'Hends. He wiu a mui ut lint' n|[ntT'.
waa AilI *ix tret In ticii;lll. anil waa well pnipDrtluncd. Id inaniivn he wa* gnicrfiil DiKl
illgiilflvd. lie uiTTUplinl n lioiur on 11)^1 Kim-i, sntTwiwil* tlio rtd-ileiKie of GmimnI Waah.
lojliaa.

tColomet G«ciriE« reck, ton or IIotiIcI and IlajkMtill (Utxler] Peek, wiu lioni In Cvai-
bcrlaail, II. I.,arpt»ml>pr3d, ITJv. II* niarrlrcl llrvt, I'licbr Wlilgiple, lUtigliU-rorsiepbrn
Wlilpplr, tiy whom 111) bail CFUrii clillOrwii i and iFcorKl, I'ticbp Kallvii, dniistitit uf KlUha
Uallcu.arf'iimbrrtand, tiywIinmhrlinilAischlliln-ii. llr i-iirly 'uli'n-'l Ihr mltllArjiMrvtec.
In 1777, lion a* Miijnr nt ilin ■mmil ri-Klniml of RiUltiii In llorniiiitj-nf i*mv[iI«DO>>. Islte
iiiiDGr«ur, ki* vA>i «)[umlMioni.-di_'ol«nel,kniJ wu aUu AppolDtcJoneorUic mralllaf oA-
wra toll) "i> I III' biillolton rnifpi) within t lie State. Iti 1778, he wimcIiom'ii I'nptaln of the
"Ciimbvrlnixl ItaiiX'-Tii." In 17't), lie wn>iipi<u)nli-i] b; Uie tonn a mMnlwr iiraeaniniirt**
10 randuct A lotterr for erecting a brlUjt^ bi'lirprn Cui»l>crluni] and SmllblMd. Ot tooh a
|iruntini-nt purl IdIuwd alTBlrt. und rr-iirrH-nti'd It In (tie liviiiTBl AHcmblj'. ColAnel Pn:k
*crved 111 Ihr Klii>li! lilnnd nj^tnoni, iii Vorkiown. Abour Kta, \xr rvmovud fhvin Cuiuber-
land lo KailpDrl, Mr., suit mlilfil Tor hM-ml yriin ujinii Ihn lilanit of r«itipiilH't1o. He
r*c«lvn] a pcnilan (br lairral yoara bi-forii lili dvalh. Count .'<<'](iir, who ^njaycd hU lloi>
[dUilirai Ilia rural lioino. In < 'umberland, ipcakt of blm. nii,l of Mr*. IVck. In (i-rma of
wami ail 111 Irn I lull. t'uLuni.-l Pick waa a tneiDbtv of Ibc Rliwli- NIjkmI Soctitif ul Ihu (.'lit.
olnnatl-

OUU FRENCH AIJ.IE6.

509

COUNT S^GUR AND WASHINGTON.

BKEAKIXG CAMP.-CONTIXUED KAItCH OF THE TKOOPS—THEV
BEACH RHODE ISLAND.-CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN CCV-
EKNOB OHEENE ANU KOCHAMllEAU. — AKRIVAL OF THE
AltMY tN PKOVmENCE— QUARTERSD ON "THE OLD CAMP-
OUOUNI),"— rUBLK' EECEITIOS TO THE OFFICKItH.-SrEUAI.
STRUCK IS HONOR OF FRENCH AIDS TO A«EEICAS LIB-
ERT V.—ROCH AM BEAtT. ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERAL FRENCH
OFFICERS. RETLRSB TO FRANIK - DISTISOUTSHED RECEP-
TION BY THE KINO.-MILITAKV RANK BESTOWED CfON A
NUMBER OF THE FRENCH OKKICEKS.-SKETCH OF <IES'ERAL
LjVFATETTE.- LETTKB OF APPRECIATION FROM WASJUNO-
TON TO ROCHAM BEAU.— NOTICE OF EOCHAMBEAC.

i^fJTjIILK at Ooinpoml, Count St^giir was introduced
lo H'ashiugloii, wlio received him with gi-cat kind-
ness, " He 8p<ikL> to me," writes Ibe Count, " of the grati-
tude which hi.s cnimlry would ever retain for the King of
FraiH'o, and ibr his g«i!icix)us nsaistance ; highly extolled the
wisdom and skill of (fencral, fount de Kochamhoau, express-
ing hiiiisc'll" honored hy hnviiig desen-ed and obtained his
friendship ; warmly commended the hravery and discipline
of onr army; and ponoliideil hy Bpcaking to mc in very
obliging and handsome terms of my father, whose long ser-
vit-08 and ntniieroua wounds were becoming ornaincntfl, he
saiil, to a Minister of war."

On the 22d of October, the army broke camp atC'rompond,
and mnrehed to King's ferry, where it waa received by the
continental troops with military honors. General Washing-
ton, wishing to teatity his respect for France, and his grali-
tndc for the benefits of the alliance, drew up the American
furces in two lines, through which the allies passed. As
a further token of civility, be also cau»ed fai^ dnimu to boat

BRODE ISLAKD W THE BHTOLUTIOK.

the French march during the entire review, and the two
firmics rojoiccd with the moat sensible murks of reciprocal
stttisfaL'tion. On this occasion, the American troops were
dressed nnd e(^tiipped, for the lirst time since the KctoIu-
tion, in part from the stiifFe and amis brought from France,
and in pnrt from the English magaziues taken fi-om Com-
wullis, which iljQ Frcneli army hiid genemusly given up to
them.*

MARCH TO l'UOV|]>ENGE AND ItOSTOX.

The French army remained in rpstftil condition at Crom-
pond until Octuher ^2d. when it having been decided that
no further service would Iks retpiired of the allies in Amer-
icfl, the Count de Kochamheau dcteiinined to set hi?! com-
mand in motioi; for Itnston, there to be embarked ou an
expedition against the A\'ost Jndi<^it. Accordingly, on tho
day above mentioned, the army broke camp, and in divi-
sions, by easy mnreiie^, pursnoil \U designated route.

Tlic following incident, which occurred on the evo of
leaving Crompond, is related by Count S^gur:

"AC the moment of onr quUtlns tlio ciunp of Croinpond, nnd as M. de
II. wafi procccdttiiT nt Uw liefl<I of his column*, suirootKled hy hts brillluit
mUAT, nil Amerlcftii ji)i|iro!trli«il liinit ln|i]ii-tl hlin iili;j[litl>' <i)i llu- i>)ioi)Mer,
nnd Khowliig tiini n piippr he hi-lit In liln linn<l. Haiti to lilm : ' In Uw aumt:
r>r the law, yoii nru my prlsoner't S«ver«l yi>ui)a ofllctfrswere liutlgnant
Kttlil* luauU olTurvil tu Uiclr CIl-ultiiI, liul liu res iriiluvd tlK'itr luipuUeiUK
bjr ■ sIbd, atnllcil. ntul mild to the Aiiiprlcnii : ' Tnkc mc; anay tvltli you. if
you can.' ' No,' Tvpllort the Ainerlcuii. ' I have tloni- my duty, nnd Yoor
Excellcocy nuiy proccrd on your mnrch, If you wish to set justice at dofl-
aiice; ill lliul 4-aHC, I only :vtk Ui \ti; nllnwiHl to withdrnw uiiinoleitt«d.
Soioi? (Mjldlcrs oT Hio dlt-lslon of SMissoiiuaU have cut doiru 3«rcral trc^s
and liurcit thvm to U^iht iliuir llrc«; tlit.' owiirr of thciii clnline nn liiilem-
nlly. nuid lias nbtalni-d a wnrraiit agiilnflt you. whicli I come to execute.'

" M. de liochamheHii, Iinvlnj heard this (-sjilntiatlnn. wlilcli wiw tman*
Intcd to hliii by one iif hi^ nIdL-K-dc-camp. called M. dc VIUcmaiiKy, now a
peer of Frauce. and tlicii Intendant of llie amiy, appolnttHt him to be his
ball, aud ordered Ulm to oettlc tlits affiiir, nnd to pay wtiat shotdd b« con*

• MMiitfln,p. M*.

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

511

P

vldcrod Ailr. if tbe liitlcmnlty he htid »1rciid>' ofltTi^il was nol tlioutitit suf-
flcletit. Tlie Amorlcan then wtthrlrow, anil tho General and ti)it army,
which hart tlina been arreted, by n coiwtttMe, i-onllnufrt Uu-ir inarch. A
JiiclgiiioDt uf Hrbltration wak aftrrwairU |>rom>iinced, fixing iwo IhmiiiAnd
fradCH, i1int In lu »ay, » ions buiii tbnti Ibc GuDcral bud olTcred, fiii the
aiiiuunl of (Ininngra duo to this nqjust proprietor, who bud clntinud |if(««|i
tboiisaad, nnd wlio wn» even condemned to pay coslw."

ProPcc(lin.g withf^nit further deliiy, the urmy, hy easy
marclietj, rmtclied Hiirtfonl. wliftn; il litLlted tour daya. To
secure it tigniiii^l exurliilaut vliurgi>ti, in passing lUroiigh
Connecticut, Governor Triiiulmll and Council isbued a proc-
lamation requesting thf inlmliitants not to cnlmnec ilie prices
of any commodities that might be wanted hy the French,
wlkifh was so generally observed, that the soldiei-s obtained
daily, at very low cost, all sorts of providionm to add to
their ordinary mtious.

On the 4th of November, the army resumed its march. It
encamped at Coventry, in Rhode Island. The General
Assembly hfing then in session sit Kast Gremiwiph, tho
Cotmt i\o. Hnchamheau applied to tJic Siaf.c govornmont for
cpmrters for officei-H while in Providouco, and the Assembly
appointed (Vilonel Dunirl 'I'iUinghast and Major JohnAVhiiJ-
ple a committee to make the necessary sin-angomenta. For
this purpose, at> interview wsui held with the Count, at
Waterman's tavern, in Coventry. The only otlier noticeable
event, while ihe aiiny lay there, was the loss of two fat
oxen, strayed nr ntulen from the camp abaUoir, fur which a
reward of nine crowns was olVered.

While at ('oveutry, the following correspondence passed
between Governor Grcone, in behalf of the Council and
Bopresentatives, and the Count :

" To Uin ExcettritCij Count tie Soehambeitv, Cumtnanrlef of Ihe arm)/ 0/ fliJ

JUrmt ChrUlinn il'ijestv in tht United StaCtt :

" Tho (iovci'iior. roiiiicll umt IU'|»rost-'iitatlv*ji of Uiu Stnli.- of lUtode
litliitiil iinJ rrovliU-ncf I'liiiitstimiB, iu U<'iiernl AsM'iiibly cotivuiwd, bolu^
excited hy the «liiccre<)t alluchinunt nad respect, present their iiio6t aflbo-
TlDi)at« and curdhil Hckiiu>vlv<lt;inniU lu Vour Esd'Huncy, nud the oiUcers

512

RHODE IBLAXIl tN THE BEVOLCTIOS.

antl troops coinpo8in;i itie armj uuiler j'our cominand, for tlic gnM nml
viuluciil sf^rviceB rcndcreil sinro your timt nrrlvul In UiIk Stale.

" Nothing can cqiinl our flilmlrntlnn At the mnnncr In which you bare par-
ticipated witb ttiL' army of tlic ViiiLcil States, in the futigties, lli« tolls and
the Klory,llial bavv aitciiilttLl tbe ullIcO annieA.biit the inafpiattiniUjoribe
nitber or 1II« people, and tli« rrotect'jr ol tli« rigbu of niBiikltiil.

'■ Our InqulGtudo at the prospect of yoor removal woulil be (nexprcMl-
t)Ie, but IVoiii thv fullest conviction of the wlxdom that directs the council*
of Hts Moat Cbrlstlan Malesty.

■* May l)i;n.vf n reward yonr exerLloni) In tbc cause of liiimaiilty, and thu
l>arttculur regard you linvc paid to the rlglits oT the citizens; and may
your laurvU be crowned by Ibe smiIeK of tlie beat or kings, and the grntc-
fktl rocMiiiTi of thu most genvrous people.

" Done in Geueiiil .\3sembly, si Rast Greenwlcb, this 37tb day of Novem-
ber, A, V. 17^2, mid in the seventh year of Indopcndencc.
"I bav« Uic honor to be. In behalf of tbe Council and Itcpresciitaiivea,
" With great esteem and respect,
■* Your ExccIicQcy'is most obedient sud ver^* hnmMe aer^'a[|t,

WILLIAM OKEENK.

Gotemor.
By order :

SAMiritt. Warp,

I>. Stcretarif."

ltK.SPO.V8B OP TIIR COUNT DE HOCHAMIlEAf.

" To the aovenor. OouMfl aitd Bepnttutatioe* oj tht State uf Jihode Maitd

and ProMenee I'ttmtatioiu :

" I'KovmKNCK, November 2S, ITM.

"GRXTiJtMKS: — It ia with au Inexpresalblo pleasure, that I and the
troop» under my coiciumnd have received the mnrks of esteem and of
ackQowU'djcmeut, whk'h yau are so good as to give to tho services which
M-e have been happy enough to remler to the I'Mlted States JolnUy with
the .American oriny, under the orders of General Wfislilngtoo.

"This .State is* the first we bare been acqtiahitcd with. The IVIendly
behavior of ii« Inbabltunls now. And at our arrival here, will give them
always a rlKtic to our sratltuile.

"The conlldcncc you liavu In llie wi-sdcm of the view* of our sovereign,
aa to the dli^poslltuu and tbe march of Ills troops, must likewise assure yoo
tbftt nn no occasion whatever be will separate his Intercata from those of
bis nilthnil allies.

OUR FRENCH ALUBS.

513

Tbus terminated the officiiil relutions of Rhode Island and
her foreign gue&ts. The comoiuuicatiun^, thus intorchnnged ,
were titling words with which to part, as lestimonies of
mutiml rcgaixi. ■

On the ilth of November, the army arrived in Provi-
dence, und enaimpcd on " Mathewson's Plain." The next
day, it man^hcd through the town, and went appnrt'iitly
into winter-quarters on the old camp-ground, in Xorlh Provi-
dence. It was a gnind spectacle, and the veterans hearing
the honors of Wtrktown were enthusiastically greeted by
tlie crowds that lined the sti-eets. The arraiigenicnta, seem-
ingly for winter, were intended lo mislead the enemy as to
the acluni design of the I'^rencb Commander. The officers
gencrully were ngain welcomed to the homes of citizens,
with whose hospitality they had become so pleasantly fiimil-
iar in the winter of 1780-^1.*

In anticipation of the roturn of the allied forces to Provi-
dence, a correspondent of the Gazette recommended that
measures be taken to receive them in a manner worthy of
the important services they had rendered to the country.
"Let us consider." he said, "(he great toils and hai-dsliipt» they
have cheerfully liuilergone in America, — the many cold and
stormy days and nights they have been exposed abroad,
equally with our own worthy and patriotic army. Let us
learn, {' »(tvoir pcnlre apropos^') 'to know how to lose a lit-
tle at a proper time.' Lot our ladies be pei-suaded cheer-
fully to suflcr a part of their houses and furniture to be \iscd
a few days by those who have rendered their conntry such
essential services. This will be but a small sacriHce com-
pared with the Roman ladies, who repeatedly, in the exigen-
cies of the Slate, cheerfully gave np their rings, diamonds,
and personal ornaments. They will thus raise their chamc-
lers for patriotism and hospitality, to be carried on the wings
of applause across tho Atlantic, to that famed country whore

■Aut«, pp 32U. 127.

•B

514

RHODE ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

women arc hold in the highest estimution for their kindnesH,
benevolence nnd hospitality. Our charocterft will now una-
voidably be uiarkijJ. The farewell interview makes an
iinprcssian nImoNt as lasting on the mind as that which gives
the first intcrriew. It is theivfore of importance that wc
embrace this u|>|iurtunity of showing our gratitude and
respeot for this worthy army.** * What influence this j-eooni-
mcndation bad npon the action of the citizens, i» unknown.
But a public dinner to the officers, and other hnspitulrties
exiwrienced during their brief !*tay, gave undoubted proof of
tbe pleasure their presence atfoi'ded, as they uIm) did of the
high estimate in which their services to the State and to tbe
country were held.

With cbai-seteristie gsillantry, these civilities were freely
reciproL-flted by the French offieers. The Providence
Gazette contains a paragraph, stating that "on Monday
evening last Count Kuckatnbeuu gave a splenditi hall to the
gcntlomcr and Indies of tlie town."

"M. do Kochauibeau, desirous of jiioving to tbe last
moment, by his private conduct, as ho had done by the great
norviccs he had rendered, how anxious he was to secure the
affection of the Americans, ahil be regretted by them, gave
sevemi balls and ast^emblies at Providence, which were
attended by all the neigbhorbood, within ten leagues of tho
city."t

With reference to these cntcrtainnirnts, the Prince de
Broglie wi-ote ;

" M. dc IlochKnibcan, much vexed with tli* iH-rpctua) delays of the
fleet, nevLTlliHeftw belinveil nt Providence llkv u tlioroiiKhly gnod Krtiich
Gi'Dural; ttiiit Ik to ««y. In ordvr to divert hl» oriuy, aad g^rntff)' the Indlcii
of the citjr. bv gave some balls In a liandftornc and larse public upsrtiiirnt
Intended Ajt such purposes. It was ut tJK- tir»l of tlivite hitlls thai I 9s>r
fur itiu ficul time the MItiseti Bowvit, si>iU'rH of the GuYnrnur of ihc city.
I do not give Llieir pnrtraltH hor'> bt-caiise I <)o not WAnt to tarn all tlic
men cnizy, nnd i-ender nil the woincii Jealous. I will content oiyactf

•rraTMcoce Oai«<te, NoT«mb«t S, COL

S16

BHODE ISLAND IN TnE REVOLtTTION.

rose from his father's btickler. sbowing^ thai the American
Confederacy had been miraed in war, nnd killed two 8eri>ents,
alliiding to the two armies captured at Saratoga and York-
town. The dates of these eajiiluhitionsweL-e placed beneath.
Great Britain, nnder the figure of u Leop«rd, attacked the
child, who Wild defeate<l by u Minerva, beaiing the Ii!ic3 on
her iiiiield, nnd charactcrizin;^ the generous ussistanco we hud
received from tlie French allies. The legend, no« sine dia
ar\imo«u8 in/ans, wrs a line from Horace, inipoiting, that
the coiimgeona infant had not been without divine ussist-
RDcc. A copy of this medal was received by a young gen-
tleman of Boston, iu May, 1784.

Genera] Kochambeau, having seen that proper provision
had been made for the army, delivered the commaud to the
Baron de Viomoanil, and, accompanied by the MarqiiiH de
Cliastetlux. M. de Biivilte and M. de Cboisy, returned to Phil-
adelphia, pivpnralory to returning to hi8 native hind. lie
embarkc<l on board the frigate " Knierande," and left the
cf^C9 of the C'hei^apeuke uu tho 14th of January, 1783* On
the evening of the Hith, » violent hurricane waj* encount-
ered, which continued until the frigate reached the entrance
of the river of Nantes, where she was moored. Here, the
voyagers were cheered with the news of the signing of tho
treaty of peace.

The General set off at onoe for VeranilleB, where be was
received with great distinction by the King, who assnred
him that to him and the taking of the army of (^ornwallis
he owed the ponce. This compliment, the <5oncml, with a
generosity native to him, be^ed His Majesty's permission
to share with Mie Count de Gras8«»who, on his sintple rei]ui-
BJlioQ, had nrrivcil with all the means he bad asked of him,
nnd without whose co-operation the arms of the allied
forces would not have been crowned with success. But
what flattered him most was, that he granted all the distin-
guished favors which ho asked for tho (jonerals and sub-
ordinate otiicers, and for the soldiers of tho army, who bad

iU\ LF>\^t£VVUC*

V^^'l.

n/y,

a

OUB FRENCH ALLIES.

617

three months' pay for services in Aniorica, an n gmtuity.
Duron de Viomcsnil was mnde Lieu tenant-General ; M. M.
dc Lafuyctte,* de Choisy, dc llC-vilte, dc Cusline, de Lau-

■MBrl«-J«iui-riiu1-R«tie-Yre».UillMn-lIoill{T. Uaftinl* dc LtSaytttt, tea of )llcha«l>
I.o<iti>-<'lirtiti>|>tii>-ltoch(.--Gltlipr1 ilr M»irlFr, I1iui|ii1* ilc l.afii] ellc,— " ■ lUi i>r numoa *ur
fld«r>r Tut nil unlliiarr b(iu*cliol<l."— vriu beni ul Cliiiriij[iiiai', In Auti.'r|ri*>t j^ritlrinlwr Mti.
J737. Jill ninthi-r, A dAuehliT of Iht Uiirqula de Uiillire,l>««ionrMl imMl cftrc upon hli
rnilj' edurafluu, until, mi IwpIvcjpiui at tfr, h« nut plactd in roltci^. ■! f*«H>. KU
fnllKT. a Colonel or tinMia-llert, In Utp nrmr v( LouU XV., na» illdliiRiiMiHl fur iinvtrj,
BntircUal ihr balllcnr Alhiilrii, in llrrinanr, Jul)- 1-1, 17.^7. Voiinj; l^rK)«IIi!, n'lia,l>ythts
(leach, WM nripr jM-rmliii'it ru know lili fhtder, <-Iiuid anin for ht< [»rofi-m>lt>ii , At tha
nrly aie of rixttrti ycura. lie nn* innrrkit lo lliirle-Adrlcune-t'ninfolw de IfoatlleMt
■hiilhlfrof Ihc Diikr d'AyMi, alir lirlnf lira yrura die Junior of Itrr hiiiUanil. The iMi*
oflliliaonnt^roD wiu otic tan nml two daufhlen. \U.: AniidtiMt, nliv bentiop tlir -wlfk
of M. CTikrli-B (If Uanbuunc: Urorjce WB*ljlnpltiD, aw>i|;iiMt In i-arly tnuth. (or a Itme. 10
tlirearv of Wattiliifctuti, nl Mounl Venton, aitd ii>an-M iv Koilll* iteTraqr; and VlrRtulo,
wtia mil marrli-d lo Colonel dc Uuieyrid.

Laraj-rilr wai arnToTlle at I lie Frrcicli Court, hul roaUnij lo Ilie nliliei ot Ihv Kitif,
Lovli XVI.. Ill* liniBd nnci llbrrii) licat* ntiil M* luie of frecijoiri li-i( lilm lu e>|H^ui<i> ili*
AmMlcaD caiin. How hi- eluiti-il the Fmieh auTiiorltli-J. Amiulth several nublL-compu-
Eona rvafJitd Ainarim In a Tmu'l puiehnieil tij- hlmii-If; bow hp olTrn-il lilinwlf laConjcrei^
■■a VQluntetri with out |wv; hanKarmly liewai rei'tl'-ril Uy VVuMniclon; lion tcnilcr and
•b1i1l»it wa* Ihr (Hmd>lil|i for on« lowaid* irbiini Ii4^ Mt a> a, ion toirarila a faihrr: Add
wliHI liiijioriKnt **r*lw* lif rmdenHt In •ecnrlnii ilio liidoprudtnce of lite Colonlea. Iiaa
bMti recorded !■ tlie foHiler jMt** of tlili vwloiue.

Ui-ceniber Mh. I7BI, U. ric ^tmt. >llui>tFr at War. bj otHtr of Ihs KlUff. wrolo lo
Lafay»tle, liifuniilnRliIni, that In aii'kiiowleiljinit'ii) of titi nillltarT' talrnu niid of liU aer-
vtce* tn AiMrlco. Ill* SlaJrMj' hail tiireitrd hliu trllli lite rank of Field lUrnhnl, Id date
fVum iImi Eaptlulallon of Yotli*oirri. Ilnd lil> ambltlcm necoidrd «llli tlu- (lupuliir r«'llng
M Ibo tlm« Loul* Plilll]>|ii^ nm-iidiil ilu- Frtni^h tlirune.lt wvuld not liave bn'ii ililli^tilt Ibr
hi* friend* (0 hkvo obloim^l for blm the rt<j-Al bonor* li« Mtlllcd In eonfcrrlDg upon lh«
Duke of Orleaii'-

Un r«tiimlnx 1Q Vn\», ho tra* balled u •• ibo Wuhlnitoti of TnoK*," wu appolnlwl
ConiiuRCidi-r-itiCliM»rilir NMiouul Uuanla, and tookati usWre part la Ui« niUllArj aud
chin alTuIr* rif ibv iinilnn-

On tlic arvt ot July, i;»l, Laft^Tlio >ai]oil fyvm UsTre for tlie United HlMe«, and on tht
rnucllk day of Auximr, arrheil al New Vurk, tilitre lie Ha« wanulr lecrlved. A alPillar
rFcrjpIlon awalipil him In riiilnitelphia, anil In llie principal ciilt-i> it>ii<[^ l>/ titm In eacb of
Ibv (State*. At Houiht Vtrnon, Iw^elii-c (1 ay » were dcllitbtrutly paM>od with lU hofpltabla
ho«t, bin hrlovrd frii^nil and MiniiMiulcr, Tlic hour* of n Mcctiid brief t1*11 there irtra
A-auiilK wtili nil leal eiOof mem.

Oil tbe 23d uf October. Lafiirelt« fMebed I'rovjdencc, and him rer«l«p<I wllh Ibc itjang.
eat deuian.*trBliou*of reipeet. Tlio bell* rangool a hearty ire Icnnie, a iiatlonal *alute pru-
clalmcd lli« xcieral Joy, addmieii a|tpreelallra of III* ftnlcw were n;4u1i> in blu t>T tbo
SoeJcIl' of Hid < Inrlndail. vltux- edicIIui hir allruilid, nnU by Guvernur (Irrrne and
Speaknr Bradfont. In bflinlf of Ibr- Ctfneial AiM'mlily, ilivn In l>e*^lou. To boih, bo
ntuined npE>roprtn(e icpllei. am) (n'aceTUIIy thankt-il the t>ta1c for ilie fatot» It had
b-etl'iHi'd iijii'ii (tie Frenrh army and luiTy. A iniblit iIluiierHaa alxi Klirii lilm, vtille
ibn pritali- U'i*|iliaUrIi'ii uf prnmliieiit clllivii* ot the tonii coutrlbuli-il lurtoili-r liUbrtof
aojoiiim an uLbrokrn plta*ur('.

ICptnntii-.f: Id Kranra, Lafiiycltc a^alo entered llie public urAia, and becaiue a prumlnrnt
tlgiir« la [be ilvnay wrctiM that |>re«cded ihe Coniulaie of Sapoleon. Mue of Uie r«>i;li*
of thc"rrlfnar ieri«r''lii FraAoe wa« the b«h«HBn( of th* KInf , lj»U .\V|., andof hit

018

BHODE 1SI.AKD VS THE BEVOI.UTION.

zun, de Rostaing, and d\\ntu'lianip wera made Mnn!<'himx
de Camp; M. M. d'Aboville, dea Androiiioa, de In Valctte,

I

lK<Liillf\iI(jii*«D,)lBrle AntotDHtP. LorareilewM de«p]r eoiwmii^ f)»r ilietrMTeir, ami
*xrrlpil himtrif to the ulnioit to Hmnl »<r tliclr iiDjiriiitlEi)f tmtr. Ilnd Ihi> King hikI Qapca
fallo«in]lil*e«iinM], Iticy nuuld (irobublT bBVc inlcly rMnprtl ttom rniU, and Iihtc btm
flHtred* BAil ilrnlh. Aftrr iIiit drilnirlloniir ilir Ft«>lllr. frtor li> ttir vKrnitlon iirHie Ktuf
hiul (jnacn, tlin kpy or thai gloomxiirUun wa< prxM-mpil t(i l^larvii^ "at tlirmibodlnmit
■.Dd rcprcfcnUtLnD of (Vccloin In KuroiM-." He ncni it to Waxliliiirii^n. m b mrnHnto of
thr |K>wff of " a (Mrniiliiril, iiiiit«il |>rt>[il«," anil Ii iran n-.i;uui(ianlnl bIiIi a tkeich ul tlio
mini of "itiftl farnvMnrdrjipoU*!!!." "li U a tr(liul*'.'*livKrllM, ■'wlildil vw*,» b>od,
U> IBT adi>E)tirc (nltKr.— ai an^idt-ilc-cAnip, to luy lii-n«ra],— ai a mloalBiiMTaf lltwrDra to
11* jiatriarcL." Thr kry i* riIII fn^crttrJ, mxl mat be M-<-ti, induiml In ■ glan cue. In Iba
hall of ih« Waxliliijiinn iiiBUHkiu, al Mauut VcrntHi. Tin- Ilnl iluni; rumuriil frorn Ihe
walU of lh« IliuiiU-. and ilii^ Itm aioiu rnkrn " from II* dUuinl (ubterrBiiriut •Jungtana,"
were prMcnicil lo Lniayrttc.

Pew n«ii dT tlir iirriod llllcd n mnrr liii|Mrtiinl anil iDlluMiIlitl «pl>crc. or wrn> vUIIhI
with man' TarlMl rxprrlrnn'i. I''i>r B Tall aawuiiiit "I' lh<-M-, iiu'luilliift lil* liiipriuiiinivnl at
Olmuit, «liurcd by iilii tiubti} wilt- and duijtbicr*. tliu uutui-ci^wflil attciniit omiIv hxTnaei*
K. Hugrr, uf hotilli l.'ardllns, und bf Vt. EHck Kulliiiaiin. a nAtU* of llanotcr, to rviMie
Mm, and lila Jinal rrle**4><iD III* ■■(■niaiiil (>r Napuliwn, i)l« nwlrr U rvfcrred la lln Lttr at
L«far«llP, wrlttco by 111' ton, to auotlitt Liri.- oT him, written b<r WlUlam Cuit^r. an^ la
" Hrcotieelluna oT Ok L'rirat« Life of Ucneiml ImS^jwHk," wrillan bjr M. Julet CI<M|U*t
H. I>.

In Ifat. t.*far*tlc, bjr Inrllatlon of I'reildrnt MannM-, vl.lKJ tho Itillrd Stair* fn> tlin
laal Ilni*. lln no* accumpaiilcil bj liU uin,i<vcrjci> Wii>IiIii:|(Tihi Laraivliv, anul b; ■lullpaf
levcnil Kvutlem^ii. In i)il> vuii. uftcr 1Ii«Iiii>m or Tartr >«•». Iir bchi'M ihu woudcrfUl
pi>wlti of a Kctiublir-, r>>i' llir ntatilUlinmlil i<r tvljlvli l>r liad itiril liii Uluwil nud niadr
liwi'v pi^L-uiilary anrilflivu. Tlii< liitli>r uv mU Iii Iuitp muijiiiittil lo Ihv itruvruu* luiu uf
one lii)Ddr«d and forijt Iliuiib&Qd dulluTt. thirloff tl>r yrur lid. Iir vbllrd rvifyAtate Ik
tbc Uillun. Ill* Juurncyi OFrr niiirLHi liy tl» RioM r-ntlmilaitlc urrloiin**. Tli* rldt
inndv by lilm lo lliv lomb uf WaililiifttuQ ua* Iuiii-'IiIiije In llio vxtrt-iar. While at >lvunl
Vsrnnn, hr wu preacutrd b; ticurHc Waihlnjttou I'arko i.'uallB wilti • goM rln|[, rurlo*lB|t
liuir of Wa*lilnf[(aii ami nf hi* mtfr Th« ring bar*
appni|irlnli' IvmnO* ia Latin.

Tbnarriialor l.Bluyi-llr In l*rT>vidribCie i«w> Ihn olgnal
for R uuiii-rNil vulliiinil uf Joy. At IIjf .'''lalv Hoaa«
oeciirrt-d iIh< Birc«llBR inlrrrl^w bciwcpn hlanMrlf an<l
(.'■[.liiiii Str|it'>ru 'llofy. to nhlcli 1 liaie alnidy tcferrrd.
{A'iir.f,.47J I A dl(iini(ul»ti«(t cIllKrn of ITvTidran,
nbo wllnrMrd Ibr ■tr^-ur, Inlurmrd uic, lliat vrlirn lbc*a
louji ■vjturui'd n>iii|iaiiIoK« In mm* uiel, ibpy piiibraonl
with all ilic ardor whkb ■lit' ttudcrfit aBcciion coiiM
lu»piin-. Tlie vnlin' route lu Kuilun Hai miili-ml bril-
Hani iTtiiin>it>. iTliilvUieiliTonRoicaibrmlbr ili« road-<ld<', and In ihi- <tlSniti'«. ibrov|rtl
whi«h Larnyclle paiwd, " made Ilir wrlkilt rim." with unaUblcd dircn. From Itoxtniry
tlac to tluitun rainnicin. a tletiHt nia>i uf ■iieclHlor* J1II«1 Ihe iirvrti and ildovnlki, ca|i«ir
to gsiri- ugioa tlic naUon'* aoblv sucm. Un riilciiuf llir rorunion. thr prociualon hailed,
anil a younj; diIm nf cifrlit or Ic-n ftan writ* Unnl litlo f1ir lianiurhi- ncruiiU'd bv LafaytltK,
ACtpr n brlrf. porilQrni addmf, ihr placed a taurt>l wn-nili u\i<iii hi* iK-nit. ThP r»clp[«ni
Wat Kavllily affected, airccUoiialrlf kUtcd U)(i di ltd, and madt' a rfjdy adaplsd to liir
yean. (Tlil* ytiuni; init* wa* Chn <lnii|[tii<T i.>f Cliurle* A. and Katbiidne Au|MiBia Ware.
Un. War« waiarclaiWeof Bnben Treat I'nlnp, and aoqulrml ra[»ulatlDn Biin[«tt. She
«dtlr<I tlir llnirpr of Taitct. In llnilon, vpnt lo Kiiroiv, in i><Si, publUhvil a volnnic at hrr
poam* In I^ndon, In lH::,an<l died In llirt*. In iHi.} Tbt lir wa* lUlwl with tlie aliviiu at

.J

de I'Estrade, du Portail, d» Mu_v, nnd the Marquis de Deux-
Pouts were mtidc tirigudiers. All uf the Lieutosant-Colo-

ttiu muHHudH- ihni wilii*fteil the K-enc of llic crownliix a( l^riiretlr by IW« IHiU flri.
Tlirii f"lliiii<>il v ri'i lew or i^otIv iil»R ilimnaml inMiit. aii<l I lir uii I'daor fi-alivitlM '
oodcliiit.'il by ■ imtilti'illiiiipr, n«»]*ri»« liiiiuvrit* (pnt, an ilnj Cmnnioii. riUterii liuiidnd
piMtr* writ UiJ for llie ocmuidii. In tll« McBllix, LAfMretl* irliillttt Ihc iIii-buw, •»>! th*
next lutirDln^. met not im an fsatern tour s* hr m PortMnOBlti, N. H .. lirrakfaJIinc on Iho
«mv ni Marliltrlirad, dlnlnit at ?*J«m, IvO^ds or«r »lgbt ■! >'»•• bur; purl, uid rrcvlvlaK la
■11 iheioirnalltruuctinvbirh lir |j«uei) iIiemotllUdyiknioDslrAiiofliof wdfocnr. Kvlarn-
Ing tu lluttou, .^ugUMl Hill, hf maiBliiMl tberr nntll Mplmilwr *jd, wbea h« drparlrd tor
?>«ur 1 ork, wlti-K' (i« rnJoT'd * binli dov Olnuer, (be MnK Ibtit kUly-Mvan ymtn old,}
■Ircnbba by Ihj- "I'liid.niiall VHrraiu."

TIm «bit of I.BfB^ri'ttK to Virpliibi wbi lo Utin nn exptrlrnn of peonllar iili-Naiicc. I1iat
8tM« wn tlir Drill »n wlilcli lir (Irnt tMTrI><'iI kei IntlPiienilMil catminaiiili at»l nher* tor
braiar^ BD)] >ueo*a*fiil frnvralilklp itvr* mouil to lilin dlaltlijiuMird baiinn. lHaiUll to
Kletinaiu], MoQilecllo, CbarlDnvrlllf , Winiiimiburi, Norrolk. t'ci^nburit iiiiil Vurkiown
wkJtmoiw liU dicrhhtd rroollMttuii* l» Ihr cl»w Of ItTr. Hit tMf^lon at YoTkloum
UM lirllliuiit, aiiil iIh- cwl*briitlnii of ih» ainilvrrury of tlin (unvtiiUr of t'onitrKllit was
iiitplrlnic. litrt hv tati u number of hit mllllsry comriilef, wlio were |»r««'>ai wlwn the
Briiisli mnuj taiJ ilowu lt> ■nut. Hi- wnn rrrrin'4 bcitratli > lilumphkl lucli, rrrctri OO
tli« lite i>r the rvdvubc be lixl gallaiit)^ CMrried furlir.lhrtc jMir* bcfor*, and ku uUt-
•|lll^^llr■d<^r«Mellbr (ieneralTajrlor.uidtrowtitdn'itbftdviownaili. T« <l(«|i«n, tf po*-
■ibic. tlie (inatliiaBl IVatam or the day . it mOitMy brMkSut wn^ laJoa nndrr " lli« T*r-
lUblP ii-ut uf Wnihlnfton.'*

Thp fVuTRriMr Ki-Mon inahiiloo waa made Ihr lvrad-<|iiarten of Lalkfettt. rorttKUIs-
■nliiallon of u fi^t* Rlran lo Itlni, wai mnilW lakra fVam a ctmt Itft lli«r> bj rumwalliii
■lid ilicn bm rrccnily difcovtrvd. wcni u»o<l. t»c«*«al of ihcHt eaiulloa were prrwnipij to
l.al'ayHtr.by nrhi>ni tliey wpr* <«rTl«l to Franw. aiid pJacnl In lil« iuum-uiii, at Lii liranse,
•niiiiiK niaii]' ariirlri of rlrtu, rtM^lrnl br hliu fruiii ,\airrlM. U'lillr on Ii1> Am^rlrap
toux. he vlrlicd TrFildL-ot Unnroc, al Wnihlnsioii. Ki-I'rr*ld«nt JrHpTMO, at HiMitlcellu.
Ki-I'mideiit Ma<11«iia, at M»nlpiilli>r, ami Kx-l'inM*!!! Adnina, al Qitlrw?.

In Upcfiiibrr. I"M, Ijiiayttiv, llicii In VVafUinxIoii. wa* pnavntfd 10 tlic I'nlinl :5taIi;B
tSenalr, ami alficlallf wrlcnmril, On tlii^ loth ii^f tliftauiF MOntb.baWM Uilrodoord tc Ih*
Houui of ItfjiminlaiUiM, aiid wai aiI']|v«*Hl, In hvliBlf of ihat bodjr, b}' It* Sp(«k*r. tha
Jton. Henry Clay. To lUa oddnn, L>fliyc([« n»t\t ft palrloUc ntpHK. I'oncrt^*, nol
uauitiKlfiit of IiIr liiialaaMv M!i*fora and liii It^nry lacHllDtt. paaani a Mil. itntnlliix Iitm
two liiiiiilTTtl i)giiii*Hiii! ilojlHr*, aud a taiiiiilil|i of |)ub]lp land, wlMtrd fur lilui In I't'inda
by I'tosIiIi-IiI MoDruc. ulilch hr inini«IUIc]y lOld for anr Iiiiadred IbonMUd dollart. A
iiuiiibcr (if AuirriCBii Cultrj^rt (.-»nfrtml iipnii bim thrlr biglirit liuiiur*. •

111 .liiti>F, l^.'A, tip triurnn) I'l il'tlnii. and On tlw IMli day ft Ibnt ui<>nlli, a«(l<tvd In lay*
lD|| Ili« conu'r-done of the Ilnnki-r EIIII llttnuiM-nL At llic dlniM'i, which (bltowed the
ceremony, wprr fmir thoutand gurjlu. Of tlirir, tbrljrware Barf Ivon of Ilir battle of BOD-
ker** HIU, andatnnjt two iniDdted olbrn MrreotBecnandaoIdltniof the Item tut Ion. The
preaenw of l)»r (ioii-rnon nt .Ww Kn|land. and of dUCinciildird jipnlli'iiirii from all parta
of ths muDlrr, loflclWr niili army and nai y offlrvii,— llic tucnrt of M>vBnt»4-u rollliary
romiHinlr*.— ilir a>»rintlBKi' «f numcrou* Maiionk and eihcr uaocfatlon*, — the mannlfl-
rrni dcdlcalbin nrstloii nf Wvlnln and hb Piai^iy addfvM to LafHiy^tlt, rvo'lned II «
luamorabk' day.

On 111* UIrt day of Jodc, LafKy«itf d^fiartml frnrn Boitan, and iDBda a iMond totir to Itie
■aMoanl aa fkr at I'lorlland, taklni; Concwrd, N. H., In thr way. Tlicnn ha pamad
through Vvnnnnt, tliMi«« lo All>aiiy. tli<<n«v lo >'fw York, and tbettcv to WuhlnjUM.
Her». on ttr «th day of i^4.-ptMnber, IKU, [hi* birth-day,) " al the tuulern alcpa of t)M
U'lillc Iloufe, I*n:*ident Joltu Quincy Adanii, lu ilir prcicnni n-filic oRtEen of the go««ni>
nwt aud a ra*t wimiurav of ladle* and ivntlamaii, bid ibc nailoCa fiiwl a taU flu«w«Ui

S20

HHODfC ISI^K1> IK THE REVOLUTION.

ucia had regiinenta. Tim VIcoiuto Kochambcau was luadu
Knight of Si. Louis, «nd Meetre de Cnmp, couimaiidiiig at
lirel, the regiment of SaintoQge, and eoon after, tbe Royal
Auvergiit'.*

Shortly before the Count de Rochatubeaii sailed for

In ano of ihv iiio»t tnuchlujE and «1o*|i.i^ti1 aililrevim Ihat tiail bvrn iIpMn-rad lo him tn all
hta tnrfla lliTougii llw Tnlml StRl«4." Thr lUj fotlofijiic. be ivt will for Fr»iit*. in Ihtt
■WW IHgmIe " Itraiidywliic'," namc'd Id c«>iiii>l<inp|ii ii> lilin tlv urrix'il •alW)' nl llatrWi
«brr« Ik »a» mvi iiy lilt fumlls'. nnd proentdcd i<i Lu OraDfcv.

Ai a fiirtlii^i oumiilliiiriil, rmlilinl Ailnnii phiihiI ckcIi ^UIi- tu the Union lo be rrprc-
■ciilrd on lionrO il)>> f>lj(uii.> &> n lllJililpinan. Thvor tvunjt BpntlMiieu Ijih-siiic >lro»(1/
■tuchrcl lo I^a^jvltc, AnJ prr^tnirHj mm wltb & boaatlhil *llvcr*ii*«.

Ill IKin. Ihp ricirlciri nf M<->us, in FrMiw, MiiMvil In tir tlriick, in hnnor i>r LMtir**tet •
iMiitlaonc netlxl, triileti lh«y tmiMittd tolilm. It wai m>gi*vti br iIk vmlni^i arii*!, M,
GatU-tiMx, luid wu ftt Ibr lliitc cunililrrrd a ttrikiu; likFni-n. TI)ii*l- ivlia Mirltie lUrqulf,
vlieu lie rUlIed llic Unlletl8lnlM, lo tVH, will rwoffniw (tit sKunK; of »>» |iroOIc. T1)e

Ulk-ltKLlUl' ur LtfASIiTTC.

two i|ntp>, ITOT Md ISKS rvntll two ititMnuralile «pMh( hi l<U pollilcnl hl(Iur7. On rlie
rvviTM; alilr of tlM tDCilal, ft cJrIo crowli famu ■ ftwtw Tar ili« Itgcad In ^t-itlitf, "A
Ijifliyrtln l.'Arn>nilIuvmvnl di- Mi-uux. Jiilllrl, 1^30."

Thr tio'pllallly ol J.«lujDTt4> yrv unboundKl. lie kn>t open Iioum Ibr pirMiial frirnd*.
Buil for ilruttit'*^* *''"^ I'lilli'i) to [ui^'lilin Ibrlr rctpMrt*. There wtiv tcldom lc» Ifaftn
totTiiIy'l^O or tlilrly ttii''>i* <l>lly at lila tmbln.

In IIiIa [iap«rr«;t okrtch n{ an [[auMrloui rHrnd oT Atnrrlca, nan)' IntfrHUnjr lactilents
hsTc iiMnMrlly br*'ii oiiiliifl. mid onlf « fuw warda Riurc can b* added. Lafhfrtl*
pAt>p<l Itio wfnii-rn [o I'nrla. Httriii1lii|[ tn fnipniifini pnbllo iliiil**- For about lUtvm J**t$,
liti liiiiiK nag B[<orll(>u of n lnrj((i Molet, .\'u. U Ilui' d'.^njou, ^1. Ilonori. TIicty he «m

■ tlickril lij > fafHl ■Ilt('u>4', mill Oil tfi*r iiiurnInK of Tlw Vtttli oT Mar, 1K4. *urroniidci1 by

tilt rHmUr, lie |KL<snl CliraiLuli d««Ili to Die IKu of lUe tplrit wortil. lu £utvpr, hU
dvcfitir Kwaltrned MmMr In crcry palilut liMUt. In the L'ulltd SlOloi, lbs entire |icC|ilc
■uOuraiHl.

■ Ucmelri, U. p. 330.

RHODE IBhASm IS THE REVOLmON.

without ropRaliiig to you tho high sonsc 1 entertain of tho
serricos you have rcniicrcd to America, by the constant

back l« tlicOmtoir*.*! VrndOmc, andharlni flaldicd Nli itudir* ilirrc.heiruvriii, kI iIm
ago of nrwrn, Ilk llip Acmtriiiy iiT I'ailt, Ttir- w«r nf i.7V> Inl Uim Into rW (iraroalnfi of
■rni, and lipobCalu^dkHilQaFlC}' lo Ihc r«(Jni«iil afljt. MtDOU. U* ilUllimuUlixl lilmavlf
In Uia cam^Blxnt or ir^l and t7«>.

In irir. al tliL- an? <if liii!ul)<*tnr<) itcnn.lw nan oa-niniixlotwil Culoiirl 'if ilir tnflMtttf
NKlnicnt, prvvivuilf coiuuianil«<l tiy M. 'Ic HpiruH, anrt in Ibe bnltk «f LaullHd, llie wmv ]
yMr. revived a wound In llii' liead. A* tic wa* farriMl iniriulble tWini tbr Held, a weond'
tronnd, »obI*«iI in tlii? tli[|;ti, mturnl liini lo vunvrluiiinrM.

Nparlhi! doi« of inu, Bocliauilit-au marrk-rl Mail«iiii>lsv]lr Tcllci il'Acota, an awOB-
plUliril noi] a !oTc-]y watciaiii 1>T wliom lir lirnJ • ilailiKtitfr, irli'O titpil Imt a ihnrt timr, iind
H ■i>n, Ilia coinpDiilb'ii In armi In Amnlea. Di-bllllaiml |>f ti!i irauniN and bf Immorrhaxa
«rih« luar*, lir paMvdaycaf u bU lailMr**, lo r*niperal«. Here, hi* wife, wlia had b»ra
luuliluaiia In bft curr at tilni, ww irliraL «!<]■ tlia *n)all-|Hix, fiam wltlrli ahv^ happily
ntvnni, but n«t until li« lial tmproTcd ilic opporiuall? lo nclprocair Iwr aAcllOii by
aolliif In lurD a* her nur*if.

Aft»r thvpMCp ijf AlKlnCliKiirllc, Roehaiiiboau bn'iimp Gu^Hiioraf VrnilAmv, but on
tiM bKaklnir out or ilie ttfeo Ttor*' war, h* miirafd ncilvi! mllliary •crviM. In irui, ba
wai made Brigadirr-iiruiTHl. He iFried ln4irtuiniiy,atiJ in \7&), al tin- baltic <if rloiilvr-
ciunp, whli« mlitlDK a cliargr oT Ei>rI1*Ii Ktvaiuilm, rppelvn) a ball In Uip ililjtU, byt by
the aid or two ehaaMutu, nho aaaUtcd lilm lo vnlk, had itrcnglh rnoufth hi itlre order*
during tbr da}-. ClPUtenaiLt-fiDiierat U. da S^gur waa taken prl*uii«r In ilitt bsiile.

In 17»n, mtlcr ttvrnty yv*n ot nUtbfbl Mnloc. anil wlillr alck villi laflanimalory rbcoma-
tUm. hr wait uppolnlrd I-lciitrnntil-(i(nf raJ, lo tskr command of tlir farce* drttined to bM

Ihp Aiurrlrnn* In >cciini|ili*liln|r llirlr ftenlani. and lu loon at hi> wa* ablp, Wrnc !0 Vvr>
lallli-* lo recolVDltipotxIiTf of the King. After bli rvtarn from Amerlcn, hv rrccli<-d, al
thr brad of hia linnp*. at Itrlr., Ibn lintoii of Uarrelial dt Krannr,— a trcil mi-rllnl iinrinr.
Hill In tW blontjr da^ra of the ttfpubtlc, hU fcirtuRPi chrniKiil. H- trW under Tlu> d]i>
plcn>ur« of the rcvoluilotiary irlbiiiul, And In )7U3, wai #u4ied, tfied, Hiid c«iideiuiiird to
drnlh. On llif d»>' flppoliilnl fur 111* mcculluli. llic curl Kblcli Iraiitpuiled prliiulirt* lu
111? H'lilTi.iIil 171111I1I not tHkf' ltii-«i nil, and hr ma* Irfl bulilnd. '■Miuiirt liucl, old frllinv,**
tald llic KTim sui)eritil«nd*nl, "yuurlurowlllcoiiiiilBlrr." Bulb-efure bo wai called, Hobca.
plrtie OBine to Ibi- block, atid IluctiNiiibeau fliu tlbrraled, a!\rr on irtiprlKcinnirnt cf tilnn
niotitlii. t'lidvr iIk' Kinplr*-, he bftd liiijvurttinl trillllar/ ccninian<1i, and Nniwleoli, at tlN
■nnincnl nf the MronaflDn, In recoicnltlon of Ills Mrrlcea. made him n fcranil aMM'r of tha
l('i;l[in Qf Tionor. lie died May 10. ISdT.in llierlxtitf.iccand p!ar oriiMaxr. llii Unniotra,
lu itKv vuluiiHi, were prlirii-d In rati', iu WOT.

A* a CAnipllnienl la tbe I aunl dc Rixhamhrnu, a privalrrr (CboottM, «rbl«b proved Very
*um-«fiil In iiAr iklrniltho wlilt ilir navniy, waa named for liJni. ftba waa comnnandnd by
<:a|)tnlii()ltv«r Bted.of Xcwpon. 11i« niUDWIiiK noilwi of her appMr tn tb« Kewport
Mi-icui]- of llial day: —

■' Xcivemlipr 'Ml, 1T)U. Arrlvi>il lierv a auiall (cli(>oiipr,prl>e lo Ibe tcbuoDcr RMbauibrmi,
CaplAiii Uer-ri, of tliii port, und tliii marnlng arrlTrd nn armi-d Galley, ft eitn-laico guna and
M men, by tbe abnre prlvHIifT alT Ibo Tlucrk, mtlei ■ claae fogiigenimt of one Blaaa. dnrln|
Which Keed loft a prKr matior, (.Mr. Itt-njamln (Tanielt, criAU Iowdj. 'like Galley bad bar
Captain and mir nlhrr nlTii'iT hitli-d and ai-vrrFil nounilrd.

" Dnwmlier II, 17>C Artlvml hirv achoonpr Roebnnibraii, from a rnijac. With a prlia
tclioourr wlih a vnlnabtc fArgo."

" Llemuber Id. lTo3. A lUioii and natal floret relakciL by the Rurbambeau, Caplala
Heeil. Anutbvr taluabU [irUo to inlil »iOiQuner ii atburc on lh« llru nml 4 litcheai,"

"Fi^brsary I&, 178}. Scbooiicr Koohambmu airin-d here nlib a btle, tu^iunllOK 10
«lx-pouadcr« and U ok^h. ai n girlie, rurgv of rum and aiigar frotn Jamaica for N*. Torli.
Captmu Kri'd riiujcbt her thni' plnoei, and iIicd bountcdiivr Ile1t«dbl(*allluf -itLaaier
klllKd, and Ibe briB lo» 1 tnas klllod and 7 wounded."

eXn FREXCn ALLIES.

523

nttention wbicb you hare puiil to the interest of it, by the
exact order and discipline of the corps under your cora-
miind, and by ynur readiness at all times to give fncility to
ovcry raetisiire which the force of the combined ui-uiies were
competent to.

" To this testimony of your puldic cbnrsctcr, I should be
wantinef to the feelings of my heart, wore I not to add
expressions of the bappinees 1 hiive enjoyed in yovir privnte
friendship, the renieml)rancc of which will be one of the
most plehsant circomstanccs of ray life. My best wishes
will neoonipany yon to France, where I nincerely iiope, and
have no doubt, you will meet with the smiles and rewards
of » ^eneixjus pnnce, and the warmest embraces of affec-
tiomite friends. Adieu."*

The arrivrtl of the French troops, and their temporary
abode on Ibe old ctim|>-gTound, revived the jjleiHiiut social
relations between the officers and their entertainers, that
(list ingiii shed the winter of 1780-81. | President Man-
ning, in a letter dated November 11>, 1782, addressed to the
Honorable David Ilowell, then a delcgAte in Congress, says :
"The French army i^ here, encamped on the lands of Jero-
minli Dexter, and those of his brother's heirs. The town
is fidl of officers, and she [.Mrs. HowellJ is crowded with
them, as well an others."

Count de Custioc quartered with Thomas Arnold, on
Providence Nock, now known as the "Perry Place. " On
November 23, 17ti2, his Secretary. Monsieur Pecqueur,
offered a reward of three guineas, for the recovery of a
purse lost on the 27lli, containing between thirty-five and
forty guineas, one piece of Dutch coin, and a gold brooch.

Uncertain as to the length of time that the army might be

•Wrlilnirt. III.. MS.
f "TIm Krnir w>* <*'|<|<*'I on Itir miul In lln*liin, abnul ■ Irkitur from rroiIilrM<>i In
Konr IMA* which Pi li«(l orcvptril tti*' prtttiHng ytar. Tli» we«iliiT tit-sm* vtrrcdlnfltir
riMjcli, awl tlH rruo|M (QlFtrvd • fn«tdrairhtiHi lh« klnutl CMitlnuftl rsin Mid ikow."—

5M

RIIOI>E rSI-AND IN TDB RBVOLTTTIOJf.

detained in its encfimpmcnt, the Count de Rocliambeau
caused barracks to be built for tho soldici-s, and Colonels
were allowed to lodge in private houses, a permission which
they gindly accepted;*

The repairiag and re-rictualling of the squadron com-
uiatiiled I)y the Martjuis do Vnudrenil, which Juid been much
damaged, having extended !>cyond the tiuio tixed for eailing,
Count Dumas was «ent Ut Boston to concert with the Cheva-
lier do I'Egnille the necessary preparations for a speedy
embarkation, t

FAREWELL TO KHODE ISLAND.

THE TROOPS RESUME THEIR MARCH TO BOSTON.- ARRIVAL
OF THE SEVEUAL DIVIHIONB IN BOSTUS.— INCIDENTS OF
THE M.VRCH.— WELCOMED BY TUB HESinENTS.— UELUCT-
ANCE OF TKE ALLIES TO LEAVE AMERICA— GRAND BALL
IN NEWPORT.- HOSPITALITIES IN 1103T0N.

^^\ LL things now being in readiness, the French Camp
^^^ was broken for the last time in Rhode Island, and
December 1st, the allies resumed their march for Boston.

'■■TlihpannlMlooiUrorOvit m* lli« ji|trM-ab1« npporiunllf of ub(«MlnK, tnon In ilviail,
the lni«rIor of Kn Anivr[c«D mmll}'. and Uivit modr uf llrlnx. 1 wm* drilglittd with tiM
•Im'ptLdt; and ftmnk cotJIiiIII)' of triy limils. kikL wllfi Hit piiriCy of lli*lr in«r«l». lli^lr
polltmcx WW llw muri' jilcatlnK. b« II «« ontiflt trtv from «iirpciionlaiui>ci«; ilifj »•»•
Ml thr •nriir llmcvrrM informt'ii, aaA ilrvoltl of all HiTrciaUnn; <-v cry thing in tlirmwu
nalum), Hnd ihrlr pipninm Bppcttml to conilil In Ihn iliicliiuKc nf iliplr ilncln. Wit,
with ilivm, wm road iicn>r, nod r«SMD 41>ct>i*d lliilr Unmiash ■nil prtfldrd ortr Ihvlr
aclluiii. ]ti «hoi-r, il n-utljr inuit be ndmltlrtl, lltal Iriilti siirl li*|i|jlii<-*i, *a far tfoai bricif
tPUklly lianiihi'd Oom ihi> earth, o* crnaln ■nomiip plillutuphii-rt pcHCiMl, nrv tmywhtt*
to be iu«t with is An]«rlM.~.*-V]7Hr'< Jf<mQtri, p, SS4.

t " The Frrndi Inanpli, lindi-r thr Dukr dt Ijiiiiliii. Iii-lnf part of CounI d« RflchambraK'*
nrmjr (bat n-malncc] tiJ\ei ttip dt-pfirturcof llpr main binly at Doctoo, utlfd tiam iba Capu
of IK-lawarc on ibc iztli of >lny. Tlii-y bad b*m cantonrd recently ai Mllmliiirtoti, In tba
BtKic of llflawari:. ticinc of \Urte iriiielnliig tr>»i|u Ita4l nluj bcrn ilallonrd at llaltlmani,
DDdvr Ueiitral I.avalel'iv, bi'lnR llio <lp(ucliiiiui't Irtt bf CounI d* Rocliainbaau at Yorktoini,
Id alTciit (be leniaial of lilt l^'rcDcb wiUler)' ftud iltini ttom tbtt plwt."— Jfpnrt*.

OUR FRENCH ALUES.

.•>25

They proceeded in liiviBioiiSj con^iBting &evoraIly of the
it'giment of the Royal Dciix-Poiits, conimnnded by Count
ChHstinn dc Deux-Ponts; ibe regiment of the Soisaonnnia,
under the comniaiul of Count Si-trur, its Colonel, M. Felix
de St. Maime, havin^f preceded it to Boston ; thy regiment
of the Srtintonge, under Count Cusline and the Pnnce He
Broglie; imd tlic regiment of the Uourbonnais. joined hy
the infiuitry of Laiiznn, ronimanded
by the >[arquia de Ltival Moiitnio-
ivnci.

That tfaia iinusnal military display
sbonld have attracted general atten-
tion and called forth eKpressions of
aduairatioD, on the route, can readily
Iw believed, itlibough the aelual fact
is a matter of conjecture. On this
subject, the newspapers of the day are
either silent, or give the briefest pos-
sible notice of the march, in ritriking
contrast with the minute re|}orts that

such an occnrrencc would insure at the present time. This
compni-tttive silence may have beeti maintained from piiideu-
tial considerations, by an unwillingness to attract the atten-
tion of the enemy to the movements of the allies.

The second division arrived in the vicinity of lloston,
December 4th ; the first and third divisions arrived on the
5th, and the fourth joined itA prodccesaors on the 6tb. The
artillery uiar<rhe<l iw nn independent corps, and did not
reach Boston until the 18th.

"The severity of tiic cold," writes Count S<igur, "ren-
dered our march painful. I was, moreover, obliged to keep,
night and day, a strict watch. The prospect of happiness
' which liberty presented to the soldiers, in this country, had
created in many of thcra n desire of quitting their colors,
and of remaining in America. In several corps, theroforc,
the desertion was con«iderable ; thanks, however, to our

MARQUlIt UnXTKORK!" I.

i

526

Rnoi>E ISLAND IN THE BETOLDTION.

wntclifiilncss und guDtt lurtuue, the regtraiint of Soisflonnitia
lost but few men.

"Bet'yre we entered Boston, our troops changed their
dress in the o]>cti nir, and iipjiciircd in a slioi-t limi^ in such
excellent nttire, that it seemed incredible, that this arniy,
fomiug from Yorktown, could liuve travelled over many
hiindiTd leagiicji of cniintry, and been exposed to ail the
inclemency of a, i-niiiy autumn, and of a premature winter."

The entmiico of the trooi>ii into Boston, from Itoxbury,
Decpmhtu' 7th, must Imve been brilliant in tlic highest decree.
The niaitial strains of their unisicwcre the final ihsX had been
heard fmm a bund by the citizeui;, since (ho eraciiution of the
town by the British foi*ces, and the exact movements of tlio
several divisions showed the thoroughness of their disci-
pline. "At their head was the liravo Viomesnil, who ten
years later sacrificed his life in defence of his King, in the
attack on the Tuileries. AVitli him came Berthicr. after-
wards Xapoleon's Adjntant-deneral, and one of his Mur-
shaU; Matthieu Diima«, a distinguished soldier, and a Oen-
eni! of division at Waterloo; I^dorc de Lvneh, an intrepid
Tri:?hmnn, after%%'ards a General ; Montesqnteu, grandson of
the author of ''L'Esprit dea Lois"; (^am St. Cyr, Dos
Prez de Grassier, Alexander de Lnmeth, Langrone, Anselme,
and others who attained distinction in the war* of the French
Kuvobilion. The officers M-ore chjipenux with a white cock-
ade, a uniform of white hmadcloth, tared with red, green,
or blue, according to the corps to which they belonged, and
high military linots. The General had on a tilue overdress.
fi*ced with red. All were splendidly mounted, and wore
elegant and costly e(juipments." •

"A grout part of the population of the town," says Count
S^gur, "came out to meet us. The ladies stood at their win-
dows and welcomed ns with the liveliest iipplaifse. Our
sMy WHS marked by continued rejoicings, by feasts and balls,
which succeeded each other, cUy by day. They displayed.

• Ivn u of lloxburv. by FmncU ». Uritkf , pp. K US,

OrR FRENCH ALLIES.

.127

with equal sincerity, the contending sentiments of joy at the
triumphs of the alliod araiie», and of sorrow at our approach-
ing departiiro." •

The regret nt parting, expressed by the Bostonians, was
h«^aItLly reciprocated by the French iillles. Said Count
Diinixi : "I quitted with rcjrret this adopted country, to
which T hoped to return after the campaign to fultill a spe-
cial mission, for wliich I had been named, the Count dc la
T-uzerne, Minister of France, having designed me to be one
of the commissioners to fix tho boundaries after tho conclu-
sion of peace." f

Before taking u linal leave of Newport, the French offi-
cers gave n grinid ball, of which the following notice
appeared in the Mercury of November 16, 1782 ;

■' sine* our last, arrived here the Prluce de Broslie, son of tt>e MnrM-
chall de ni-r>Kll«; theCotint lie S^u"r,Kui) ortlicPriini'Mhibct'i' ufCruucc:
lb« Cuiitil (k- Vaubiin ; wltli miiuy otliL-r ulllcura )K.-luD(t1"K ^^ tlii! •■mint il«
R»cbanil)eau'x army. And on WnitDt-stlay at Mr». ("rowky's A^isi-iiitdy
lUmtn, ttioy guvc a most clepiiu ball, to thf Indlrs mid gL-titlcincn of tlto
towD. The rofim was omami^nu^rl lu an i-«c*-oilhiKly !>|ileiidUI niaimi-r,
nnit by tliu jiidiclou!< arrniigcnicnt of the varhiiiii df^coralions, exhihit«il a
BlfiUt beautir\il beyond t-xpresslyn. will sdiowcd the arwit lasU- mid (Icllciu:;
of Mous. DesoLvux, uuv uT Lite uldii uf ilic Buruti Vlmiietinll, who bad! Lhs
dircclton thcrcor. A KOpcib coltiitloa waa Roned, and the wtiolc tron^kc-
tlons or ibe evening worv conductt-d with to much proprii^tjanil elegance
that It gave die tiigbeat natlftfacUou to all who hod the honor of being
I>ri;setit.'"

Of this visit, and of the ball hero described, the Pnnce do
Broglie aays :

"All llwue yoiiHg pciopip npppnrwl to regret very much the abieoce of
our army. They Oeclurccl that uluce thd French hud left, churc hud bvon

***ll<Hton ArTordf & proof tliat l}l^nlMTUT *nd Ittxurr an not InMmpatlhlir, for In i>u
ptuX of Ilia Uiiltnl Sliilr* )• hi niiiirli cmnforl. or ■ auitr Mgtvembl* mcloly to be fcjrmi-ft.
Enrop*(lo«* ■iMoflt'r lo «ut ■dnlrallOD woiu«n aduford wUb gn«ier bMui;r, riv canoe,
r>ilur<liAD, nr moit- btiaiUiC aci^oiutl)«liincDU Ibui tbi- Indira or IhMloit, «udi lu MoMlniai'*
Jvrrla. Sniitli. TuiloT, and Munuii,

" I IjxIroI nl iri« vxlremttf of ll» town, In a prrtty dwell 1 or- hoDW bvloiijrlDs to Capiain
I'lali|». Tills on«Rr, Mhn liBd htett grrallv lll-<i>rg| \t} llie Kii|[lltl>. |inil)Hl>ly l)iiiii|[lil llyit
OOP imjr of being rmangw] of ihcm irna id gtvv m hvnrlv wrloom* to a Kri'tii'linian. 1 wua
tbirrffar* r«c*tvrd ■■ > mrmbrr Of llio ftiollj, and il^all ncvrr totgt^i bb obUglair hotpt-

MUjr—mffvr.pfi. 3ii7-:fio.

T Hnnain, I, M.

RHODE ISLAND IN THE BEVOLmON.

QO more Kiiiu8i'ni«nts nor coDToraattoa parties. This little compUlat
tlechltil dc Si-gur. de Vaubnn and myself, Bod Bomc other yonns atnile"eii
of our army. u> give i Ijotl to ttiu&e dl^eousolalu fiilr oinui. M. (I« SotL-iix
took charge of the prcparatlnn.

" \Vc met with nciiber reliictanco nor Kfiisnl-s when we flpake of danc-
ln«. Oiir compAny was composed of Miiiin.' twciily young Isdlea, ioiu« of
them married, nil bcautiftilly dr^iuted, and all iLppi^arinj:; to he pleauted. We
toaNted very unWy iH Mipptr, mul t-verytliiug piwwiCTl off very nalUfaclorUy.

" Ttiv second day after thlK lltllo entortaiainent we left, so as to rejoin
tbe army ot ProvId«acc. We quitted Nuw|tort with i;r<:ut regret, but not
without IlfMi barlDg kisacd the hand of Polly Luwton."

In Boston, while awaiting the movements of the iSLti-quis
de Vjuidieiiil, the Frciifh officers wore treat^id with nuirkod
consideration by the public authorities, and by prominent
citizens. The nitimbors of the Geneiid Court made a con-
^rntulutory visit to the Baron do Viomesnil, who was
addressed in their lichalf, in n spirited manner, by the dis-
tinguished revolutionary agitator, Samuel Adiims. To this
address, the Baron raiidc an aj>propriate reply. On the same
day, a great dinner wnn given to ^f. dc Viomesnil and to the
principal officers of the army, .it whii'li (Jovenior Hancoek
presided. The young officers much enjoyed intercourse with
Governor Kancock, .Joliii Adams, tbo Rev. Dr. Cooper, a
leading patriot, nnd other gentlemen who had been active in
the memorable scones of the Kovoliition. "Dr. Cooper,"
says Count Dumas, "one day spnko to ma of the first decla-
ration of independence. We listened to hlin with the most
eager attention. When praising our enthimiattni in the
cause of liberty, he said to ny, 'Take care, take care, young
men, lest the triumph of the cause on this virgin soil should
t*50 much inflame your hopes. Yon will can*y away with
you the germs o{ these generous sentiments ; hut if you
over attemjjt to propagate them on your native soil, after so
many ages of corruption, you will have to suinunnit tar dif-
ferent obstacles. It has cost us much blood to conquer lib-
erty, but you will have to shed it. in torreiilrf liefore you can
eetablish it in Knrope.'

•

OOn FRENCn ALLIES.

529

"How many times since then, during our politipfll storm
— during our fntal days, have I called to mind the prophetic
warnioga of Dr. Cooper; but tbc iiiestimublo prize which
the AmcricaiiB obtained by their sacrifice was always present
to my mind."

Many of (he I-'rench officers were cjiiitc as desirous an the
rank iuid file nf mnkirg America their future home. A
considerable number remained in Pruvidenee and in New-
port, after tlio nrmy marched to Boston, concluding not to
return to their native land. The records of St. John'a
Lodge, in Xcwporl., sbuw. tbnt October lU, 1790, nearly
eight years snl)9cqnent to the departure of the armj', eight-
een oHicers who had served under Itochambcaii. joined that
iualilutinn. Their nninos were William Adancourt, who
tanght dancing, Claude liarrillc, John Bultdcn, Jaiue»
Ciillio, Allen Cavalier, Joseph ColIonoM, Antoine de Char-
tros, John Louis de Syhillc, ^lons'r de Moulin, Joan Bjip-
tiste Fiory, Mona'r Jeane Court, Henry La Neal, John
Lagaad, J. MunLelier. Joseph Munela, 8. C. Deumuline
Rochefort, Peter St. Phillips, Benjamin Scelye. The
orthography of tliese names, :ir here given, is not vouched
for. Ollicers who returned to Fnuicc immediately after the
capitulation of Yorktown, expressed anxiety to go once
more to America. Dr. Franklin, writing fi-oni Pasay,
March 4th, 11^2, says: "The French officers who have
returned to France this winter, speak of our people in the
handsomest and kindest ninuuer; and there i» a strong
desire In many of the young nttl»Icm<*n to go over to fight
for us ; there is no restraining some of them ; and suveral
changes in tlic officers of their army have taken place in
couse(|uence."
• 67

550

RHODE ISLAND IK

ruiTios.

DEPARTURE OP THE FLEET AND TROOPS.

UST OP VESSELS IN TUB BQCA-DRON A'SD NAUES OF THEIB
COMMANDEIiS.- WRECK OF THE M A.CNnriQUE.-STAFF OF
THE TKIUMI'HANT.

SHE fleet of M. de Vnudrciiil sjiiled from Boston
DeccDiber 24tli. It consisted of Le Triumphant, 80
guns, SI. lo ilarrjuis Vaudivuil ; Ln Coiironne, 811 gnus, Ai-
de Milton ; Le Due do Bourgognc, 6t> gan», M. de Charltte ;
L'Hercnlc, 74 gnus, M. lo t'bevalier de Bnissc ; Le N'jp-
tuuc, 74 giiris, M. d'l^itin : La Baiirgogne, 74 gUDs, SL do
CbAmpmnrtit) ; Le Northmnbetlimd, 74 giins, M. de Midino ;
Le Bmve, 74 guns, M. d'AniUIeiiiont ; I^ Citoyoa, 74
gims, M. H<5ly ; Ljl Ni^niido, 33 giins, M. Ic Chevalier de
Lsiguille ; Le Soiiveruin, 74 i^iins, M. Ic Comiuaudeur de
Glanilever. TUe Augusta, of 80 guns, comtnaoded by the
brother of the Chevalier do Vnudrenil ; the Phiton, com-
manded by M. d' Albert de Kiom ; the Amnzonc, frigate, 32
giina, comumnded by M. do rAiguillc, n brother of the
Major of the squadron ; and the Clnirvoyanto, Pach6, com-
mander, were at rortsmoiith, N. H., to rt'ceive a poi-tion of
the French army whiich had iiiiirchcd lo that pliice. They
were to sail in tvvenly-four hours after M. de Vaudreuil left
the Boston Koa<l8, to join the squadron on St. George's
Bank, and then unitedly to double Cape Cod, and cmiso
before Newport, to disengage the Fnntasquo.

"This fine squadron, which was now thoroughly repaired,
was commanded by officers who had distJngnished them-
selves during the preceding eampuigns. The crews, com-
posed of experienuetl seamen, were full of ardur, and our
brave soldiers, proud of their success iu Amei-ica, were

OCR FRENCH ALLIES.

531

ready for every enterprise, however ilaring. The squadron
made a noble appcnnmce, as it set »ail amidst the acclama-
tions and lionndintions of the Amorii^nnn, who Iniidl}" cheered
the French fliig." In salHng out of the harbor, the sr^iiad-
roa passed in i^ight of the wrci-k of the Magnitiquo, the toss
of ■which was a sor« vexation lo M. de Viuidri'iiil.*
The start* of the THnrnphant wa3 as follows :

MnnlcabitT, Aug officer.
Tlie Ctievallei' tie rAI«uniB, Major.
Tlw Clievalior (tv Orliiialdl. Adjulsot.
The Chevalier dc Viola. Adjutant.

The Chevalier de la Panonsc, of tho Murines, AsslBUnt Afljolaot.
ReiicntijL;ny aud DesKoii, I.[«iil«nariU.
nvlnnsri.', i'lin.it and Ui-Izlii, pitsijpis.

.Maudat, tie l>iiHaas. le Pont and Moncheron. Ofllcero of the Marin**.
Thrco auxiliary oCU;.Drii. and thr«u oRlccrs of th« rcKlmont of MMoe,
keeping garrhon In Lhc ship.

Upwards of eleven hundred persons were on board this
ship, among wlioin was the Buron de Vioniosnil, and Com-
modore John Paul Jones.

HEALTH OF T]IE .\RMY.

JJj[\HE hygiene of the army during the period it remained
^5 in Rhode Island, appears to have been unusually
good. Thia, in a large mea»inre, was prohahly owing to a

h

•The Uaimtftqur, H faot, eoTnmsndrd by M. At Harlrru*. ww toit an lxnelV» ItUnii.
In Bodon liaibor, in Augatl. 17K. LVinpri'**, iloirou* ot lt>lll>luK to 111* VkinUf the
»rn» llic)- entertatnvc] or liU||cn»rOM*PXCt1ioni In h^hair <it llit- rnlird tMnlv*, liulrucird
Ihrlr Aerht at Marlon, "lo jireapat the Ainrrlu, a dfw :^ guu bIjIp. la th« nainn or Iba
Viillril iU«iei, lo llip riipvnllrr cIf la Luirrop, Tor llic kcrvlce'ut III* MotI Clirbtlaii
MaJvtt)'." Till* «titp wai built In rartimiouTh, K. II., uuijcr the lu perl ill radiiicc of Com-
mrnlorp Jnlva I'mil -lonra, nnit aT wtilcli lie nn> lo \wt liail ponunnnd; bul Ibe ciixcnctof
i>r tlip lliriB rcniliTcil > illlTrrmi (l<-ilLnnlIuD toi llip ililp ni-cpuar;.

nnonr. islasto dt the retolution.

vigiliint cnforecmont of sjitiitfti-y rc^iilutions, under the rigid
inspeelion of tho ^fiircclimix de Camp. The solilion* of
"suuiiy France" wero not ttniirelv |iniof ii<fuin8t the fre-
({iiont nnil oxtrciiie ch)tiic;c9 ol* our scn-i-on^t cliuiulc. and in
the ox(«ssively cold winter of 1780-*!, » throat disease pre-
vailed,— to what extent is unknown, — whlt-h in several
iiistaiices^ proved fata!.* Still the encampments do not
appear to have attractod dpocial attuntioo or comment on
this account. On llio .subject of health in the array, M.
Claude IJlanchard, Commissary in Chief of Ilochamheaii'ft
army, speaks in positive terin». He siiys : " Xotwilhstnnd-
ing this changeable weather which I have observed in Khode
Island during the whole winter, the eountry is hcaltliy ; the
rest of my aojourti proved it to mc. 1 have always had
fewer sick, pcr^ns in our hospitals than in France, and when
our army set out in the hitter part of 17H2, after staying in
America two and a half years, we had not ten sick in n
thousand men." t Ai>suuiing (but (be niiuy, on tts departure
from Ithode Ishmd, lumibercd six thousand men, tho sick
list would aggregate not more than sixty jiersons.

WHERE BIRIE!),

The soldiers who died in camp lu North Providence were
buried in the soiitb-west eorrier of the North Burlid Ornund
in Providence. Of this I was informed, in IHfiS, by the
late Mr. Dexter Thurber. whose father, Mr. Samuel Thur-
her, pointed out to him the exact spot. In interviews lield
more recently with the venerable Deacon Philip Martin, for
forty years or more a superinleudent cif intonnenta, Mith tho
late Ex-Mayor Edward P. Knovvles, and %vitli the late Hon.
Zachariah Allen, nil intimately aeijuninted with the history
of the grounds, the statement of Mr. Thurber was con-
firmed. Tlio number of soldiei-s buried there is unknown.
On this subject tho Providence (iazelte is silent; so are tho

I

> RocbBinbcau.

TJourvDliri' Clauilf Itlandtud, p. IM, h.

'

c^ccc^c^/^^c^^ (/c^^^Ony.

ODB FRENCH AIXTE9.

533

records of Ibe Town CoiiDcils of Providenpo and of North
Providence. In Providence, the SnpeHntPndcnf a record of
huriftis does not commence until 1847 ; and licnce, if any
list of the dflcansed soltlioi-s is Jn oxistcru'e, it will most
pTObfibly be found in the nrchiveB of the Wnr Departnieot
in Prtiis. Whetlipr au^' such return wan uiadc is at present
a. injitter of coiijccliirc. Of course, tnking M. Rlanchard's
statement as a basis of calculation, the decedents could
hardly be cnunierated by hundreds, iia esiiggenited tradition,
without corroborative proof, has affirmed.'

A BRJEF RKSUMK.

lITE full of Yorktowu li;u4toned the cloac of a contest,
which kceu-si^hted English atatesmen foresaw could
not be made successful in |)orpetua1(no; the vasHalagc of the
thii-lcen AmoHciHi Colonies. I^ord North spoke propheti-
cally, when, on receiving the news of the capitulation of
Cornwallis, he exolaimetl, in unsuppresaod agony, " // m nil
ovtr." All was iben lost. The luighlesl jewel in the
English crown was torn from its aetting. Ever after, it was

*rr1or (o ITOO, ib«ra wmi no [fubKe buriDl-tr^i><>4 In PraHdenw. tl \mA bmn tlirpne-
Um r,t hmiMholden 10 Mt apMt. upon Il>plr owil land, ■ apol for • family cnvc.yiird.
IVtiwii* ar* dill Mitiiff who rpmrinbt-r tlic Cockr, Aihlon, TIIIIuKhnit, CtawlVird, tlrawn,
Whlpp'l^, Drxipr and ullicr prlmt'T vDcluturv*, nialdlaiiiH fur till* purpv*o In dlircri'nt
jutrlit nf (hp (own. Iii llin abovr named frar, tittdft Hip firr^iute at an IntrvMitiir imd,
ihe Kortli Burlklti round wan lalil oiil, tn vrlilch iiravlaloa irai lamitv for colortd pcri«n*
•nd r«r airk&fftn. lliu prlvlki* of Ntrylnji in Ihli icrouiLd na* rxincdMl lo decrdcmn In
ever? iDwn (u PtoTirleiirc cuudI^. — ■ prKllc^v Tiir niaiir jiran lm|iruTnl. The loinhprn
botiudat]' uf llir Kruuni] la tli« crUM cwrrlaprwaf runninf from pmi (o wnt. All llic Ikid
rxirnillny Miuttt nf ihU llnr Ni the faunlaJn oppoftlle llAUen'a lani! wu act apart far a
" ImliiInK Ai'lil." Hiit a ilniilK tnllltirr parDdc la ipinvmbcrml to tiaro bmn Inid llHiff.
That poMloD of the lIHd cncloifd, fmiu tlicMitriuier irntc lo fie cTi>»*(1rl>r, was lonf omu-
pl*d \tj tlio tiiwna-jiMiiilr at u iwtid-|ilt. hill 'n iMJ ll ■■> Krndri.anil U nan coiivrrted into
Ml Rttraclltt luwn, omatuonte<l from •[>rliiK in autunm atlili a laHHy of b«BullfUl llawtr*
anit plnnta. 'Die go^ni lailp ol lh<' Suptrinl«DdcDt if no ItM vUilil» In lh« nralncM cttrrr
Whcrv illaplayml In llila '■clljr of tlin dfad,"

5U

KHODE ISLAND IK TnS BBVOLUTION.

to shine an iiKippcadcnt geui. TUe duminution uf England
over a country, nt this <lay extending IVom the Atlantic
oce.in to the wntew of the Piicific, and in minei-al wealth
oiit-vieing tbu faljiiloiis riuhes of (To)uondiiT ceased. A eeo-
tury peases, and wbiit is the record? Simply tbi»: the
feeble and dospi^etl Colonies, awakened to self-reliance, and,
in the spirit of self-iisaertion. developed tlioir material
re3onrces with n rapidity and to an extent nnpanilleled in
liistoi-y. In their Federal eonsolidatioii, they have taken a
foremost rank among the iiationn. The little one has
become a thousand. Three millions of dependants have
hocome tirty millionj* of freemen. It is anid that the 8ui>-
port of the American cause l>y the French, leading to this
raftgnificcnt rcsiill, cost the government of Louis XVI.
1,400,000,000 of livroa. The alliance so sca-sonahly formed
— the fact, that France was the lirst nation to acknowledge
the Independence of the Tnitod Colonies, — and the Hhcrnl
mntcrinl support t'lirnislied in the hour of pressing need,*
should perpetuate in every American heart a grateful sense
of the important scrvioos rendered by

"OVU. F«BSCH vVlLIE8."

■Aincinx th«' fVirnil!! of tli« AiiKTicAO ColonlM, who d^-ot«41y trmxl rhrlr Intcmti In
Prmiir«, oii* ripTri> AujeiikIId Av Ci-aiiiiiafRtiatt. Hp wa* Inrft^ly loilrnnirDUl Id liiducliiK
ttic t''Tvnch xoi'crunifliil to fleeretlj aid tlie Arnvrlcan*, fttii] In tocurins n autxlitr ttoia
SpilD. In rlTorli lo rnlw rum)) he »&, imlrritligklilG. TlircniKli hU endmron. :&.n00 mu»-
kvUk WVcvnnont. adiI '^w.^nifiomiilt of jtiinpowdpr w^tp tent to Amivrioa. U. Ilraumar.
chnU wa> tinrn (n I'»rU, .Imiiiur/ LH. 173^. »nd •llrU JIb; llf, t:w. Ill* IMiBion iliuul*! tw
phorl'lit'il I" imwli nt tliul of imj luro iit VdtIi'uuii.

A HUNDRED YEARS.

Centennial Commemoration,

OCTOBER 16-20; 1881,

OF TUB

Surrender of Yorktown,

TUKtINIA,

OCTOUKIi VJ, 1781.

y

CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION

or TUB

SURRENDER OF YORKTOffN.

KOM April I9tli, 1&75, wlii'u tbe ouc liiiDtlrcihli >niiiTcr»ury of
Dh" tiatllcs of Lexington ami C'rincon] wns pntluisiBslicnlU" coinmeinn-
rMltnl, iiitlil (>cUi1)«r IDtli, 1^81, when, with i^qiDil vndiuHiiwiii, tlivtmr-
rendi'r rtf T/tn] (.'ornwHlli^nml \u» nnnr, li>^-1])r-r witti tlir naval (Virce
l>v wliirli hiH l.(ivcl»lii|i luiil Ik'i-ii )iii]i]M>rt(-il,Hii!i <-i'Tcliriilr<) iiI Vorklown,
in Virginia, n srries of rrvolotionwry events was hrouglii fro*hIj- to
mintl by itjiirilvil niitl opprapridtL' (.'crcmonioii. Tlivytold nni<w uf tlio
bnivcrv tli^iiliiycii on Rtinkor'-' Hill, on Klio'k I^tltinil, nn IjIiii<^ li^lnnt!.
on lliirlt'ii) I'Ininc, on Ki>iiii»i'^ Hi'ig1il», ntTrcnlnn. Bt IVinrt-ton, nl
Sarii^JKrt, III Siuuy roiul, a( tliv Cdwiwns, nt (luilfoM C'oiiri-lloiisu,
unil on niimeron^ otlirr fivM?, and Miireil patriulic fire in the hpHtIa
(iI'h >j«.'Mt"nil ion whow-' HnCMtors, h tviihiryln-ffipi',Inii! roii;;iil nntl tileil
fi»r tVtvdoiu. The rx-nlcnnial riK-liiiitiou itt Yorktowii wb» jioI local,
but niitionul, ami the ihouuindn nsM-inbtcd ih^rc to pHr1)ci|kalfl In llio
tirilliiiiil pii^cnnt rr|)rcM>uti.-il tin- (llH- millions of frcnncn whow
bcnrt-ibrobfl wer« al tliat nionicDt in udIsod.

ORlGtN OF THE ComiKHORAnoN.

The itU'a of ruk-Imiliiig, nl Yorktown, the one liiitMlnitlth annivcr-
wirj- of tlip THiiitnlaiion of I^rd Corn wnl lis. originaM with ('nhinol
M. Gl^nitdn. the editur of thv " Norfolk VJr(;iniuu." By hia lirvlvsa

68

cftorlit, lh& " Vorktowii Ceiilenniwl AsMtrlntinn " • wiis fonueJ, ami
in I871J WM cwnnnvuionuuil tint »iiKtv-i.^ightli nnniveriary of l\xi
fliirrcnrlfr, in wliicli tuu thousand pernios pnniplpated. Tliij' gavo an
iinpoiud ill llie riglil ilirvrtiijii, aud lli« vuilino cuuivptiuti K'j;rtii lo
take (arm. A ine<«tinK *>f 111* Govtrmoro of Die orijiiiia) ihirteco
SiaU-n, held nl Vhilndfrlpliia. moveil hi titp .«Haio line. Il waa rot-om-
idi'ihIv*] lo nil tlie Govt-ritunK to )i|)point ntmnii-inkitK-rs from llicir
ruRpectivi' Stali'fl. w niil in rrealing an InKreM iu llit niotlcr.

Ctovcnior Holliilay, nf Virpiiiia. apprpt-iHting ihc wn-irtMi rwitflcpod
by CuluDel Cilennan, iip[)iiitiU-il liiiu to rvpri'sviil *^ i1k> Old Uomlu-
lon." Tin* itiuvcment soon Ht^Hunu'il n iiitlioikHl Hiaracler. By Act
of Cou^frrae, uf Juni- 7, IftHO, n ('«'iiti'nniiil Commission was created.
Th« 8um of 8100,1)00 WHS appivpnati-tl tu di-fray the L-xiHrnw; »f
pn-otiii", al Yorktoivri. iIk- lung prumi^wd uiouumcut.t and ?i'J.WO
more wm pruvidt-'d lo nid in d*!frayin^ Ihe expenses of tlw ceU-bra-
tion.

fXVITATJUSS.

In a<-p<inl«nrt* wltli n ri'.'oltii iun of (JouijrvM, PpomiIpoI Hutlierfiinl
H. I [ayes nddrfKsi'd II l.'ltrr in A1..JuI<>a Grevy, l'rosii)i;tit of the Kreuch
Itepulilir, inviting I)im,and lltrniij^h hini "tlio pi(>nple- of Fratice," *^to
imitf with the govoniinftnt and people of tlic United Stole* in rclohrAl-
in;; lilt- tviitt-nniiil anniversary of llie ^urrundcr of I>onl Cornwnllie,
at Yorkiown." A similiir inviuuion was vxtenilcJ lo Ibe family of
(ium^ral I^nfayvtlc. SubKi-qnimtly. invitatinn« wufg given to tito
de»eendant!> of Cuuut ^e Kix-litunlR'aii, Adinirul du rTrHMB, Admiral do
Ilarr»!<, J nnd lo lliow of nil niliwrc who were in any way cunoeclwl
widi IJr' Kri'jR-li anny or fleet lH'f>L>re Ywcklown. By diredKiu of
IVjiidenl Giirlield, ibt- Seen-lnry of Stale, the Hon. .Inme* G. Klaine,
tmili-red llii-oiifth the .Anicrienn Minister, at Iterlin, like invitalioiL^ lo
liic ix-preBen 111 lives of Uamu Steulieii. Tlieae invilatiou* were warmly
ac!eepii''d. M Gr£vy appointed IjC Cominandnnt Loi^r^rionstcin to
i-ppri'senl tin- Fremdi {rnvenimeiil. On tin- Hrrivnl. al New York, of
tlic fureigu gucjtts; iticy were bospiuiljly vuleruuncd, a& tbey ako

•

*ltr tliti ■••orljUlon, llii> Hoi). John liaoitr. -if Norrulh, In Vtrglnla. OM diOwrB rml>
dent, ULilwaril t:vvrv(l Wliirticll, of S'l-w York, #wn**rf, ■ii'l Col»ii*4 J. B- Vnjlon, at
ll*ililuD(lcld, Stu Jvt^t:}, Uoiii-rul SiitiCTiuD odeiil.

tAiiti. |>|i. ivi,i:'t.
1 Hit tamUy «r Adulnl •■« BiimLi )iim tnKwioc vxiluct.

IW^ l-rM tfi-vT

r*> hM«|>ilAi>t^ •micfUtUfi'Xf »* iitaij

Itann hN iMa^B K«nr-t

■^

^./E - H-'^yy-

«UTKEffi7

ODB FRENCH ALLIES 539

were in Philadelphia, in Baltimore, in Washington, in Kichmond,
and in other cities visited by them. Indeed, during their aojouni in
the United States, no pains were spared on the part of the general
government, and of State and municipal authorities, to fill every
hour with brightness. These attentions elicited from their recipicuta
enthusiastic expressions of appreciation.

At home, invitations were extended to officers of the army and of
the navy, to tlie Chief Justice and to the Associate Justices of the
Supreme Court of the United States, to the diplomatic corps, to the
Governors of all the States in the Union, to delegations of the mili-
tary from each of the original thirteen States, to the Mayors of the
cities, to the surviving ex-Presidents and ex-Vice Presidents of the
United States, and to a large number of private citizens, prominent
in various professions. Measures were also adopted to insure the
presence of a large representation of the Masonic fraternity.

CONGRESSrOKAL CESTESNIAL C OK MISSION.

The Congressional Centennial Commission, before mentioned, con-
sisted of the following gentlemen, representing the original thirteen
States :

Senators :

Connecticut, "\V. W. tjiton ; New York, Francis Kernan ;

Delaware, T. F. liayard ; North Carolina, Matthew W.
Georgia, Bonjamiii H. Hill ; Gaiisom ;

Maryland, William Pinckney Pennsylvania, William A. Wal-

Wliyte ; lace ;

Massachusetts, H. L. Dawes; Rliode Island, Ilynry B.ATithony ;

New Hampshire, E. II. RoiliTis ; South Carolina, M. C. Butler;

New Jersey, T. F. liaiidolph ; Virginia, John W. Johnston ;

House of Beprcsenlaliics :

Connecticut. Joseph R. Ilawley ; Mossachiisftts, ficorge B. Loring ;

Delaware. K, L. Martin ; New Ilampsliii-e, Joshua (1. Hall ;

Georfjiu, Henry Persons; New Jersey, L. A. Brigliam ;

Maryland, F. C. Tulbot ; New York, Nicholas MuUer ;

OUK FB£>Xn ALLIES.

541

tliv allrni'lioui* of the occasion. No more nppi-oprintf. loratioii cinild
liftVf Iwi-ti Sflecicd. On III* one siiic, iliis fif-lil nf Mure was flanked
hy llic York river, hrnl on the other, hy n shcUfring forest. lU-rc, n
century gone by, ihe army of ComwHlliK liiiil duwu iis arma to Wnsh-
iiiglon aud to the " French Allies," ntidcring Turtlier «flbrl» to cnish
out the lifv of n new-hom nntion hopek'.^>;.

To jjut the l"'arm in suilable orJer, mid t» provide for other unn-
I'oitlubU- uxp(.-ii«vt* uf the CVcttuuniHi, thi' ^V««oct»lion ileculcd timt at
least {(•^■'>t>.000 muHl Im raistnl. Tin; Kiirm was cRpilalirod in Mock
lo thiit amuiitit. C'LTliticatfs of tUii stock, in 8um» of Wn A'Ahint
eacli, wore iB9uccl to incorporatorfl in th« District of Columbia, and
in t-nrli of tlii- oiig-itral lliirtLfit .Stnlcfl.* How succeMful this mothnd
of raising funtU proved dn^'s not a|i|i«nr.

It hud been the- oxpoctHtion of ihc Asiiociation, that the nionuiuciil
woidd W erecl*>d on ihe Farm. FiOcen acres of land were Fct apurt
fur a t<iu>, and ilonated lu the I'nilcd Slaletf. It wna t>iLid to hiLTC
Uitiu tliv ilvsjgii uf the Aw>uciatio[i to trauitftir, at tlie close of the
tvlebrntion, llic entire Funu lo itie govcrutncut, to Le pnnvertwJ into
H Nalionsil I'ark, but th? »(>lec()on of a location on a hijjh bliifl' of
Ihc! York rirvr, vyilhiii half a mil(*, or lets, uf llio ctvnlrc of the vil-
lage, prevented llic consninmiition of llio (>laii.

coNVKyiKcE*. — roinnTsrEa.

Lilwral prDvieinn was made for tlic conveyance of nalional gucirt*
from New Yiivk and frimi WashingtuD. At Washington, tlie "Kxwl*
Hior," a large ami ruuvenieiit irt«aiiier, received on boanl nearly Iwu
Imnilred guests, ttie arrftUi{emi;iit» for whose romfort were ■equal to
IIiobc of a fin<t-elH»8 hoti?l. Tlte ''Desiuilch,*' iLServw^teumer appro*
prifltcd to the nuc of IVesidcnl Arthur, of nienilwre of his Cnbinvt,
and of other eminent parsonages, ••Thi; Cttyof CatikiUi'Mlie^i-lxcd-
aior," and oilier steamers, to wliieb guests had liven aiwi^^^ned, left the
pier at Washington, on Monday altcnioon, (.Irtober 17lh, and reached
Yorklinvn the naxt maming. The ftrrivnl of the President wm
Buuounced by salutes, uf twcnly-ooc guns, from the United StalAi

k

••■'llic Turklow-ii llktiil Book," luiiii] •1i»rtlx lirTun- (lii> (vtnniirniumilun.Blv" • 11« *f
the DRinrt of llip liimr|>on>Iori. Tlipj nuinbrr »» fi>llow»; Vlrflpi*, tt; Coanccllcul, SO;
HsrylBiia, tU; New York dty. IL: UUMcliUMtl^ lU; New Ilauipthln-. 9; l>[<uu>;1*ii>ii*.
t; .SaulliCiuallnji. H: Grorgim, 8) Svn JvnwjTt ^l Kortb CwoliDi, 7; Dtnrlcl oT Colum-
bia,?; tMai»r*,(t; Uliodeldand.a.

^^

I

n

OUB FRENCH ALLIES. 543

Lonl, our ilelivt^rf^r. The Influence of this event was seen in the teemfog
forth of blcsHincH of a century of national life, and the influenrc of those
blcssiugH is flharcil abroad to every corner of the earth."

After discussing the origin ami fnni^tions of government, ihe
Bishop continued :

" We thank the Most High tor having knit the ties of union and brother-
hood ho cloHc tliat they «hi> so Hhort a time ago met iii the awfnl nhot-k of
battle meet hero to-day with no strife or rivalry save that of enthimiaxtin
devotedness to tlieir common country, and are gathered here around thit old
fountain Iwiul of !ilnTty that all may drink deep of the itatriotiHui of our
fathers, a putriotiMm high and nnivernal, knowing no limits of nert or section,
no bonndtt save (lod and humanity, and while this mourning drapery,
entwined with the embleniH of our exultation, reminds us of bow so lately
our country Irent in tnartul sorrow over the prostrate form of her Chief Mag-
istrate, cut oft in the midat of his noble career by the iniquitous aet of an
assassin, yet we see uo blanch of terror in her cheek, no tremor of anxiety in
her hand. She inHcril>ett his name on the list of her illustrious sons, and thus
points calmly (inward and upward, strong in the faith that He who so mar-
vellously blessed her with unparalleled prosperity during this century of her
life will not abandon His work and has not exbuustcd His treasure."

IIiM JinnI words wt-re for France, invoking a hlesaing upon a nntion
that luid ctood by our country in its time of need.

" May all that is honorable and noble die out of the hearts of men ere the
remembrance of this <lie out of our country's spirit. May this soil, be sacred
to our country's Iil)erties — more sacred even than old Independence Hall;
1)ecanse while there she made the grand but almost desperate venture, here
the wn:ath of victory was entwined around her brow. May it ever be doubly
sacred because of the miu^'led blood that bos hallowed it, and may that min-
gled biooil be the covenant of a. friendship more lasting than the mounmental
sbiLft wliicb is here to tell all future generations of the alliance between
France and America."

A SHADOW.

The rejoicings of the day ivcre shadowed by the funeral of Captain
I-Mward P. MfCrea, of the flag-ship "Tennessee." He died on
Saturday, October 14th. A service, conducted by Chaplain T. A.
Gill, was held ou board the " Tennessee," afler which the remains
were conveyed to the I'uited States steamer " Yantic," for transfer
to Xnrfolk, Virginia, and tlieiice to New York. Captnins Joseph
Kvfic and Richard W. Meade, and Commanders (J. B. Wliite and

OUR FRENCn ALLIES.

M5

who wiliiuAftcd tlie veruniony. At tnn o'clock, a. u.. the Uuntl of the
tlitnl Uiiitod SIilU'h artillnry i^ave an out-tlojr conoiTt «t lh<* frrftrnl
B(»nfl, near line riltc of the mouiimL-ul. Al liio »nmv hour ihi* Nurtli
Cunrlinu Slate hand ^avc a ftimilnr concert at lliu tnilitai')' <tuii[> uu
'IVmjiltf Fiirrn. Ry Irn aiw3 n liiilf n'l-lncfc, nil the ntcmni-'n! Kpppw-
(>naiwJ lo tlic usi! of the iintiomil ginytti* hud arnvvd. At olcvuii
tf'clwJt, Governor W. K. M. Kollidiiy, of Virginia, hel<l n receiilifln
in "Lafaycllo IIiJI." The liall was liiindsonK'Iy dwyrtilcJ with
GBg», Aiiiun^ the iioliihtu<i of the ucoiision wfre Prcsidt-nt Arthur
and mcmhers uDiiN cabiu^t, the tbreigii giieittji. and diplomaliv coqid,
GoTcroorD mid C'ommUnionent nf the SiatcK, Gi-iicriil W. S. llnDoock.
wi(] Major Asa Bird Gordner. of \m slnlT. Coh>iiel Oswahl Tll^'hmaii,
Governor WilHaiii T. Ilamihon. nf Marjlniid. and Gencml Ilcnry
S. Tnylop, of his slniT, Hnii. Itohcrl V. Wlnthrop, Kx-Ouvonior
Perry, of South Ciiroltna, tngcihor with iiiiiiiy other widely kmiwn
mlliljiry ofRccrs and civiliatis. Ithutle Ishind was re|irB8enlcd by
Guvtpnor Alfred H. Uttleflchl, CcntTal Huratici liners, Hon. Nel*
BOB W. Aldrii-h, and other tuilional guwBls.

I-'oUoHJug the reccptiou wa* tbe ecremoiiy of laying the corner-
Bt4Ji)« of the monunoeut, acconling lo Masonic forms, under the
direcrtioti of Moat Worfhipful Ptylf>» S. Cole*, Grand Mafitcr,
Assisted by the Grand Wrister* of tin- orij3;iiinI Grand Ijodpe.t nf tha
thirteen original Slatex. The ast>cmhly was called to order by Hon.
.lofin W. Johnston. Prayer wan offered by the Rev. Robert NeL-wn,
grnndson of Governor Nelson, whose pnlriotic sarrifices ior freedom
havp, in jirevioiia pages, been related. A thoughtfully eloi|Huo: and
iiirdial addnsss of M-elenmc was made by (iuvoruor HoLliday. He
took a broad sun'uy of the riw and firogresH of the Ameriean nation :

"To tilts hlttlory hftonopRralli?! Kotlifnc like tbta to iu extent

and proportlciDa has tiuen Kiven ua bvfore Tlib luoiiuuieut will

r jiTOclttlm lo /utiirt" ({(■nermiorm llif aiirTpnilcr of fi>rri* imrl th« tritifnph o( law.

. . . . All nulluiinlUiiu UiIiikI<'<1 !■) (')•> cuiuniuu tide Tlie

infKbty title rolU oi».— Atnprii-*n» ikll,— iw tin? iR.H.Triim.-in ot tlil* monninetU

' wtll (leelare, with ' odo t'oitntr}*, one (.'uuntlnilion, one PcAthiy ': about them

a Cuutlueut with the waalUi of a Proralud Land."

I VU

1 "A

■ tliruii

I the »i

Referring to the late national troubles, the Guvemor said:

"A nhort tima aft" *-^^ coantry wm lorn by Alseont, aiu) HrlJ wat Ktrode
tliruiijili III" land with a «rrf*iM» raioly fKioallcU. Wln-u tliw flc'it waa ov^r.
the aworti waa abeUlicd, the bMtla-flas was Iurli.il. ifio wn*ik i>t <lwiii»wtl.?d

m

546

TH8 TOBKTOWN CBNTENNIAL.

mill H)iiin(>RMl liotnvB vtntf c»thcrcd up— fHimotltnca with li>sni, tonatiiDM
with ' UioubIiU wo dvv]y lur tc-ium,' trEilitJona nnd acwoclatlon* that w»n inter>
wctv<-n through tlio gi^vorn mental ami snilal faliTlc, nml thonuh ttu-'y liwl
i-atiKi^ (linae union *, on i^itlier >tile •hvth jireclous. v/fw: rollcil ii|> lili<< u mtoU
and lui'l iLway for»vi>r. Tot[<'ttt<rr itgatu, ma a nnlt^il [wople, undvrtlioulil
viislui). tlamiii); alufi wid )K-lure lu l!lui n Ntar lu th« iwroiM *fcy, v >rt*
muri:hii4c t<> ■till nmnilvT lTiiiai(i1ii>. l»>HrinB on our Atliuilviin abuulilun an
fiifruni'ImcJ iMrc to tliL' lilpM-tliigs of our owti (.iviliitatton. In \iw uiilAt ot
the fury »l [>anl.>uin Hlrjf^. hawevttr )iiil«r or hi>wevei- linneHt, U hiu always
n|i|'i^ii'<^<l tlrnt i« wo Iiav(f lorfil our attti^, wt- Imvi' lovcil out coiinlry niuiv-

" Whon thc! hani\ nt the aasamin erruck our l'n-*Idriit down, lliere wa* not
a liofiio or b^art, tnnn tea to aea, troiii whicli fHrneat jiraycr* did nol jto ap
tor hU nv^vi^r.v. And vrlim ih-jith ciimtt t.lioie wad not otiL> tliat waa nat
dmped in iiiourniits nnd Ituwnl in div^iiitst MnrroM-. Kv wan M luivo t>e«<ii
Willi iiK ln-4lny and Iiuvv joiiK-'l in ihci!ii< august <;pc«inoiiI«<H. Il h.-wIwfnotlM^r-
wist: (irtliiio'^. Dul hill lioiiorvd NucottMor i» ht-re, iitnl liis ntbini-t, and tlt«
Yorktown t'unjfmuiunni l*unii]d*iitou, wnd rnpri-jM-ntativf* of cv^ry il«?i»ftrE-
ini^nt rt( tliii Unllcil fllat«« governtneut, ami llic people of th* Mat^r Stales
uml tvrrltoHi-s, and titizoUH of tar^'ina outtoHs, lo partli'tpato in th<* prwved-
iii^ of tliU liUtoiic day. Virt^nla glvtw Tli«in c onniAL waLroMRt I'rovidvnoa
tlerrt'pd Mjal hiT «oil nhtmld Ih? tin- ai-i^ut' ut tin- last k™«1 iK-t of the Itfvohi-
tlon. Ult clllKntin n-Joirr that iWy rjin K^ant tt t'> nil lli<> Ktalce, and )oln
Mii'iu in Iniildliig tht-rvon » iiivtnorliiL which ilivy trii«t may W am lasUutE tut
thu nfiililfin it lypiflfK, nnd ilmT both may 1» IiumoTlal. Wp f<»l that how-
(■vor diri' Iho ralamlty tlinl hna hi'lallen us, or may In tbi- future coinfr. faltli
iH not d(tad.unil ptuiioti«m ban titii iHirn wnumh-d. 'Gml ri-ienn. and ttM
|rt)v«(nui<*ni av Wiwldiis'ou mill Uvw I ' Tlii- frk-ud^ o{ frvi.^'lom wvury whvni
cati-U up tlio KTnnil rrfrain a»d api^d It round the worhl — ' (UkI ruigno and tho
govAminC'Qt at Washinjcton AtlU llroal' Lone l^*'* ili^ fl;or«nitn«Dt I"

Governor Holliday ctosixl hio ailnuralile uiMreiiit with a well tumej
complinicut to Fl%DC(^. Tuniiiig la (lie fnrcign giicjilfi, lie said ;

"On tlilaapolan hun'heil your* ago your Hirt'x am) onn utilntd aud a<.-ootik.
pllsh'^d a work whirl) iitiirtHLl u cirilixAlJun with uutitid iionjiitiiUtliui on tlte
iiirw vo 11 lit I tint, and rpvolutionir^^id tho dvlliEntlon of the nld. Hone could
th«n GAUniaifi Ita far-rcachiug sweep, or th« uirtiuinl)crcd hlL'twInfrs It carrtMl
for tuatikiiid. Wi? tiuild ibl* iiioiiuni«ui to jwijivttiat*- ih* ri-<''dlciti»iin irf
thai work. Wi- wilt Knori' it with pinuH hiincl» and h<-arl» ikutl Iraniuiiit it to
till! i'ouulk-M» gcnrracion* who will follow un to nbow how in tlod'n wajra a
lirav<- it»d iitttik' deed evolvwt lt« own TrluuipltH. ftii may ik>i prin<apl«a thla
monumunt l» Inttiiided to rcpfuMnc not full from lb« muiuory oC uwn I "

Itnmarks wt;rc also mode by Ihc pbaimian dF iliit commiMion,
Hon. Jnliu W. John^lou. The !>tnac vras, llieti lowi^rcj into ita bod,
oi)rii. wine, iinil uil wtMv |M'iiru'l »\>on it. tli« levi-l uml tW iHiuure
vii'vrv iippliud, uihI lli<> Uiau'it MHi<t«n' (C'dW) imjijuunvvd lUv sUjdo

^^^)h^^r<Y^r/4^'

OUR FRENCH AJ.LIBS.

547

" well ari.l duly Inid."" Arrompnnied hy (Jmnd Master Wilhwrs
and the Grand MartU^r of PennsylvBiiia, ]*re»iik*i]t Artlmr, (who
with lut-iiihi-rit of hh cubiiiet orciipiod the gi'Hiid .'itnml of the puvil-
ioii.) «k'sct-tiili:tl U) ilic 8l(iii<!, vxaniincd it, prououiicwl tlit- wyrk w«'II
parformed, aiid on remtming hia scat llic i.'vrciiiuiiit*i« vcore doiwd.
Thw« i;x«rci«t;s wwru InlwrmiiiyU'd wilh "TboSltir Simnnlcil Ban-
ner," 8uii|^ Uy lhrc'« liuii<IrH(] loici-s, HCi-oiiiimiiiL-il liy [In- Murine
band, under the l«iidfrshi]> «f IVuluasor Clmrh-s L. Seigcl, «f Rich-
mnnd. Virginia ; " The MnraL-illniBc Ilvnin," hy a chonifl nf v»ii(*.?s
with Marlnii band aocompaiiimeiit, led by I'rorrwor Sfipd ; "Hail
Columbia," by a cli(ini» nf voirt'fi led "by ibe miiik', wiili Marine
band aecompaniincnt ; nrid t-losing with a *' Grand Fantasia, " by the
Mnrint! bniid. coiidnrlvd by Mr. J. Pliilip Sonnii. At the I'oiicbipion
of singing "■ Tin; Star Spiin^K'd Ilanmir." tlic I'nilird StatL-s flag wk»
uiifurk'd, Hud saiiiU-d by chu himL batlvriL-s uud by the war vl'»»i.-U in
lh« harbor. The largi' ai<-«ciiibbigc* vf JIfi»ons, in glitlc-riiig rpgalliw,
Iht bright iiniromiM of iinnynnd militia (iflk-LTi*, tbt- prt-sfiiri,' nt unmiT-
nti» di^tinguiriliL'd jjitikiiikhco, niid tbi' iiinneiiKc (TdmiI of fijifrtalors
octnipyiiig tlic scixtn and iidjiificnt gTotiiKi?, impnrttMl unt^onimon hril-
Hnnoy to the srvne.

The mnniiniont, a t"<iniilhian rolutiin. will. mIipii coin|di'lt'd,
meupure frniii il.4 hsme lo ita mpilnl tMghty-four f'c.nt twn inrhi'^.
Thu capital i» lo Ul- ituriiiuiititfiL by a i<tatut: <tt' lilitrty, idt^rtMi feet
four iachL-t> in height, making Ihu whulu ini.'ui<iin>itH-nt fruiti llic hol-
lom of tho ba»e resting on the surface uf the ground tw llie top of the
Agiirc ninrty.fivL- feel nix inches. Tbe podium or dnini will linpiHirt
thirteen dnneiiig Rjturt.'*. IliKtorieal iiiseriplious will occnjiy tbe four
side« of the base. I»catcd nn A liifrb bhilf of tin" Vnrk river, itn-ill
be a coiispieuous object front a long distant-e, reminding the beholder

■(irnnil MiulDr Colcswnrv, ciu tliif uccanioo, tliu mvIi and upniii prc«ciilnl to WiiMtAtg-
1«u bt l.afitypKp.
Til* tioic priiL-ed bonntiri thr Mrnor-(t>ineMntalnrdii«(itirorili<>lioly bCblc; copper Arin

at llir I'liUi-il SI:lI<*>, (if ilalr 1783, t'un«il SlKlca, Ftciu'Ii miiA ('aiMilUii bsuk diiIpi; «n»
liuiiilriil ilulliir VIritliila tn-iutiirj uulv of IWt', *«rloij» »|H^liiir-ii« vt tsotid-ientti moucy;
ecpr or tilt iirojjranime ot tlir cr1i-br*ti(i'n ; |ihij|(i|{n|ilis uT ccinfcUiu-Htc ttng*; Vorkiowii
n-iiU'iiiiliil iiiciiiil ; priiiirniiiiitr iif t1ic ruriwr->(unr ci'rc-iriiaieii ; cirpli-i uf Vlrirlula nrir'.
Ii«|»r»i |!iilin<uiiini« rfrrrrlnx lo lln- rvolcnuUl; copy of cliartcr of yorl(l(JWO*'«nl»iiiiliU
AMortuliiXi; > Itur rh)in Ihi.' Iilblr nu which iiiiirgr Wimhliixl'iii vn* >woiii »' s Uiuliiii:
eledrulj-pe c-ujiy at thiirtrt af (Iniml l..i>ilffi' «t VlriilriUi. a tUl (if rlii> tuvnilM-r* ol IIip
YDrkHWB Ccub-'Uiilat Ci»ninlHton: n copr iif Hit- inunlc wnx lij tlii' eharui; .llMonk:
apron mom i>) ihi- uu- Kn. .i. A. Iialilnln.

of tW priM, in USk aod irauoR, paid lor » plwv udoc^ ibe

The ftadvitiM of thii daj rlosed with «Hmrt» at the monament
xite mad at tbc mililat7 nuii[>^. • hop id I^dkretb; hall, and a bril-
Iwot pvntteorie diff4af aoi! Uatern illambuiiioa bv the United StAt«s
ToMdU aacbored in the harbor.

W«iliw«ihi_v, the atiaiierwu7 vf Ibe rapiluhilioa, opCDCtl briglit
■nd tfool. « li«fal sbovcr with dulaol thnader and Ughlaitig the nipbi
brftiTP, having mri the mfrrurr' doim maaj' ik^rcet. Bawl cdorertsi
•nlh-rnrd a tDoniing hour at the tnononent fite* and at tho milil
ennuntnticntii. Later, irrowda hent their steps towards the former,]
and belbre eleven oVloek the r^axs on the grand Maod, exdasire
Ibme f uitil I ed for PrcNdeot Anliur aod memben of his cabinet, and
for the foreign and other di^ti&guisheil gtmtfl, were filled to their
utmoBl caparitr. while a crowd, with e^er gaze, stood id fruDt.
The aawuibiv wa« called to order br tlie Hon. John W. JohosUo.
The conitiioiiiorattve services oomiueiicL-U with an oTerture of Ix^ut-
ner, perfunned bf Ibe Harine band, conducted bj J. l*hilip Sousa.

*A Tntunxmtx Fact.— •■ [| U ui IbHumw niiktBj[t* ribtUilTa of tlw tnachfryi
Imrttj •rtta*' populu neBiwr.tlul *a ot/eamoct to nttM mat m narfcxl ■» tbe tvcMkni '
la MSof ■ lauaMawat at Torittaim. oommFiikOTaiite at tlv UMBteotoai Mrraadtf llMiti
■1m«U hK*» l>n« kImmmi ratlnlj lurgattru, tkuafh dmlf cfaraal(il«I hf llM few rt tbm
Utt«.

" nm aMMMsrat WM thtrlWH trt* ta brijEtit, aoil MaiprtMd !■>« bMMOf 3»mt* rtttr
(nnllip bihI a ihaA of whtt* in«ri>Ii>, tlw Ulirr bcariag Dm Mlowlaf taaeripllaa, ' EiMt*4
Uh- mb day or Uoloter. IMO. b; iri» rrxliBeBial aa4 Mnpsay eAcMW af Hi* twMUjr-an*
ngtaml uf VirfiDl> BlUtla. of (iUiuocXvr eminljr, ubd of the Vnhmltcr coM^ankt
MtMfeH tli«r«((p, lo mark ihr ipoi of Uiii turmidrr irf ComirRlUi't (word on ttw tmb «f
tM«b«r, trai.*

"Tlir nonumridwHftirabbcd bj Mr. John W. Hade*, of Ucknokd, Va. llwMMit,.!
lH>wv*rr, rrrMnl un Ihe IWh n€ Octutwr, whkti \trlDg a icnpMlaaM dajr, IW «Mvciiaiqr
ira« ilrrnrrol, laklitf pluc on the rath tnttaal (bllowtDx. Tbi- die <n which Ih* tnona-
ni*>ti[wiu Mvolul irai antbrnllcnlvd hj' wnaral niarfci dT IdpntlOtmllaB whMi hail bwa
placid UMtabr lb* lain wtniamNrlmti. Kw|., tbvMwi ol 0(n*r«l T1iaBi»N*lwa,«rma>^
luttnauT mrmnrr. Tli«>t^ cnniUtnl of a hra|> at ballart n«ne«, dUfrrtnjr tram iInwp emi'
niuD to th» IncaJtl^, anil ilallnff hack, it wan plalmiHl, to UcM, (ili* laal oocaiJiMi dT (be cum.
mrnionUlvc obwrvaooM darlnf tli« tun oT l-arnyciir to ArnvrWa,) and ihc iwplar ircc*
pJanlinl. mi a* la fonn a Mjuarv, tif Mr, U'llllam ■ft-lanii, abniil Ihe ^-ar 1^7.

**Th« ilurntlon nf Uib iKoaumrnl wm briaf onoagh. tt Ml a i-ldliu to Iht know*
daalfMUvr pro^Ilvliyor llic •olitlcrj' (our own ' (Jrtf-Battt ') llic following yna. 9t»-
lUiMd In thr 1I0I11II7 u( Uh- »iniiiiiniTnl. tllr)> ballcrifd II ituwn iiiul so i-ffn-luiJI} UprOOl<>d
ami imnnili-d li ilml no vhiIitp of li In knowii lu haie nnuloHl (a tllv. It la mid llml Ihv
vinrr niBlirUl ot whlcli It wii* cvnilllulrd — ttm «ha(t of wlilte marble ~ wn» litdoilrl-
uual> ratliliiiiiNl liilo rviimtlnit takrn* at lilLllcal rnrni fiir tHntant niolhrn and aUtrr^
and lnr<>ox|irv**lrr vniMpnia faw uaxloua awM-fh*an> "—A. A. B,,{n tKr KUhimmd ^ra.)
SUtndatd.

OUR FBENCII ALLIES.

549

Prsyor was offi-rtnl by Bisiliop Willium L. l[Hrri«, of llic 5Irllio4liat
KpiHc<ipa) Church, of New Yiirk. A ceiit«i)iiitil hvmii, composed
hv Charles PoioiJcxter, Kaq., followeil, and was effectively reudtrcd
hy a clidpas of three hiiiidred voices, ronducted by Prof. Chnrles L.
Seigel, accminjinmed by the Msrine band. President Arthnr and
iiiomlxTJ' of his rabint't, the foroign guests, nm! olhrr ttminont piir-
s..iinj;es, occupied ihu front soatB id" th« gratid stand, " lliu uhsen'od
of all obsvrvew." The PrcsKknl dcUvnrL-d au corurst nnd »ppro>
priftte nddiv» of welcome. To this, reeponscs were made hy His
Kx<vllcu<'y the i-'ivncli AinbaM»adi:>r M. Muxiinw Oulrvy, hy tlio
Miu-quis de Kochambeou, and by Colouol Amdt Von Stouben.

PRKStDEKT ARTOUR'S ADDRESS.

Pfuftldftnt Arllmr vfa^ introduced by Secretary BlAinc, and deliv-
uroil the following address:

" Upon lliis Huil, one huuilri.-)! yenn ago, out [ath^trs lirou^ht to a ituciN>aN{ul
laiJUQ (brlr hiTnir tttnigglo (or indoprinilnm^ii. llrrc knd Mien wan <tit»l>liiilteil,
Bu<l»Hnu lrii<it made eccufi' upon im8cotttincntfurimi»»)*ot tu<H>HK-. that )>rln-
clplr u( Kovernueai whlcti U the vviy flbni of our political syeu-iu — tli* "ov-
ftrri|[nty o! tliH ixupLe. The rmenlini'iilH wtiii.li ittl«»di-i], «ml for a time mxt-
viveA Utf- 0IU.1II1 ot lu-inM hnvtt long n'tncw- Cl^<MvI to Aniinato onr hi-arU. It U
with uo trv\ing of (>xultatir>n ovt>r a iLofrtvttHl (on that lo^ay wu nuriiinon np a
rpii»>ralir&nce ot thoiiv t-vt-nts wlilcli have made lioly the ground wfaercon wo
li«a'l. SurHy no ■ttnh iinwotUiy aentlui't^ut lould Dnd tturtior lu otir lirarts,
ao profonndly thrillnl witL exprexslonH of sorrow and sympathy whioli our
national tit^re^veintttit has «vr>k>-<l from Uie people of Eneluid anit llii>tr
auKuni .Huvi.irvltcn : hut It ia al tout! tin- r Uttlus thac we should suUier lierv to
riifrrah uiir soul* with th)> cnnt^iniplHlion of th(i untaltoriiiK imtriotinm, tlio
Ntuniy M-ul and the tmhlioio lalth whiuh a<:hl«vril thu rr^nlU wc now i-oin-
momomtA. Fur so, II we team aright the leflsonB of Uio hour, shall wo be
Incited to tran-tuill to the K«neratloa which stuill follow, the prec-lous Icftacy'
whk'h uiir (athendirft to n» — the ]uve ot lilwtrty protected by law. Of ihat
hiwtJtrit' Hi-pni- which vrn h«i« crlr-biatn iin (itaturn Is mora prumiucril., and
nono more touching, than thi? lurtirSpatloTi ot our gaUaot allies from nfroM
tlio Hi-a. It WHS their presence- whk-h Rave fresh and vlsorous luipulso to tho
' hnpt-H of our country man whi*n well-niijU ilivlii^arteiied bf a lontf series of ilii»-

aHl<-ra. It uiui thrir noblir suit K'-nrmiu iiiil, <-xl«n<I('d in the tiaihent jwriud
_ o( the stmcglc, whii'h spi^d tlic iiomlnK of our triumph anil niiulc the civpltn-

B lation III Torktown possible a century ago. Tu their dewundunts and rupre-

I lunttalivVM who an^ here priMent as the honored i^iests of ihe notion, I1 It nijr

H Khul tinty to nlT>T ciiTillal wi-litomn. You havi! a right to nharR with ti< the

m iMsnchttlons which Huslor alxnicthe day whon your fathnm fouKhtNidphynldo

I with nnr tntltnrs In the cuise which WH here crownr^d with huiiv-ks, nnd none

I of the in<*niorle# awakened by thla annlwivary are Dion* giwtnful ut ua all

E

flSO

THE YOBKTOWS CRNTENNIAL.

tlian tho refl««llona Hint tlie iiatioDnl [rleai)slil[>s 1)«ie sg cloKoly c«m(rntwl
linve outlaalpil tbv tntiUlioiiK of » chnngcfn I ■ -enltiry. iiiid Knuit, my rmin-
trynii'n, llnw tlioy iwiiy ever remain iin»haki-ii umt tl)»t rVi-r hfivi-cfonh, with
oursclvfs and wltli all the nailoDii ol tiu> i>»ril!, we may ho nt pcjwic."

THE FitKXCII NINIHTEK t> AI>l9Ut(:<^S.

M. Max Omrey, in belialf i.f llie Frenrli clflflgalimi, wb» iiitr«-
ducuil hy Sucrctary Itluinu, itiiil dclircrvd l\ut roUowtu^ aJilrcw :

" Tli« I'mirh urivrrnitii-nt liiw frit irnich fnitotiMl by %hv friviiilly MrDllluenta
whirh inspiiiNj (liv United Kt«tf« vcith ttir t])oii|{1it. •>( luking F»ur« li> par-
cklpMtc In thr celebration of the Yorktowo [■c&unntiil, nud hi-antly dmirta
t4i rhHponi) in ninitnni^-r worthy of tioth ri}ptiltlli-.t tn tin- invitation spnl by Iho
rrwiiluiit I'f tht' I'nllod Statt-* in Iwlialf t>[ tlu" piroj'1') of Anji;ri'Ti. Tlie
cnaaiteottatliin ol piililjc iiyiii|iatl)y tollunlng tlti> Inilinlivi- l»kr>n liy Ibr C'on-
KteaA ot the Uiiit(.-d btatL-.i, blddlii^; Frame to litis national fttHttval. hiM Wtn
locikail upon by uh not only lut on acX ol lli» liiith^'Al courtfjiy, but vs|M>rl4illf
M u itiurk iif alTcctiunutv ri'jmrd, hiivinii llt« nubin nlui uf cviufiitinK yrt
morr- ■■Insely tbo iiiMwhii-1i unllv the two r^imtillc*. In (■omnifinomdon of
thU day. wliii^U n-prwienU one of the f;caiidi!»t cvL-nt^ of tbu puUttciil pxisl-
encri of tliU i-niinEry, thtt Fn^nvli |pivernni<iiit liiu si>nt n luLialon, coiujicmmI of
stwc^id i]<.-l<'KHtrs (rum dlReri'iil <U-purtairiit», lutit tbn rri.-»id<>iic of tin- Kr<.-u*.'h
nipiildii, wiflliinu to mark hU p^Toonnl ■yinprLiby, hiia iu<iit iiiih nf hU uwn
iild<«-deH-Aui]J. Tlicy thtiH deitini lo ithotv pattirularly tlii-lr ft[iproclatlon of
the tcrm'urnl loiiipLttncnt paid tn our t-omttry. Ett^Ii iind all of h» htq proud
v-t bavinu 1)vi.mi cutli'^l lu thv honor ul rL'prtwuiitlnjt Fraacv uii tids •lupkioua
(luy. The monuitK^iil wliitb !» hi'te lo Ut! urofle'il will not only rvcall a f(\ori-
oils vii-Iory — it will pi?rprtuale tbr n?<;ollei'lio«ii of an evpr-f«itlifiil ivlluinirr,
fatthtnl iliroti)fb tbt' trial!) luid vii-Jtultiidrn of an rtvi^nttiil vi^iitiiry, and an tlio
Prcniili'iit vt the Fn>iuli n-pulilii' biw mj iriily itaid. U will coux^rrutv the uulou
nprnnij from Kt-iieriiu« and 1li!H>r»l luplratlonA, and whifh thi? Initltuilonii iir«
ran nun lioiLtt of Iti i^ouniiuu iiiunt uerirHHurily fttreiijj^livu anil devi*lop for thtt
piiHl o! I^th cunntrlM. In coming u> thin Vorktown couhtaniaJ we come to
cuk-bniC*? ihu day wlddi ended (but lonji and blttvr strugi^ agoinil ■ great
■ixttoii, nun- our mutual ally aud fri«ud, who ker«, as under all skle* where
lii^r lliiK )ias UoiilM, boH h-rt Ineffoi'Mthlv loarkN of litr Kraml uiid tivilitinit
KpinC. "Wf. i-nru« lo i^idi'timtr thn iflnrioiut iXnw when tlit; luinicK of indi-pcnd-
anco wari> abk- to «'.-t lhi.-ir Utial fcaX tv tbci eulciun prDclaiiUlllon of tho 4th of
•Tilly, ir7«i. We tome oIko to aaluie ih« dawn of Hint era ol proajwtiiy where,
Im} hy hnc Knat intin, Axiit-rica |ivruiUl<-d tbr hitidllfptnrw of li<-r pt-oplp lo
soar and tbtiir mnt-r^y to nianlfost iuiclf. nnd thus the power of the UnltAil
Ktat^a has ilron^hm^^d, and cviiry year lias nddud to the prcwtlgt' which Bar-
ruuudH li'orHttvr HjmnKlixl Imnnoi.

'* Wlieu FrauL-t.' aout from iM^yund tlie iteun th<! coiiiwnition of her army and
livi tiavy to th)!i Tftliant people, engaficd in a war for it« iadr|if!nd4'ncc ; whon
l^Tayette, Rucbatiibrau. du tinuHHj, luid mo many othen drew in chvir foot-
*{v\m the young and brave hiIorh of onr most illiislrioiiti famlUoit, tbey yielded
ton geuvrviia iui|iiilii« and cainf with di!>iHt«riMtti.>d cuurngtr to aiutaiii the

^

ik

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

591

cwuM ot llbfprtj-. B bl»>Minp wunt witli Hiclr cnrtiinvrtm mi« fRV* tmv*m to
tli«ir wuut, fur whrn, one hiiDdrrd j-fani ofro. u to-iUy, t)H> Kn'nrli ami Ihw
Anii-rii-Ktis Krii»pi>d each other's band* nt Torhiown, tiwf rcatlio) ili»l limy
had helped to iny t])«i rurntriilorio nf a jtrvat riliflor. Itnl Ht)n>1y tJii' iiiiial fur
HighiKii amittiK tlmiw men would Iiato otarlvd liml lie ttrrn ithic lu Uiok. down
thu lociK vIkM of a t^nt.ury and Bnp ml ihU vntX thU rtipnhnr, Ihon jruung n»d
sLniKglini; with ftll Ihv dlffl'Tutllca « hlili aurruiliidod hvr. i»>w iiilni, milhiiiL,
anil lieiitiilni; with hrr hnlo of fiT<»i|»irity. Ttii' |[r<-»t Waiihhi|tt'>ii lilniBxir.
whnfie gf nXiA fcri'ftnw ihr drstlnj- o( thin (<i>iiiiirj-, tuiilil not hnVi< |kr«'dt<'lMl
lliiat. Triilv Uiv I'nlloil Statra haYc mudc, mpcrlnlly tn tlii'sio lutt<<r yonn>,
fflgnntj<T Htridi-K ulon^; the roiiu tn ittlU itr^utvr |ir»|{ri.*«D hy alKiwlnit (n lh«
world what tan Im »t-<oinpllidiiicI lij- uti mutkiiIIi- mpd Inlfllllut'Ol riathiu,
Atwaya a« n^flprirlfiit of iTa diiti<-H w Ja^ftloim uf iu h|tltt*. Aiiicrlia Iiha ijlviui
a KTrnt rxAinptf and ha« born a rauite nl r«]t>U'liig lo all tnio hivni* of llU-rty.
Fruaco is proud of lavlns <Kintr(liiilr<l In found lliU icri*Bt ri'iinhlk'. ami Ikt
wlati«« for four proniwrity urri iIiMp uiid Hlncvn-. TIm; mutiiat trliniid«hiii la
fotlniltid on ronnydfnnlMfiii of taatcnnit w>|ilrnlloiiH vrlih-ti llmi! (-aliuul drstruy,
ftnd future gcni'-nittonit. I truAt. will aMtUl attidii In lliln Mmi> (diu'f) at IImi
Epvctovlc, uDpTcvtHlvoted In btHtory, of two ffnral riallftua ri^acwiau from ckd-
tnry to r«-iiiiirj- a coiiipM-t of fraUTiinl and ltri|>frljthHhl« iirTio-iioa. I will not
cloiU! without IbauliliiK Uio [nlcrnl KovrrDtncnl, t)i<- tliffurciil Hlatmt of Uio
Union of whItJi tlii: ^ItguOan lutv« U-on iht- gxunu. uIim> ilin pcojiiti of Aiiut*
k-ft. for the H>iupathjBDdwelcoiDCext«iDd«H) toltic ri^prcHfniallvna of KraiK^v
Each of u» will tr>faj>UT<< Ih* wiwlWllon of Aiiicrli-«ti li'uH'a"'}' «'"' of llw
fiieiulljr acutUutiit« whu-li luiv« tiwn loaDttntixl to u* iti vwry placo and lu

AUDSUit Of niK MAIlgtnil DK RiX'IIAMHKAU.

The MarquU dc Rocbnintx-au intAa a gncvtul n»i>i»i»i in Frvufli.
it) which lie ftaiil, in »uti«la)j(% :

" CiiBxra or rum Dihtkd BxATEa:— You hare larilwl tu lo oelebrau wldi
jron Iht greal aclitevuncnt of arnia, an<t wu did nut bealtalv to liratti the UH'
ronof Utr bttMi Ui wjrio you lli»twlittl oui faUur* aufl l>rolltt-t» dkl iu I7l*l,
wr, tlt^ir aotia, would bi^ willing to do to-day. aiid to sltAwi our tuustaut
fiiradahip, aad to furifacr fibow ttial wo cli<rrlah thi aunr aeutlownts ae our
falliwa tn Ibaaa ^ortooa daya w« rrrWbratc. lu tb« uauw? ol my t'OUi|>aul'>ua
wbo nfrt*UA here Uie aieo wbo lou^bt. itenuit lue to hojiai Uuit tlu- nti«.'h>
iBMiS tamed hi them daja around thla tovnunu-ot irlii>'h ta al«»ut i«i Iw
vneted, will b« mMVod in o«^' buudri.-d /■■ftr*. and will atcitin vflrliratc Utn
victory wbid joinnd our lalltnfa In •otDnulv«hi|i and alliaao«."

Tile cKioajfon qieudi of Coload voo Bteuben, in rMponac lu ilir
Vrendeat'a addbvas, wae di^litrcred id German, of which cttf ruUowiut;
t8 u Uicral traoalaiiaii :

** Mh. PKKMitiKNT:— In tfao vrordx of wfllisonM> to your foreign eiiciitfl, whlrli
JIM hsTP jnst uU«rttd, jou remeiuliered oitd jactillotio4 fn kin<l urins llir
fainilj- of Von Bhtubvu. I auum yoii tluit »» noon sm thn tiitittiP uf our
hearty. enOiii.'ilU.ilIi-' nvoption in lhi» connlry. following the rrieoilly jnvin-
tlonioiw tiy tliu rn^oldunt ot the United Statea, were rN«lveil to the old
PHtht<rUn*l, thiitfi was b«flrtft>U n-iolulng aiiionj; all cbuiMudi in uvory |iart of
anr aiountry . It waa a unw aud iilrikiD;{ iividmtK-r nl the cvimninii Hymimlhy
Utat exiat«d hAliri'4>n tIll^ AiniTlran and Qornian pt-opks. Ii i>rAvn». too, that
tlw Amvlc-an f CMiple, which ihiii upprovrlabis and hadtenH to honor tho ttnuK
tiaad, atancLi at thu height o( olvIIIaHtlon and rullure. On]y this luominii I
recoiv«d a cablograni from my couutry with henrty i-oiif[ru(uInliau!t u|Mn thli
happy comtneinnrstlon day. m Imiwrtant in thf. IiiotAry ot liw irntt«^1 m«t«>.<i,
and liolieve, Mr. Prwldent. that 1 [nay «!X)irFM to yon tho ftinL-«rw unitulatJon
i>( tli^ wbolrt (inrinan pncplr, anil of tho German governniont, upon thia
nuii[»i-lniiadny. I'onnit tiio nlHO. Mr Prt-nldfiit. to ivUitn to you. for all oiir
Von SIpulwn famUy, the warroeat thanlu ol our full henna ; thanka whl4-1i 1
fuiinol odiMiuately rxpn^M, for tho hoiindl'^'ut honpltnllty nml for the ronllal
f[r«elfitpi whk'h w« have ni«l on evny hand, at vvory slop from tlio hour of
our landing until you crowned the who1« with your w)>l(.'onie to nn. An rxjt-
reaeuiativoi of our great kina.tnan, 1 can only nay to you ugain aud a^aiu, we
thank you."

Mlt. WiNTimOp's ORATIOM.

Tlic Iilstoricnl orulion was dcHvowfl bj- the IIoTiomWc Rolwrt C
Wiiilhnip, of Bosloii. No Jjclter or more popiiliir Bcli^lmii wmlrt
luivu hucri luadi:. His flii^Hieiil ciillarti, hU [ir<ifoiui*l kiiowli'ilgu of
history, litfi fuiiiilinr ucciimiiitaiii'e with Atnmrjiti pulitU'H, his
culargiHl viuns as a «laiv$maii, Ills coiirtuoux iiuiimcra, nud his
nltrnctive omtoricul powei-s cmiutfully quftlificJ him for the im^mrtant
ami Oelicatc duty assigned liim. It was n forensic display Dot oflcn
wiineswid ill n veteran of spwnly-lwo yt-arn. Follnwlnj; ner-edsarily
Iirotrat-ted prelitninary exercises, lie licW. for an hour anil forty min-
uws, ihc nipt altcnlioa of aa iiutnetuc ntidicnce. Uc opmod wjth a
dclic»te mmidimcDt to Virginia. — " n State which, of all others in
our Uiiimi. lias never needed to burrow rm ornLor for any orcHsion,
however iuiporlaat or exacting." He drew a j^mpbie |iictiirc of the
elcgc and surrender of Yorkluwti. He paid hononthle tribnles to
■Washington, to Nelson, to Kochanibenu, to I.afaye*to, to il« UrasM*,
to Viomesnii, to de Cliaatetliix, to de Lauzun, to Vou St«ttl>eii, and
to otluT American and foreign officers who were ooniipiciioiis for
bravery aud efficiency, lie drew alu-utton In the dangers ihrealcuing
the Americmi republic, and pointed out the method of shunning tliem.
He frnnklv deiiart-d ihul m recent year* " things had not jront' well
with UB," yel lie wa* hopeful of the future. He flpokf of I he French

'

I '

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 553

Kiii^ in tiTiii« of jiriiiitr, and also of (iiiccii Victoria, " whom Qcitlier
Aiiiie nnr Elizabeth \Yill outshiuc in liislory," anil of uliuin "we arc
Tca<\y to eay, and do say, ' God save the Qiieen,' as sincerely and a«
eaniL'Stly as slie licrself, and lier ministers, and her people have said,
' God save tlie President,' in these receut lioura of his agony." Only
fi fitw extnu'ts from this admirable production can here be given :

"And now, fellow-countrymen," aaiil the orator, " as we look back at t)i&t
hiHtury at this hoiir, and see at what a great price our fatheni pHrchoacd for
US the freedom we are now enjoying — at what a cost of toil and treasure and
blootl these Republican hiitlltiitions of ours have been founded and liuilt up —
can there fail to come home to each one of our hearts a deeper sense of our
■ rcs[MmHibility, ua a people and as individuals, for upholding, advancing, and
transmitting them unimpaired to our pust«rity? The century which boa
rolled nway Hincc the scene we commemorate needs no review' on this occa-
sion. It has made its mark upon uur land, and written its own history on all
our memories. The immcHHe increase of our population, the vast expansion
of our territory, the countless productions of our industry, the measureless
mass of uur crops, the magical reduction of our debt, the marvelnus pros-
pitrity of nur jieople, beyond that of all other nations of the earth — all tlioso
are things nut to boast of, as if they were of our own a<-comp1ishmeut, but
to re<:ognize and tliank God for with all our hearts. Nor can we of this gon-
fTiitiou stand liere to-<laj', on this Virginia soil, Iwneath this Octolwr sun,
without an irrepressible thrill of exultation and thanksgiving that we are
hcr« lui brothers, from the St. .Tobn's to the Rio Grande, from the Atlantic to
tln' I'juifli— all conflicts long over, and all causes for conflicts at an end —
firi.v milHousof people, all free and equal, and all recognizing one country,
one L'oustitution. one flag, to lie cherished iu every heart, to he defended hy
(■very hand I But it is of our future, not of the past or oven of the present,
thiit I would Hpi'iik, in the brief remnant of this address. It is not what wc
havtt Ix'en, or what we hare done, or even what wo are, that weighs on our
tliouKlits at this hour, even lo the point of oppressiveness ; but what, what
arc we to be ? What i^ to 1m) the character of a second century of Independ-
en<i' for America? What are to Iw its issues for ourselves? What are to l>c
its influences on umnkind at large? And what can we do, all powerless as
we are to pierce the clouds which rest upon the future, or to penetrate the
counsels of an overruling Providence — what can wc do to secure, these glori-
ous institutions of ours from decline and fall, that other generations may
enjoy what we now enjoy, and that our lilierty may indeed he 'a liberty to
that only which is good, Just, and honest,' — 'a liberty enlightening the
world?'

* . • * • •

" Let me not exaggerate our dangers, or dash the full joy of this occasion,
hy -■'UKgysting too strongly that there may be poison in our cup. But I must
lie pardone<l, as one of n post generation, for dealing with old-faBhione<l
counsels in oid-fosbioned phrases. Profound dissertations on the nature of
goverrinient, metiiphysii'al speculations on the true theory of civil lilierty,
siieiititii- (liNseetiona of the machinery of our own potllical system, even were
I capable of them, would be as inappropriate as they would lie worthless.
70

THK VORKTtnrX CEXTEXNIAL.

(VMHa*.plMr prtMlph* antl »-iin w W.BM BMSlaa. »Wcfc li« wHlua tb*

■BWfwIilMlua of Itw rUMtvB Id cmi Kboob. «r a< tha rfwi^i il and Umi
rnllNrmf RMK nr WMnnn Who wMAk « h^anrrw vbafAMk aetdle. -T1l#
tnr i4 thft I»n1 miiat Mill ihkI «tct Im tht bairtBBlfV of o«r «iadoa. OmI
*tMrflrn<-r ut Ilia cMnmandnwnU tlwr ml* of vut livw. Crina mmt wtt ^
■npnnUhnl, and tU* mtuH lir ■ttgm«tiSMl siMl rvlnbil «• vkt.

• ■ » ■ ■

" (Hll«« Md timw anm nudto prmMtm tar kII UuI nUtM M cittai aari
luana. BIjUm, wblrli •till Nwl alwftyji lnT« OdIIw. «Uvb Vtill »s4 klwaj*
have ncliU, uitMl prarBlr for mil tlul jaaUy rttUlw lu SutM. And the gev
»r«i KOTfTvaiml at the Undin niiMi ^surciMi lu fmnmaaat mattuMitj vrnr
nftjiMttg rrf itoHMMfr vr tvn^ iatanM irbhsk emnw wicliiB llw splwrB of
Urn n.ii«iiiiifi.msl rMitiol. Ctrll mttIm mum bi nlar— J ttowUaM ant
«|>p<iliiliw>iiU, «■ Burkp aaltt, murt h« tiut4«, ' ■• u> * ■amd tnnrtlaa aitd Dot ,
M tnn ptlllHl inh. TTw drrflrn franrhbw! muU lir trrtuTwhrrc {truUirtFit.
l*itMlrrmlli mnal br tiuMiiuinrtl In ifit^. BUtr. sad usUon.M *refTMctUbw.
Ilf>lllwr»|{uM uMiiallTrrmrrcncy.nof both coojoiaed — bcIUnt mooo-mttaW
Iknu iKir Id^iPtalliMiM — iMn fnrtii any anbaiitute for the hrmealj and icood
fallh Whlrh uc Ibc baali ii( aa i-otlurin( pnbltc 4dvdH. Oar tnili-prnilenl
)aiUd«l ayatcui. with all the rigbM and datin of Um faty-box. mtmt be
rmpMiivil and aph*-l(L The mmj ai»d tbe oavj niaat be adequatelv main-
lainMl taw lb* dafanac nl oair roaau and romim^n-e and bunndarlea. and the
rnllItU not naglactad for ilomMiUr rxigrni-ia ; Imt pean, al hocne and abroad,
ninat Rtill and erer be the aim and end of all our ptvparationd ftir war. Abare
•11, the Union — U» I'nhMi 'In apjr event,* as Wanhlnffton aaid — ntul be
prHaarvMl.

" But lot u« add al itiK«, that, wlUt a vhiw to all ll>»««i nmlii, and m» lh»
lodbpenanble menoa of proiuotlng and •M.-uring llMrm a]l, iinirpraal rduca>
tlon, wWhniI dlatinetloB of raoe, miar be enDoanced, aided and eoJotved.
Tha riwilTa tnnehisa t«a nem be taken awaj from maj of tboae lo wtaon
It bai onn> tw*n inant*i]. Imt we onn and Wiut make edavation co-exienalv?
wllli lhii iilr^Mrr fraJK'h)*!', aiiil lb mut be done wltbuul dirlaj-, an a uienautv
ol M<lf>4lc(»nAC. and witli ttic |{4>neral ooi^erailon of tb« anihorltitM and of tbr
|M!vp|i3 of tbo wliule L-oanlry. Oan-lulf of onr country durinjt tli<- lut u-n or
(iritHin jrcara biia Imtm itixtiuMl for the flnl tlmv lo the IntrtMliirtloii anil fiitatt-
llMhim'iil of trm- rvtniuoii m-IkhiIk. and tbrrf !• not wmlib eDuu^b at [irvMnT
III Uiat n';(l(in Id pn>t'lil>t for tliin ((roat nnccaaity. Two million* of ddldrf-ti
wlllitiul Ihr iiH-aiiM of iuatnittlon wan tbi- c»llinat« of the 1at« tir. 8ran tii
IK7W. £Trr; yoar brlnKs anolhpr loataltinent of brutal Itcnamice to the polls
to )tr thtaiibjwt or<-aii>li;iHi>ni.deoa|ittoii,corT<i|>tloB,or Inliioldatlou. Her«,
bcfc Id oar KTititntt danger for thr Ititiiro. Ttit' word» of our tati? lutnrntml
ProNbknt, In hla inniigural, covao to ua lo-(lay with r«dontilMl i-mpliasiii from
Uiui iiiii'1u«mI grare on iIll> lake : 'All the L-anatllutloual |H>n-tT of iliv notion
and of i1m> Stataa, and all Ihr volunteer for«M of tbi.- iwuplH, »bould be sum-
nionwl to iitrM Ihli ilmiitor by tho savinK inftnrncr of imlvnntal nliK-alion.*
No ilruriitlit or Rouil ur i-unfla^ratloD, no Bnccession of drongliCo or HooiIk or
roiiriaKriilloiw, laii l>e wodlMMroiiA to our malcrtal weal ih nathb periodical
lilting. iIm<w< HiiitHal intindnttonaor iKiiorancu, to uiir momi and pulUlfal wel-
(arr. Kvery year, i-rery dajr, of delnj tncreuara Uie difllriilly of inM-linp; Ihf

OCR FBENCn ALLIES.

■langvr. 8lHverjr U tml. luiK nli»n»licil, f'lu&iiiijiHlloii in hi it liaU ii'miplt^tt'il.
while mlllloiia nl rt«ci:i«ii Willi volwt In tJiiilr linn d^ are loU witliuui f<luc»-
lion. Jiintict. 10 ttium. tlio wuKarr o( tli« S*amii In whi«h lh*.v live, the
Hafrly of iln- wholn republic, tlii< ilijpiiijr «>f llii- tilitrtive liauililse, ulikr
ilrtimnil Hint till.- fibill n-maiDing liontlit of Igiiurani.'- «1ik1l )i^ iinlriosctl and
lirnhcn. nn4 till* mtndH iuiir«IL OS tlie btxIlM of th<- FiiiiinH|ia1«il k" tt&-'. 1
know w]i<-r»ur I ii|ieak; anil liav« i-ertaiuly kIvcd liino enough, nnil UivurIiI
tiiLuii|;1i, ti) the mibjj-i-t, for timrlrHiri j-i'iim piml. in iity r«liition« to a IH'i'Mt
S»iitlii-m Ini4l, to k'lirn, at lon»t. wliat Xhai tnint linn alnnt-. what It ran ilu,
iin<l wliat it cHniioi ilo. Ii liaa tn'un tliUH (or a» a vok-e iTyinn in tlw wlldvi-
iiew — cttllinB on tlw pvople of llie Soiiih to underiakf; tlie gri-al wurk for
tliiriiuielvfii, mill pn^imrinic Uin w«y for iU Kliionuiful pto«i'ttitloii . It may bi:
luokoil Itai'k upon, one of tln-m^ day^. if nAl miw, tu ihA lit.tln Icavi'D whlrb
lia» lejivont^ the whole lump. But (hi> wholp lump iniiKt he kncailoO uuil
ijiolded »n<l worked ovor with nueeaalitR acUvhy and energy, by every town,
vilUiKV mid dintrict, tor tlacK, or Ihuri.' will hrj no "iiftU-iL-iit Urund for th« liun-
j(ry at)d fftmlshed Tnaanen. And theri> imist Ix* nidn and approprlAtloTiK and
undowiiientH by cltk'a nod at»l«!(, ami by the natiun at large. Ilirmig]) tt« pilb>
lie landH, it in no tithfr waj-. and to an amount oDtniiarttd with which Ihu
Kift of r.irorin; I'enhody — iniinffli-eiit «!■ il wat for iin Indivldniil hcTi'-faflor —
U huL n* thv aniiill diiat ot thi.i balnnrw. tt in ll»>ir rinp of tho }(Ti'»t H^btN of
a free jieople to \» i>diitat«d anrl trnin^-d up from cbildhoad to that aliillty to
SOTcrn ttieniHelvi'A wblfh Ik the largeai elomenl In n^piihlKan Mrlf-Kort^rn-
iiient, and wtllioiil wlikli ull Hrlf-icovvmuK-ut nniat Iw a failure iiiid a fuTVV,
licrr aiulorRr>*w]ir>rr! It ia, indxril, primarily, a right of onr rhltdri'n, and
they an* nnl able to enforce and vindicate It l6r tlirmaelveM. Bni let (ih
lu'ware of Bubjt^tinjt «ura«lvwi to the ini'lTable r<'prniu-h of roblung tlievkjl-
dreii of thpir liri:-ud and uiutlng il hvforc tHagf, by wa-tiiig uiiiobi millions on
•-orrnpt. or extravagant iirojecla. and Htarvliig our coiumoti tu'liools. The
whole lield of the Cninii !> now»prn tn rdnrntion. and tlin wIihIr fl«iicl of Lin;
L'nion must In- oi'i'iipted. fr^r go v^'rn intone/ niii»t Hinnd or fall with frv«
m-huolK. TIiL'tK), und ihcHc aloiiv, mn supply ttic Drin fouudailDn.and that
lonnilatiiTiu must ni tIdH very moment lie extended uud Hir>'iij{(heiked and
rendered Iniiuovablt- and i mli.vLrui-liblt-, like thai of itin giHHutir olx'tliiik at
Wiwihington'. if the lioanted fahrio of liberty, for wldeh t)itt> victory <-leared
tliu ground, l* not lu sutlle and lijtt«r and L-rumldu!

■ • • B •

" Kfllow.illiRenaor Ihe L'ntt«d fJtHl*^ — eilixcuaor tlir old Thirl*-eii of the
UrvotiUion. unit eilinens of tlve new Twftiity-flvis wliiMe stnrn un- now glft-
tvriiiu with Tiu inferior bmlre in our gtortouH galaxy — ye«, and cllizenti of t lie
■till Dthvr Stale* which I dart' not attempt to nuni)M-r. but wlileh are denlined
ttt DO iliftani j'lerliHl lu lie evolved Croiu our liii]M-rial Tesim and ti-rritorixH —
I ball yon alt ita brotht-rH Eo-ilay, ainl lall npim you all. on yon KHlvanL-e In
MieocMtive ttL-ueratloim, to itliinil laHt tn lUe faith of the fiiitiLTH, amt to nphnlil
und luulntjiin nnlinpuin.-d ibe inntelileits iusiluicluns uldch are now ont».
' Vuii are thi- lulvHiu'ed );iiiitd iif the liuiiiau no'e; yuu liavi* llif fotiiTe of lliv
worhl,' nald Mme. de .Stio-I lo a di.tlingniiilii-Hl Ami-riran, rt-falliiig with |ii4dn

wliai Prai Iiud ili<n>< fnr ua iit VorkUiwii. I.<'t iia lift ouraelvea to a [nil

u'Uao of aiii'h a riMpnn«lbilicy for the progre&v of fived'iu, in otlie-r hindi
an well B» in our ou ti. It iit not onra lo Intervene fiir the redri-Kn ol grlev-
Ant'm, or for iIk- •-^lalilUhmeut of IndriMMideiiec^ riM-wlieiv, im Franrv did

^&6

THE YOBKTOWS CBNTEKNIAL.

Iitiru, with fle«t(i aiid unuWii. But we L-nii, uul oiiud, liitorven^ — Miit «■•
(UV iulvrvviiluCt (luil>- nriil hnurl.v, (at Imhtrr iir wnnte — 1>>- tlir InHnvlti-c mBtt
Uio force of otir rkaniiilr<. Nnxt, crnninlj-, t« prninoMnf; lh«^ ^t«M««I com! of
Uie ifrmutst nuialwr ut huiuc, the supri'tiic misniDii of our ruuiiUr Is to hold
up Uiftjro thn ejw of oil niunkliid a pmcllral, well-reBiiIaieJ, suwwulul «j>»-
triii nt Tret!. «-oR»lUutl<ii»tl tioveriuiteui. jiun-ly ntlitiitibttt-rtil atirl loyally aiip-
porKMl — civlnKnA^uriuioi'ikiiil (urmMnn proof IIiHt tnif liliurty la not Inconi-
jiatiblo with tlit- tiiHiiilrnan<-c oi ortier, wlili ubcilffncr to law, itii>l wflh a
Idfty Htnnilanl of polllloal aud tioclal vUtuv. Erery fitiluriK InTr, rvny
•Ic^frae of failure linrn, lhtutii;h iiiauliurdiunUon or dUi^ord. through drtiionl-
Ixnttnn, comifiUon, ori^riinr'. ctirowslmck tlii-<~MtiHf! of frM-doiii evcrywburr,
iiud prevL'iiU' our cotinlry iw a warniDtt, iiwivad of a* uii u(u.'«niratf«Pi«al. ("
till) IUkthI trndendes of other (juvern ineolti and Olber Iniida. W« cnimol
«iu.-ii]>(t from Ihv reaiiouRlliillly of Uiiii ifit^al iiilur\'«DLlou uf Aifi«rk^n rsiim-
j^lf, mid it iiivoU'4'^ tkoihiiig IrxH tliun tJic httjM-, or thr di'«|>uir, of the agM-
l^!t a» MlrlvL', tliiMi, to uUI and Rdvance Urn lilK'rty ot tlio world tu iliu only
iLiglihuatv tvay In our power — liy puirloilc fldtdlty aiid diivotlon iti upiiold-
liii;, illu.tiratiuK -jud lutorulntf our uwu frui- iii«titutiwiu>. There In no lliidt tu
imr pr(nipi'rity nnil wrifiiri-, il m>: nri' Iriir to tlio»i> itoitiliiliuuii. We liavc
nothing now to fear dxctpt froni oiintLdrtM. Tlioro iw no l>oumlary linn fur
M'paruUng us, without cordotis ol cuKtom-boiutoB and suriaons ot etainliiit:
aiiitii-H, "liifli wmild iIihukv thf whole (liurKctvr of ibois InBtltiitlona. \Vr
»ni onn by tbc nonfl^raliun ut niitiirr niid by Ihi; xtrnng iinim-ji.i of alt —
incKtrioably intertwined by tJie lay of our land, the run ot our rivers, tlw
rbaln o( our tatioit, and (be Iroii net-work of onr (tosbIuk aud rcrroeHintt and
fvvi inulliplyliiK and »llH mlvandnjt triu'ks of InwU- and Iravel, We are our
tty tli(- nmniorirji of our tnlSir-rn. \Vf arw one by ibn linpitit of our c^bildten.
Wc- lue ono by h Conntitution and a ruion whtcb bare not only surrirod the
shock of for«l(iu and of civil war. but have nbood tb« abt^jauco of aliuo&t all
adnilnlBCration, while the wbolo pvopk> were wailingbrcDtbless, in ull<'riial>-
hope and ("Rr, for the ifwar* of an execrable crime- Wo arc om-, Imniiil
lo|;t.'lhvr afrrab by tbe I'lectrie cbords of aynpalhy and sorrow, vibrating and
thrllllnj; day by dny of tbe tlveloni; STitnnx-r tbroujcb vvcry on^^ of our
beartu lor our biwvly woundotl and hrarel.v riiifTiTiuu I'n.'iildi'Ut. brlnjilnK us
hII down on niir knceN togntlii^r In rnmmon stippllaralionii for hi* lifu, and
iDvolvIng iiM nil at lost fn a eominon flood ot grief at bit di.-uth! 1 darv not
llnet^r ainid scenes like theje, on lliat itn-at aftlktioii, wbii-h baa oililrHl.
iudwil, ■ another hallowH innui- to lb« histOTk-al inbvrilant-e of "ur nimbllc,'
but wbii'b hiiK thrown n )iBtl of rU'epent tragedy upon th" tnllinR curtain iil
our firnt ccnIiiTy. Oh, kt not Ita inttut'iiiOM be lost iipuu us for ibu c«nlury^
to rouic, but ifjt im be one, henceforth and atwayH, In mutual renanl, i'oncUla-
tion.aud iidi'iitiuii.

"*fJu on, band in Itaiul, Oh Slates, ue.vnr to In) dlnunilRilI Itr tbr> prnbie
and thfl boroii' song nf all ptwlrriiy! .loin your invinri bin might to do worthy
and (>odlikcdL'V(U! And Ihttn '— Uut I will not a<bl, as John Milton aildvd.
In cbmliii; his iuiinltable appeal on rvtoiiuatlou iu EuxlAud, two L'eutnrlcs and
a half itgu — 'A cleaviEiif oiinH- be tiiic iobt!rlta.ui'« Iu all |{r^niTnltouH wbo xot-kii
t>i bn^iik your Union! ' No unnibininii nball iv>rH|K- my lipa 0:1 MiIa ioi»pi< ions
[lay- I'el tne ruthcr tiiv<ikv, an I devouily and (errently do, tbe cbalteni aud
rl('bi»t bIfSHlngsof beavon on ihoso uhk> Hliall do most, in all lime to ntiue.
(i) iin-xerve our Imi1uv«n1 voiintry In unity, p«uMi«, and cuncunl! "

OUR ritENCH ALLIES

S57

I

Til lii!> ilt-livfr^', the orator wiui frAc)uenLl]- inlerniptcd bv lu'urly
n|>|iL)ii?i.\ iiiitl tliL- L-lui|ucnl pcTornt ion wha followisl by cbc«rs and
iiiIht (IcninnMnilions of gralincnliitn fpom the thmng nf liitt«ners.

The Presiilriit'tt nddrprnt wno p^f-toil with liearly npfilauw. The
ri'j'jKHisi'* c»r ilim French unci (ItTnian Fpcakt-Ta drt'w from llic «uJi-
iMico wnrni lokciiK of approhiiliou. AIUt Uh- niMroM.'Hii, >i iipirited
'* CepU-niiiaHWtf," writleu by I'aul H- Hnyne, uf Soiilli CHruliim,
wus ri'ii'lcri'd by it clivru», undvr I'rul('FM>r .Seif;*']. Jl vhhk of tlic
sinigtjie " n^ Tiliiii of l(«i«," of (lie lM)Ut (ie Grni**«, wlio " kcjit iil
Imiv lliL- bluff bitlWogs of firnvej*," nf iht? " uioniin^ suiiorb wlicti
ihi? diogo i\'ai-lir(l Us close," iu "triumph Iranscciidenl," nnd llu-ii, —

" Whuii Pgrcp Iu tier own timed the pulio af thn ]an<i.

Ami Che war woii(ii>u ^utik rruin tUt< witr-wr'arliil liaiiil,
Vmiiix Fr<!r(latii uiiliortic [i> l\n' h<'iitlit uf thr Koul
Sh<^ UokI ycnrncil U*t m> Ionic with iti'cp trikv«il of Aotll,
A sunic uf lliv fiiliin- raisKtl IlirilLiuii uml tltrar,
Till the vtikhW It-tini^ to UurkiMi, tliv hill olujivfi l« h^iu,
^>t rmii):]it with nil mA)fl(-iil)n'>'ti>ii'<'r« lhiii.K'<'ttiii
Oil IIr- iK^to'fl liiKh ItuiM-, ar thti pntrlut'ii dritftm,
^VllHt fiitnn:, ttivuith lfri|;hr, iu (.-vlil shuilow shull C4U>I
Till- «liTn IbPHiily thfvt )ialni'« titr ttrow of thi' pnMf
Oh! WKiMfd In love, oa imiUiil In fHiiic.
See lli«! »tsn<lur<l which atain fiiitn the xturllKhl tlK tliimi^
Anil lypc of nit chivnlry, k'"'*'! ruiimuci;,
Tlie fnlr IIIIm, tb« luiniautiit tlll«« ut Fmiiw."

AIUt till' mle fmno r song, '• Got! save our Pirwdpiil from hiinii."
'J'lie ftnifi Mil* rotloWL'iL by a ■' ('eHH.-nniiiI I'urm," wrilti-ii awl n-ail
by .Tame-* UniTi'ii I[o|ic. editor uf tlio " Norfolk. (Va.) I*aiidiiilirk."
It tiiii»1ti,-i*i-il iil«nit iwfllvc hunilretl liiit'!'. niid wiis replelo with hiii*
toric fle!)<-ri)ilioii8. It vln^c'l with iIib foUowing stanzas :

"THK Hoirn ix THit unox.

An aoi'lenL CbronhU' has t^Id
That, in thi:i Imiiuus days ot old

InAtttioch under ftmn ml

I'bn Mlt•«aIn^ luire wtwi li>iin<l~

t^nhitleii hj- iromwitTo mst—
Tilt! liLiii-n thi> llriiuan solilk-r ilirusi

In Cubist's bare «J(lt> upun thr Tree-.

And thai It bronglit

A uild'hty ujH'lL

Ti> IllLH)' wh« tnllght

Till- Inftil.l

Ami tiilghty vli-tory.

558

THE YORKTOWN CENTENNLAL.

Atlil «') iIiIk cliiy
To >un I tny—
fipnaklng (nr inUllnnB of rriie Sonlhirm men—
III uonU that hitvo no utjiluruiw—
I *ny. HHil «iy ftiiain:

SbmiUI r.hm Ki-piiMlc i>vit Mght,

Uy liiml. nr »uii,
for prwwiiit Ikw, or guirti-nt rinht

Thi>H«viitL will \»r

Ah ttoh that lanro,

Allicit not round

Mill ntHlrr (fniuDil
ilul in th<f (on-froDt of Mio Kist wlvftliret

'Twill lly u iieiiuoii fair

A* vvvt kiniwil ihu air.

On it, for rvpty glanuo.

Shall tilazr Mnjtyiltv Praiic*

Blent with <iur Ilnrti*H ntinie

til I'vi^rliLslinif fliiuic.

Anil wTitti'ii, fiiir in g'lM,

TIiIk leg^n-l on ilnrnlil:

Tflvi' 11.4 1>iuk ilif tltti (iJ Vorklowiit

I'criHli nil Mir mvili.TM hnttw!
Far 11i<- mttitx nf tli« Uiik>ii

Ift [Jw siifety or ttie Stnteii! "

I III-: IIHITISII »I.Ali Tl« UK SAI.ITKIl.

At Ihis »[«)((■ iif llic c-xrrcinfj*, a i«-£-iii; tm-rurreii, wIih-Ii liv l\\(*m
whu wiuiciM(.-il it will DCTOr be ftirgoUeu. Secretary Blaiue ruoe,
mid in u voive distiticlly liciinl liy llic timltitiule, road the ftillowiug
yinler ;

" In r«vo);i>ltluii <if lliv fri^indly nltitluus su Ion}; anil so ]ui)ipl1y wilMlsIlnif
lintwcin 4}ri-ul Itrltniti iiml tin- IlitiU'ii St»t<-a, in tli(! tnmt am) ('ont1<l«nc-e ol
poate nnil cdod-wiH XiMwcon the two countries for nil ilm ccntnrtw lo coim',
iltld cH|i<;«-ial1y ub a uuirk of tho profouml rcL§iw4.'t ontvrtuinetl by thu Atni'rk-un
|ii'0]ile fur l]iv iLlusrriuuit aovcru'lfin and uruL'touo laOy wlin alt« upon th« Brtt-
bli llirouc, It i* liRridt.v onI<<t«il Itiul itt ihr- i-lint' nt tlt»n tcirviceii, i'utuiu>-iau>
rativo of tlir valor anrl luc'tcitN u( uur fi>t<f«tlii-r9in their jiatriotiu ntrnK;cl'r for
inilependvDi^ti. the KritUli Ahk Ahull Ix* nalnltvt t>y tliu forces of tlii' anny ami
navy of thi< Uultol StateH now m Vorktowti. Tltr Secretary ul War antl llie
Sw'ri'tary nf iIjh Niivy will u'*'* "riti-m lUH'utilhtKly-

•■CHESTEK A. ARTHl'lt.
-'By the Pn*lili-tit,

" jAWai ti. Blaikk, SMiff^lNry of Htatv."

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 559

Tilt; jiiTsomil iiitcfvat hIiowii by Queen VirtoHu iii the Into <if I'rcisi-
ileiil (inrtielil, imd llie tcinlor, (»is»h'rly (■<tinimiiiicHlioii» iiddrpsseil t(i
liis herenvc'il wife, liai:! iirepared the jwojile of tlie Vnilcil States to
i-eocive with MHtisfaotinii the proniiilgatinn of siirh an oriler. On Ihp
ground, in tlie hoarta of the nuiltitnde. ii sympathetic cliord was
lonohed, and when Secretary lilaiiie ceased rcailinjr, the enthusiasm
of the assembly burst forth with unrestrained force, Iltiiids were
clapped, handkerchiefs and hats wen: waived, and jn-otracted stento-
rian hnzzas rent the air. In that moment, national animosities were
forgotten, and the centennial oomincmoration of tlic surrender of
Yorktown became to each one present the snnple recognition of a
historical fact, divested of power to perpetuate alienation between two
grt!at nations.

So far as at present advised, the idea of saluting the Briti.ih flag
at the conehision of the ceremonies at Yorktown, originated with one
of the sons of Rhode Island, in New York. He suggested it to a
military friend, h member of the Rhode Island Sot^iety of the Cin-
cinnati, and shortly after, it appeared in a leading NewYork daily
paper. This military gciitlciium c-ommunicated the idea to Major-
Oencral AV, S. llaneuck, at Governor's Island. It met liis approval,
and wa.s coniniunicated to President Arthur by Mr. Lincoln, the Secre-
tary of War. The onler was given, and with a hearty good-will was
ola-yed to the letter.*

To his acting Adjutant-(ieneral. Major .\sa Biitl tiarduer, General
Hancock assigned the duty of itunoiuicing the order to the land and
naval forces at Yorktown. At five o'clock, i'. M., a signal for the
ceremony was made. As the British -and Aniericiiii flags were run
lip, the American officers stood with bowed heads uncovered, salutes
were fired, cheers were given, and a touching national courtesy to
Queen Victoria was rendered.

■The ildlngi of this n-Rternal act were received In KnglRTiil witli ovlilent fcrnttflcKllon.
Tlip " I.ondon Standard " piratantly noticed it as rolli>w!< :

"TUK YORKTOWN SAH'TK, TO TMK KN(iI.IS1l VI.Ali.

rolnmbia, dear. In fond dellfclil

We'll churlBh one another;
Sfllutlnfc Knftland'i banner brlKlit,

You've (inly kUfcd juur mollier."

\ ■

\

cnrmnnAU

Twotmm4t i» ll«Mrt»— ijWi. rtrli to amn,
AmihmaMmimt ii fiilii mi b< yw».
Tt4d lb« «Wd» ilofT in ita d«MhU |wta
Til «•* wW llTM in «w» ptat KaOaas' kc«rtB.
Aa4 IM* alOT* Old KifhMl'a BOM Md «■.

Tkrlorfa'* vnalli Uooma oa Ok rirmiim fcacaal
Of tdHjatfyoMtBlasivwaid aadreat,
A«d toa — < Ian twwiw two MlglT roaMt
y«v Treallw Bre la Asm aadytac Sowcts.*' *

An trtCTdirv In- DodworlK** band nf iJic TbinflKaih Bc^mcBi. oT
tin: Smi'muai liumrd of Um Siai« of New Turk. Irrniinated the cmUed-
aiid rserciMK M tlu grmoi mmuA. A reegdJon in I.Afii,v«a« Hall,
twM b^ tVntdcot Anlnir. bUuwisrf. ImniMEaldT afU-r. arrum-
fnoicd hy awnbcfa oT lii* cabinet, tbv Fmicb Miui»lcr. ma^ ttibrr
diaiin|cui*lMMi piciaU, bv Ttnled the miUtanr encatnptnent. A bainl
eoruvrl al tbr mIc of liif immiimrtil, and aitolht'j- at tbr military
raiiipa, a p%Tot«rbnir i)ic|iUv rni the. YoA rircr. aud a prumriiadc-
eoDort and bop al LafurHl^ Hall, lermioated tb« fe^tiritict'' of W«l-
nraday.

MILrTAKT AJtO KAVAt. BSVIEWd.

It liad bucii itilvudvil lu dvvulc Tburadajr to a prsml militarv
iwii'MT, and 1" r-luM- llir f-iimmKiiKimlivv triereifra op Kridnjr witb a
irntnl review, iu tbc harlmr, br the Crasi'lvat of tlie l*nit«d Slatoe,
niid M-itli oserriwM of tbc 6cct, oiider tlie command of Rear-Adnural
tt. 11. Wyiiiiiii. ]ri ordfr. liowcvor. to accommodate t\\e foreign
j^iicAtii, wlio liul rrign^«>l to be in Rirbiiioiid od ibat dar. In altrod
tbiin.' n rm-L-piioti and bnll, and who vel dcMirud to wiuii!«8 the
revivvrji, il wha derided tu hotd lK>tli on Thiir>diir. At ao rarlr
hour ofl ibc nioriiii)g nf that day, the niilitATT eiimmpment^ W(-n>
antir, At U-ti o'l-lork, 'J,'tOO iiit-ii nf the rank aod file werv m Itnu,
mid iviili <ivDvral [latiixick aud hh stnlF Hi tlii-ir bead. Ihcy cu«-
iiKiitf'd Uii'ir monOi. Tbe graud flaiid wiu> occtipii-d by IV^^idcui
Anliur. roembepi of hi? cabioc-t. mcnibem of congre»», goveruorfl of
tla* original thirt«vti S(Ht4», ll)« Frcoich AuibnMuiilor M. Outrey, tb«
VrwiM'Ii mid (icriiiaii giifnU, lii-m-rwl SIirriiiHii, AdJiitHnt-CoiH'ral
'rotriiiM-rMl, uiiil mntiy utb<-r difttinguiDhcd olliccr* mill civilians. Tbe

OUR FREKCn ALLIES.

561

p'Hto of iiiiirfh wHjt round llii- Ti-mplp fHrni. h distHiKv of a1)out lour
miles. Wheti itie head of 1I10 oulumn n*4i(-hprl tlip roviowiiig t^lantl,
<it.'(a*ral lliini-uck and liin ntntf fi'Il oui (if. ihc line, titamniitited. anti
joiiifrl llif IVwiderit'e |)iirtY, wliile tlie truops rauve<i onwnrd. S[i*-
eiftlly notu-fable were twi cuiupaiiii^ from S1.U11I) Cnniliun, rurn'ing tW
RliCaw flnjt of St-|ilt>mlmr Klli. I7M1 ; tin- Clitilliani I.iylil Artilterv, of
(l(M>rgin, olmrU-ntl ill 17W*l, liiiviii;i twu lnii.-!" twflvt-|m\iinltr guits,
(■flptiircfl Rl Yorlctown. in 1781, and prcM>nli-cl in the coinpftny bjr
H'HKliiiiiirloti ; • IV hripmlc of Vii-jririiH iroDps, nf the hi-arl nf whioli
rodf GviiiTiil Fitz IIii-;)) la'c, with a UtAy guard i>f fnrty rnviilry. iti^
Tvnx being Iironglil up by iwo colon-d {^iimpiintuc ; two Ifnlted Suites

hntt<>ri (>.■«, with fitiir j^uu* ■■-hc)i ; f iiin) l!ie tiir^- C'oiiiiei^linil rcfri-
nient. wliidi. uwiiig to iiiiNvrtidnldo dctfiition, did nut rcAch tliv tiold
iiiilil iiftiT ilif Hoc was til iiiolioti. wlien, JiiiH'tiii^' tin' hcml of \he
I'liliiEuii, it fiU'iI iifV ifi iIm- ivfir. iind Imtk ii.t pot^iiiori withmit i-niifii-
i<ioii. Till: Adroilnt'iui uf tlii! iuuvi.-iiirgjt i^iiiiii-d for the retrimeiU
henrly appluiiM*. Of ttie inHiiiH ivpreMriitin;; otii«r Stnlcs, n)ucb in

*l)ur ur tlii-H' tCUJii tVMi III I'.iiglUli Muiiiulni-tuii , null liuru iliv Bnitf biiiI uionofram ot
U«wrgc II . liiKr'1»r wltli u» Inictlptlon o( llii^ iiiijlut* It wai ma'lp t,; Utiplu. [n ItTA.
Tlie oiImt VI an at Frtncli urlj^D, mid »■«■ tnnilr hy \t<rrruiirr,nt blmitiDrjc, hi ITT't. It Im*
the Dour hai> i^iitt of ariii*. miil tM» l^llii iiiii^rlt-liuiOi vU. : "I'ltlma rallo rvfuiD." •nd
" Nrc I'tiirllinn tnipar." Ri'iwM-n tli* irunnloni an- n pair ur n«i-Iy nrroufilil limlilk dol-
phlo* for KaiKlltt. A wlilrtluR floud tymboIlM* a burMlnf ■tu-ll. I'urlnc tlir nrfrw i€f

llir cx>lu[i*iii llrml a aiilule vf r)n( Itutiilml kii>i>

I Itiic of the botC«'(h<», i>>niinniiili4 Ia i a|iialu Miidalr, niMrclin] txmo tort Ilninllluii,
Naw Vork. a itUlaim ot four (lundrrO amt icvvaly-teirD uillrt. In •bunt iwentr.ihrcc
lunrcliliix ila/f. Tliv rjHirr. n>iiiiiiniiilir>1 bi t'aplain A, I'. M. lIcinlngtOTi, laarrJinl rmm
Wathtnuioii, ■ ill>lanc« nf onp l>iiniln>il iinti ntiiHT At* mil**. In a lllll*' urrr tw«1ie day*,
vxcluika or l«a niiui1a)«, nhcu II n'*l(*il.

71

THR YOBTCTOWN CEITTEWNTAL.

ronimeii<liitioi) niiglil be »aiH. All ftppenred well. The marrhiug of
ihf eiilire coltimii wan «ii|>i^rl>, «iid divw from the I're^idenl, from
(iriHTnl ShpiTiiiiii. frmn AiljiilMUt-Gvneral Towawnd, from tlio liir-
eigti giicRU. HD(I from oiIhtc oo iIip »l*ud, i-xprewions of iinqiuJitlfrl
HdminilKiti. (^(-iix-rnl IlmH'ock cviileiitlv f**l( proiid of liist cnnimHiicl,
unci ill rliU iW'tiii*; li<> wrnt jitHtiticd. Nmt in ilidr iitiifurtii^ nutrunl
ill llieir Iwuriugs, utid ucurt in tlicir nioveiiieiilM, pickcil nwu from tUc
iTguUir nrmy <roiiM DCHnvly liuM- jijipearvd iti butUr advaniugo. A
lliroug uf ten tliuuMtnil sjn-clfltorit wm gmtillu^l. the only minuy«DCP
lifirif; linst. .IimI na tliv rear of tlie calliniM nachvd llit* »tHii(), Imo
r^ifuUr LHttcrifw wIii-m!h<I out uf lino, firt^'il ii Knlnli-. iind ihe nillitury

N

^

/A

m^--^mi^.'

TKk "Yu.l,ti Uli CAKIX," y'L.tliinU- <>t AI'MIHAL im tiBAMB.

pagcHnt at Ti-nipk Kiirm uiideil. The like, ou th«' miiih* spot, will
not be wiliii«ited npiiii iw oue htiiidn>d yearr.

In the ulU-ni'Miu. Cliv nnvnl n-vicw liHik \>\hvv in the prwriM-v nf
tfrowdd liuin^ iIjc liliiH's oltlit* rivw, tind ori-upyiug thv deck*> of iiuni-
})it1i:!»» nnfl iiiicljored in llii- Imi-liiir. An llii* IVmidfUll and hi«
)iKi-|y, ill a j-tvam yiirlit, (>a!«sc4l Croiii une of tlif I'ttilfd Static vcs-
MfU iji iinDtlit-r. (hi- Miil^ »t' t-iti-li witi' niitiirlci] (ind fiirlt>il n^iii. lb?
vi»rd« wcro iimiiuH. smUiWr of twenlynnw giius w»-lv Rri'il. Aud with

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

5fiS

Ihi5 ufivnl iliifptMr, lirilliaiil ji> lliai iil' tlic iiKiriiing. rlrwcti tlio iialiounl
cvnteiiaittl comiDciiiontlioit tif tlir KtirrorMlvr <if Yurklnwn bv Lord
C*(H'iiwa]lii< — til*" iin^tnoiiilinii of ii iiitltuii'r' Idpili.

"So uhvhI bcvik;, i:-(|iiiilly cxtriling, hud \yevu viinesavi} \iy tbe citi-
zens of y<>rkl«»wii diiipp llio flwl ul' Adniinil i\v Ctrastn* roiitrnlled tbe
CltfMipi-iike Uny, tiiul roopnl tip the BritivH ii()iiH«lr[iii mi llie n'Htcra
of Vork rivvr.

Tliiir.'idnT evoiiin;;, us enrly Ait «tx o'duck, lb« rtteamera, iiioliicliiig
IfiL' Kr<'nrJi Nliipfl ••Mnpciejiup " and t lie " T>nTHfmf d'Or^'illp," bear-
ing [)if I'nwideiil iLiid till' nuiiimHi ^ici^M had taken their dt^pnrlure.
Hv TiiPRdiir night, Orlnh<>r 2Im, moxt of th(^ 8tcnmera and mailing ve9-
seh, tlutt had ^ivcti life to Ibp bttrtior, were go\w, and tbc river in
front ijf the 14IWII bud ivHiinicd itii [i4)rniiil condilioti . At the Temple
Ftinu, little iviiminvd tu rutniud thv vlsitur of lht> QiHrtial ditipluy of
Tliiirvdiiv. . Mu)m;uii)!> of i-iiriuttitit;» vrvrv vlufcd. the Jiiiineron^
Hinuveiiii'iitn were no Igiiger fiiniished, wivypide tratfie had ended,
moiiiiti'liHnk iMileflnien witli llieir mnrvellnnn riirativec, primitive lip-
carlo and n'Mf^iiin, laden ivilli il.'li;jliteii familie* uf tin" Afririiii race,
nrrnyed in tboJr best, drawn by itturdy bt>vii>e!i in place nf horBe«,
and " flitlen to do cnmp lo ace Oen'ral Ilnneork and i\e AOgcnt," lh«
negro taw liirget, at wbieh three rnbl>er balU were permitted to be
ihrowti " for the f«ninll mini nf bnlf a dime." and (i(!nr>'5 nf other
uovi-llie.o, biul dixnppeHnnl. The •=lrcel.« nf the rpminl old vill»;p>, io
reveiilly reMOiinditig witli rliv nuirrimuiii of liiUu-ioii;* atmii^crs, had
usBiimed the qni(;tiit>e» of a p<uburbuu uoimmuiity. Xotliing \mi dust
remained, and nf thai element there iviis an ample -xtipply.

l>»riiij; the eomniemointion, llie Mnore Ilnni'e where tbe Marqniti
and MarqniHe de Huehnmhentt npeiil ii nij^bt ti» the ilelighted f^ie^lH
of Profesfior Cbarlier and ("olcinel T. K. Paytmi, the Cave of C-oru-
walliia, tbu NuitiU'ri MaDsion, the onginiil Ciixtum IIiniKe, (uiid to h«
one of the eariieil, if not tbc fir«l, erected in tbe thirteen rnlouiefl,)
the ancient Kpi:*fnpa] ("'bnrob. bnill in 1700. the tombs of ilu- Nel-
aons near by. the rcmnins ot' the forlifieation* of I7ftl. and of thoflt:
of more recent date, and eight hronxe caniinn tnkeii at the siege, were
objects of special iiitcrert to rUrnngsre. Jlany reliej* of the revolu-
tionary period were exhibited. Benide* the Kuord, upanlctn, cpnrs
and gturus of LieuCvnant-ColtniuI Tilglimuu, worn by bis grusl-
l/nindfi'it, Colonel OMwnld Tilgbman, and ^leeve-hnttonR. niudc from
lbo»e lukeii from his military eoaC, iiumerutiB memi.-nlo»^ uf (leneral

RCA

THE TOI

(Governor) NelMn, iiri-iicil hy a (Icei-eiiditnl , w#rv tliBpUreJ in
Lafajctte Unll, fintl ntlrnctf?d niiu'h nttetitioD. On h*Mn\ the
" KxccUior," CJi-'tivnil K'jgvnf. it tK-MTiiiUiil i>r W«j>liiii(?ioti. fxJiib-
tttnl iiuiiiidiirt.' |)cnirnit)', imiiilt^l wi iv<irv."l' W«fliiii(fton. of MnrlIiA.
liM wifp, aiiit uf iivtHiiv Wiii«hii))i1<iti I^rkr C'i>«li>*. the (it-ntral H
A(lo|itcrl jinij. Tlie«- wen- |»iiii(eil h_v A Indv, uot iiiiich known to
funic, mill ni-fi not im-iitimM^d in tiny account of llic frnnilr pntlmil'*
thnt I liA^v M-cii. Mr hImi .showed gt>\i\ fl\t'ex,v nml rollnr biiituiui
wuri) by ibi? (ictiiTiiI, rhc i-()iii|in>'!i unnI by liiin in )w siirvcyi in
Wi'sictii K'un^ylvniiiii. while •■ «iriiiii;i ii g^joil tloiiblooii uvery day,"
unil n piiir of bm-kskin glovt-s. Tlicse last were in » good iftuti* uf
prc«fnalioii, but jud^fiog from llieir eixe. by avtua) trial, (he IimikU
of tbe General coubl nut bavi^ b«eu wi iiiiupiibUv larpre a» tradition htu
afRnned.

Rnnitf: lar.AMi RKfRni*E\TKi» at Tire CRTrresNiAi..

Ko oue of iltc origiiitil lliirleeii Stfllcs cDlen-t] more licartilr into
tlie spirh of tlii!!i coniTnoninrntioi) ibau did Khodc Ittland. tiovcmor
CharW C. Van Zandl <>xpri>.i.>M>d \\in mnlml approval nf tlie pinu,
and a^poiiiti-d GciiKrul Ilonitiu Kogurv a Sialif Coiuinissiuiier, to meet
uud act wilU the ('i»tumiBf»iontrn ot other States. Goventor Alfred
U. LitilctJLdd, tlie ^ucce^or of (loveruor Van Zandt. waa cquallr
prompt niid active iu mi:*asur«s to in«el the wiplim of th« Couimilto^
of Cnngrc!^. On the lOtb i\!ty nf Dti't-nilwr. I»H<I, acroniimiiifd by
Griieral Rogers, W iittj'iidrd «t ^Vu-ihiiiglou ii ntfeling of afticini rejv-
rt'stntativcs of tht^ several Stntrs and of Congrcas. for conference, and
botll were 8uti»vquifntU- uriwonrifd in thuir offnrI« to luttkc corlnin of
credit-nblp n'|in^f>ciitniinn Imm tin- Sinif. From I he imvpiion,
Ij«iilcnant-Gorernar Henry H. Fay. (liHirnian of the (.'oniuiilleo oii
ExfciitivL- Conuiiiiuic-HliiiiiH. look im active iuteresi in the miljiccl.
In II r(!|)orl uiade by biui to the (ieiii'ral AsKi-nildy, he urged il uf
*'inipcrntiv« thai Rhode l^lnnd should purlieiputv in tliis luBt of the
centcutun.1 ceWbrationc. " Her absence wnuM l>e couspiemms and
dtsei'edituble, mid would be ini'ou>>iMent with llie M'Dtiiut'ut? »i [>»Iri»
otiani and local pride wliieli |K<i'rade the mind* iW the iwople of the
State, The General A.tHeinblv wnrined nii iKp subject, aud to defray
the IHrCMsnry expenm-s ajipnipriated livt lb<nistiiirl dollars.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 565

PARTICIPANTS IN THE YORKTOWN TRIP-

His Exrellency Governor Alfre<l H. Littlefield, accompanied by his

wife.
General Horatio Rogers, State Commissioner.
Honorable Joshua M. Addeman, Secretary of State.

" John P. Sanbom, Speaker of the House of Representatives:

" Ciiarles H. Handy, Chairman Senate Military Committee.

" James David, Chairman House Military Committee.

Mr. A. H. Littlefield, Jr.

Brigadier-GcnQral Klisha H. Rhoiles, Commanding Brigade, R. I. M.
Lieutenant-Colonel Philip S. Cbase, Assistant Adjutant-General,

Brigade, R. I. M.
Brigadier-General C. Henry Alexander, Adjutant-General, R. I. M.
Liuutenant'Colonel William W. Douglas, Assintant Adjutant-Gen-
eral. R. I. M.
Brigiidier-tleneral Charles R. Dennis, Quartermaster-General,

R. I. M.
Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen W. Nickerson, Assistant Quartermaster-

Genenil, R. L M.
Brigailier-General Julin C. Budloug, Surgeon-Geueral, R. I. M.
Lieutenant-Colonel (ienrge L. (iower. Assistant Judge- Advocate,

R. I. M.
Colonel Henry A. Pierce. Aid-de-Camp,
Elien X. Littlefield,
Ciiarles H. Williams. ■' "

" Jolin F. Clark. "

■' E. Charles Francis, " "

" Julm C. Soabnry, " "

Three colored serrants.

The " Providence Journal " was i-epresented in the party by Mr.
Kdward I*. 'I'oMe. ami the '"Providence Press" by !Mr. Ansel D.
Nickerson.

The Governor's escort consisted of Company D, Captain Fred W.
Jenckes, and Company F, Captain Charles Rittmann, both of the
Second Biittnlion of Infantry. R. I. M. The field aiid stnfl' and
non-oominissioned stafi'-otlieers of this battalion were as futlows :

5eii

THB YORKTOWW CENTBSNTAU

Licuicttunl-CnloiM-l BeiiJHMiiu It, Mnrtiii, C'HHiiiiiHiiiIinx Hitttntion,
Ktrel Licutonanl W. Howunt Wwlktr. A<ljiUaMl,
*' " C)iftrli>i> S. DhvoI, (Jiiarlfrnm^lcr.

CliRrlcji B. MnllirwjioiK SurjieoD,
JoM'pli A. ElwfU, I*«ymHflli*r,
"' ** Burthuluuiow McSdU'v, ( 'itniiuii^Mrv «

'^ *' Williiiru A. Kniitti. Svif;c«til-MiOor,

- •' " Krecl. W. Arnolil. Ho^piUll StewaH.

The Ameriam Bdud,* of l^rovidunce, aecimiiMinieil llic escort, mdiI
by llie dupertnr ext^llenra of iu mnsic rL-poiwd (torn iidiitiring liitteit-
vrs fpi-i'jii] ciirimiiiini.a. The rntonr to the cwort u'lut Mr. JuMpb
K. Dispemi. of Puwiurkt-t.

Tlif fiilin- pnrly iiiimln'ri'd one hauilretl Hitd fitVy-«igli(. U left

PrfpviiJtfiitv by iIil- Ni-w Vork iini! Xew Kugland railnmd, Suiids/i
e%'eriii)g. Oi-l<iltvr UUIi. Al Buluiiiun- it rcivivvd t(u&|iitElili* tilt«D-<
tiuns from tlie Finii Mnrylnnd rcgimvul. PiirsulDg it« ruiitv l>y
water, llit^' HliixU- Ii^laiid rf|)n-wiilalivi.*» riiK'he<l tti? vncHiiipmeiit at
Yorktowii cm Tiiesday iiMirniny, i)cl«»lMT IHtli. Tlin-v dnys previ-
ously, Genera) Rogcra, C'<duiicl Ilciiry A. Pien-e, and a detail of
enlisted men prcfedfd tlicm and inadir nr^dfnl proparation;* for their
comfort. Tri llie euergy und zvh\ uf {'tdoDcl Picn-e. who made ■
visit to Vorklovrn at nii ejirlier ]wriod. to enmire successful prepara-
tion, tlie Khodt' I>'lai)d dt'K'Stt[i«iii \v«.h Iflrgely iudebted for Kudiug,
ilivir niiarti.T!' nil ready fur ihtir (.■omiiig. To Geuuralfl Bnnniy and
DeDtiis much eivdit vrue duo fur their servlcett in makiug uecessary
arrangements for the comfon of thv purty while tn-rvtUt and duringj

*'rhu lupinbrr* nl (lie limiiil wrre '
t>avl(I \V. Ittnoa, Lmilrr, llowrn K. I'liiirrli,

Wminmil, Alwlle*,
Kugnw A. HiMwarlli,

John W. CmMo,
CIHTt-niw H Couk.
Albm U<.-l*f ,
Eilwlri A.-SMlt,

•lull II t)n<Il4fr'l>i
■Ininr-t MH'iibp,
AllglKllJt ili-ririK,
Juhti IjHWrvlicv,

iVllllom*.'. llrlttou.
KtbtiB I). Ki-iij'oii,
l.ituii Najiulron llelxiiiji. ^rum Xitji'T.

BbiIiIp' tijv PniTlilfiiri? Amrdraii lUnd, tin*vii odipr bauili wm jirvKnt, vU. ! \i*t tlrll
Unllrd XlNtu* ATilllvTr; the Xurfh Carolina H^UIe; llilnl United )^IM»< ArtlUprjr; Colnm.
bIftfS. C) >ililrt-rl'oriiPl; *<fiiii<1 I'liiriit Stnlri Arlillf-n . flflh n>ffla3«Bt XujlBlUl N. (i. :
tenUi I'nlltd ^tal*'* Inraalrv ; Itrunrn'* IlrlgiiUv, Uoitun ; t'lillvd it^tvm Harln*, WMhlng •
toa; thirtl Brfrlmiriit. N«ir llAiep«lil» ; nm and onii Ucctsicni), Vatnont ^ dra Uast.
uifut, i:uiiiU<Yikut; Builuii t"»iJi't, nutlwurlh'*, New York; Wt«*iNi« legion LMroM.

I'nrrolJ. i'uIieOk

TlwaiM Donlflui,
ThomM Fooku.
.lolin Oilt-miati,
Iliuiklrt W. WheMvB,
Abiui W. n^trnxA,
iHMcW.bMjr,
Robert C. Spink.
BilnnI IL itaboock, Stt»ar4.

OUR FRENCH AIJ.tK3.

3(i7

tlieir »tuy at YorktowD. The ciiiup of Colonol Maniu'f ItHtUlitm
WM on or near thp spot (Kftipiwl hv Coluavl JwrciniHli OlKej"'" regi-
mtnt during tlie niegc of Vorklown in 17K], nnil Itiis f«ii miwl linvi'
I'ltllod ii|t jjiiti'iutic rL-miiiiBiiviK-cA of iIumc evontlul dtn>. 'Die well
arranged qiiHrlers, lli«> »il«nii(l«nt ^tupjilv m the Pf>minini-ai-T ili-pnn-
mciit. till' i>XH(-tru'(ui iti drill, niicl ><nlHii>rly limi-inK <>>' >!■'' Imtliilinii,
;;>tiiii:il tur it gohU'ti ojiiriiuiii' fnHii critical itlMvrverc. 'I'lic inter'
rtirtiigp of cniiruisiis- with laMglilwririj' iv«inH-iit8 was in vvt-ry rcHpecI
tiriitilyuig. It limy Ife uiviilinijvj. »;• un illuHtrnliuu nt' the Hpirit tbat
ilikttiiiiultnl tliriiiitfliviil llirt fii(-ani]imuiit, tliiit n pL-rntiatk' by tliv Pruvi«
ilence Anit-tti-xii hatxl. (-<mi|iliii]fiili4ry l<) ttu- ellirit^iit Hiwt^t-31aJor
L. C. Ktn-nytli. »( lln" ( jiiartwi mft»^«^■^ .itf[)«i-tmeut, I'uilei) Slatea itriuy,
fuiiDil A i*oiiiitvrp»rt iu a *iiiiilHr i:-uiiiplitiii.-iil to ftov«ruor Liltlefielfl
bv n Virfpiiii-i haiiil.

<>ii TburnHljiy iit'tt-nionii. Dftobi-r 21(I]i, imiiKtlititfly Hficr lln* imval
ilinpliiy niit[ national .^aliK)- 1>j tlic Dntiiili An^, itii.' Itiitlulion bmkf
I'aiiip, mid Hfl Dtil for liiimc. wlicre it iirrivi-il tm tin* following Satur-
fluy UHtmin^. (Ju lUa way. ii frw buurs witp pjh-uI in Italtiinuiv.
Mlicrv htglily upprceiatrd li>i!>}>jtiililift^ wlt<- ngsiii 'cu<ivn>i| by the
Firtli Marylaml reginuMit. Tin* trip oi' nenrly i»ix tlayf' duration
wu«. (u lilt' eiitiru i1'eU-|;al iui] . » m-iiMMi of iim)uulifi«(l enjoymenl-
lluw tfoiilil it hM%'i- bvt*!! '(tliwHise ? They liad inel and frateniiz**!
iimlrr tin- tlii^ u!" tin' I'niun, wilfi niilicary n'|>rc*(^iilalivc» of llit'
original tliirtt-on Stales. Thuy Imit iiiHi-clivil uwr llie |ii'(».slrale ram-
partfl of CWnwalliB. IV-y had visited the lionae where one hundrei!
years ln*furf lln' u-nii." i>f cHpiiulniiiHi weri' i«i|inii*<I. They liiid
cncAmpeti nn llii! tield wiuns in ihc piv^cnce of Wa.-«liingtot].
KoeliamlH'nu. lyHl'iiycHw, and iIk- pnin'ij)iil offiwrs of llie Ammcau
and I'lvneli ariuii-!!. netifvnl O'Hnrn. in tin.* name of Loifl Coniwal-
lis, »iii'ri'[nli Trii iIh- swi.rd uf tlinl (lenerHl iti (leneral LitU'nln. »nrl
where the British IriHip)i laid down tlivir iimu>. Tht^y lind flhaken
htilidn ti'llh llti- di-secndiiiitii of Itii'ii wlin fuijght. iturlh iilid nuutli. in
the principid ImtilL^ of tliL- Ki-voltilinij, They had rtL-i-ii and i>itlut«-d
the Tre»idcm i>f tin- I'nited .StHtefi. ihti -members of hid mbinel,
ambuiMudniii from ti^n-i^n i-nnrix. and n'presenlativeft nf thi- nyble
nllit!*. wln>, at a oriiicul jiincinru. mnn- m lUv i^ii|viiurl of ili« Aiia<ri-
can uruiH. TIikv laid luoke^l upon ihu ;^|K)( u|k>u which n ualioual
i-vmniL-nmrative niuni<nit.-iil Wfu> tuion to be erct-ieJ. They hud swu.
i»u tlw »»aleP' iif lUi" Yurk, vUK of till,' jfrsiidepl imv«l i-xliilMlinns

5fiS

SNTSNN'IAt,.

rcmnltsl in ARi(>rkitii bislHry. And Ihey lintl i>iiriiri[uup(l in an

imprvA-tivt' hci tif (-(iiirlrcv — hii (•xiin-wion iif niilioiml gnttd-nitl —
I'l oiM- wIhim- I'li^l lilt- niid donu'^tii- \irtui;t<' will fvcr eiidvHr li*fr
iKiUH' lo thv AiiieriPiiii (xiiplo. In n woikI. tliey hnil bcvii vv«r>'lliing
wurliiv uf iiulv, iiu «-uitUMltii>» IiH<l uri-uriv<I. Hiiil ii<itl>in|f Ui»\ tnkeii
|iliid.* ill (-iitiiji iir flcs-wiifiv III li-iiiK'r lliv itH-nlWliutii' "( YnrkUiwu

■ tlllvr tllNII ])l«HkUllt.

Till- »-iiU-iiilful iHfliitiifiiiOmtiiiii, uf H'liii-li till- |)ri-4-rtliii)£ iitvoiiilt i»
liiil III) oiiilim*. wii!* finxri'd tlinitij^li witli wfuiiiigly as few vexntioiiH t«
iIh' Hcvcnil x-uuiniiui'fH linvitij; it in r)inr^> nn i'i>ii1<l l>i' i-xpt'i-n-il iti it>n-
iliiL'Cti)<; iiu t-iiLLT()rL«- oi' Mirli niu'tiiitudf. Tin; vffvci uf ii Iihh lieeu
In t]iii('ktiii urid ntri-ii^^livn ii ilfvtiliun Id ilii' I'tiiou uf lliv Slntvii. uud
In ffnipni iiioiv Hrnily llif triciul^liiii of lW(t jtinvt-rrnl n'piililifji. Tlic
liiittury ul' llii- rtiiti'd .Slnlt'.t I'nim 1781 Ui 1*4HI ifudit ut> tin iult-ni^i-
tli'il ruiiiHiici*. Ill tliul pL-riml, ** ihi* pivpuiiiutij* uf ibv itfiitiuvul
hnvf Im'vii ivihict'il into svniiiielry, luiil iti" bunuillc:^^ rt-soiirw!* U-vn
iiiudt- lo pHV tribute iinl only lur tin- H<lvjiiK-«mi>iil of tW fwi>plf in
l>io»e c<iinE'(»rl« vrhicli rclim* Atid lOpvHte, wid mtkit up Iiu* delinitUm
of riviliwd life. Iiiil whicli go to "twell h nation'A givAtnfM aiid mark
ii8 fhiff jilory." • May ilie nt-xt liiindred ^-onra find lhi» ^jroftlneM
uiid {r)un' tttil) mlvaiicing.

■Uvvmuir HoUldttr.

XoiK.— To th«Kh«cle liland Midety of Ihr riaclnnall bHomc* tix- honor of •■ Inltfn

(l«r miiTcmoiit whlcli Ird I'onprcM tq pmt» ali nd buIIiofUIiih ilir I'rPildrDi at Ibr IliiUrd
ftitlci to liiiilc 11k KuvprnnK^iil ol Ilic l^nEli rrpubllc '*tn •*'iii) ■ xillMblv fvprcM Dint ion
IWini thr KrcDBh arm; and naTf to tlic crlrlinirioii nt Vnrkdiivn," Srt - yorilinfti llan-t
Root:." PI'- m-JJl.

VISIT

OF

The French Delegation

RHODE ISLAND,

OCTOBER :I0 — NOVEMBER 3,

leei.

72

THE FRKN'CII GUESTS IN NEWPORT.

18SI.

rllE'N il ln-'conii- ccrlaiu tlml ili* rcpublif of Frnnce would
cmid ivprt'seiiiativcs tu juiii iii the Yorktown rommcitiornlion, Gov-
enior I.ktlt'Relcl was iiutliorixRd by ilie General AseemUy lo invite
ibc tkli'gatiou to \ i»il Khuilv Inlaud, duriiig itc pnjouru ia the
l''Diti>d Sliitoj!, &» guc'slK of ilif Slule. This \k did. mid tlif invita-
tion was aweptinj. After llie rvveptioii given lo tbe foreign delcga*
tiuti in Kicliiiiund. it wh9 liancl»oniely recciwd iit Wnsbtiij^ou.
SubBC(|U(!iiUy, lli4> FrHiicli, Mtiil (trnniui tiK'nibftri) of it ^epnmted,
— the formor bending thfir »n»p« to New York, on iKcir way to
Newport, nud the latter, in a lilia] HpiriC. viNiifiig the griive uf their
brave auceator, the Baron do Steuben. Tben«r they journeyed oo to
Chii'ogo. tu Springfiiibl. Illinois. whLrf they stopped long ennngh to
visit the tomb and niunumcnl ut^ Frcitidcnt Lincoln, to Kt. I^ui?.
wbore ihey w«9rc (•nthiiRin.ttit-iilly riH-eived, and to other principal
pluui'8 in tbo great Wfat,

In accordance Mjth llii.- ruiwlulion pastwd by the General Anembly
HUthorizing tite Governor to invite the reprenentalfven of FrBoce to
vi»it Ilhode Ifbitid. Hij" Excellcuey appf)iii1r-d the ffillowitig named
ritixetiA as nirnilKTo of tli(> comniittei- to itMiiiH bim in entertaining
tb« gueMa ol' the State, viz. :

Hon. William P. Sheffield, of New-pc^n.

Lii-ult'»Hnt-( loveriior Kenry ]l. Fny, of Newport;,

Hon. Nathnnii-d Gi-cciie. of Mtddletowi],
•Davirl King, M. 1).. of Newport,

Henry E. Turner, M. I)., of Newport,

* David Kln(,.lr , wucubnqnMttJj appolaudl)! p\v» ol til« tkulirr, d«ii— mil.

5T2

rRENCH HDEfiTa IN RHODE ISLA3TD.

(ieorgtf Peabodv Wplraore. Enq., of Kcwporl.

Ex-Goveriior Williiim W. llnppin. of Providoiirf ,

Ex*GoTi'rnor Henn- Ijppiil. of Providtrnw;,

Ex-Gm'ornor Henry Howard, of Covontry.

Hon. TtmmHJi Durlut.-, ol Providcniv.

Hou. CliHrleii S. Bradlev, of Provi<](>Due.

Hod. ThoiuM A. Doyle, of Providviive,

Hou- A(is»«>>t'* O. Bourn, of Bristol,

Hoyiil C. Tni\, ^>||., lit" lVi>*uU-iiw,

Rev. RKckic] G. Hol)ii)»uu. D. U., LL. D., of Pi-ovidtmoc,

Colonel Wniiniii Go*l«l«rfl, of Wnrwick.

Geneni) Homlio Itogcr.-*, o\' Prnviilpiice,

Hon. Henr}' R. Mercnlf, of l'AWtiirk«t.

Hon. RowlmiJ Hiir.ntt1. uf Suutli KiiigHlowu,

Ik'/ckiflh C'uiiHiit, F^(|.. uf I^uimIii.
I( niipL-tire lo Iiuvl* Wuii tbi- iirigimU iutuiitiuu of ilic delegulion w
pi-OfCfd dirwiiy fn«ni Noiv Yurk to Newport, and Iheoce repair lo
Baltinion-, WtuilnDgtMU Hitd Vurklown, but tiputi diiv conaidcrKlioii
hy lh« con^rL'HsiouRl mminissiun, it wnv ttcmucd bual tlmt Ibe New*
|>on vi^it i^lwKild Im' di^fcnvil tmlil nftrr (In- Ytirktonti cfli^briilion. A
piiitilnr opinion Iivhji viitfrtAiiurd by tlu- (rovortior of Rhode Islaud.
nnd by tli(^ Suit- committov. A c-nmmillee, itonMMing of the Hon.
('hftrK'!« S. Hrfidli'v, llowknd Hnzartl, Kxij., mid Gcorfr* IViibody
W't'tniorv, K*4]., WM!" lliLTi'foiv uppointcd In viitJl Xi>w York, upon ihc
nrrivnl tlier? of tbu Frcurli dclpgHtiuii, lo finiBiilt with il upon the

)4uhjl-fl .

On tlie uvviiing of October iihh the Kreui-h giie*li«, »cc«iupanied

by n Rfiwlt* IstHiid i-omiiiittfw i-ousiAtiug of Lieiiteoant-Oovernor
Fsy, I>iiviil KIii;r, .Ir.. K"'!-. itinl Sfimloi- Au({imliis O- Bcmrii. who
rfi[)itiivil U\ Nfw Viirk for Ihal [HirjinAo, took Ilirir dt;pniiiirf on
board che sttramcr " IVovidcncc," flying the Amflrirnii and French
fla^K, nnd the lu-xl iitorning (Siinday) Utklod ai Kewpcirt. Xo spe-
cial «'renionic?8 wnv ilu-ii obsfrvcd. Tbi- foivign party ontt-red rar-
ringes, anil rode dlivctly to flftrirnnn's, where it bntakfofstcd, nnd
atlerwards, at the hour uf divnit- wrvici', altrnded Masf oi St.
Mttfj-'s churirb. Al noon it wiif nillcd upon by ihi' Hou. William
1', Shefflt'W, and by the otln-r ntemhcm of the Statn eonimitleo
re«iidcut iu the city, nnd wn-s forniHUy Jutrctdured to tbcm. The
wenthirr was unfavorabU- for Ireiug ubrijud, but sub»v(|iiL*iil!y to ibU

OUR FBENCH ALLIES.

573

intervieir, tl)i> guests took carriages and TiBtted tbe rarious point* of
inlorp*t. A [lortion of tltvm wii» entertiiiu«d bv Mr. James Gordon
Hcnnett, nt '■ Stooe Villa.**

On Mondiiy, OctoWr SUt, Governor Liltlefleld, on board tbe
rtlfamer " Bay I^uhjh," vUited New^lOl■^. to extend, in l>ehiilf of the
Smio, II Mfk'iunK' to tho rtpn'-enlativts nf ihf French rvpublit!. He
was- Bt'conipnniftl by iIr' mcmbfi> of |Ir> Grnt-Tul Ai<M-mLly and by th«
folluwiiij: named uffiinnifi and giiet^l]^ : The Hon. NfUtin W. Aldrlcli,
L-iiiluU Statf* Sviiiitwr; tiw IIou. JuhUiui M. Addemnii, Sptrutury of
•Stftte ; tli<r Hon. SKiiiiif] Cbirk, Gcnt^rul Tn.>MBun.>r; ihi.' Hon. Joel
M. Sptnuer. Stutv Andilur ; t'u!iiiii'l> Fii?n.*f iiiui Williams. i>t' tho
Govomor'a iHT»omil snilf; (^uurtt-nnnBter-GeutTiiI Charlea R. Den-
nis; A**>iittiiiit Quni1frmK#tt>r-Gi-n<.'rul Stqitieii Vi'. Hivk^non ; Gen*
eral William \V. IJoiii;Ihs ; .Imlgie Advoinre tieniTnl Joint F. Tobey ;
Awintunt Judgf AdvciL'iiif (iuiicra! GtHirge L. Gower; Surgeon Gen-
eral John C. Bitdiong-: KrigAdicr-GcD^-al Elisha H. Khodcs and
Hinff ;' the Hiin. ■\Villiiim S, Hny wnrd. Mayur «if Providonrr : Henry
V. A. JopHii. (.'ity C'li-rk cif I*riiviilKnn' ; thi' Kpv. Frfldvpii* Deuisou ;
ChriBttiphiT K. Holdfii. ShurilT ul' I*rovideufv fuuuly : the Hon.
Rowlniid Elnjcid-il iind C'ulynMl William Goitdtwd, of that |mrt of the
r«iinniUt»^c wli'n'b liad i-b«rg<' of tbe aiTanjjt'i inputs in Newport ; the
Hon. Thomua A. Doyle, t'lmirman ; ox-Gownior Henry Llppilt;
ex-Gu»ernf*rH*'tii-v Howard : cx-Governur WilUtim \V. Hoppin ; the
Hon. Henry H. Mclralf; the Mmi. t^hnrlc- Uradh-y ; Royal C. Toft,
K«q., of that portion nf the oommitlt« I'cdding in Providence connty,
which httd charge of ihe an'an;;;emenl» uml esopripeft in Providence;
tlic Ck-rkx of the .Si-nal<.- nnd of the Ilou;^' of Kepn'i'entHLi%'vR. The.
ateamer van gnily decked with flnps, among which the iri-eolor was
prominent.

NutwitL}<tiinding the uuprupiliou^ wvnihvr. therv waa a very good
atieadnnee of the members of the Legintatai'e. The Governor waa
received nl the dnt-k by Lienten(vnt-(»overuor Fay anil General Barney.
TIh- {run sqiiml iif Ihi? Nunpini Ar(iilery fired the iiisual luiliile. Abont
twenty earriap;*^ were iu waiting Ut convey the G">vern<ir and State
ofBcial^. 'I"lic' wholp wft!« escorted by the Newport Artillery* com-
pany, Colonel Fearing, ««mmanding. The »trecl« were crowdod,
and many French and Americj»n fiagi* were flying lo the breeze.

■ur GdirnU Kboiln' ttnll thirtncrv prticnl Llculemtnl ColonrI llilllp !j, Oia"-, Major
Wminin.I.IlrBilfonl.raptalii* Johii.I..Imi^kp>, r. (TI>n-nccUnK*on,J<)hn llowc, Tlieodorp
A. BkHgn, Il«nry W. Tarnum, WlUlam D. ItMor and Thonuu W. Manclintar.

574

FRENCH orSSTB IX RHODE ISLAXD,

PrtHNwding ill |>rort<etf!on to ihp State Hiium, tbe iuUiriur of which
«-ii;ii uuU'fuUy <)L-v<>niU'iI with Fivitc-h ntid Amcric-tiii fiiigs, ihi- Frpiirli
viaitun> ^peul H shi>it tiiiiv in iiii<)>i.>ctiiig iho building occupied a buu-
drud yvan beion; tm a huspilal tor wtldivrs Kud sailore of t\w Frvuch
Hrrov iiiiii Diirr. In thv wiiutv clmmlivr lliffir nll^-iitioii "«»» parttcu*
IhtIv HiTi'Mrd Ijv -Stiinrt*» xdniinildt? lil'i^-viz*! (HirlrMil af Waxbini^luu.
in which thej appeared to takv jrreNi interett. Tlie Freuch delega-
tion was ill uuifut-tii. i>xci-|)f MiniDUT (JiiUi;y, wbu wu8 in ritizcn's
dn-fls. Ill thf ivpn*!tfiilaiivfs' clmmlK-r, wtiHit* t)iv official reivmo-
nica of wi>]n>niv took plaiu*, (toreriiiir LitlU'lield ucrupivd tb« chair,
with l.i(M)tfimtil-<iov4'niur Fnv mid Suiiutor Aldricli uri bi« iC'ft, nod
riiicf-JiiKliiT DiirlW nud SviTflnrv of Stuu- AddentHii on his right.
M. t>mri'v and ibt! FmiiOi dt'lvgiiliou mvupttKl ^ll•al^ in front. They
wcrv liral luIdrvK^ed hy the liun. William F. Slu-tHi'ld, in an oxtviidml
»^-i-L-Ii, n-pk-lf witli lii»turii.'<il iviniuiM.-viHH:!', und ivuduring a warn
tribute tu [he services of the Freiicb army and navy, from the urriral
at Newport uf Count D'KslMing. in 177f, until the capture of York-
Uiwn, iu 17H1. AdilrcHstiig M. (hitrer, iii cluNin^, be tutid :

" WnrB it nut for llii' icrmt dliitinrttoii «r\qiiln>cl hy Voiir Esvrllvnry in j-our
Dative country, and the high onic« you hold from r»nM, wo ftltould be
atronicly Incllued to claim you as a Khodo InlftDdor by ulopitoa. for the
itraiiilfiiihiir vi jmui clillOrcn, Ihv boh of a revolutionary officer, ww boro In
Nowjiort, him] t1i« gT«'iit-|{niDillatlier uf your vxei'Ueul lady, Jolin Innto
CUrke, was an I'liilnent rltlwfn nml Icndiuic n*voliitl<irMr.v (intifut reahleul in
Pro vide 111*!'.

" I havn rvuallati some of llie tncKlent« whluli i«ad to aliov tlie relallun*
wblchhavc cxiitcd Imtwecu tb« peupir of Rhodo Inland and the pec^Ie of
Frnnf i>. ThLt don« I haT^. to mv. the dlaUagulihed honor of prwi^niliig you.
Doi an stranftorij, for tho rcprvsuntBtlreH of Prance,and «ap«clally tlw kindred
nf LBf&yetle, Itocbanibpku, i1«> Pereitc, I>'E«ruIu|t, de Temay. l>ealouchen, ■]>!
BuTTUi, and tlii-lr Umvt- ciiinimiiious-iuHiriiiii, I'jin nt^vcr lip HtcuDRera lo tlw
people ol Itliodc IiUnd, dcuncndanU ot tho pAtriots of tho R«roliition, to Ula
Excellency Alfred H. Llulefleld, (ioverncir. and In the niemben ot tbe two
houses of the Ovneial Auemhly here |>re!teQl,and ilie Governor will bow
hava the aupiwiiui KBtiNf»ctton of w«lpiimInK yon to oitr tittlitcomninnwitvUh."

At the cloM* of Mr. Sheffield's addretw, which waa listened to with
ittrict atlenlinn and received with applnmti-, Iliii Excellency Governor
Littlefield. iu extending lo the distinguished guc«t4 the Stale w«l>
come, spoke m follows :

OUR PRBNCH ALLIES.

575

TMK liOVKKKUKN AUUKKX*.

"ItRtreauie (treul plvasun to wvkoino Your Exccll«a(.-y uud UiD gootlc^
BMn witli :rnn Co the Stau,' of Rliode Island, and Co Invite you to stiare lu
bofpitiUity. Tbr CI«Deral Aueitibly. iu tb« rvnolutluiiit ii1 th« ItMt Juue »r*-
■ Ion, requesUiiK in' to cxUmuI Ihi* invitntior. rtiforrvil in fltling phrase to thf
i-ordial iTUupt^rarioo ntiil Invcilnablo MrrvlC'Va tflndorcd b^ jroiir countrymen to
uuc (ittticna iti th« KwoliiUoi), in ihc lime o( (lit-tr Kreat dl^inMH. On tbolr
firaC tirnval within thu liuiltHof uur RUtv llilucilj- vin» In the haiiilB ut tbe
enemy, and ItA people w^i« mished hAiH-ATh Uie >i«'v«ritf of thir oipttrilj.
But by tlw |tra!toU';>] oT tlin Fri-iich fleet on thi; tuusl, tlio Dnimiy wi-ri: fori'vd
to evimiato Newport forever. On Ih* arrival ot Die fleet In I7W), brluglnK
Cotint Rm-liaintx'itii an<l Ijim gallant aMtoi'tatva, they ytnre lierv ret-elved with
the h*fArlWt driiiDiutrwEiuna ut joy. Tbr (ifmcra) Awtntiibly plw-cd iiim>u
r«coid their ftpimciaUon ol tht valur at the prcaiMice and «frvii«)i of Ihfllr
wuluutuv altisH. Your olHien found a cordial vrelcoiue in tht hearts and
lickni«-Ji of our |H>ijp1i<. Tli«y ■.•nt«r>?iJ Into tin- kucIuI f«iitlvliie» uf the tlmns.
Tb«y found favor in tin- ryn of our nuihli-n*. und iiiMrriAitu vow<i addt-d their
lone to th4> nnlional nllinnup. tn the itMldur rHnttonit of life \vt< f«lt a com-
mon fctlof. AltnoGt within tliu sound of my volii- lie thr' reuiiiiuH of your
chlvalroiM tlf Tnrnay, while In uur »iNt(;r I'apllal are loirlM niiinberB of
your bravo eumjfrymi'n, wh-mti' rcjtlinit'pliii'r you will Imva opfiortunity to
vtatt bttott- yoiiT depftrtiu* from onr 8t«t<>. It will not, thwi, m-fni Htran([a
that Wuclierlah memories of Ihom: days i>( cordial frleiidshl}!, nor llint thi:
|>eopl« of the State, net I uti lliroMuli ihwii Generiil AMeiuhlv. have «mb»aftH!
IhSit npporlitnily to wrlronie yon aw the rvprpson tall vex of our nncient ally.
We bav'c lj«-cn Kn^'ilb'd nl the i-ordinl reception which has awaltM yon In
cver>' pnri ot Itiit oountrr TiniliM hy yi>ii. and eitpei'ially at the national wal-
t-oine at Yorktovrn, where on tUc lainc field the soldlen of Rliod'j bdund and
of Ih*' other StAten, with their Freni-h romr»d«*, one hundred yearn a^o, won
the flnal triiiiuph which KrynreiL tint inde|iend<'n('r. TlioUKh, in Icrrttorlal
llmitfl, the !«mrt]1efti of thr Stateji, Rho<le Inland in Nerond to none In i^atefnl
»P|)recinl!nn of thowe scfTtcPs, wllhout width Vorktown would probably
never hav« lw*>n the eentre of Mniniicli lilntorlral inl^r*"*!, ami withoiil wliin*
the reMult of onr ffrenf Atrntofle lor indepen-denee nilKbt have b(-en iloiibtfnl,
oraCleantTOitld have be«n miieh lo»[r<-r delaynd.

"To earry Into offeei the wlnh«M» of th>- rieneral Aiweuibly, t have ftn1erl<!d
aeoinmitter uf reteptiou. "-ruiiitiurd of «ome of our most di«tlnKidflhed cttl-
IcetM, many nf Ihriit de«reftdAnl« 'if thiwe who foii|[lit with yOHT ivtnntryniMi
for American indi')wndenre. In tbln preitence and fliUTOtindeil hy the rvprv-
Nentntlves of otir people gathered in tlds Kitetent edlAtM^, ao rsmlllar loyonr
roiintrytrn>n diirinK th^ir uijonrn in thin i"itr, I rlierrfully ftnliTace tlil* oppor-
tunity to exprejMt our irrtvteful remenihranre o( thwie »ervier« in the pttfli, and
to atMiireynn of our hearty ^ood wl>thM for the future of your rirpublii'. In
cloniUK. I can ifaink o( no more fittins wonU thttn tbotx.- u'ldrtiwed to your
conntrymon more llian a Jiundrmd yram ago by the Govnrnor and Speaker of
tlte Hniifie, ' We entreat you on Ihia oci~A«ion to acecpl the warmettt caii([TRtU-
latlona of lh« (ietternl Awwmhly of thfl 6tal« of Rhode Island and Provldenev
FtButatioiiii.' "

576

FRENCH crESTS IS RHODK ISUUfD.

To this uddi-L-M, fxi>rcasiiig at compreheitsively the feeling of tbe
citizenji of Rhixlo I^lniid, the French Mininter, M. Max Outre;,
miidv th« I'olluH-iiig iK\y\y :

HKPLV OF 3IIN13TBR OCTKKT.

"Ikiu lupp.v lu oxin««» u> Yuur Exvelleuvj' «n<I w tbe Gviwnt AaMmblr
how p1riw>r»l ull thu inwniWint (if tbU yreuch dvlegntloa are to Aiid tlietii««lvM
Ln the SUU- ul Rhuilf Island, lliut t>ii-y havt: tutAril of alnce tli^lr childhood.
In fwt. the OftoiM ot NVwjMtt and Providc»«!, and o( tht iliRvrvai places
around Jiere, ore J*t> much counecled with the hintorj- of our coniinon nffoitM
of tile liut cntury tliul tht^y uTe fumiliar tu aliuoat every obk in our ROUiiiry.
W« arc roi; liMftpy that >-an hnvr ftivr.a >ih an upi>ortunlIy to ctitae and rlxil
thi'u- placnt, and wc will Idkc homr ccrtalnlj^ u niiMi do'j) recall ertion u( all
that w« huve st>en lu'r*.-. Sliii-« the Kr^-ncti d«loK)>^on hw lifwn Id I)>i! I'nlt^^
StaWB wi* liavp liad intxii jiroofs l-liat Aiuertfn liaa n*v« for|;ott«n Iii^t ancient
tiUy (it ITttl. and now tixla.v ur<- hiivtt thr tiiosit KrilUttnt ■.■vidi.-nci? that the old
afiitimi'niM of frirndsljip existing bctw?rri ihri two »mntii<'it ari! aa straai
now an tlicy were In thuHt tUiios. I niust say. and yuu must br oiwiuvd that
noDiIoK in the world lOuLd be murv ciulitjint; lo Frantw. Let lue, tharolon.
tliank jroii In her nwmi! Tor jrjtir kind hoapltalit}, for your f[Ood WelCOHOA. and
for nil the hlndneas that has boon nliown to ns sinoo w« bare be«ti In this
Stat«. I will not Hulah wlilioun iliankluc. at tlii< sauie Urae. Mr. SlKfSuld tor
nil tli« kind wunlm ]UKt iirk>Tioiiii<-i-d fur t)i<- French people and penvnnlly Sar

Tb9< ff[K-ecb of the Ktviivh Miiiwtcr, which v\-iu^ heartily u|ipUu(l«0,
lenuiuntvd tlie otTlcbil rci'cmonioj, nod aftvr a gcaoral but brief
rece|>tioD. OMVunior Littloltekit wbc ei»Portwl to tlie fteamer " Bay
(^innrti " bv llir Ni-wpnrl ATlillery. and. (U'cunipnniixl liv the (loiu-ml
Asflemblv, hr rt'tiirnt'd U) P^rt^idcnci■. Ttie tMicinl ]>li'iniiirw» of the
brief vayago vcerp pnlmnocil li_v R ricli rnllHlion, pr^pfiivd by Mr.
Geor^* M. Ardoonr. a Providonoe rntotvr. The tiibh- was laid in
(ixccllcnt tanttf, a»<l Imtl for a ccnlrc omnmcnt n n'lirowTiinlioii of
" Homo, Sw<*t Home," mnrle nf ooiifectioni*, niiil siirmounte*! with
hornH nf plenty, iht- rvtilrc ^InirCiiri* being lill'i'il with nnlM ami hon-
frona of iill kind^, Bc>iic|ticti( were alw fumislM-d in pruliiciou, from
thv ^tiinlt kind dosigucd for emit hippol^, to thi^ birgi-st itsed for table
and jiarlor cimnmcntn.

AJW tlie departure of the Governor nnd the Geueral AsMiobly,
the guuala c<jinuieni.-i:iJ a ixiuud of oWvni'iitiuu. First, they proceeded
to the torpedo ulnlion. On their arrival llierc. they wen? rv<*ived by
Captain Thoma« O. Solfridge and conducted lo the porch in front of
hi» building. When crcrything was in readineaa for tht- •alat< of

OUR FREXCn AI.LIB8.

lw«iilT-oiic Iorpe<]oc», lh<> I'oiUtl St»tf» ntHccr^ oscorlo*) ihc l"'rci»'li
YiAilnrA to ihp spot wlitrc the stflrs ninl stripi« usiinlly flojit. Here
ihey Btoi«1 Tnr n iiinnn'iit or Iwo. niid n .iiniiriw' wuh in uttire Iwr tliciii.
At u siniiul llio fiwl Uiqirdo whi< timl, ami tliis wiut uli<o ihe signnl lor
ibe brv'iikiiig ov«r their liwiiU of m fttiR wliicli [irovt^ lo Iw tli« tri-colop
of France. SimnlHmeously with tliiD net. tlif bnnii t'l-ora Fort Ailmna,
whit'li liail Iwt'ii kindly iLMiucd by Mnjur Taylor for llie occasion,
elrurk U|i tlir MtinK^lliiisc, «iid the Frwiiclimeu, promptly recognidn^
tlie eomplimt-iit, iitio»Terw!. It wbj" a most eflVrtivi' littlo nrranpc-
mcQt, And reflected great vredil upim ilic forelliouglit of Cuptain
Hetfridge.

Aft«*r thp Fr<>m-h di>|i>f[iil<»A fiJi*I flu- fommilH-o Imrt n'tiimtd to the
puri-li of tlic liciidqunrtcr!!, cx-Mnynp Ocorgc H. Cnlvprt wna iiilrfi-
diiccd and dt^llrcrcd itn nddrcits in French. This, with the incideut
rcn'ftpfVd nhove, tdiirhed thr hp(irt3 of the Frenrfimcn most pro-
ruundlv, for thvir vvvh were biNliimiiL'd with lear». Mr. Cnlvi-rt, in
bis address, r«rerrfd iii Ii-nglh lu thu cuadilioii of the Aoiericna
army prior to the arrival of Count de RwhRmln-im mid hiti Tnngiitfi-
rciit nrmy. 1K> hIbo referred it) glowing termi In tlio v)i!uroii!> dccdm
of tht^ Kr«'itrh nriiiii-4, nut only one hundred yv»n n^, liiil duriiifi the
entire hiMnry of their eotimrr. He conelndcd his reraiirk-* by
oxprfflHiiig II hope tlinl there wns n gram! future fur ihf Frcneh
republic.

After Mr. Cwlvcri Imd delivered hi^ Address of welcdinp, tlwrw
was daiic'intr until fitur o'elock, when ihe vii^ilor^ were fotidudcd
oroimd llic if<lniid. the riiiii. howm-er. inlprferiiig to nomv extent with
the iuleutioiis of C'uptuiii Svlfridgc iu thii n'SIievl. Alter partaking
of Captain Selfridge's hospitality, the whole party retnniwl to lowii
and be-gan an iu«pcctioD of eevenO poiniB of inleresl.

mS t>*SlHTET.

On n!tuniing to riarlniaii'n aiul tn thtTir respective eotla^, thev
rested after the busy hour*, and then prepared for the baiiquet, which
WM given At the Cai>ino. It was in all re^pcrt^ n mcMl rtfherchi
•Atir. Pinard, of New York, waR the caterer, mid on ihin nrraAion
showed himself a i-nmplnic mailer of hip art. Evert'one expressed
the highest cuuiplinieuts uf the nirnu and the ecrviee. The (ableii
were beautifully deeornted with choice Bowers, and llic flags of
America and France adorned the ruota.
75

578 7BXHCH OUnTB IH RHOOS JBLAJXD.

Id the absenee of Goretnor UukAdd, tbe Hfm. Willimm F. Shef-
floU, chairman of the State committee, precided at the dinner. The
taUea were three in onmbw, and were acraoged together in the form
of a T. On them were a large nnmbCT of sOver eandehibra tastilj
decorated with smilax, bj whi^ eveij artick on the table was sor-
Tonoded. The band of the United States ship New Hampahire fur-
oidied fine music during dinner from the baloonj. Tliere were no
formal speeches, but the health of the visitors was dmnk.

Two days, both more or less rainj, were insufficient in which to
Titfit ererjr kicalitj made specially interesting to the French delega>-
Uon by associations with the armjof Rochambeau, and the naval
amuunents of D'Estaing and of De Temaj, or to accept all the hoa-
IHtalities that the citizens of Newport would gladlj have bestowed
upon them. But an industrious emplojment of the Ume allotted for
their sojourn enabled them to take a hasty ^aoce at the harbor, the
entrance of which by D'Estaing's squadron, [wompted the BriUsh
commander, then in possessioQ of Newport, to order the destmctioo
of all his guard ships. They visited the headquarters of General
Bocfaambeau, where many festive occasions had been graced by the
beauty and ilUe of the town. They saw the boose in which Admiral
De Temay died. They made a pilgrimage to the grave of Uie brave
old sailor in Trinity church-yard, and read the inscription on the mural
tablet set up in honor of him in the vestibule of the church. Red-
wood Library, the Jewish Synagogae, the Old Stone Mill, the Mon-
ument, to Commodore Perr%', and maoy other localities and objects of
interest were made familiar to tlicm, and when they bade farewell to a
spot afHueat in military memories of the the Americau Revolution
and of " Our French Allies," they carried away with them the
most ngrceahle imprcssious of the city and of their hosts-

OUB. r&SSCH ALLIB3 579

THE FBEKCH GUESTS IN PROVIDENCE

►AVTJiG spent two days in Newport, with evitleut t4>pr«ciatiou
of the welcome with which ther had txeeu r«cei%'eil, th« distiuguishud
French goests. on Tuesdar morning. November Ut. embtti-ted on
board the steamer '■'■ Bar Queen," in the midst of a dreiu.-hiug raiu,
to faliill their engagement in Provideuc«. They were accompanied
by members of the State •cotaiiiitte«. and of (Governor LittWfluld'a
etaflF. As the boat passed out of the harbor^ tht» party rewivod
salntea from the United Stales r«ceiviii{c »hip« ttiid tVt>uk t'\u't Adaiuit.
A few minates before eleren o'clock, a. n., thi> Utat ivachint thi>
dock of the Continental Steamboat CompHiiy. iii |V\tv)(l(«i)tv. U\>r\«,
the guests were received by ex-Mayor Thontan A. IV»yW and M\\yhI
C. Taft, Esq., of the State Commitliw. Tho Maniiitit do Uin-huuv-
bean, Madame Loyseaa and MMo d« (Mututbniit. wlthotil alop)iitk^ tu
partake of the hospitalities of I^rovitltMM'e, prtHH<viUHl diitH^lt,v to \\\^-
tou. The other guests were nHiducUnl in oarriajiwi Id titu Ntt>T«a«u-
sett Hotel, which had been solected fur lht>ir tiiim'tttm. 'rhi\Y sw^vv^
warmly welcomed on the way by n rrowd i<f ii|Hioluti>i'a willi f^itia ut'
'* Vive la France," " Vive la Ro|mblinuu," tiud wilh ullwr pHlrinli»i
greetings. Uudor tho dirertinn of CohnuO il. lliii'ry AVidc-h, llifi hull
of the liotol wfts tnsttifiilly docorutud with Kcuiit^h niid Anioiii^Hit
flags, streamoFH iitid sliioldx, Tliu onittniHiilatinnu ttf tltti butii|iu>t
hall were of surpassing tiUigiuicu, At thu siiiitli oiid id' thu liidl tlioi-u
was a Bct piece of dmpud Anutricun Hugs, miniioinitud \>y ihu Kiuiiitlt
republic coat of iirniH on (iiio Hidu, iiiid dni|iuil FruixOi tri-ciilor with
the American coat of iirniit on llio iitliur uidti nf a rliialur iif Aiiitivi-
can tliigH bearing tin- Klatit ttliii-hl in tho cuntn;. At llitt iinrlli ond, in
the centre, wiirt u bnltiM'fly of Aiiierii'itn iiml Kreni^li HiigB, uilli a
ohiMter of AinericHu fliigH mid Kreiich iteiil iij tliu eentru nn mii) uiiju,
and a cluster of Firiidi Hiigit willi AliiiTii'iui Mi-al on lh<! otliei* uidu.
<>viT-li(Nii| Ijroiid HtrciinnTM of l-'ivnch tri-i-olor wi;i'i! ih'uwn Cntni lliii
rliauilflierH to the Iwu ciih- wiiIIh, meeting in thn hi^uvy ih'a[tery of
tri-color tliereon. At iutervulu in thin dnipery were oal I'Veiieli und

580

FRSKCa OCEfiTS llf KHODK ISLAND.

Amurusn »hield«, wttli the name* of our Frmch sDtee and Centan-
oittl baroes Iherecm. Thi! ^flnt was st (m<v suggestive aotl artistic,
aod maur eiprcMiotu of ailuiiraiioti were beard to (all frum nieoibera
of lh»! Freiirh party.

If time for flight-Mwrag aod tlie mviMJun of iNjurtesie* io Newi
was vlion, ID Prt>\ideDce H waa Mill niun* limited. The nmobcrv of
til* «li'Ii*}{aLi4m vuuld alUiw I IwmwIvM nnlv Imlf a day for h eurvvv of
lliv i-ity, luid Mil rxHmtiiRliiin of iU n^voliiliuiuLry atitii|iiitte», for
wliicb llirM or four days were moe tou Duuiy. Uut llie tirat thiug Io

^'AltllA1•AS*KTT llOTKI..

be dnno WH9 to ftpp^HW appetJIes »hHi'iii»iic<l liy x dcl»T of ih* mom-
IDg repa»t. Pauitig «l one* to tliB reception pnrlors, tliey divested
tliomiwlvn! uf tlivir oiilrr gannoilM, attd prcpAred for drJrUHer, wbich
wa» wrvpil ill ibe lioiel dining- room. While lliorc iTigrtg<?d. lliev
were shown, liy Ccorgo lA*wi» Cooke, Jr., E(W|., n t>wonl outv worn
byCouutd« KuchnniWan, and wliivh, in 1781, he i^xclmiigcd with
(*rtu-ml NitlliiiTi MilliT. of llristo], a» ulivsdy ntlatvd,* fur uoe worn
by lliiit utitcur. M. Oiitti-y t- JLjiUiui-d lUe Ui»luricul iiuici-vdvuls of

■AMK, p. 3U.

562

rKKNCH OITESTS IN BHOUE ISLAND.

and Cniwfonl ji(re«ts, wm Htnick, and id on« minute Hom No. 1
nnd TTooV and I^dJer No. I, from Fxrliange pla«c, were on the
Hpot, folloired by the Protccti%-c and Hnai! No. 3 a q)i&rl4>r of n min-
ute Inter, Steatner and How No. 10 in one nnd three qnorttfrs min-
ttUa, HoHo No. 7 in two iind a Imlf iniiiiil««, and tlw Inst, Honk aiid
Ladder No 2, in ciglil niiuutcs fmiii HiirriMou sin'fl, a dijilmicc of a
mile and a liulf. Tlic Skinner Tnick v(ti» niiiivd aj^nitiM ilie Day
BtilMing, nnd firemen ARCcaded to tile roof, from wliieli a pu^ urful
Htreiitu of water was tliroivn. Tlie brigade, com>iatiug of nt-venleen
piece«, wait Iben mnri>linl]«d br l>Hltaitom for review, and (lie di^ttn-
piUUcd giiCAla paiuted nronnd llie square, reeeiving ond n'tnming the
salutes from tite department. Tlie brigade then loused id review
**on the run," and da«hed around the pquare in livelr motion.
Then the hoAc vcau ftltacliod lo the. Iivdraiits and a ixYire of ^trenmtt
wci* turned into the canal, the oontiitiioii!! volume of spray forming
n grand Bi^dit. For this successful exhibition Chief Greene receirud
the eoi}gratu!titioni> and thanks of the deler;alion.

From the review, the eortege was driven to the City Hall. jVs the
viititora and comuiittoe entered tha building Iho Buoton Gcrtnuiiiit
Band, stationed in the third floor corridor, struek tip *' The Mnr»eil-
laisc," wiih fine elTect. City Messenger E«I»ard S. Rhodes met tho
guests at tlie door, and conducted them to the flavor's office, where
they wt're inlrodueed lo Mayor Ilaywanl. After witnessing Iho
opertLttons of tlie electrif Hgliting apparnltis, as applied to the May-
or's chandelier, and inspecting the building, which M. Ouircy pro-
nounced the flneBl the delegation had visited since its arrivul in Amur-
tea, the party proceeded to

BROWN UKIYEBSmr.

On entering ttio Librnry Buildin;;, the students, gathered otili>tde,
greeted tlio company wiUi an enlivening culK^gc sung. Inside, I'n-jti-
deut Robinson and the Ocdloge Fiteutty weru in wiiitiiig. Chiol'Jus-
li(.>e Durfec, Chancellor of the I'niversity, und a nicniber of ihe C^ini-
mittuc of Keccption, in wcll-choscu words, introduced lii« delcgutiuu
to them. He said:

" III iwrloruilni: nUn idciuant duty, I ileem !t not Invlcvant lo my to yon
lliat luiidiTstMnd it to lie uuti ol lliHilicrlnliMl {>iiri>oar-itof llit-8cf;enll><tiion.in
visiting tbla nriit oUioc historio spot-i in Rln'ilf Ii>lan«l,tor<^l(iniilf: tbnifKtinorlc.t
oC u bumlreil years Ago, when their laHicra and unr fiUb<ir» slowl flhunldiEr to

OUR FRENCH ALUKS

.^83

I

nboiiltlor In the groal wur for American liiiIcponiI«iir<'. Id tliut vinw, lltta
city and IhU eloamc bcifthl l-au but hare for tliriu h pc-ciilinr inU-rvdU Kor
hflw. In yoml^r vf^ntralile biilldlne, our goncroiii fUUc« tiad Ihtir niilllniT
ItuHpiUil, wliile tilt i-ity (liirlitK llmir shorl wijmirn opuueil lor Uielr Knltant
oRlTOfn iu Rtati.>Iir«t aliwlr", antl tniul* th* Klop* »inl nutniiiit of yimiliT norMf

«m liiti tlic <-ttiiij>[nK*Kroiini] of tlieii solilli-ry Mr. E*r(«i(l«nt.

llu'iti! K^iitlriiiMi, I uTiiliTAtADil, are the r«pr«-iwntatlTra not only ot U10
dcpMii^U Frcucli ot n Itutulrcd y^-ur* uii«>. Uut ulao of tliu Uvlui; Frunc«o(
to-(Iay, in all It« extraordlnarj' aclcntific and literary duv«IopiiiH-nt. An ancb,
I toka greal pl«aaura lu pusentioff Utam t« Uio offlc«ra of tbia Univenity."

f

l.mHAXT Krti.pixK, Rhowx I'si

Al t1i« cluw uf Judge l>urre(!'a remark*, Presideut HoliinMn

(i(Mn!ajteil llic Jclcgutiou &i follows:

** Your KxcrUi^nc!/. tivnllomvi; CitUens vf Frantt, Jtri'mtntatires /mm Hit
Yovnfftr Jlepublte to the OMei- ;

" Trne Clirbttiua liuriiiiiii In ainaya tlie filDnd and Mifporlor ol triii> rJvll
llWrty. ^booU of aound Icftnilng air alwaya In aj-mp«Uiy with frtw lustitu-

nr

ibt-

wtflf wmUmi laUt^teMff ul am

"■-T-^-- iiiMinll MTT TiT jiri Irtiill. ■ITl !■

T<i liiM UdMf M. OMnr riiftififlil. Ankfa« Dr.
(W HIM rftfcg JiltglllDir M< af Fwee, fur ihe goaj
A lificf lultfirliaay of wiMtMhi of a more inJonBal
lowwl. Tbca CHWi ■»*■ eolifi Mog», witk ebon* &r ike
a oMRIiliaMMtt wUtk X. Omtrvj acfcBowkrffad I)/ • bo« aad tW
nprmiMi of '*ihaaiu." TW aiwliii «f tlie dd«prfioD iImd
rMurui*4 to Uwif imrrvHpa 10 vital other pboM. Fine, Uwjr wen
drirni bi IV>«|<r>H T*TrMw. TtMwiv tlH7 |mM(i4 Ut tbr Dextrr Asy-
lum, dritiiijc Di ilic fn«irt of ibr iNiiktJtijt anJ rouud a portkn o( ike
fanu. Willmui |iiiiiM tkry moiEnuMl ibur mate to tbc French
F.h)'iiiiif*iiM-iii n{ \'Hn~^i. Ksrty in the fomoont ia aaiicqMiMia of
MiU vifit, i\u- iiciilior or UiU niteaw aniated b^tlie RtY. Fredrrir
DcniMin, niArk<-<l ili« iMiutiilHric* of Uw uri^iiwl eiuii{>-;;7naDd witb
■nail tri*evb>retl tbtgit, prepared hj Colouel J. Harry Wtlch, who
alio plaalad a flag-ilaff and rawed tb« AmericaD colarv oo the spot
|hj[iiUh] out kp liini u lb« Fmivh licad(|UBftvni Uanjaw. Tu ntd
till* mciiiU'rs uf lliv <]tfli!t;nli</U iti i>btatitin:r ft corrvet idea of the
iftlviil mI* tlir |{n>uii<U cK-4-ij|>iciI liv llivir <Hriiritn'iiicri a ix'Dlnrr b«r(jr«,
thi< iiiitliiir iin-nviiU'il lo rach, through Uie Fn>rK-)i Miiiui1«r, h copy of
llm |th(ii o\' llie •:ii('im)[nn<<nt ui>on h hic-h woa ]u«*tMt upward* or ihrm
hiiiidri'd tirtt iiitd hilt kiIc*. Kur thi» i'i%'ilit_v, M. Otitrev fQUiid time
niliidvt (III) i!»KNg)!ttii^iiU and cxritinDcnt« of lb«^ day to writCf ID
Mmlt of hliii»i-lf i>nd of (h** HMngallon, a not* of gralffful arknowU
0(l|(tllvUt.

Tito viilton did not ulifrlit, Imt fmin their canriagcK, looked out
with HiifiiH of jihNutira ujmn thn iri-colorrd tokonn of nrclromct aod
upoD tlic limad tichi o\(>r whioh uiire floated '*thH luminous lilies of
Fraiioi." From lbi« poiul of imcrcdl lliey rod« to the North Riirial
(Inmiid, lo iMitiiit i» duoorating the Imuc of ii inouurai.'iil ahoul to lie
•roclvd to the motnory of French soldtcra buried titcre, who died in
Ok* olVinn-naniwI «ncRinpmcnt. At th* (bo* of the iitone stood n ren-

I

OCB FBENCH ALLIES.

M5

iTiry plmit, Mvmliotir nf thf> yenrv nitirc llie gravve u'eru livre matlo.
On Uie luf^ of the 8(orie was placml the Fnmcli flag, Bti<3 ou tlie right
lilt' Aug of llic riiit«tt Stnivi^. Oil ilic io{i ufliie stone wow u ta»ti.'rul
dJMpluj of «ver;greeHis. The Rw. Fre<KTif Deiiiaon ooiidocti'*! th«
ceremonies. He welcomed llic party li/ w»viiig ii inagnilireut
Frcnoh flng. which lie llifii pliifod iti tli« linixls of I'mfedHor Vietor
K. I III lu mere I. lie uUo ri.-a>l in Knglixh u uicmnriitl livtnn, cnin-
|io6rd hy himself for the occuion. Professor Jcaii E. GnilbiTl
read ih the clolcpilion ihr same hvmii in French, and ulso an oile in
thu sume bLii^Agc, »f hiM iiwn i-omfHiHitioii, *■ T(i tliu Fn-rich »\A-
diicrs inhumcil in the Noilh Buryirig(Tronn<l." The mcnibtint uf the
(It^legatton. loiiviiip their cnrriii^fs, nppronched the eldric, ami each
reviTvutly htiil ii|H)ri it » trntnU tioutjnel uf flowere, wlncli unt- ufthL-ir
number nrnuj^ed in the furm uf u eru«e. It wui aa utteeliug scene.
The Her. Mr. Dciiit>on then shIiI. " Let this ner^icv cIok with
iincoven-d heads and the pruyer nVe la It'-^uhliqur Francai».
Amen." W'liili; on (lie tijrouiid, M. (Julrev «iid i.»ther niemhers of
the dclegntion were pnifiitte in their tliankfi to Mr. DcnUon for bia
energetic labors in securing the ereetioii of this monument.*

*TIia1 the gram of thrtr BltEc* alioiild hare ■otnt' jieniuinnit mark of bonar, lnill(Kllv>
of thifir uerifln!, nnti of vur ciiuntTT'i Rralilndo lo Fnuie*, Iliv Kr-r. Prvilcric IlruUou, In
tlLCturoneror WiLroun-lirwl llir dixlxii 'jf n mODnlMM to Ur placrJ Our titrrii.ntid took
■teps, tliTOUgh Bjijivalii l» [W " Prcjulilviirt. JoumBl," anil t>f pfouiinl a) ^iil Ira flout, Iii
(rcuro Uiv m**n* tot acrgnipUfhlnic ibc Morili) otOcoi. Itt^ponMt "trrt prouijit iDd icvn-
rrou*. Th« lnonr)^ collt-cliil nrrc plaiml in llic fiaivili oT llr. ilriir) It. Unrb. oT tlw
"I'raTldwnM Journal/'H* irraaurrr.

Ttic workr k doubie-biLiFd Ic(]|p7 luonuBunl. of fine Wc*lnl]r frmnlttr. cnented bj Iha

Snillfa Ornnltc ('oniiUDj, at Wmpwif, «riu ca[nptc-tc<I \a a ttottniBii.tlkr mBinivr. It

wcljlii Hliout clglil toni, lu >ymtM>!(, In nlUvo, urv (lie I'renvh oviil.ur-iiriiit, nn>t n t^o.

lulionnrx Mrtriitcc-trox, wtlli Uir ilal« )71ti. Un thr xidr* an- Oir ralwd lt|C«n(l*,

"la GUATiTttDK I'K RiHiiie l9t.ANii,"

and

"Ol'll AI.LIM IK THK KKVOI.tinoll.'*

Ufi m mlanl aud poli*hc4 ptnd are the liwcrlptloiu :

•' Trilnilp of tlie people.

tictoraUit b]- ilir

Frcnrli I>vlrKBll<jn.

XovoDibn I, l«l.

I>«li«iMl t/j Ibe

CUlsHu of rroTldcnM,

JDI7 1. leez."

Tlia work bring coin pletwl, tlic dir of Piii»ld«jiwn-oIiinti*r«l to dnH«(* 11 with bceiw

lug trrrmon)- on tbo imllonal annl^MMtr. (luetu vtn Id*IIpi1 tW>in abniai!, among

whlrh Kt'ir 1I1C lliudr* l.arujHIr, loiiimaiKli-il lly Majnr Juir|ih Witll: Montlrur A- \m

I'aUT*. KmwlH'iiiuuKinKrral; Maurtcr Tiuy, TIcv r obidI , U Valilljii, l.'lmmi'llim'f Mi«i

74

586

PBXNCU OUKBTS J» RHODE ISLAXD.

Leaving the btiriiil gniiitiil, ihe purly }ir(iri!«*detl to tliP Cnrliss
Works, wlicre it waa cr»un«utii'ly reecnw] by Mr. Gwrge H. Co«^
Im, and coi)duirl«d Ltirougli the extensive eslnMislimcMit. m the vnri-
0U8 vpcrutiuiit i>l* which uiiicb iiitvrvpt waa uspn-ewd.

The work* of the Aiuericnii Ncran- Cutn|)iiny were uext Tuil^li
ftini tilt- oompliofttecl innchincrr for the manufacture of «orew» i-are-
fully extimiiie'l.

It was now ym\ four o'dnck iu the aftvnicHiu, uiid uuu diok visit
was to be inMie bt'fure roluniing to tliu NBn"n;^ii.*ctt Hotel. Tbi«
was to th? Publir High .School. And here opeuei) to the viHiture a
scene mure exliili«r»IJiig, pruhnblv, (haa mij- they bad wittn»»ed ninee
the coInJIlelllo^llti^ e exciviiH-x ul Vorklowu, lililKjiigli of qd entirely
different cbunn-'tei'. After an inlrotluution lo tliu iirinripal, Mr. DaviJ
W. Hoyt, and hi» niule nwtstanU, and to MiA» Sarah E. IXiyle and
hor female a-vilxtaiils. Iliey wen- condiietc! to the hir^e linll of the
huildiug, whore they were received by the Rev. tJnniel T.cach, 15. D.,
Suporintendcut of Puhtie Scboitis, by the School Comniiltec, and by

CoiMiilaWi l.t»u((>niiiil.('oInn»1Sch[]llng: M.i'.Gmllloli IVofn>ur r«bti: A\i»rmMn Imvj ;
H. L. A. IUbm; M. 1ai ttciit: U. I^ula Uerckr: uud *everal arb^n, nil oT New Tort- Tl>c
nppraiah to llie fniutidt wm ilrocrratcil wllli titft ntxl mottun in Finu4i. by Ihr " KixMch
C'uluiiv'' uf rnivi'li'iic*-. WttMii llii- gnjiiixln, Hi? ilPDumllonn tcrtv liatirltomply armnfvil
bf Ht. Ulcluird .1. OyDC fhi- rtiti-r Mar^lm^ «t Mir Aaj wiu (iciktaI Kll.iha II. Bhodt-a,
hBTtnff for Hidi. I.tcultninit-Coloiicl riilll|i S. rlmiiii, Miv)<>r William .1. tltwlfon). and I'ajh
iiiln Pionin* W Handicatrr. The Diillmry and el>lt proctwion iru lonjrxi'l oilrnriii'c lo
tite WnuitMiuU nlui tliratiKnl thr 'Irii-ta tliruiifli Mliivli II |auanl. Tlw iJi-ilitalury rirrriw*
wpri< aptinitiKatp anil Iinpri-iiilir. TIii't' uoilni'trtl uf uutHltuK tl|<.- luniiilnlf lit i (tie Ular-
•clllalie hymn, pcrfurm*^ br thf band; ■ falatc of iwi-ntT-onr jniiu to ih« fnDdi Stft;
Fraj-cr uf Drslicallun. I<r "" Itixlil-llcTrmiil lliumai M-Hark. U. !>.; itraiioii t>r tht- Rev.
Fndrtir r>vi)lujn; Ail'lri'uotijr cK-Haiur Tliuitina A. iKijitc, III* llanor Mator William S.
Ila^wanl, Ibr Kreti«li CauoDl-Gcacral, ll»ai>lfur A. 1^ Falirr, and MonMrur [.ouli I'nuU-
lard, ilr, A K-lcrl rliulr or incii, uiidrr Uic illri-clloo af IVDreunr KiiKrnc llpnrl. chaniiid
very i-ITtvllTTly ■ l>atlii pmirr fur llip rriialitlct uT Kranw and Aiwrfon. (t>llffWi.il bj lli«
Ulorla I'Hlrl. I'lir Futnil plavnl " Hall I'-oliimlila." aiul I'raA'wor Jniii R. i.iu\1btrt rrad ■■
oiti! Ill ilii> Croncli lunguap-. A ticiii'dlcdoii hy llltl'inji <Jark cIommI iIm- tvrritnt, ami th«
vwt conwurff . mMf niblvd t« wlitn.'iuilitin.ilfiiartixl. Tti^Uiudei LabyMtt and tbf cltf'a
^■■U were handtoitirl}^ riilrrtahtFil at th<- urniutf uf tlir KInl l.ljiht lufiuiIrT, on South
Alalti ittreul. Aii uIiIkm vr wvlronivuiiK iiiH>k l>y Mi-uii-Biuit-i.'oluncl JMipb tl. lica-
ilrli-li.iiliiah'nv hniiiiiiy rMpoiiilHl luby Miijiir .Iiisriili Wi-ill.

A Aill iircoUDt of Itiii inunuinFiilal ■iiDV'irtiiFtit aud of Hie dnllcatlrin, nuiy Iw fouKil, tn
maDiwcriiiil anil prlnlcJ rcjivna, buuiKl tOKullu-r. In rlit amlilrc* or Ihr Klinclc ItlkDd Ilia.
IotIqbI Suclrly. A more rondi-uti-d nrccuiil, Curilalnlng jutrllritliirl/ Iha ilnllraturjr »s*r-
Cltri, Wltli Iho onlpr of jinwrailoii, ivmyiTi. orniloii, adilmitio, (h1i>, and •ulprtalMnoBU,

may V round Id imblliliid forin. in t xcrUcni *I)Ip, 1ft Hi* tiiy Ddntmrni oT I'ravlilrBrr,
No. TJ, \fSt

^Q ttu at I* known, lUli muDareinnt In Ihn flrM nl IM klixl, butli tn toroi all*) ptufMiW. srrr
irrricil in Ani(!rlca.«r In forflfn laiuU. Wblla Bliodu Itlnnd eherftlMa il for aJI ll«i It
rvprrwiili, l'~rHi]ct> liat aM:*|jli>il II wllli «iiial!oiia tiT lIuuikftiliMa.

^

/

^a^

i^-Z^^L^.

n

588

FKKSCH Gl'ESTS IN RIIODB I8I*AND.

tlio siipporl of public free schmilR tlie oily expciidfid anntially tlie »um ,
of twci bundnid lliouttAiid ilolbirs.

M. Oiiircy miidr a plptunnl response, and addressing the pupils,
lie &nid :

" One himdred ytsan ago tboTD vaa an alUaaoe hstvrfien jrour (athcTs Kad
Qu». When otirnnny Ml America, the two armies jtmsped Iiuids and prom
IkihI t» 111) Irieiidn. iiui) il Iiuji Imnti ho for onci bundred yv^r*. Tlie proof of
t1)f» fricnitnliip i» our coiniDfi i^ Uiii counUj Co oongrHCnlat« it upon ib itro^
pt-rlty ami Buciceaa."

Tti<* addn'M waa received with a atorm of applaufw, following
which the pupils Ming "Auld Lang Sjnc/' the "Star Spnuglod
Tlaniior," arid the " FIwr vf xho Free." with ft spirit that arouwd
the luptign risitors tn cnlhuttiaNlic mnnifMlatiou^ of apprcoiatiou.
Before leaving the hall, M. Outrey again addressed the pupib, and
unid : " I thank vou in the iinme of llie delegation. Don't ever for-
gwl lltat Kraiic*' ic lUe lit;:^. nldfrt and first fri»>nd to America. I bid
you guod-bru ui thi; name of »a rll." The iinprcasivt- Ivare-takiug
vus iiuppleuiculc'd. uu the part ul' the pupiU. br the waiving uf hand'
kerchiefs, the clappin); uf linnds, and otlier demoii^lratioM? of patri-
otic feding. Btffore leaving Ihe building, 91. Outrey thanked Priu-
ci|>al Ilojrt^ in hejtrlv ntid aflcrling phruM*, for the grand reception
jrivpii liv the childnMi, mid the inem)»er« of tlie dclegaliim relumed In
their quartcrB delighted wilh what they had .leen and heard.

Seldom lias «i many pleasant events been crowded into a hiUf
day experif-nce. Bui faligned liyrhe extended round of flight-flKeiog,
BS llie fDririgii giii-i^tfi must Imvo been, one umre cxpreMtion of wel-
come nwaiied llitiu. That wm h graud banquet at the Narrugaosett
Uotel. In the prepnration of thiit enlertaiiimeut there was displayed
a dcliratt.' a*«thL>lii.' tusle iind h Chorunj;li artiotiL' xkil). Under the
hrilliant light of the c1iaiiiloli<.-r!> the decoi-alJuuit uf the hall and ibu
ntlrer. cTvstal and floral lulomnientii of the tahlea created for the eye
a fairy-like secnc. l*i'ior to euterinif ihc dining-hiill. Colonel Wil-
liam Coddard presenleil to the members of the Frenrh delegation
ez-Govemnr William W. Ilitppln, who exliihilcil to thum the (amom '
'• Lfiftiyrlle Mword," a* tvhil<!d on pagcH 173-175.

Nearly imu hundred persons eat down to the lablcE. At Ihe first
table were :

Hi* Kxicllcuey Alfred H. Mtllefield, Governor,

Max Oulri'y, French MiniMer,

OUR FBKNCH ALLIES. 589

M. le General Boulanger,

Mr. SevelloD Brown,

Kev, Ezekicl G. Robioaon, D. I)., LL. D., President of Brown

University,
M. le Commandant de Cuverville,
M. le Comte d'Olonne,
Ex-Governor Henry Lippitt,
Chief- Justice Thomas M. Durfce,
M. le Colonel Bossau,
Right- Rev. Thomas F. Hendrickeu.

At the table on the left were the following gentlemen :
Ex-Governor "William W. Hoppiu,
M. \q Comte d'HauHsoiivillc,
M. le Comte dc Beaumont,

Honorable Nelson W. Aldrich, United States Senator,
Honorable Charles 8. Bradley,
Judge Charles Matteson,
M. Ic Commandant Descams,
Judge Pardon E. Tillin-jhast,
Professor George I. Chace,
M. Felix Regamey,
M. Gaston dc Sahune,
Thomas Robinson, Esq.,
General Charles R. Dennis,
Honorable Rowland Hazard,
M. le Baron Cliristian d'Aboville,
M. le Lieutenant-Colonel Blondcl,
Honorable John Carter Brown Woods,
Zacliariah Allen, LL. D.,
M. le Vicomte Noailles,
M. le Capitainc Mason,
I'rofessor Charles H. Gates,
George W. Danielson, Esq.,
M. le Comte do Grasse,
M. Boulard Fonqueville,
Henry E. Tiinier, M. D.,
Professor Alonzo Williams,
Henry A. Hidden, Est;.,
M. de Pourcet de Sahime,

OCK KRENCH ALLIES.

591

Hon. G«orge II. C'orilas,

Irl. Burtout.

Kev. Daniel Lemh, D. P..

K».-v. FiX'tk-ric Deuwuii.

Hon. John K. Tobey,

Allwrt A. Folsoiii, E«q..

Ilezekiuli Coimut, Vai\.,

Colonel llcTiTj A. Pierce,

Dnniol G. I-irtlffieM, Ksq..

(.'olum;! Ebtn N. LinlL'fn;Id,

Samuel Pcjiueroy Coll, Esq.,

Colonel ChiLrl<?!< H. Williuin!).

Ilunurablu Haiuucl Clurk,

Colonel Juliii I*'. Clarke,

lion. JoHhiitt M. Addoiuau,

ColvDvI John C. ttt'stinry,

Hrvn, Jnel Jl. .SjieiH-nr,

Colon«I E. Chflriw Fraiicia,

His llonur Sleplien P. Slocum, Mayor or Newport,

EliB Honor WiUinm S. H«ywanl, Mnyor of IVividcuoc.

Tlic UHM(]uel wuo cnlivi^itcil liy i-hoit-e niii»ir, reniViX'd with taste
and okill hy llie (f«-niiiiiiiit Iland. Tlie (i«rly devoWil about two
houn lo ihe plciutircA of tlie Inble, when Governor IJttlefJeld called
it to order, nnd in a brief specrli iutrodnrcd CK*Cliipf-.Tiiirticc Clisrie*
S. BradW', a member of llie eummillei' ^i' iirmiigenieii[<i. Ju^ice
Ilradloy mntle nn eIiH|iient farewell Hililriut). He mM :

" Your tonrfiitlieni. xTtrr Iho allinl vkUJrj at VorktOwti, retumod 10 tblfl
BifttA. AMI eomped in ths« <'ity. U vm» in ttiln luuat chill and tttormy moDlli
ot Kuvwutict tbat ihL'y pllvhci] ihvir '-niuii ii[>vii tln! iK-iiihlAuvct wliich ilto
winds of wlDterflwitpt (rom tli»- nioiintaliis to tlie 4e«. And nioi'l) of tliat
i-ftiup remains untouclitd hy plow or simdi- ilurlUf; Uw CL-ntiiry. Yon wUhed
U> behnld that iiij[lit m full of sacrM montaritd. In tlin tmrial ground nf our
falhon wen* left itiaiij' of yuur dvod U»ro<-J*. Tlti^tr asljiw tire lolnglisl uith
ita »oll forvTvr. For n hnndrod f «nT» tlit- place of thi-ir barial has Ijecu faltli-
(wlly re«p*et«id. W« now plitce tlitrx, In rouK-n>Lran>-« ilIiu oI jroiin-Dming
— aniotiuuiADt (jf that materia) ai))iirl]{e{1 at the- f'arU Ex|Kinittoii tohv the
twst for monumental (ttirpoM*-* capable of the hiclivttt fluittli, and oodTiralilo
tbat time aoil fttorni »i*eiD to luurh it onljr with nrriTpni hands. Upon that
•toiM, In luvmurjr ut jour dead, yout liaads laid llie ofltrrluK* ut ymr hearts
to-day. Wu look ynii In MOinr at our wi>rk>«ho|u. Indtxil our SIaI« in nur of
the work-flhopn ol Amprlni. W« are pnxiJer ol the aona ami daiicht'^rK of
toil lliun vf thodv ilellghtfiil visions of hrniily. V"<i w«iM to ilio Tllanio

592

FBENCQ GCE8TS IN BHODE I9LAXT>.

vrork-«hop vt him upon whom tho institute of Fnin*.'« hns cunltvietl the Moa-
t^on medal. Vou fouD<l then.' mnd pIm-wIip^i!, »te«ai and in>n lining tl)« work
of nan. ik^lence. )>.v surh Invcmianfl. (a pntpfttlnc tor th« humnn r»c« on
bothsidtM u( thu orciui th« ufporliiiiiiy luTalovi;U«Tuad loftier future. And
liwi, fnti natr wbnt we love llin \^v*t — our rhlUlreu In th<-ir whouU. Of ihrm
I mwd not apeak. Tlii^ miuio at tlieir yatinj^ volcra will rrmain In jrour
baartH forever. Vou bsve seen no trAlnAaiids of luilillers, but >'ou have >freii
the arllllery and thv licroe* who cumiuur our only trni'my. Yua haw ba«n tn
■>ur rnirr.rnlly, anil hranl thi-ni of itn Kj-ii)|i«thy for Franrv. Wi; trj^lo mull*
It likr tlic old univt>nittcs of France, whk-li, paMiiin! ths huitd, lu St w«r«>,
oror the commuutcles around tliem. and drawing out like a mofCDi't tho icilieU
ODes, ffuvv tlieiu ihu devclopuvnt which tintiifi: Inlunded, ami ihiih ritlspd
France HninitK the natinnx tn tli(> pinnadr of Rlory.

"We wish that ymi i^ould rcinnin with us longer, that you mijtill *«* f^
Stately nunelona yet TcmiUning, whi-re j-our fon^Iarhera wore welcomed to the
bent hospitality of the time, and that we might wi'lrutnc you to oar homi^a.
Yet we hope when you return to tho homm wf Franuc, m Ererett said u>
LafHyetle, to Lli^ " vItioi'Iik) hilla of your own d^ili^htful PrftniN*," rou will
carry some recollect ion of the welcoiiiu wbli-'li you have oiiide no hrirf. and
we hare niade Mniplf and aincero. Nachlntc rcnialnii now but an hour ot
poTBonal and friendly Krccliiiii fruiu uitr i-Sttzeus, who brlujt with tlieni miuk^
of the danghtera of the land ; and to hid yon, In the name of onr StAte, far^*
well."

On ri»ing froii) lh«' itiblt*. llu- guesu pa^^cil diructlv into tlie liotuL
[tnrlors. where they found a.4.<unn1)Ieii a lnr|;D compaav of liulieft
(some of thotn iu fult crcning drcKit) and p^titlctnen, M-aitin;> for an
inimducttun. ThU ciTemcitiy wtis piTformed by ex-Mayor Doyle,
and (in hour ia socinl tnterroursc imttocf] Hgrei>nhly Awny. In tlw
niF^nntime ihi; flour of the ditiiiig hiill Imd been eleared for danciog*
Thia euuliuued uutU a lutv liuur, uud v-iui ibo vloaJug leaturu of
iliilighlful festivity.

On >V«dno«lKy inniiiing, Nuveniber 2d, llic Fn-nch gueidH departed
fi>r Uo!>toti, wvll p1oA.>ied tvith the attention Ihcy luui received, and
feeling thai un propitious mt the mky had been, the hearts of their
IVovidoncc hosts were wurm and siimiy.

Ill RoKtoii the Krenc'h ^ue^iR wen.' received with di!iltngiiidh<Nl eoD-
Aidurntiuii. Tliey vi»it«d Hunker'^ Hill and other pUfe« of npeeinl
intercut to them. Beaching New York Novtiiubcr Jih, tlicy wt
L-omplimentod wilh a receptiou and ball, given at Termce GardcD, by*
the l^reiieh rejtidents of lh« city. Siwrn after, M. Ootrey dlMolvutl
the ufTieinl eominiiwioii, and in .lanuary. IHH^, sueh iiK-mbers of thu
delegation na did not pfolrftcl Iheir sojourn for travel in the United
Stated returned to Pnria.

>--

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 593

BANQUET GIVEN TO THE FBEKCII DELEGATIUX AT THE
NABRAGANSETT HOTEL.

The ifenu wai of the inost elaborate uid temptlog chftnwter, and the cordB on whicb It
vru printed, botli In French and In Enjcllsli, were mBTTcIs of tjpograpliy. For the gratlB-
cation of mme curlouH disciple of ApiciuB, who maj be present at the next eeotennlal
banquet, the prognunnie U here pre«erTcd :

BILL OF FAKE.

Rhode Island Ojatera.

ttOUF.

Green Turtle. Jelly Broth. Roral.

FIHll.

BoUeit .Salmon. Trout, Saaee Colbert. English Tnrbot, Bftked.

Tolatoes l*arIsicDDe. Cucumbera.

RKHUV E8.

Truderlolo of Beef, Bralsetl, Kothachlld.

Young Turkey, with Celery, Brown Sauce.

.'iaddle of Venl«an, Currant Jelly.
French I'eas. I'otatoes. Cauliflower.

ESTRftKS.

Potted Quail, Royal Faahlon. Small Oyster I'attles.

C'utetette ol Scjuab, Chevalier Style, Hayonnulieor Chicken.

Tomatoes. Sweet I'otatoes. Spinach.

Koinnn I'linch.

Broiled Woodcock, on Toast, with Water Cresses. Itout Chicken Grouse, Quince Jelly.
Dressed l.etluce. Celery. Olives.

Charlotte Kusse, Parislau Style. Fruit Ices. Maccarooos. Biscuit Diplomat.

Meringues Chantilly. Xeapulilan Ices. Champagne Jelly.

llamb org Grapes. I'ort Wine Jelly.

Tears. Malaga Grapes. Florida Oranges.

Coffee.

7a

594 FREIfCa GUESTS IN BHODE ISLAKD.

MEMORANDA.

THE FRENCH VISITORS.

The following is an official list of the Freach visitors :

M- M. Outrey, envoyu extraordinaire ct ministre plSnipoten
tiaire de la R^piibliqiie Frau<;aise aux Rtats-UQis,

M. le G6n6ral George Ernest Boulanger,

M. lo Commandant LichtensLein,

M. le Commandant de Cavalier de CiivcrviUc, capitaine d<
vaisseau,

M. le Colonel Bossau,

M. le Commandant Dcscams, capitaine de fregate,

M. Fr. de Corcelle, secretaire d'ambassadc,

M. F6Iix Regamey, d£legii6 du ministre dcs beanx-arts.

M. le Lt. Colonel Blondcl,

M, le Commandant do Pusy,

M. le Capilaino ^rasuii,

M. Sctiilling. licuterimit dc vjuiiHciUi,

M. Bouliird-Pouqiieville, yofivlaire d'ambassade,

M. de Ponrcet de Saliimc, liiMitenaiit di' dragon'^.

M. le Comte de Gras!»e, sous'liciitcnuiit d'infanterie de marine.

Rppr^sentaHls dcs /amilles, doul Ifs 'iiio'fri-s out pris part a la tiuerri
tl'indi-pnidaiice.

JLidumc la Marrjui^e de R()chambcan,
Madame Loyseaii,
Madenioiselk' dc Clinmbrun,
M. le Marquis de Roeliaiiibenu,
M. le Comte d'Olonuc,

OUB FBBNCH AliLIKB. 595

M. le Comte d'Hausaonville,

M. le Comtc de Beaumont,

M. le Baron Henri d'Aboville,

M. Gaston de Sahune,

M- de Gouvello,

M. Ic Baron Christian d'Aboville,

M. le Victjmte dc Noaillps,

M. le Marquis Laur de Lestrade,

M. le Vicomte d'OIonnc.

Also,

M. Gfirard, secretaire de la legation de Franco,

M. le Capitsiue de la Chere, attach^ militaire a la ligation de

France.
M. Bertoiit, attach^ a la Ugation dc France.

Deacendantt of Baron Steuben.

Colonel Amdt Von Steuben, Chief of tlie Mission,

Captain Fritz Von Steuben,

Captain Eugene Von Steubeu,

Lieutenant Berandt Von Steuben,

Lieutenant Kuno Von Steuben,

Lieutenant Anton Von Steuben.

596 PROVIDENCE LIBERTY TREE.

PROVIDENCE LIBERTY TREE.*

Dkdicatkd wits ak Oration bv Silas Dowkir, Jult SB, ITM.

Cut down Aboat IMI.

FOUM OF nSDICATIOX.

AnerllicorHlion, the f;Fn(lcm<?u of tliFpsrt^RcatMlin the tree rpvemitljlatd their hKndi
iiixiii it, wlu'ii Mr. Ddwntr, 111 cloar, dlBlinct tones, pronounced the following words of

ooiir-ecraliiiii :

" Wv do. ill llir nnmi; and bi-lmlf of nil tlio true Konn of LJbrrtj in AmeriCK, Grent
Itrilnlii, Iri'Iniiil. Coriiicn, or wliorcBoevi-r they may be dispersed throughout tile world,
ilediculf and !"oli'nnily devote lliis tree lo be a true tree of liberty. SI«y all our counciln
and deliberiiliiin* iiiidi-r l[B veiieralile brani-lies be K^lded l>y wisdom, and directed Tor the
Hiippiirland nialiiteniiiice of lliat liberty whioli our renowned forefBlher!i sooght out and
found under trceii and in the wildernePl. May it Iuhk flourish, and may the roni ofliberty
often repair hither, tu confirm and slrenKllien eich other; when they loolc towards this
."acred Ktm, niiiy tliey be penetraleil wllh ii ^ense of their duty to ihemnelves and their
piMterity; and may they, lilie tlie h(iu«p of Uavld, grow ttronger and slronser, while their
fneml'-«. like the house of Saul, shall grow weaker and wealier. Amen."

*Aaxt, p. 4M.

APPENDIX,

COUPRUINO

Miscellaneous Letters and Other Papers.

1700-1830.

APPENDIX.

NORTH BUKIAL AND TKAININO GROITNUS LAID OUT.

" TowM M RKTiKO, Juno 10, 1700.

" WhereiM, It hath thin daylseen propo«pd that Bom« convpnient pipcn of
laud mar be slated to We lo comniori continually, to b*- tot tli« nsc of mltllAry
aSnlrti for tninittit of Aoldirn, &<r.. Sec, n,tn\ aIko ax n pliw<- to itt< for the utw of
Wr.vluK vf ihcduiKl, antl lonnyof Ihu piinliuHi-n nnd FToi^rit'tun of land of
this town of ProTtdetK'e, being now toet tcigpther, and having roimiili-rril the
iua.tt«r, do ujipn^h^-ml it to be a nultalile motion anil conveui<>nt thi3 Aamw to
propajiniA; ami (or an mat-M nn it linlli hlitnTta lH><'n omlttAil when It mlitlit
(happily) bv with uioto conrcnieoL-y oSrctad, yaX now well woitctuDii Lb«
moUon and Hncllng time there Is a neccMltjr of the pprfonning of tht> saniir,
and it longer ujnillM tlif? more iucuuvi^uli:uc3- wilt appt-ai: it is therefore hy
thv*b prcacnta ordend, diMormitK^d and af^rccd, and bjr tbcHo pRwenI* ilo
bersbj order. det4>rtDlne and UKn^o, ilmt all i)ioee Common Landt bloR
bctimen th« Iniid IwluiiulEilt tu AMiUmld Walknr whutvori fa« now dw«ll«th,
and soiithwanl to lh<> brook n-hjHi ninni:tli out ol Snmtiol Whlppl>r, ar., hia
land whereon hi: now dwdlcth, and co-tiwiLrd with lh« highway, and wcNt^
ward and north^wMlward with MoHhaMirk lllvi^r, nhall ppxpetually lis In
coiniuoii toi till- uses aforsaaid, and f ur othoi publk tisuaiu the tvwn ohnll i«e
cau8«, not dainnefylng what Is aforesaid piondsed, and that n linrving-pliu:!!
beboundr-d out of tb^- nidd trait ol Land in the ploL'*', and what quantity,
three niftn whifh tho town nhall inaki; <^liuli-« of aliall appoint. And If any
appropriated lunda lylna within thu llnill* afore spLt-ifiod Ik,- ut aiiy tituc latd
down lo romnLon, it shall ronUnually In coroiaon r^ngain, and not be appio.
prtutcd to any ])crsoi]. any turmer ftct, order or clsiuc iheruin to the contrMjr
hereof notwlth^^ landing."*

This ^onnd, «9 surveycil nnd platierl in ITfi-*, by F. C. Harris,

contained fifty-Lwu acns and (liirty-l)iri><- nxLi. It lias boun several
iiiiii-^ L'liliirgvd. llic lititt tiiiiu bv tbi* uuiiex»liui] ut'tllu ItiiiiiUll i-8tal«,
(origiiiiilly ArcbibabI Wiilker's,) wliich tioitiiilcil it on the north.
* ' The brook wiiicb riuincth out of Satauel Wliijjple, sr. , ha land," is
now cwuvt'ytO by a wrert'd way aci^ws iSvxtuu strvct. TIw first

•Boofcl.p.«>.

■w

APPBKPIX.

j^TATo nude ID ihu ground was that of the above naniec] .Saninrl
W1^pp1'^, 5r. A Mon^ fiiiitAhlr inM^ril>ci]. ift np maov j«u*ft 8gn bv
tfau liiu< Mr. Dexter Tliurbcr, marks the spot. Th« first negro burial
in Ui» ground was Obe Garthier. His gnre wosl in the Miith-wmt
corner, near the mouumeut to Frcueb «c4dier». Many ni'irmea and
white iMUVM of oeigbboring lowns were buried in thai Tiduitjr.

A SCENE IS THE BOfAL CIBCLB AT FAKIS.

(aznucr om a Lnraa wtton rAKU.)

" LoKDOs. Aa^uM 13, 1T78.
" Tlir Kit)); ind Qnttca, thti KQ&teter. Lord StomoDt, Dr. Franklin and Mr.
I>eaa«, are Ui« prlndpol actor* ber« In the gnat thaatr« of politics. Frank-
Ud, Deaiw, and tb« Qa««n, play agpUnsi Storinoat and Uaoiepaa, and tba
King.

"Tbs Qnaan arowa bo-" If tb« frteud of Aasriea ; tbe KIok, tha friend oC
pence: Slonnont and .ur«>[n». the faitUnl •ervants of their naataia;
Fruiklln nnil Ilruinr, tlir -mrdinns of 4>pprnttnt rirtu^.

"Ttui VuM'n rallies AluuropaH ; Uw MinlHUrr Hutimits : nod the Ktn^ ia
ftllont, ijll iirorvkvd lo *|Hruk l>y tin? jtarUier of hip n^Knl lionon, who one
day anslgni-d htm for wunt of spirit ; he maile iinswer: 'Consider, a KlnfE is
not lucb for blmiell ; ht ow«a bla whole ncll tu the aerrice of lib cuitnlry.'
* I admit It,' ri^plled tbe ijiieim, ■ and it Is Uiat Krvic« o( yoar people, which
Ik inj arj{Uiiit>nt.* Hear tbclr oplmons. The KIdk. inmlnif to lier with a
•mile, taUl, ' Tbelr opiniona are, Ibnt the openi is bvcter <mlcn1at«d fur Toot
Majra^tbaa the cobiHet.'"

UKTKEAT Oy St'LLrVAJf'S A&MY.— I7T9.

A further coiitirmatiun of the Atatement made on pa^c 101), lfa«t
Sullivan's nrmy, nftcr the biitili^ on Rhode Tslnnd. relrcated m'masi
llowland'a Ferry, i* found in llio folloning bill, prc»cr\C'd among iho
papers of Holomon Peck. Mr. Prck wne r.he boo of Icbalnid luid
.Tuditli (Paiiii') Ppi'k, and was lM»ni m that part of Allli'lion), now
Cnnihcrlund, R. L, April \\). 17.t3. Ho ruamvd Mon-y Fotrtt-r,
dnugliter of Rbeiiexer FoMer. of Cumberlniid. June 14, 1756, hy
whom lie hnd six Rtiiis and two daughter;', lie settled in WrentlMin,
MwM!., whvri.- liu Httaiu^d lo dUlinvliun, and bocatnv a wealthy
fanner. Ht^ di<>d DccemtM-r IM, 1H02, m the seventiolh year of hU
ajje. Mr, Peck served in the canjpai^n on Rhode Tslund. Wlwtber
tin? l>ill litre cited was pivseiited and pttid, does pol appear.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

601

"Auit. SOth, ( Tmb Ukitbo 8tatm or Axertca.
1778, 1

To BOLOHOtr PacK, Ob.

" Tfi niindry urtirtes lost in ths reiniat from the Island of Rhode Isluid Is
paMlnft UowIand'B Kerrjr, ao called, viz. :

" To oil* |{rti«t Co»t, ..... . . OS

"To on* larRe nr-w blanket, . . , . fi

"To one pair low^^-kiUi ttoWM:ra, , l 10

"To one p»ir yarn stockinRs. . , .14

" To onu llannKi iihirt, , % m

"To one ko»iwack, , . 1 10

£2au

xfcrCo

^yrxK^^yt^

9^cJy

"Sworn to in CumborlAnd, IStli of November. A. D. I7T8. b«(oK Jobo Des*
tor, Juatke of P^ace."

LETTER FROM COITNT DB ROCHAMBBAU TO 08NBBAL
HEATH.

"Howi-AltD's Fkmbt, Auguat 7. ITHO.

" I approre enlfrclj the disposition proposod by Oeiieml Hcuth (or the mili-
tia ; lat, lo send hack directly all ihose thai ar» lallpil for (tils exiruonlJimry
occiisluit ; 'J(l, It) ki-i-|i till ilawland'a Piirrj^ Turt Itn I1niii1i(-(l, (lir four rrgimenta
from TlMtoci, tlmt ia all oaSM our c oinmiinlcattons with The continent majr he
pvrfectlr «asy aod safi.' : 3d. I Iwk "' bUo to asBiii« our G«-n(!r&] iMltno tliat wo
will employ them In such a manner, to our woikn, thut tli<>y ntny nul nuftleui
their intUtary duty. (Julnoel <jrei^u«'» r«gimiMit will be t\\\\tm enough at
Hiandcr-hoiijid, (?1 wher« it ahall stay tn tiirnUh mr< with s»me worhiu«n on
my ra<loubt9 to wurk with my own troops. Slnt;e our GenRralliuImo iji ao
good an to loavc it lo me either to keep here Geiiernl Ileulh or to)>endblm
baok to heftdi^uailL-rt), I will hr^ of him t<i allow tltal hr may ntny with me,
because I love and eal«em lilm va.«tly, and that ho in Vl^^y nocesaory lo me for
all our lntell!](en<:e, with all the Qofernon of tfau several Colted 8lat«a, aox
allloH.

"A rtcs^ttiT from the Eiijtlijh Heel, who i-itmn yMlerday from Hlock Island,
■ftys that he has left It behind that island, and we ulwara mw tbeii Frigate*
who ar« a cruloliiE aa muvh a> tho ton will p«rmtt It.

U. lytz.^^X^'^ot^.i^^^^/^

-e«..4.<.

" I send to the AiliQirnl the letter you have received from Bedlord.* nea-
tlonlng tbfl plooe where thi- (Jal*t«a is now crubiDg in £uuanl's Bay."

7fi

•jfewDsorom.

■•» z

rs::3t ^ryTa\.L

HE^TH TO COU>2FEL-COXaCA2a>n(C
J^COB&

~ XswTOKT. Augnit 38, 1780.
' "■«■« ?£& — ^ vw -T'lir-TTMJ i^t JMS «Tc«iB^ fran Gcneisl Coddi <1«
£.'>"ji^a.':rju. "u;^ "Sh Tiapnt PiLUu K Baxu' Hill do not prosecatc tbi
T :r^ V— :i — ^x — ijuc a..r^ni{% ite xxBi«r ct b^ reqnixed do go on in
zii- ii.;m.T£ -^ifT- ■»■!« la-; & T-sy B&kH p»n of ifce IJ«t — ss the Work* at
3:1":? ^— kT: :-:iiKiii-i:^£ c xT^as ^st^-r^kac* K> A» ScctuitT-of this IsUnd,
-_!" ■ a is^ -f -uLiir-iae-L w-ri ^1 aosK.'iuf £^^ac«— tluswill oot be done
* ii< ii~ - j>- Tii^-:<n.u:r KSea'^.'a ^^ fxenk'c* a< the oAeen vho mmt pat
U'i i— : f-is-T- -^ t.-^ j,3ii:ri.-a — ttil wil Aezcfoce i4«»e to impreaa on the
<9> -rs .f ^ r^xkr ^^sjs 3>^'^r;r»ect7 I" 3f skjd Ihftt for two or three dsjn
Tifcjc ri* - r;- _— .f -r^ct iiU ;»ii!i i ««- I Msa «ea9able that di£s>iiig is hard
a^'i -^r^ ^r'jiH.M. ii.-r. >i;.- ;i^r^T-.r%a>'-> cTvnv^iM all otMarles, and sach parts
.■f'-ir-ru; k» 1.-^ iii.-i>.';:i=J.-r'U!u( 3LSf3 Vve-UinivoTed. I bare been thus
nkr=<.'i.^^ ;K-r-xi.<«<^ I v:i f^-.-t;* liia: t^ visbes of oqt Friends may be
fczsT^rr-; ii-i 1 t^ ■ .a 7 :>^ arvar-c asi Ex«t»tt> lac the reform ol every
•^ ■"£■ ^za: n Lz:.dtt. u>i r.- kil: aati f-y.-^'* wkte it i> nnrai fj

1 :<ir »M=«u s*r

■?: >-:'L'>M;'S r-?. '-n-XE TO HIS SISTER SAl-LT DBOWNT:.

'■ Fe>TTiarT 16.

V .- .'. :■ -'^i'.'. i : ji" ■:'.■ i«- :■: ii- j.- :>.i; :i- ;:Ttj:T*: (Imeral on earth is
ir. I ■:•.■. :-f r:_ ;. :.'.': j.: yr<:'^r'.\j tv j* tij^.tr^l a: Srwport the illustri-
. ^*-:.: .j^ -. ii. ;. ij i-::i.-c :a;=: :::x;t c; weliome, the town was to be

Ir< a:.':'!.vr ;'-;:.-r. Dr. Hr w:if v-;»r.* Wa^hinpiOD the "American

li-li.-'ariu-,"

DR. SOLOMOX DROWNE TO M. DE SILLY.

Pro vide niia-. Jio ol mo. Augiisii. A. D., 17t«0.

" £t iiuni lie Baih.-hfrTia [Bowitrr' i|ui<l ^cril-uui. Ilror Xv illam ixpe vidjaae
all iHtu iHiuiKiTK quo tc reliqui. Innocentia, modestia. omnesque rirtutea.

L

OtTR PUKNCH A1.I-IE3.

fioa

luae ronrlliani m«Dtrm ad iiiu>c«ptlone]n (»rileni, ilUm anialiileiii, suAvrin,
tormuAatu, tviiutittu, vvuimiitiu, i-aiidlilaui, bliudulitin, hllsKiu rcrwun-
daitii|»ci piialbim esrulnnt.
" Vulo ml ■mice, »uiu tui uuidMiimui."

L£TT£R FROM AOMtRAL HE TBRNAT TO OEXKllAL
WASIIIXrtTON.

Ou pitge 345, it was vtnled, tlint hchtcIi fur itn auto|n^ph sigimlure
nrAdiuirHl Di? TiTimv Imd liot-ii iiiii'UftvspfuI. Simv IIumi. tli* search
has bceu couliiiufO, aud, tit tliv muiiK-ul of cKwiiig LliiEt volum*.-, it
has becD rewarded wilh lh« following copy of « kaior from iho
Arlminil to \VHJthiii;itun , further uilh a tracing of liis Mgiiiiture,
crMirlvuiinly |>iV8uiiU-tl Ut mv Ity Eluii. WilliHin Ilutitrr. of the SUtc
DrpurtmcDt, at Wnftliiiigtoii :

"«• 11 9 tire [IT80.) n<l« do Newport.
" Moxmkl-k:— .I'ay recu la Itttn qit* voire exw'llcnrv m'n tuit rhonaeur de
nt'^iliv do huit Svplciuhiv J<! Mrni.v * linrtford le 'JO >li ec luois avn- >louid4.lir
le cotnlfi (1« rorhArnbtaii rotrc royagr atasi qiiw If noiM enl auburdontf sans
doutte aux nionvvtaoiu qut poarront w laira k Xevryorck couiiij<? I« luiva doll
I'etrc k r«iix dv \'o»v»i[tc vnnntou' <|u[ e*t niMuill^ artuvll«iiu'nl tioits la poiale
de I'val (1*^ lotix Miami j*^ dt-oln- lili-n vlveinvnl qu«> rtrii no rontinrie urn? vntr«'
vuuqiii pourm dewrmioer ItMoperalioDSdo ranUresalson Jeaubavw tout
I'DttiKliviuent ot Is rwpeol ponlbTc,

"MoDilflor,

ITRASSLATIOK]

Soplt^mlMT II. nMuIalfnd uf Ncnjmtt.
Sir:— I hare reci-lred Xhf Wicr which Vour Exocllrnf.v did tnr tlii< honor
to vcftA to me on ih« ttth of 8c>|>t4>inb<<r. I sliali be at Jlartlurd on the zuth of
this niuatli. with Count d« R<wliauilH<aii. Vonr JunriK^jr, nn wvll aa our own,
taBiihordiDittp, vrithout douht, U> IImi Diuvamcnt* whh-h tiiay 1m- mndp at Xow
Yurk. aa iiiitiv U to be lo iIiom; of tboCDcmy'ii •qna'iron. nhk-h is now inoori-d
umltr the eaatera point of Long Island. I desire vitj earnestly that uot)iiD|[

ma}- thwart an tntprrlw which mny dvtcrnilne ib« operatiou Id iIm
end o( Iha •c«M>n. I ant wltb alt puuihlo altacliniRiit ami napect.
Bit.
Tour moti lionbl* »a(l nraat otwdWat servstii,

IJC CliEVALIEB OE TEJtNAT>

PBOVI8I0N MAOK FOR FBENCU TROOPS IK PHOVIDENCE.

SiiriT io April. 1781, tfa«Q()Ut«rmasler-G«[i«r&l of HIb Mosi ChHni&n MajM
ty'a aruijr rm|urat(<il pvmii«[ian t'> aiijimpiriuti* thr Market Uuam?, ti> kIutb tbi
btiggage ot the ariDj, and lh« Utwn, April Wh, gr»nU-(I Mm pcrmiasios " b
nnke iu« of the upper Infu of t.h« Market Hou»« BulUlmg. as long m he shall
wuit the MUnc for the aii« of suid amiy, on i-otiiUtloti of hU laylDS k tJchl
iIudUa fluor In the oiiOdle uf thv toll.&nd kerpliiK and It-avini; thv ntaUowioJ
that pari of said Ijulldlns nlilth fthall be Improvsd \<y the unny tn as good
repair aa the ■aitii! nuw are, (narinK the n«tar*l docay.) and baildiog siifh •
pair of stairs m he mnj think proper, in Mich ploca aa shall be <Ur«cud l>^
tba gwatleneii b«n natnt-d, viz. : Nichulua Browa, Eaq.. Mr.Ebaaoxvr Haid-
iDg. and Jamea Lorelt, E«q,"

At a town intirtjng.hcld Aufpiit (I, llftl, Colonel Jonatbao Arrmid and
^nln Bourne. Ef-q.. State Coiuuilttee. were aatborlied tu provide qnarten
fur the Fti?m'li onttrern and turneuii*, •Utioned at Provld«iwe. the rent thet«>
for to tx! iMid iiul of Ihi- arxt town tax.

At a town m«-i7t.in^. held Aiiput M). 1781, Mr. John Demount. Orersen ot
the Work-huiise, was directed to clear that bulldlnjt v( it> fnniatco, and to
deliver it to Major I)« Ptvz, lor ilie purtxiee ot barracking the troopo of Ilia
MoNi Chrbtiuii MkjpkT}-. A lar^pr and m|>aciui]a biiildiitK (Rhode lalaiid Col-
lege?] improrrd u n hoKpituI, was also given up to the nse of the officera.
Id Marvh, 1T82, most of the Freoch troops beintf witliJrawn, (he comtnaail-
Ing ofBner and the few ofllcers occupying It willi hira, uem mqueatod to
vat.-at<< It, uulviu thejr chose to oontxatt with Che owners Co continue there at
thclt awn cliargiH. as the flnsnces of the town did " not adniU of tent being
paid by tho town for the same unjr longer titue than till the Arst day of April
next."

LSTTEK PROU COUNT ROCHAMBEAU TO OOVSRKOR QREBKB.

" NKwromr, 27 May, 1T81.
" Bin :— I hnrc the honor to send to Tour Excolluacy, Ma)or FIcurjr, who
has the honor to IreiiequsiDted witli yon. He will deliver into your haadM
Oeneral Waihiugtou'a Itilter. You will «ee by it that he reiqulres yon wouM
call Imm^dlatoly fire hundred inSlitia men, which hn has regulated for reliov-
Ing the Frcneh body at Newport. Ttiu Admiral and myself are of opinlou
that this U a very favorable Inatunt to put our respective forces in molioo Io
fuiftll the echaoie dtrteroiltied lu the lata conterauL-v with Gaaeral WasbiaiE-
ton.

OUB FBEMCH ALLIES. 605

" I trust to Your Excellency's diBcretlon, and under condltian of the great-
eat secrecy, this information. I beg at the same time jou would give Imme-
diate orders to collect at Newport, as soon as poiulble, the live hundred men.
General Washington and I would wish their commander to be a man of abili-
ties, firmness and spirit, and such that we could depend upon in all circum-
stances whatever. I beg Your Excellency vould send him here as soon as
possible, that we could determine and agree.

" Your Excellency will, I hope, be persuaded how much I lament the loss
at your friend and relative. Coloael Greene. I had the greatest regard and
esteem for an ofhcer of such merit.

" I have the honor to he with great respect,

"Your most obedient humble servant,

^ C^^^Om^ ^ <^i^*-»--/^

-« A..«X_

LAFAYETTE TO A COMMITTEE OF CITIZENS OF BALTIMORE.

"Mk. Lyon's Plaktatioh, (

"20 miles from Willama'bg, July the 3d, 1781. J

"Gemtlbxin:— By Major McHenry you will receive some papers that
relate to the affair in which you have so kindly assisted ine. But I claim the
pleasure personally to express my obligations to you, and beg you to be con*
vlnved that they have excited the most grateful and everlasting sentiments in
my heart — permit me to reijuest my respectful thanks may be presented to
the ladies of Baltimore. {Who had furnished his troops with clothing.] I am
proud of my obligations to them, not only from a general respect (or the fair
sex, but more particularly because I know the accomplishment of those to
whom I am indebted. I am happy in the ties of gratitude that bind me to
them, and beg leave once more to assure you of the regard and attachment I
have.

" Your most obedient servt.

LETTER FROM ADMIRAL BARRAS TO GOVERNOR GREENE.

" Newport, 13 July, 1781.
"Sib:— I learn from the newspapers that the house la which I lodge, and
have my otUce.aud the park adjoining it, which inclosed the magazines of my
squadron, are advertised to be sold the next month. I have thought that that

•ilTertlMtneDt amid mil be liut tbv vll»ot oi miiu« miitlMke, attil bkT« oO
btfllflvnl tbat i\ WM tlw? JnlonliDii of Ymir Extrellcoc/ and tbr A<uH>tntil>- H
•oil, during the oonnniianri? of tlie aqiiadivti) In tbis port, tlm lanU bdcI biilltl
iiiga uhl«b b»Te Iwrn atfiw*! u|>oii tot Uieu to lonti tbcir «aMt>llBbiut<iitA
Tlic I'Xiwusi-m u-faicb the Kiiif{ hua iilrcBtl.v Im>i.'|i at In inakinit rrjiMlm «ml t)«W
bHll<Uii(F>i. flntl tille on tlic «-oui»ry, fur vrbtcb the .VM«mb(]r wUI n^adll
Gi)»nr« th« ptmtiMlan daring the wbola coanc of tba wsr w Mxk Fn-ni-b
xqitRitron, wliitrb shall be sUUon«d In thcae m>m» tor tbo ilek'Dce of AmMira-
Tn coiiMHiueiioe. I hnvr Iho iHiixir tu rriitiirv in Iho nicwt iirntsinx tnman^r of
Your Exiirtlriicjr miil nf tbr HonorabliT AsMtiiibly uf the StMtn of Kbotlft
Iftluiul, that lliu Hale of tlip House, I^nd and Kullillnga. belonging lo Col.
•Iu«»!ib WtLiuori, ftn*l tite Land and Bulldli^pi havluu belonjfed to Mr. Boiu**
<^onti;;ilutU tu llie Latul of Cul. WantuR, luxjt Iw ■atjinnilHl uutll tbr etifl of
the wnr; and I dniiMiid thai thiKo pliKMM may bi' dv«tii>rd to tb« iu« of
Frtiiirli VcwcIb of Warvrhtch drmimAtitiw-M niajlcad Into this pon, aad tbu
Ibi.' French Conaul In the Xew EtiKlnnil State* mar lie autborixml lo plan; a
kw|i«r lo lalitt caro of Uie Bulldiuui and vfTwts whk-h «huU be liaft there.
" I havi? the honor to b«, with Uie bi)Ctu!»t <:on»id(! ratio ii. Sir.

" Your ExcfiUcDt'^'ft luoal bumble and luoai ulxHlluat avrvaol.

/.

Iti uccordance with the vrixhcs of Atliniral ilv Unrras, the tiuneral
AMumbly. '■' ilotimiis of gi^ irij; vwrv aid, nsoittADCV and couvcoieace

to thf (lLt!t(i imJ nrmk's of His Most C'iirislinii Majest^i" voted to
poitpoue the »alv uf the Wuiiluti and Homo etilHtci.

LliirrKK ritOM liENEKAI. CHOISY TO OOVBBNOU OBEENE.

" KKWPoax, Angiol 1. l""'-
" SiK.— Djr kU liT-infi arQiiftinlod with Oeucrnl Wu-^liiutcton's iiitvotloos. and
tlip both Stiileft of Ithodi> Iglaod and MUBHChniM'tiH rrflolvcs. Your KxL-vlldncy
will KA-tlly ronovlvc how much I hiive beca aatouUbed at a Irlttrr t>f P.O.
Bowuu ititttualliiK tlip Slulv'f rt-tflui'^HtB d[9u;baTKe uud tri'all for not lirltift
relioTiid, as perhaps thought riNfiindaat ami nvCMnarjr. When the MnMaclia-
aettit oiderr^d lroi>iiH arrived. I airi tnmlint; enough on Votir Exc«lli>iicy'a tru*
MiMuof 1h4f iinpurta»(-<> of this [tlan*, far 10 be afraid Of being bci«av«d of
sacli an liii|)oilnnt promlMHl sticcor.

" Far (ruiu the Ave hundred ui«n of MaABacfan»etl8 to be statloae<l at Ptitta'
mil twinu lurivfd, they an- onlj: on«i huiidfrd utid thiri>- In that fort, and foir
tlw five bmulrt'd raitei] in your Sti>>f. niid onh-n-d to h« on dtitjr at Newport,
llM tiib of the inontb. theyaieno more arrived than three hundred and ItUrty-
oue.

" I r«qiilr«, sir, Y^ir Bs(-«ll»ucy'* inllu»iirr and known worm attarbmeiit
lo lb* cflUK, t « «iaplo}-cd for the r«si uf the troops ibat ore to be raised, be

OUR FRENCH ALLIES.

C07

fotwanlvd an<l complwted, nod rnrDi»li«ct vltli IwtU'r iiitlit&rr aceoutreinvnta,
for itivlr bcrlnK rHllovi-d ur unrwlievnl, ■■ jroii will think it miMt proper ; but
klwoys Icepp otiniplcu> Ut tlui niiinlNir n( Hvn hniiiilrr'i wpII artttt^^ m«a ; agrar-
Blile lo tlio Aut of ihi3 Orneral ABMinbly In th« iMt Bwalon.
" I lukVK the hunnr to Im, nilli rmpucl, Sir,

" Your mast humble and moat obedlmi ttcrranl.

"T^-^^^,

"His Bx(vll«TiC}- ^iHiam nnwnp. Vm\..

Governor of t1i« StnU' ut Rbode Iftlaod.

UR. SOIXJMON DROWNK TO U. DE SILLY.

" Pbotidbxck, 8«pteoib«T 36, ITHI.

" I am faapP7, toy dear d'Silly. In tlib gooil opparluuity ot UuMmlttiun n
letter to your very Ceni|i in vtrclnlii. aticrno lon^ Atiaencr, ^ntl intt^rniptoil
C0TrMpe«i"leiici>. Whi-n t rutiiniwrt truiu fliilwlelittiiii lani Jtil.v, you wurvet
Whiln rinlim, tliR nliiril tiin'ria Imin^ tlion iinftr-it ; — liiil M our rulil* wan
thTOiigTi t'^ahklll, Lltrhtii-ld, ami llurtford. I was obliged lo loregA the |il«a>
•lire nf emhrucln^ j-oii. V<iti hare puufd throii^ti ■ kin^ rrm-tof (.'ontitry,
bav« seen ilif^ Capital ut AtHttrK'a. And ut k'tifflli liuvu urrlved whurn LHurula
Stow tlik'k tu eruwii ihe Wanlor's Iirww. Pfrlia|Mi the Ojit>«jrtuiil[y wj ortcn
wiahnd tor by ymi in «■ IimiuI, wln'ifin you muy 'rivc |iruaf nl ymir srilnnr
(of tba canao ol AincHca. and (or thr };1ory i>f ttii- htjim of Ffmnro.' Ilow
thorny Is the imlh ibai Icada to the Toinplv of Glvry. "Whut death -dealing
tl«td> to liv irnvrfH-dl — I tronible whiUx I wrlle— <Ve I>fll]i>!i [ir>:»idlnK
n'er th" Itnttli', prolvct nty Kricnd \ hmiu<I tbc unfiNlinx Wn-Mlli, und lu bin
faiuilf restore the gallant yoiilb I )

•■ We liavf no newit of con»equetic« ; but wiUt liDpaik'Dtly (or wx'oaulB
frum yoitT Quarter. Vray write every good Opportunity, f tousl voiiclude
fur Moil*. BnrKi^lla mIn off soon. PK-ase to «uurv your tirutJier of my betit
regonU. Mr>. DrouneAend-ihereouiplltuenifi to you.
" ! Ilia, tuy dear d'tillly, you awured Frl«nd,

"SOL'N I>R0WNE."

REPLY.

"Yon shall liellcre. My Dear iioloinon I) row ne. Glory taaa Hllrliil in rov
Tteartall acntlmenta of Ftlcnit)thi]>; Imt I railier DboOM to ooiifrsa my laxl'
naiia tliuu give you any doubt on my i--hara(!ter. I thank yon for your good
whiliaa; It vriut an Imppy preniK'^ ul my prt-iiprvullou, tor. toy Rrollicr nud I
eajoy very good ht-altb. Ni'Vc-rthcleiut an ImjiUdrtit obeli u( a Uomb touiibcd

my ilKiTitilnr, but «o lightlr il •«>iii» « Otrifilty. er nilher yoar rotr. did co*i.
duct tt.

" I reftd tDinyhliitori*s, and «oiiit(^u«nll;y gn-ii! inany d»r.r1p< ioiu ot Battle
■litt nlHgn ; ^ui what n diBeT«iice or poiotlun I fuol wliEn I ««w wHh my own
eye* the Ltinwcni rl(.-tiHie ff (niF siiipiJ furor ; I did pitj- (he w-nkoi^as of
buuinii kln<], SuoU a reflexioo wftn uiiBewionaljIo in (he tr^nchM and iocois*
patllili; with my dnty,

"A ttnr Irlrnd of lito conTHry hsB i-nrtainlyfell agreat Joy.hep.»1iig tb* new*
of York's GarH«Dn taken und the d<-llvfrnni-e vt a goixl St*te lit*- Vlrpni*.

■"' May tLUth an wivanlage [iriwtti(.-« |kF!a,ci^ In Amerii^a. alid giVK 111* UlP pl*a-
aurw of neifihg lay i'tnatee,' May the true merit of my Dear Drowne ba
rewardfti] wUb » socid oOitie en mecUral Unh'enity.

" My BrolliQi (-eods you bis comptliuvtiu ; pray present oar roapec.ta to Mm.
DrQHn«.

• ••■■•

" I am, tor ever, my d^^V Drowne, 'wltb estinie and friendship,

"Touc affectionate aervant,

" I wrAt« thia loiter, my friend, mhRh oar armite took the Wliiler Quarteni,
uid X httd Bot any other opportunity 'tf m^nillntr It to you. But thia. atnce Bvt
[liXnl] monthn ago. Giv« ray beat miiiplitntfuts (o Mr. and Mra-Tailler; notb-
InK in. the W'urtd (th-ii mak^ me fgr^ii/t tht ]iollt«neft9 1 receive daily wh^q I
waap at ib^Jr hpuse : be the tnterpretvr of my aincore aentiiueata ol acknowl-
edgmelit.

" To MUler Solomon Drowna,
'■at
"Providence.

■'Stfttii oJ tthoda Island."

A CUBIODS AGRBBMBNT.

"ARMfiii: I>E m>ClIAMB£AV.
"aotn&vx.

" Convenlion

''M&ile with Mr. Sulorpon Orowne,
PhisiciLiii & Surgeon of this Town,
for the tritaEnictit of the named John

" Convetition

" Fa!(« avec! Mr. Solomon Drowqer,
ireilt'ciii & CliirurRloo de cetle Ville
pour l« Trnitenienc dn NainindJ«a&

OUR FKENCII ALLIES.

6011

Baptist Quincr, iiaid GIdl-oii Saldier
of ye Reg't of Iloiirlwnnois Ooinp, of
('hasaeurs, liorn in Archf^, Prjvince
St County of Flandrcs, Juris<liirt'lon
id. who cannot be transitorted by
reuHon of a <;om[)llcat«d Iriictiirp in
liiN leg.

Baptist« Qulnf r dlt Oiscon aoldat dii
Rc^gliuent de BourbonnoiH Conipug-
nie dc8 Cha8Aeuni, Natif d'Aruhc
En Flandru Jnrfdictinn dt) Idem, qui
«Bt hora d'Etat d'Otro tranB|iorte
ayant nne frai^tiire CotnplUju^ ii
la jambe.

"I underwritten, do I'romisi' Sc
)>OHnd myttelt towards M. Ruliilliurd,
Jlmt Doctor of the French Anny &
Mr. d(! Mury G'ul RegisHeur of ye
Military lloxpiiiil, to supply tlio said
John Baptiste Qniner with Lod{;inK'
Vietiiala, Meil it-amenta, tSrewoiMl &
waahlni;; also to fnniiKh him rvtry-
thing W^hliit-Hoever lie shall Want
tor his wound & his particular inain-
tt-nance; this pn^stcnt tn-atniciit is t<»
take plai'u from tti*- third day of thiK
inotith, till tln! Complt'at rewivery &
cure of Ins \Vound, ut the ratit of
Eight I.ivreit two sols. tournoiH by
<hiy, ur one dollar & half at tlie Ex-
i-hango of Hvc Livma & Ei}{ht Sola
touruoiit, rrovidlng that i\u: aaid Mr.
de Mara sliall I>elivt-r Me

" Wiz't
" 1 straw lied,
" 1 straw b^,
" 1 matrass,
" 1 Tilar.
" 2 Blankets,
'■4 sheets,
" rj ML'hirts,
";( Coiffeaof Cai>,
"1 Woolen Cap,
"■2 tin pots, 1

"2 rorriiisera, > d'to.
" 1 Chainlier Hot, J
" 4 Dressing Sheets,
"4 )iounds of Lint,

" Whieh artielcH & iitenails uIkivi'
mentioned I do Promise & oblign
myself to Represent again at the flrat
(tetnand; the Expefises of the sni<i
treatment shall be paid mu every
foTtnight by Mr de C'lictiel Comm. of
War, now Resident in Pensilvania,
iir by the French ('onaitl in Boston.
ni)oaadue& Legal Certideute that

77

" .le Soussignc Promets Et M'enga-
ge Envers Mr, Robllliard premier
Chinirgien de I'Armee Fran^aise, Et
Mr. De Mars Re'gisseur Gal dea hopl-
taitx, de trailer, aliment«r, Medi-
eaininenter, Logcr, Chanffer, Blan-
chtr ledit, Jean Baptlste Quiner Et
de fournirneneralemcnt tout Ce 4}Ue
Sa Blessnre Exige Et redont II aura
besoin pour Sa Subslstanco, Et
meme, Entretien ii ('omjiter du trois
de ce Mols Jusqu'ii Sa giie'rison par-
faite, Moyennant Iji soinme de hull
LivrcH deux Sols ai^ent de france
par Jour, ou un Dollar Et demy
k Cinq Llvres htiit Sols a la Charge
<in'il me Sera fourni par susdlt
Sienr de Mara Ri5giasenr dea liopi-
taux.

•' Savoir
" 111) Paillasse,
" iin Sa<i k Pailte,
"un Matelas,
"un Traverain,
"deux Couverlures,
"deux paires de Draps,
"Trois Chemises,
"Trois Coiffes de Bonuets,
" un Bonnet de Laine,
"deux Pot«B Boire, i « ,
"deux R-nelles. > „! '"'

■■uu Pot de Chambre. ( """'■■
" ipiatre Draps a Pansemcnt,
" Et qnatre Livrcs de ('harple.

" Irf-s quels Effete Et ustenslles Je
M'oblige de Repreaenter sur la De-
iiiande qui m" En Sera faite; La
Depense du quel Traitement me Sera
Pay<'e tous les quinze Jours par Mr..
de Chenel, Commissaire desOuerres,.
Reaidant £q Penailvanie, ou Mr. 1^
Consul de Franctt Residant a Boaion.
sur le Certiftteat, que Je Produiray

t;io

APPENDIX.

I sltall produce of the Extstencfl &
Good trcatin«>!nt of ye nail) John Bai>-
tint (JiiiiMtr. .

" I'roildcnce, ye 2»t Day of Decem-
ber. 17S2.

" SoLOHOX Drowxk.

"Tliiit prcHontagrecmuiit, under the
npproliation ot the Superintandent
of the frencti array, together with the
conditions & ClnuHes herewith re-
lati'd, is accepted by the under-
signed.

" Providence, ye 2 of December,
17S-J.

•■ Signe a L'origin»l,

" KOBILI.IAUI) ft

UK Mahs.
" Et phiR ban
" Vu par nous t'uiimujisairo de»
Guftrrea. Signe .lujardy tie Gran-
ville.

" Four ('oiiie Coufoniio k L'original,

" JtIJARl>Y DK GaANVlLLK."

de rExIstence Et du Traitemcni
dudit Jean Baptiate Quiner.

"A Providence Le 2e X'bre. 1782.
''Solomon Dbowxe.

"Accept^ Sous le Bon Daisir de
Mr. L'intendant par Nous Sous-
sfgncB La Presents Soumiftafon aux
Clauses Et Conditions y Detaill^es.

"A Providence Le 2 X'bre, 1T82.

" Sfgnd k L'original,

" RUBILLIABD et

DK Mabs.

" Et plus bas
" Vu par nous Commifuiaire dfs
Ouerrea. Signc' Jujardy de Gran-
ville.

THE MAKQdlS DE LA ROUERIE.'

It) \'i»liim(> I. of tlic lievoluiiimary papora of the New York Flis-
toriciil .Snciclv. ftir tlio yvnr 1H7S. liUcly printed, tlit're art- forty-eix
Ii'IliTs of fJi'iu-iJiI .Vrniiiiiil <i(' lii lidiicrit'. wliicli show Ills service.
uikI hIs(» llial of till- ii-^ioii iiiiiii-r liis coitiiiinnil. His letters frtini
Fnnifi', III) liis rcliirii. iiiid fur vriirs iiflci'w.'inls. attest lii.t lii-^li vsti'
mat-' of \Vasliiii;rtoii jiml of Lil-ih/. '['lie niotlier iif tlie .A[ar(|iiis
wintc a iitlir 111 (Ii-ricrai H'iisiiiii;:l<iri. ilatetl ■■ Rinicrie. ]2lli .lan'v,
liMI," ot svliirli ii lfaii>lalioii is pM'ii in tin: abovc-meiitioiioil viil-
iiriic, al [)a;:cs :i7l-2. 'I'lic li'Hcrs of (Ii'ijcrjil Aniiaiid fjcciiiiy |m;res
2M:J-:i;i|'. of llic -lami' mjInhu'. l''i'imi uric of tlieiu. aihlrcsscil to (Icii-
i-i'iil \\'asliiii;.'liiii. llic fiillin\iii;r cxirai'l i> inaile :

■■ I'nii.AtiKi.i-HiA, Xtiri' lull, 17K.t.
■'.Sir:-- ■ • ■ [-Ivt^']

■■ Siiii-c Tiiy rt'turn (n'lu I''r;iiii'i'. I liuil no nlliiT occasiuii Imt I he sfcjjc of
Viirk til no to till' I'liuctiiv - I iiiaili- it iiol only ;t jujiut nf honor but wluil I
ilo liHt'-cni HI lii;;li, a [loiiit rpf iriy iliify lowiiriin Voiir Exi'clli'Hr y, lo act as u

•Alltr, |>, :!7.

Otm FRENCH ALLIES.

Gil

8iil<ll«r M llK^ heati or clu- Amarlimn column that stormed the rMloiihi uf Uk
•Ftiiiiiiny nn-l nllicrwiflo iliirinu »hr mU'SC >*> '"vidtiKN* tliai If Your ExrvUoiH'V
liiul honoro'l iimj vriih tliP t[v)«tiiuany of M» rjun-ni. I iliil nH in iiij- powitr
to iJfstTvo it — Siooa lliftt I rMocd mitl diacijilined u I'oriM.whli'li I iliirv »u,v
wuH hrnUKht to tltuc point of )ns:ru<-iinn and order ivhloh itliu-t> troops In the
rlk'l^t rvifl tu i>ur<;rj«, nnd whwi I'omltiit in >>clti|i n>Bular ami »Krv«al>te lo
llie (Hrnplc liaK iin«w«ri'd our ntDbillmi Iq ■■i'!di'n<'r thai a cMirfia undrr yoar
pr(>l«clion ronlil nnl be oth^rwiM but reapnctAblft.

■ a a • • [2^1

" 1 have the honor la b». with thr hlitlH-iri r(«pc<-t, Kir,

"Your Ex(*llctiry'i llii- mo»t otH-d't h'bl 8'(,

-ARMANI) MyS HE LA HOUERIK*

HU Excvtiency Genttrol Wwhltiuion, Coniinandlur
Iti k\%M 'ft till' Vini'rii'jiti tori-i-i, liradijiuuliT.

[ Endorsed : I'ltiludi7l])lii, 1 1 Uri-ciulirf . ITKl, Irom Bric'dr 0«n'l Annaod.]

BACKER'S HALL.t

C'otoMcI TIiuiuhs Lloyd Hnlscv nppenr* for mnny yettn at mnnnjpr
lit 1«hI[b given at llat-ker'n Hull. Amnns (lio invilfiti<iii!' prrwrvinl
ix (lie lullowing, mldrc;»»i-il li» Dr. Solonion Drowiic and to h'\s wife.
Tl i<t here inlrotlured, an another Providoniv reVtc of tlic IraI rcDliiry.
T.ikr ditit addreuod to Miss l*o\\y Arnold, it wa« printed on lh« Ituvk
ijf n pliiying curd.

TH E, Favour ot'-^fc^'^'^*^

Company ^ requdlcd to a B A L !:«
^ ac llaekfr't-HaJlt or Thur/day Evening
'^ next/ at Six ©'Clock.

31^'^^a.

Provideiite, Sept. j, 1J83, ^

* HU mndbtT Tn>lt! fynm Iipr hoaiF «l Koovrl* an t«mr*I Irttwr.lo tint lamr vflvrt.

" H'MhtnKlan," ahe M.v>, ■■ 1 Imi* a MB. Ue Imvt-i t)i«v. lie h«« *«r«v<1 uDdrr thjr egn-

maoit. foutht iiwl'pc ibyrTt-s. Tliou KnowcM hlin. ihou hotionit him wlili Ihr c*t(«n<

Impart iIiohi ItalfpHn^ ■vulimpni* lo uu> MInUCm. Ttim vjiliiloii) «f nirh a nua ai tliun

ran baih iin aJtocndriKf ohkh gtrct it the fvrcr Of « lau." I'lir Manjiii* appvar* at on*

I lime to hare eoalciupIiUcd bt«aRiliif a naiuraliacd cilS«FU of the L'Bllcd MaU«.

lAuU, p. Its.

612 APPENDIX.

While in Washington, tlie Gcnniin guests of the nation wore enter-
tjiined at dinner by ihu German citizens of the Districi, At this
dinner, Commissioner Dent and n inimber of invited gnests fi-om Bal-
timore were present. An unpublished letter of General Washington*
to Baron Von Stenbeu was read, luid much enthusiasm was mani-
fested. The following is the text of the letter:

WASHINGTON TO BARON STEUBEN.

"Ansjapolis, 2.1 December, 1783.
"Mt Dkar Bakoh :— Although I have taken frequent opportunities in
public and private of acknowledging your great zeal, attention and abilities in
performing the (lutie.<4 of your office, yet I wish to make use of tliis ISMt
moment of my public life to signify in the strongest U-rms myentire approlw-
tion of your eomhict, anil to cxpres-t my sense of the ohligations the publie ia
under to you for your faithful and meritorious services. I beg yon will be
convinced, my dear air, that I should rt-joice if ft could ever be in my power
to serve yon more essentiaHy than by ex])re3sious of regard and affection, but.
in the meantime, I am persuaded you will not be displeased with this fare-
welt token of my sincere friendship and esteem for you. This is the last let-
ter which I shall write while I continue in the serrice of my country. The
hour of ray resignation is fixed at 12 o'cloi-k to-day, after which I sh^l
become a privati^ citizen on the banks of the Potomac, where I shall be glwt
to embrace you, and testify the great esteem and consideration with which

" I am, my dear Baron, etc.,

'

V

k-

i

^^

(;KiiTiKii:ATK (ir cai'tain Giniss.

" I do ccriify timt Mr. .loiiiitli.iu Siiiiiiioiis haw shod thri'c horses all round
l«'l(>nj;iiiK 1" ii 'ii'tHlctiiiin of His E\ci'lliini'y lli-iicral Wiishiti^lon'.i family.
Any (^iiarliT Mii-^tiT nf the Stati' iit Hhmli' Island is ri'i[Ut-stc(l to settle with
Mr. Siiinuoiis fur tlii^ satiic.

■T. f;iI(RS, '

" M. C. Huanls.
"N.'wpnrt, .l;iiry llth, 17R1."

I * W,^siIT^l.l■l'^■s Iaik (;r.viiii.— Miistiiiiclim's l-ilf (iuani hh* rornicil hi Slurcli, ITTii,

nn'l Ciilfli llilMi-, of Klio.Ir li-luii.l, «as it> firM ('ulilsiii-l 'niiiniBinJniil. He lii'ld the [losi-
lliiii :i^ iHh' II > ir.'l. I'ziit Ki]H|>p, H iiuli\ I- lit Stniiitiinl, Ciiiiii, ie bi'licvi'il tu hiivc Im'i-ii
the laM jiuniiur i.f lliin ci-lfljrBl<il liciilv. lie iliiil in NfW Windsor. N. .)., .iHiiunry lllli,

ink;.

OUE FRENCH ALLIES. 613

FOKEKJN MEMBERS OF THE PARENT SOCIETY OF THE
CINCINNATI.

" May 7. 1T84, tlie CIiiivuIUt de lu Liizcirne, the Sleiir Gerard, his iitvilt^^eK-
9or, Count il'Eataing, Count tie Uraane, Count du Barraa, Chevalier lien
Touoheo, Count <le Rouhnmbcau, the OeneralM and Colonels in his army, and
the Marquisde Vaiidreiiil, were maile inonibers of the Society of the Cincin-
nati, and on tho ITth of the HAine month, Intendant D'Tarle, Chevalier ile
Lameth, Count Sonnsviulle, Count la Touehe, Count V'ergasien, ChevaUer
PryRuille, Chevalier liu QneHne, Count de Trevaliea, Chevalier Maiilivrierf,
Chevalier de Vallougi', and the Count de Capelles, officers in the Freuih
army and navy, were iilso admitted.'

LAFAYETTE AN AMERICAN CITIZEN.

Ill 1784, tin- Ifgislatiiri' of Miirylund, b_v sUitiito, mnili! I^nfiiyette
» rittzcn of tliat Stntc Virginia mid (Vniiiccticut piiiixvil »ii'iiiilHr
niiactnu'iils, tlio lntU*r State! oxtetidiiig •■itizciisliip to his son. (ieorg*'
Washington Liifavcttf. Tlieat- enactments took pUuv lieton- tlw
adoption oftlic Coii.-ttiliiliuii of tlio United StHa-s. Tlie auci-ptaiicL' of
tliftt instrnnieni, by the aliovi' luuned tliivc Slates, placed Imtli father
and son in the ralegory of American <'itizcn», without distiirhitig their
allegiance to Fi-aiiee. It wii.-* i)rolmldy on this ba.sin timt W'ashiug-
lon, in his efforl to secure the relensi', of Lafayette from prison in
Ohmitz, fhiiiiied liini as " an adopted citizen of this country."

LAFAYETTE TO SAMUEL B. DENISON.
[By coiirtf^y of Henry Thayer Drownn, Esq., New York.]

" PBOvisa, July 12. IttWi.
" Dear Sih :— I am happy to have it in my power to oblige our friend. Mr.
Davle-t, and Wfore I left La Grange for tlii.** MRctioneerlnu place, I intl in the
hands of Colonel Carhonel. who wi\s returning to I'uris, the very Itatlgc that
General Washington used to wear, not as rn-sident, liul as a menilK-r of oar
Cincinnati Soek'ly. You will easily conceive uiy reluclance to let this pre-
cious reliek, a past heritage of thefaniil}',1ie exiHKted to the nii.slakes that uiigiit
take place at a Jeweller's House. But to the measurement or drawing whiih

■ Memoir*, HUt. Sw., reun.. rp- W, M, M, M.

i.^-^jnrT,

^^F TTU r.^l!».

I; -i»--:r -*i= 3 2—\.^ n.

u- . -i.r.r - — .. ■ -; :■ -. 1..1 iir ' ;•• -i.iir- iai»r iijz j^^'A": -~« :>;.

- •-^1 - 1 .- 1 '. — -i. :..-<::•••"■•:. A~ — -T»t *»- »fcs -.i-i:-; i-

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INDEX

' !!■ I

I

I

1

INDEX.

Aborn, Colonel Samuel, 329.

A Curious Agreement, 008-610.

Adams, John, im, 231, 528.

Adamit, Samuel, 528.

A Dark Period, 54-58.

Aldrich, Hon. Nelson W., MO, H2, 546.

Allen, Captain Paul, 141, S79.

Allen, Hon. Zat-hariah, 314, n., 533, 589.

Allies, the earliest of our French, 28-30; the earliest names of, 28-30.

Alliance with France, 39; how noticed in Providence, 39.

American Independence, Celebration of in Providence, 5.

Andr^, Major John, taken as a Spy, tried, condemned and executed, 206-296;

notice of, 295.
An Enterprise suggested, 337, X^.

Angetl, Colonel Israel, 439; notice of, 453, n.
Antoinette, Queon Marie, 163.

Anthony, Hon. Henry B., moves in Congrens for the repair of Admiral Da
Ternay's grave, 314, 345, w.

Axdoenc, George M., caterer, B7li.

Army, condition of the, 184-187: want^ anticipated, 189.

Army of Olwervation, 9.

Army, health of the. 531, Wi.

Army moves, 390-392; arrives on the Hudson, 3i>l.

Army, rations of. 9.

Army of the Enemy oQ Rhode Island, list of, 155, n.

Arnold, General Benedict, in Providence, 21; anecdote of, 22; treuon,
286-388, 3m; notice of, 394, 2I»; dialogue with Satan, 287, n.

Arnold, Dr. Jonathan, 21, 191, 329.

Arnold, Polly, 254.

Arnold, Samuel G., his account of the battle on Rhode Island, 86, n.; 114.

Arnold, Welcome, 21, 380.

Arthur, President Chester A., 541.545; address at Yorktown, 049; 558,509,060.

A Want Supplied, 379.

A Wrong Impression, 198.

78

618 DTOEX.

Ball, invitation card to, 233.
Bandole, Abb<<, 41W.
Bonds, 911, n., 5GG, n.
Banquet in Newport, 577.
Banquet in Providence, guests at, AS8-Jt91.
Barker, Isaac, 100, 101.

Barras, Admiral Count Louis do, notice of, 381, n.; arrives at Newport, 386,
387; farewell dinner, 349; 400, 406; his fleet, 411; signs capitnla-
i tion of Cornwallis, 4G8, 605.

I Barrolier, Captain de la, 324, 387.

Barton, Colonel William, presented with a Sword by Congress, 48.
Beacon Pole and Beacon, 19.

Beaumarcbais, Pierre Auguste de, a (riend of the American caase, 534, n.
Beckwith, Henry T., 310.

Beverly, John, Rochambeau's pass lo, 388; notice of, 380, n.
B^villo, hi. de, Quartermast«r-Genoral, letter from, 49D, 500, 51G, 517.
Blake, Horatio, 5.

Blancliard,M.Cl;utde, Commissary. 226; establishes Hospital at Fappoosqnasb,
232; visits a school in Bristol, 232; visits sick Bonrbonnois !n Bos-
ton, 233; courtesies received there, 2^^; purchases wood in Paw-
tuxet, 235; visits Mrs. General Nathanael Greene, 237; 285, 330,
;t3fi, 340, -.m, 414, 421, 532. 533.
Blaskowitz'a Topographical Chart of Narragansett Bay, 1777, 16, 20.
I Boston rejoicing, 492; Count Stir's opinion of, 527, n.

Bounty-Jiinipers, 378, 37!(.
] Bouchet, Chevalier Du, 379.

' Bowen, Kev. Charles James, 243.

: Bowen, Ephraim, Deputy Qiiartonnaster-General, 62; letter to General

! Niithanuci Grecno, 145, 147; Hketcli of, 150, n.; his sword and pis-

tols, 140; extracts from his lettt^rs, 131, 152; memoranda of, 152,
15.1; meets General Heath, 193: his father, 236, 290, 290; notice of,

;j;!i, ;i;i2; 3«9, 379, :iho, 4!»9, r<02, 52a.

BowPH, Deputy GoverDcr Jaljcz, 21, 47, 129; visits Rochambean at Newport.

240; leltur to (Jencral Heath, 241; sketch of, 346-249.
Bowen, Dr. Piinlon M., 2'M, n.
Uowcn, Dr. Williiiin, •J37, n.

Bowt'r, Samiiul J., ]);kiiit.-i n banner fur 4tli at July, .1; sketch of, fi.
BowIlt, Unthsheha. 330.
BowliT, Hon. Metcalt, sends a document to Washington, 3fi8; gives a dinner

party, iMiS.
Bradford, Lieutenant-Governor, notice of, 46 v.
Bradish, Miijor, 71, 85.

Bra'Uey, Ex-Chii-f Justice Charles S., speech of, 501, 592.
Bitjclow, Colonel, Tl, 81.
Brinley, Colom-l Tliomaa, 06.
Brinluy, Hon. Francis, 96.
British Giianl Ships destroyed, GT, M.
Brock, Uoliert A., 421, 428, n.
Brown, Licutonatit-Governor Elisha, 31.
Brown, Elder James, 31.

I

r

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 619

BrowD, Hon. John, 3; obtains from Congress remuneration for damage doan

to Rhode Island CoUugn, 197.
Brown, Joseph, 7.
BrowD, Moses, 31.
Bruco, Lieutenant-Colonel, 113.
Buchan, Earl of, 374.
Bunker, Paul, Nantucket, SI.
Burrill, Hon. James Jr., 329.
Butler, Colonel Eicliard, journal of, 412.

Cadets, Providence, 9; list of ofticers and privates, 27.

Calvert, Ex-Mayor George H., address of, 577.

Camp at West Burial Ground, 301.

Cannon, number of in tho State in 177G, 7.

Capitulation of Yorktown, terms of, 4G7, 4G8.

Cardigan, Count de, 263, n.

Carter, John Barker, anecdote of bU wife, 285.

Cbamplln, Christopher, 2G5, m.

Cbanning, I'rof. Edward, 274.

Channlng, Rev. George Gibbs, 272.

ChannSng, Dr. Walter, 274.

Channing, William, notice of, 271-273.

Cbanning, Rev. William EUery, D. D., 271, 272.

Channing, Dr. William F., 272, n.

Chastellux, Chevalier de, JJC, 238, 305, 302, 480; letter to Governor Harrison,

ea't.

Child, Cromwell, 2S6.

Chipman, Mr., diary of, 264.

Choisy, General M. de, 387, 407, 4(}1, 462, 480, 510, 517, COO.

Cinclunatl Society, foreign members of, 612.

Clarke, John Innb, 101.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 47, 111; letter to Lord George Oermaine, 127; Ifil, 178, 183,
28'J, 407.

Cobb, Colonel, 438.

Coles, Lieutenant Thomas, and the Lafayette Sword, 172, 176.

Colored soldiers, notices of, 80, 87, n.

Conway Cabal, 131.

Cooke, George Lewis, Jr., 244, 240; swonl exhibited by, 680.

Cooke, Goreinor Nicholas, 41; letter to Washington, 42; sketch of, 44-46; 151,
243.

Cooper, Rev. Dr., B28.

Cornell, General Ezeklel, 84; autograph and notice of, 93, n.; letter to Gov-
ernor Greene, 215.

Cornwallis Lord,4U5; arms of, 406; in Virginia, 405; is besieged and surrenders,
418, 401-480; 48J; sketcli of, 482; his parole,4S2; Cornwallis' Cave,
sra.

Coste, M., Chief Phj-slcian, 2.12, 235, 338; at Williamsburg, 421; hospital in the
field in front of Yorktown, 431.

Cpuncil of Ollicern, Ul.

Council of War, members of, 10.

Courtesies to the vanquished, 480.

620 INDEX.

Cowley, Mrs. Mary, 866.

Cralk, Dr. James, arrives in Providence to eatabllih Hoapltals. 189; action of

the General Assembly, I'Jl, 192, ]95, 217, 431.
Crane, Colonel, 72, 91, 92, lOG.
Cruise of the ■■ Hennione," 188.
Currier, Captain John Qeoi^, 236, n.
Custine, Comtede, 236, 238,239, 300,3t>2, 421, 480; letter to Ooveraor HanilOB,

B03,S23.

D'AboviUe, M.. 464, fil8.

Daughters of Liberty, In Newport, 260, n.

Dauphin of Prance, birth of celebrated at PhllaUelphia, 806.

Davis, Henry E., 818, 585.

Deane, Silas, notice of, 30; 40, 46, 59, 65.

Dearborn, Captain Henry, notice of, 469, n.

De Barth, General Count Jean, 614.

De Broglie, Prince, 263, 267, 372, 527.

De Corny, Colonel Lewis Ethis, arrives from France, 189; letter to Oovemor
and Council of Rhode Island, 192, 193; difficulty in obtaining a
house, 197, 217.

D'Estaing, Admiral, arrives with a fleet, 6S, 66; portrait of, 67; engager
Admiral Howe, 67; two of his ships diamasted in a gale, 76;
re-appears before Newport, 77; departs to Boston for repairs, 77;
handsomely received, 78, 79, 87, 92; letter to General Greene, 9Sj
more about his services, 120-128; brief notice of him, 128, n. ; opin-
ion of an officer who Ber\'ed under him, 127, 153, n., 164, 407.

De Grasse, Count, 391. 395, 404; arrives in the Chesapeake, 407; letter to De
Barraa,40C, 407, 408; fleet of, 411; sketch of, 413, n.; 480,489.

De Kalb, Baron John, 9; contract with Silas Deane, 38, 39.

Deniaon, Rev. Frederic. 584, 585.

Depreciation of Papi-r Money, 56.

Dc Prez. Major, interview with William Field, 328.

Destouchea, M., ;(52, X'», :!«i2. 373. 41 1, 412.

De Ternny, Admiriil, liovt of. HH*: arrivfa at Newport, with Rochambeau's
army, 2(11; liindiii'r and ri;ci'ptioii, 201-300; takes (|uarter» in the
" Wuntoii liousn'."2'i2; visits Wusliiiifjton at Hartford, 281; sickens
iLiul dies, ;i;W; fimcTal stTviiis, :i47-.'W;i; mil ral tablet ordered by
LuiiiM XVI., 340; Laiin inscriiiIioii,341; liis Rravo lost sight of and
|>oiiilfU out liy Dr. D.ivid Kin(;,:t4ii; Congress vott'S S800 to repair
Iho jjritvo, im; till- l)ill su!)p()rtcd by Si'uator Anthony and Repre-
si'iitiuivc Eaincs, ;(15; opitaph mi granite slab, ;H4; letter to Wash-
ington, 60:1.

Deux-Ponts, Conilo Cbrislian, 22G, 2t\R; at Yorktown,42I; notice of, 435, n.

Deiix-I'onts, Coinln William, 22ii, 2;W; at Vork£own,421; notice of,435, n.; 493.

Devot, Cnpt.iiii Jonatiian, 2,(.

Dexter, Edwiird. 323.

Dexter, family names of, 311,

Dexter, Itev. Gregory, 'Ml.

Dexter, .Torcmiah, 311, 32^.

Dexter. Josepti, ;i2;{.

Dexter, Cnptain Stephen, 311,

OUR FRENCH AI.LIES. 621

Digby, Admiral, «9.

Dilton, Colonel Count Aitbur do, 421; wounded at Oloueester Point, 462.

Doyle, Miss Sarah Elizabeth, 085.

Doyle, Ex-Mayor Thomaa A., 315. fllfl, 581, 687, 500, B92.

Douville, Lieutenant Pierre, notice of, 235, 2Jli, )i.

Drowne, Henry Thayer, 92, n ., 220, 2211, 478.

Drowne, Dr. Solomon, Physician on board private sloop-of-war " Hope," 8;

letter from, 10; 32; sketch of, ^25-327; 329, C02, 007, till;
Urowne, Captain William, nolice of, 270-280.
Duboaque, Captain Pierre, 332.

Duddingaton, Lientenant-AVilliam, 2; wounded and taken prisoner, S.
Dudoupean, Chevalier de Fayollc, 40, 139.
Ihiffleld, Rev. Mr., 488.
Dumas, Count de, 22K, 284, 296, 300, 309, 371, 378, 380, 300, 499, 900, 003, 034, 8ZT,

028.
Duponceau, Peter Stephen, Secretary to Baron Steuben, 139; notice of,400,«.
Duportail, le Chevalier de, 400, 480.
Durfee, Chief-Justice Thomas, address of, 582, 583.

Blames, Hon. Benjamin, udvocatea In CongreHS a bill to repair the tomb of

Admiral De Ternay, 345.
Eden Champagne, 3li8.
Elderkin, Dr.'JoHhua,.'n>4.
Eliery, Chriatopher, 209, 304, 360.
Ellery, Hon, William, proposes General Nathanael Greene for the aucceasor

of General Spencer, 55, 50; in Congress, 252.
Elliot, Colonel Robert, 141; a pilot, 201, ».
Enlistments, 8.
Evans, Rev. Mr., Clmplaln, anecdote of, 432.

Faden, William, luap by, 423, n.

Falconet, M., banker, 2(i3.

Fanning, Colonel, 113.

Farms on Ithude l8lan<l, owners of, 258, n.

Fay, Lieutenant-Governor Henry II., 564, StiT.

Penner, Captain Arthur, 31,

Fenner, Governor Arthur, 129, 141.

Fenner, Polly, 30.

Fenner, Major Thomas, 30, 31.

Fersen, Comte de, 225; sketch of, 109; 281, 4lfl>,

Field, Abner, 328.

Field, Eleanor, 327.

Field, Nathaniel, 446.

Field, Nehemiah, 328.

Field, Captain William, 327; interview with Major Do Prez, 328.

Field's Point, 327.

Fire Department, Display of, 581, 682.

Fisk, Colonel Nicholas, 4T»,

Finite, John, inn-keeper, 177.

Flag of the Second Rhode Island Regtmeut, 453,

622 INDEX.

Fla^, Captain, commands Salem Toluoteers, 107; has cbargd of boats at

Hovland'a Ferry, JOT.
Fleniy, Marquis de, 32, M, 3G; notice of, 35, 38, 39, 84, 91, 139, 6M.
Fortifications, location of, Iti; For Point Fort, coat of, 17; Prospect Hill

Fort, 18.
Fosdick. Major Thomas, 71, 85.
Foster, Hon. Theodore, Sti; af Tiverton during the battle on Bbode Island,

August 29th, 110; returna to Providence, 110; 11G.
Franklin, Dr. Benjamin, purchases the " Bon Homme Richard," 161.
French army arrives In Providence from the Hudson, and halts for a nigfat on

" Mathcwson's Plain," 513; moves to the old camp ground, 513.
French farowell to Rhode Island, inarch to Boston, G25; reception, S26; fl6et

of M. de Vnudreull Bails for the \Vest Indies, G30.
French fleet, list of, 3G1.

French National Guests, visit of to Rhode Island, 570-S!)2.
French physicians and surgeons, U14.
French vessels lost, 408, n.
French visitors, memoranda of, 594, 596.
French winter-.quarters, 498.

Gallatin, Albert, 173.

Gammell, Prof. William, 315.

Gardner, LL. D., Major Asa Bird, 545; gives orders for saluting the British

flag, 559.
Gardner, Caleb, 256.
Garrison House, 71.
Gaspee, destruction of, 3; song concerning it, 3; £100 offered for discovery of

the perpetrators of the deed, 3; prominent men known in the

assault, 3.
Gates, General Horatio, succeeds General Sullivan, 120; anecdote of, 132;

watches the enemy, 133; correspond!! nee, 135-137, 142-144; con-
templates a third expedition, but abaudous it, 145, 149; sketch of

him, 144, h.
Germoine, Lord George, 1S2.
Gibbs family, notice of, 272, n.
Gibba, Major, wouuded, 4:i7.

Giinat, Coloud, ■2'.>; wuuiulud, 315, 423, 13(5, 437, 440.
Girard, French Miubtt-r, arrives with D'E.staiug, 1*5.
Gist, General Murdecai, 4S0.
GloviT, GeniTiil Juliu.juins Sullivan, Q; 71,72; notice of, 73, 74, 84, 80; holds

temporary coinmauil in I'rovidence, 129; departs for the main

army, 13J.
Goddard, Colonel \Viliiain, 175.
Gorliam, Jolin, his sus^jestioii , 30'.l, n.

Graves, Admiral at New York, 2t0; joins .-\.dmiral Arbuthnot, 210, 407.
Gray, Cliief Jiisliee, Bostun, 2(j4.
Gray, Colonel Pardon, Tiverton, 191.
Green, Mrs. Cornelia E., 315.
Grceu, lion. Samuel A., 400.
Greene, diloni'l C'liristoiilii-r, slationeil at Easl (lrei.-n\vieli, Hi; his colored

battalion, Ko; mock battle iu Xi-wport, -^IH, '^Ko; death of, 382;

sketch of, 383-385; his sword, 3J>4.

OUB FBENCH ALLIES. 623

Greene, GrifUn, 2.W.

Grcf nc, Chief Engineer Oliver E., 581, 3S2.

Grcen<i, Hon. Ray, 4C, «.

Greene, Genera! Nntlianacl, 55; joins Sullivan, fi3, 71, 77; defends him, ftl,05;
hiit plan of linttlc, &'; coininanda tbo right win;;, 84; conciliatory
letter to D'EMtaing, !t8; letter to an Influential citizen, ii5; serves
in the south, 4111, 4^; cannon presented to bbn, IM; sketch of,
4!>G.

Greene, Govr>nior William, ISS; letter to Washington, 158; slcetch of, 46.

Ouilbvrt, Prof. Jean E., 585.

Iloako, Captain, viaita Mrs. General Greene, 237.

Hacker's Hall, 23;(, (ill.

Hacker, Joshua, notice of, 2!H.

Halsey, Colonel Tlionin.1 L., 312, n.

Hamilton, CutoncI Alexander, favors negro levies, 8C, ».; at Newport, 3C2;

notice of, 47n.
Hammerell, Prof. Victor E., 585.
Hancock, Major-Gcueral John, 71, 72; nerves under SnlHvaa on Rhode

Island; hospitality, 78, 81; his mansion, ?!>; 5'.28.
Hand, General Eilwnnl, 47ft.
Hanson, Captain Doirish, "'i.
Hanliiig, Ekazor, ;5«1).

HnrriM, C FiHke, owned manusi^ript diary of a French officer, 423, n.
Ha.v.i, Moses, a Newport. mercLiiut, in Boston, l.TO.
Hayward, Hon. Wiliiam H., address of, 5'.H.
Heath, General Williani, lti7; in Providence, Iftl; sketch of, im, n; dines with

French officers, IKW; at Newport, 212; eiiterUina Indians, 250, 252,

288, ;KNi; letter to Colonel JocoLs, 602.
Hendricken, Uiglit Rev. Thomas F.,589.
Hiller. Major, 107.
Uinkley, Captain, 72.
Hitchcock, Colonel Daniel, 44G.
Hitchcock, D. D., Rev. Enos, Chaplain, 2.53; witnesses Andrtf's execution,

20;}.

Holltd.iy, Governor W. F. M., of Virginia, address at Yorktown, 5U.

Hood, Benjamin W., 587.

Hope, •Tnnips Barron, poem by, 557.

Hopkins, Commodore Esck, on a committee, 7; at Nassau, 11; poetry com-
memorating him, 11; sketch of, 12-15.

Hopkins, Captain J. B., 13.

Hopkins, D. !>., Itev. Samuel, anecdote of, 308.

Hoppin, Levi, promoted for gallant conduct, 85.

Hoppin, Ex-Governor William W., 588.

Hospital (Small Pox) removed to North Providence, 50.

Hotel, Narraganspf t, 580.

Howe, Admiral iCicbard, engages with D'Estolng, 76; notice of, SO, it; his
hopes, 112, n,

Howe, General William, .%f>.

Howe, General Sir William, (British,) SOS, 508, n.

Howell, Hon. David, 21, 52U.

624 INDEX.

Howlttnd, John, 58, 13B.

noyt, David W., 586.

Hughes, Tbomiw, 457.

Humphreys, GoIoDel, at Newport, 363.

Hunter, Dr. William, notice of, 261, n.

Hunter. Hon. William, 262.

Huntington, Lieutenant-Colonel Ebeneser, 423, 47S).

Huntington, General Jedediah 3I», 306.

Huntington, Major, 72, S6.

Incidents of August 28th and 29tli, 102-106.

Incidents of the War, 100-103.

Indians vlsltNewport, 240; war dance of, 250) entertained in Providence, 250,

252; at West Point, 263, 254.
Irish, George, 391.

JaclcBon, Colonel Henry, 64; notice of, 88, n.

Jackson, Richard, Jr., 173.

Jatmacco, Captain, 324.

Jack-knife lawsuit, 5T, 58.

Jacobs, Lieutennnt-Colonel , Tl.

Jasper, William, notice of, 124.

Jenka, Captain Stephen, notice of, 7, n.

Jones, John Coflin, 26)!.

Jones, John Paul, 161; plan for invading England, IGl.

Jones, William, carries despatches to Paris, 24: GoverDor'21; 121.

Jnmencourt, M. de, officer of artillery, :{.3T.

Eeane, Rt.-ltev. Bishop, discnurse by, 542, 543.

Kentish Ouanis, 0, iH, n.

Killed and wounded, nuinljcr of, at Yorktown, 474, 475.

King, Dr. David, Newport, lottor to Mr. Brinley, concerning the Brinley
house. •.'7, n.: his accnnnt of Iho douth and funeral of Admiral
Dc Tcrnay, .'Ul^ial; his death, notict; of, :Hri, MH.

King George III., recoives the news of the cnpilulation of Cornwallis calmly.
494.

King, Louis XVT., .1!); influence of Lnfiiyette with, 163; birthday of, com-
niiMuoralion at Newport, 237, i'iS.

King, Rufus, iiide-dc-cauip, 72, IiM.

King, Samuel, portrait painter, "JUK.

King.non Hulls. 0.

Knight, Miss Holiy, 177.

Kuovvlea, Hon. p:il«-artl P., ;ilL*, .Y.i-2.

Knox, Gimeral Henry, scnes under Wnshington; chief of artillery at York-
town: examines works at Newport, 43, 44; notice of, 439; 464-
present at Iho surrender of Cornwallis, 479; 4S4.

Ladies pri>iuinfnl in Newport, 2.17-274.
Lady Sterling and Miss Kitty, 59.

OUB PBENCH ALLIES. 625

Lafayette, Marquis de, qaart«r8 of, Id FrorJdeoce, brf ck-lioufle, 31 ; agreement
with Silas Deane, 39, S9; Joins General Sullivan, 63, 71, 73; urges
D'Estaing to reiiiaiu,78j goes to Boston to persuade liim to return,
7V; returns unsuccessful, 93; letter to Waiihington, 100; is sta-
tioned at Bristol, 118; removes to Warren, IJ'J; proceeds to Phila-
delpbia, 120; sends a challenge to Lord Carlisle, whicli was
declined, 119; his opinion of the action of August 20lh, 119; goes
to France, 10!); 1(10; easy penance, 160: letter to Washington, 161,
l<i2, 163; in favor with the King and Queen, 1«3; letters to Wash-
ington and to Congress, 164; his activity for America, 1U2-I66;
returns to America, 167; letters to Vergennes, 168; 187, 329; sent
to Virginia, dSS; keeps. Corn wait is at bay, 405; 412,419; engages
in siege of Yorktown, 423, 43:1, 437; letter to Captain Stephen
Olney, 443; 480; letter to M. de Maurepas, 485; sketch of, 617-620;
visits Rochambeau and De Ternay, 211; 606, 613.

Lameth, Chevalier de, 226.

Larchar, John, 325.

Larned, Adjutant, 71.

Larned, Russell M., 244.

Laurens, Colonel Henry, 84, 91,

Laurens, Colonel John, 478.

I/auzun, Duke de, 226; winters in I..ebanon, Conn., 291), 300, 301,302. 306;
notice of, 308, n.; 33li, 421, 461, 480, 493.

Lawrence, Colonel, 106.

Lawrence, Captain David, 141.

Leach, Rev. Dr. Daniel, 586, 9!>1.

Lee, General Charles, introduces M. Malinedy to Governor Cooke, 32.

Lee, General Fitz Hugh, 561.

Liberty Tree in Providence, 446, 696.

Light out of darkness, 66, 59.

Lincoln, General Benjamin, besieges Savannah, 121; siege raised, 394; »t
Yorktown, 423, 437; receives the sword of CornwalUa, 472; nketch
of, 438, 478, 481.

Lindsay, Captain Benjamin, escapes from Lieutenant DuddingHton, 2.

Lippitt, Jeremiah, 385.

List of vessels comprising the French squadron, 352-3.11!.

Littlefteld, Governor Alfred H., 545, 5(M, 565, 567,571; at Newport, 573; welcome
to the French guests, 575, 688.

Livingston, Colonel, 106.

Loper, Aaron and Moses, leave Newport, 156; Moses drowned in Scott's pond,

im.

Lovell, General, 105, lOfi.

Lovet, James, 380.

Lovett, Captain William, brings the news of the capitulation of Yorktowa to

Newport, 492.
Luzerne, M. de la, 140; notice of, 169-177; 183; at Providence and Newport,

29T, 298; commemorates the birth of the Dauphin, S05-506.
Lyman, Major Daniel, 141; aide-de-camp to General Heath, 241; sketch of,

241, n.; Lyuian, Mrs. Mary, notice of, 270, n.
Lyon, Mr., a French merchant in Providence, 233.

(^26 INDEX.

Mugnider, General, 418.

Maitland, Colonel, (British.) 126.

Maimed^, Marquis de, 32; tetter to General l<ee, 32, 33; provision oiadfl for

hitD, 31; tetter to Governor Cootce, 34, 35.
Malsbnrg, Major, commands the Hessian troops; his error coQcaming the

retreat of the Americans corrected, 107, 110.
Han, Aaron, promoted for gallant conduct, 85.
Manning, Bev. Dr. James, a member of Congress, IS; 196, 19T.
Map of campaign on Rhode Island, hj J. Dcaison, 1U8, 109.
Map of part of Rhode Island, bj 5. Lewis, 6.
Marchant, Captain Huxford, 2G8.

Marchant, Hon. Henry, in Congress; letters to Governor Cooke, €B, 66.
Martin, Deacon Philip, 032.
Mason, Dr. Benjamin, 267.
Mason, George C, 267.
Masonic Celebration. 336, 337.
Mathews, J. W., 185.
Hauran, James Edd;, of Newport, explains the location of the Brinlej' houa

and of the battle-fleld of August 29th, 97.
Maurepas, M., French I'rime Minister, 160, 163, 600.
Maaroi, Charles Louis, Vicouut de, 40.
Mawaej, Colonel John, G.
McCrea, Captain Edward P., death of, 543.
Miller, Nelson, at Yorktown, 483; silhouette of, 483.
Miller, William J., 119.
Hischianza, The, SOS, S06.
Molasses Act, 2.
Montesquieu, Baron de, 305.
Montmorenci, Marquis do X^val, 2B8; 480, Q2S.
Monument, at Yorktown, description of, 585; dedication of, 686.
Monument at Yorktown in 1860, 548, n.
Morton, John, 265.
Morton, Major, 72.

Morris, Mr. John, 216. ,

Morris, Major, 85, 93.
Muhlenburg. Geueral John Potcr, 479.

Mulberry Tree, eloquent reference to by Mr. Wintbrop, 430, 131.
Munro, Captain James, commands the " George ^''ashingtou " on a cruise,

275; notice of, 275, n.
Munro, Major Nathan, 52.
Miinson, Dr. Eneaa, at Yorktown, 431.

Navy, want of a, 10.

Nelson, Miss Katp, 42S, n.

Nelson.GovcrnorTbomas Jr.,413, 414, »., 415,417, 426,480; large landholder,

41t>: his patriotism, 426; sketch of, 427.
Nelson, Thomas, Secretary, 417.
Nelson Tombs, 417.
Newport, defences of, 87.

Newport evacuated by the enemy, 15'!, ir)7. 158; sufferings in, 179, 180.
Newport Society, 1780, belles of the day, 256-274.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. 627

News of surrender of Yorktown, how receivetl, 484-498.

Nightingale, Colonel Joseph, commanda Providence Cadets; is stationed at

Pawtuxet,27; list of company, 27.
Nightingale, Deacon Samuel, Xt>, 173.
NoalUes, Maniuia de, French Ambassador, 333, 334.
Noailles, Tlcomte <le, in the trenuhea at Savannah, 122, 226, 349, 46S.
North Burial Ground, when laid ont, 533, ».; IH)9.
North, Lord, folly of, 2; his exclamation, 494, 533.
Nof es. Colonel, 72.
Nurses, Mrs. Stalner, Mrs. Barnea, Mrs. Fottinger, Mrs. Bailes, Sukey Olney,

Officers distinguished in the battle on Rhode Island, 84, SS.

Offlceni of the French squadron, 353-35(!.

Officers prominent in the American and French armies at Yorktowu, 421, 422.

Olflcera, some names of, who remained in America, 629,

Olney, Captain Stephen, notice of, 410 HI; names of his company at York-
town, 445,

Olney, Colonel Jeremiah, his company, 177^,447; sketch of, 445-461; officers
of his regiment, 418.

Olney, Joseph, notice of, 44fi.

Olney, Major Cuggeshall, 450.

Olney, Mrs. Sarah, notice of, 4til, n.

Olyphant, Dr. David, 2G9.

Outrey, His Excellency Maxime, address of, at Yorktown, 550; at Newport,
576; at Providence, 580, 581, 584, 585, 688, 592.

Fi^e, Captain Benjamin, 5.

Paper money, colony, specimens of, SS.

I>nper money, continental ai)eclmens of, S7.

Parker, Sir Peter, takes possession of Newport, 47.

Patriotic women, 9.

Pawtnxet Rangers, 0

Peabody, Nathaniel, notice of, 183.

Peck, Lieutenant-Colonel George, 141; notice of. .WT, 608, n.

Peck, Solomon, HOC; retreat over Howland's Ferry, 601.

Percy, Earl of, 47; returns to England, 48, 264.

Perkins, Major, 19.

PiJrouse, M. dc la, 380.

Perry. Hon. Amos, 315, 316, 590.
Perry, Commodore Oliver H., 2G<i, 2C7.

Philadelphia, joy in, 48T, 488.

Pickering, Colonel Timothy, notice of, 478.

Pigot, General SirRotwrt, 913; his narrative of the campaign, with namea of
British officers killed, wounded and missing, 111-115; notice of,
111, M.

Pisan^on, M., 337.

Play-Bill Extraordinary, 63.

Potter, George, promoted for gallant conduct, 85.

Powder Mill built, 7.

Power, Captain Nicholas, 16.

028

IKDEX.

pTMOOtt, a«noral, 47; taken prisoaer. IS; exclwngvd. 48, IM.

Pnacott, Mnjor.H.

PriecA exor1>ltant, 143; efforts of General Gaum to snpprwfl tha »rU, 143.

FiiratccrinE P|>is<Mln, cniiM of ibv " Gcofv« '^MUaictou/' 3Tfl.

Proviilenc* » mllltar; «'anip, 7.

Proviitlou maJfl for F«»«h troop*. In ProvWeaco, flW.

Piiluki, Count, morullj' woumlcif al ih«aie|f(! of SavantuUi. 121, 134.

Qnnrtcn of Che French oMMrs tn Newport. 131-134.
Qitnrler<i of tbu Fruucli officers lii Provideuvc, 331-^133.
(JneKtmy, Alnxaiulvr, 4X4.

Roglnicntfl, Pint ami Second Ebode IsUnd, consoUdatail. 4S1.

R«suai<<.^ Bd«r, 533, Mi.

RutrBUt ut SulUvaii's ariay. Ihu litiu ol, lOT-llU.

ItlgfrS. Oiptftlll Aliliueltx'li, ItT

BobUIiitnl. M.. Cbk-r HiirReoii. 4;J1, BJO.

Itobin, Abbv. "fJuiiTcnu Voynpi" of, 4(0.

Robinson, Majot Eliliu. 323.

Roblnvoii. U«v. £>T. Ecekl*-!. addreai of, ntS, OM, MS.

Itu)>lnHoii. Thomiw, 'MU.

Rocbninbcan. l.tciitoDnnt-QAUcral Count d«, with «D mrmr of B,O0O nun.
nrrivea at Xeirporl, 301 : wuluoiuu lijr llio tuwu and by titv St
205-308; landing of the lroo|M, SlU-SOft; Mcri-t and upon InslruG
tiona, Zl.t, 214: chdiim (urufd and lioapliala rateUbht^l; lUl uT '
tifflr^W In ]ii» nrniv, ^20-:!a4; UkkoH Ihe "Vernon maoslon " for
hDad<|uarlcni,:£!0; %>Uit« Bgstoii. S31; vfeita Wn«binf[tvo at Hut-
tori, 281; itii-ldt^titu, iKl-att; HjiendH winter of 1780-81 In Newport;
vlHlta Provfdonre frciiiiPtitly; foiiiia friciMUfaip with Urputjr*
Qovfrnor Itowon, 243-, pri-mntii spoon to Mrs. Bowca, 213: eiv«s
balls 111 Nuwport ami In rrovidence; presc^Dtn wat<:b to Mr. JobDj
Siuitli, 244; i:xc tun ■]{•;» i^wtrd Willi Gvuvral ^filler, 343; Id eon^l
pany with Aiitnirnl IImitiw vUits WaiibSuiiton at W«utlur«[i<.-1d,
to conault alxiii! a LAinpitii;!). :(tH'i; army naovrs to join Washing-
ton, .'^Q; march to tbe Hudftnn, 3Ln-Jiia-. continues the tuorchj,
seO; rcieptiou at PliilQdidpbio, 3117; riwht-s Williaiuitbutf, 4Q9t
unlt«>s with Wanhlngton in nfivRo of Vorkt"wn, 41<i-U4; KurtEmler
of CuTuwalliB, 4H3-481i ItdcliamlxL'au nud hifl arm; go Into Winter
qiiartcni in Viriilnla. 41ih; Ittit^r tofiovuruorflarTlson.fiOl, ."KU.riUl,
1)04: •Iiine, vm-i, movies hin ariti.v tu iliv IIuilson,S03; iolua In I'uiu-
III Q mo rati UG lUe birth of tbo Dauplifii of Pranrw, MKt~30S; movcMJ
hi* army to Providfuee, and cuL-atHjis on Ihe old ground, OOD-KHiT
puta the Itaroii d« VIomcenil Ineoinmaml.and rvtuma to PUilodi^l-
pbla.SlU; HalU for Frauve,S16; aketcti of, Kl,0.!3. M-; jMldteai of,
051.

Roobninbeun. Vicgint* de, notice of, 381, n.

KuRKrs, (}»DHral Heralio, .110, S45, Ml, MS, 860, 573, sm,

Roftrrs. Major. IffT.

Uliode [aland, loyalty of. 1.

BUodM, Edward S-, W5.

OUR FRENCH ALLIES. U29

"Rose," frigate, 2.

Route ot camps, 40(M02.

Roaerle, OeDeral Armaiid,-610; his mother, 610, n.

Rossetl, William, merchant, of New York, 272.

Babbath, reverence for the, 3:13, 334.

Sabln, Ciesar, discharge of, 87.

Sabln, Jamea, Inn keeper, " Gaspee " party at his house, 3.

Savannah, siege of, 123; American and French officers killed and wounded
at, 124-126.

Scammell, Colonel Alexaoder, killed, 47A.

Scene Id the Royal Circle at Paris, tiOO.

Schuyler, General Fliilip, notice of, 185, n. ; 262, 285.

Seagel, Prof. Charles L., 519.

Seers, Colonel Thomas, 107.

S^r, Comte de, 226, 332; intro<hiced to Washington, 509, SIO, 524.

Selfredge, Captain ThonioH O., S77.

Senter, Dr. Isaac, 273, :«2.

Sewell, Captain Stephen, 72.

Seybothan, Colonel Baron, emotion of, 473.

Sheffield, Hon. William P., 571, 572, 574, 678.

Shcpparil, Colonel, 13:t.

Sherburn, Thomas, Nantucket, 31.

Sherburne, Colonel, wounded, 103.

Sherburne, Major, 71, RG.

Silly, Chevalier de, Lieutenant, ;f29. 330, 007.

Slaves, valuation uf, 384, it.

Slocum, Hon. Stephen P., Newport, 3!)1.

Smith, Captain Turpin, S.

Social Life in Providence, 1780, 81, :t27-337.

Soldiers, French, where buried, 632.

Sonneville, Chevalier de, 40. ■

Sousa, Philip, 584.

Sohthwlck, Solomon, .'<04.

Spencer, General Joseph, 48; letter to Governor Cooke, 49; expedition on
Uho4le Island fails, 51-M; notice ot him, 54.

Si>rout, Lieu tenant -Colonel, I'Xi.

Stamp Act, 2.

Stark, General .rohn, in Providence, 133.

Steuben, Baron von, arrives in Providence, 138; short of funds and supplied
by Washington, 140; inHjtects troops in Rhode Island, 138; pro-
ceeds to Hartford, 140; in Virginia, and cooperates with Lafayette,
140; at siege of Yorktown, 435, 4:13, 460; sketch of, 480.

Steuben, Baron von Arndt, guest of (he nation, 649; address at Yorktown,
5r.l.

St«uben, Baron, deacendanta of, 599.

Stiles, Rev. Dr. Ezra, 272.

Stiness, Judge John, 315.

St. Simon, Marquis de, 404, 407, 408; notice of, 407, 412, 422, 480.

Stuart, Colonel Walter, 478.

630

INDEX.

BuUItrd, Oencc&l Jvhn, «uc««eili Gumiral Spencer, 5K; liia caniiMJgQ on
Rhodf- IsUml, bfttfle o( Aoguat 29ih, and retr^Bt. «:;, 10; ifeTJeral
oriUtw, 73-7.%: Ilia rfjAappofntment, 7tt; protasis aEainst VSatnins
ll-arinitlLiDii. 77; iMtw to Conarcf^, S"; resohitlonHhy Con(;vL-j« la
relfttlon to, M, n.; Ifltterio WKsliliigloo, OS; itiakea his Iii-atlqiiftT-
tcrs In ProviJunce, 115; citlletl 1o leail an expedition aaaJnut ti»«
IniUafls. in weatcra New Tork. UK; flddrea* to Uim by the town,
ami liirt reply, lUl, 117: sketeh of lile life tiaO s*n^eM, UT. U&, ».

Bucnncr. TLomas N., Lb reotl lectio us, 1*1, 31.

Burei'ODi*, Drs. AnioUl, SeiH*t. TiVigneniu, JosHTj.Whefttifii, Jackaou, Gutrli-
loHnii, Hajran, Bvrcft, Wilson, llofdid, Paraona, Tnrni;i, BartJetl,
WltltcritlgB Ctace, Fiakc. Dtowne.S.

Swan, CaptMiL, iiong at tbe "' Gaapcc " ii^. i.

Tubli-, nei'oliilSoiinry rciie, 3<}g, ii,

Talbot, Captaici Blliu. dk^'rt^h of, 'H, n.; 8S, 01. lU. 137, 138.

TiuiJ, 11. Juj^ph ilR, Coiunilsanry, SW, '211; lettec to Oovernor Grireiie. 219]

k'tl«ra from. mi. .W2.
Tar]«ton, Colonol Sir Batmslm, 161; oottoc o(, 4C2. 1.
Taylor. Major, courtesy of, 477.
Tliatvta^r, Dr. JamcB. 132, 15», 293, SaS, 431, 467.
TbayiT, Rvv. Thatcher. D. D„ 26P.
TliTOop, Dr., 324.
Tfaiirb«r, DeiCet, deetribeii the spot vrheni the Frencili soIdlACa vate bUTlMl,

££1.
Thdi-ber, Edward, 3ho.
Tburber, Iiumi;, Atdenunri. prujiosps tli« QRine of "'C^mp ilnjQt," to IkIm tliB

place o! "Green lune," 3(JW, ii.
Thurber, Samtiet, lIwpitAl HtcHArd, S; aucceeded by Ota^ Winaoc, 8.
TlllLii^hast, Coluntil DntiJct, 511,
Tillotflfln, (.'otpnel, 1^K.
Tilly. M. lie, 220, 369.
TllgliifiJin. CoUinel Oaivald, -187, H.. 490, OiKl.

TLlKlumiu. Colunal Tincli, skeU'li of, iSi, 4110, n.

Titctjnili, BrLfjudifT-Geuuial, 71, 8i.

Torpedo milut*;, B77.

Touche, fi. d« La,flii(^i'(?frd3 DeT«niay,3Sl; eTigages the Brittab frigate "Iito/'
ISS; 35S, 3WI, :«3, 410, 412.

Touio, Isaac, noma to Jamaica, 13(i.

Toutiani, Colonel, mortally vroijiDdod on Rliude Island, 81, 103.

Tracy, Joho, nidL>-<li'-L'amp, 7t.

TroTclB of olHiera, 238. -mi.

Trambull, Colonel John, volunteer aid to SullivaD, tU; his acootmt of tha
battle on Rhode Island, 103, lOQ; afcottih of, 148; Inoideat un the
Ehhte.;!tl7, 480.

TniiDbu]|. Governor ,Ioaallian, notice ot, U7j 308, 304. l-WB, 300.

Turner, Dr. Henry £,, '.rj, ».

Turner, Dr. Petei, notlue of, SM.

Tnrtl* pMty, 297-

/ .

OUB FRENCH AUJES 631

Tyler, Royal. 72.

Tyler, General, 71, 89. .

Updike, Daniel, .162.

Van Zandt. ExOovernor Charles C, 100, SM.

Varnuui, General Jamea M., H, 71, 72, 73; sketch of, »1, 92, n. ; 296.

Vaulian, M., in Newport, 2ii7, 208.

Vaudreull, M. dc, fleet of, names of vesselo and of their commandera, S30;

staff of the " Triumphant," 031.
Vergennes, Count de, 1B2, Hi5, 108, 171, 187.
Vernon, Samuel, 229, 3<i«.
Vernon, 171111801, of Newport, resides in Boston, 227; bill for damage of his

Newport mansion, 227; entertains Rochombeau, 231; notice of the

Vernon family, 227-232.
Vernon, William, Jr., sails for Europe, 231,
Viomesnil, Baron, 223, .Till. 421, 4M, 437, 480, B31.
Viomesnil, Comte de, 223, 4H0, 490, 501.
Vose, Colonel, 133, 42:1.

■Wade, Colonel Nathaniel, 71, 84, 89; interview with Lafayette, 90; reference
to their experience in the campaign on Rhode Island, 90; sketch
of, 00, n.

Walker, Captain, mortally wounded, 103,

Walker, Captain, member of Boron Steuben's military family, 139.

Walker, Richard, 72.

Wall, Colonel WiUiam, 380.

Wallace, Sir James, 2; letter to Commodore Whipple, S; conunands the
" Experiment " on the southern cOB«t, 126; captured by D'Estaiog,
12«.

Wanton, Joseph, 224.

Ward, Major Samuel, in battle on Rhode Island, 85.

Warton, John, 224.

Washington, celebrates the alliance with France, 59; letters to Lafayette
Luzerne, and to the President of Congress, Vii), 183, 185; letter to
Aleshech Ware, :«>7; visitti Newport, 362; reception there, 363-366;
his rei'tpe for a soro throat, 367; visits Providence, 369-371; pro-
coeds on his journey, 371; was he a Marshal of France? 873-378;
480; letter to Steuben, 612; Life Guard, G12, n.

Wayne, General Anthony, In Virginia, 401; at Yorktown, 4^, 433; sketch of,
433, n.; 480.

Webb house, 393.

Weeden, General, at Gloucester Point, 4tiJ.

Welch, Colonel J. Harry, 379, 584.

West, Colonel, Commandant, 71, 84.

Westcott, John, promoted for gallant conduct, 85.

Wbelp, Lieutenant Anthony, 72.

Whipple, Abraliam, of "Gaspee" party, 3; reply to Wallace, 0; made Com-
modore, 11; sketch of, 2.VJ6.

Whipple, Brigadier-General, 70, 71, 84.

63;? ca>EX.

Vigj^leftirortb, Cotcmel, iocitltnt of, 103: acts as Brigade MAjor,

WilliamsiiDTK. 403. ».; 4At.

Wi]it^>n, Major. 71, Ki.

Winter qiiart«n of Freurh army, 26: encuDpmeat in Nonh Pnwfdence,
dtm.-riptiou '^f. Sf*-:;!?: t^ill of Jos^pb D*;xt«r, 312. a.; diadam of
' ^nraiapineiit, 317: awisied in the nirrej b; Mr. Hciu7 R. Darte,

.tlfl: a hoped t.,r park. m:'>-:il>i.

Winihio[>, Hon. BoUrrt C, oration. 515. .u2.

Woo'U. Uon. Jofaa Carter Brown, 289-
' WwxIm, Lieuienant-Colonel, 71.

f WreckH. BritUta, raised, 2H, 2»i.

YorkUiwa, description of, ilfi-llT: Motm's taoasc and Temple bnii,U7; Kie^
of, 421: plans of the si^e. 4*24: inL-identB,<I32.433: Btonniog partjr,
4^t7: representation of the sarrender br M. Levaaseor. 477; cen-
tennial commemoration of the surrender of, KA-W8.

Yorktovn, trip to, panicipaots in. 565, Xfi.

h

i